Overdose with paracetamol, analginum, aspirin, citramone. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) overdose What happens if you eat a pack of acetylsalicylic acid

Today, people take acetylsalicylic acid for any reason, sometimes significantly overestimating the permitted dosage. They are so confident in the safety of the usual drug that aspirin poisoning comes as a complete surprise to them. An overdose of any drug, and acetylsalicylic acid is no exception, can have very serious consequences.

An overdose of acetylsalicylic acid can have very serious consequences.

How does aspirin work?

Acetylsalicylic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is prescribed as an anesthetic for pains of different localization, to lower the temperature in respiratory and viral diseases, to combat inflammatory processes and to thin the blood, with the threat of blood clots.

Absorption of the drug occurs in the digestive tract, decay - in the liver, and the kidneys are responsible for removing the substance from the body. The drug has a wide spectrum of action, in addition to treating pain syndromes and febrile conditions, it is prescribed for the prevention of changes in the cardiovascular system: atherosclerosis, ischemia, circulatory disorders and many others.

Possible causes of poisoning

Even the safest drug in large quantities can become a poison for the body. Aspirin poisoning can occur in the following cases:

• if the drug is taken uncontrollably, without a doctor's prescription and setting the correct dosage;
• if the dosage is exceeded intentionally;
• if the treatment with acetylsalicylic acid did not take into account impaired renal or liver function;
• when children have open access to medicines in the house.

The daily intake of the drug should not exceed three grams

An acute or chronic form of poisoning may also develop, depending on the duration of administration and the amount of the drug taken. A one-time overdose of aspirin leads to an acute form of intoxication, acetylsalicylic acid will have a concentration in the blood above 300 mcg / l. Prolonged uncontrolled intake of the drug with insignificant excess of daily norms leads to chronic poisoning with the concentration of the active substance in the blood from 150 to 300 μg / l.

To avoid aspirin poisoning, it must be borne in mind that the daily intake of the drug should not exceed three grams (6 tablets, observing the intervals of taking at least four hours). Poisoning can be caused by taking aspirin in the amount of 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight during the day. Death occurs when 500 mg per 1 kg of body weight is exceeded.

Chronic overdose: characteristic signs

Symptoms of chronic acetylsalicylic acid overdose are difficult to diagnose, since the patient himself attributes them to completely different diseases. If, when interviewing relatives, the doctor finds out that a package of aspirin was recently purchased, and now it is empty, then he prescribes a blood test to determine the content of acetylsalicylic acid in it. It is this analysis that is required for an accurate diagnosis of poisoning.

Chronic overdose is determined by blood composition

Chronic aspirin overdose causes the following symptoms:

• acute abdominal pain with indigestion;
• nausea, vomiting;
• ringing or noise in your ears;
• significant hearing loss;
• increased sweating;
• signs of anemia;
• headache;
• inhibition of reactions, loss of consciousness.

The main danger of this condition can be considered the threat of internal bleeding, increased heart failure and the development of bronchial asthma.

Acute poisoning: characteristic signs

Acute intoxication in the case of a single high dose of aspirin has 3 degrees of severity. Symptoms of a mild form can be confused with manifestations of chronic intoxication, but the victim does not lose consciousness. The moderate severity of acetylsalicylic acid poisoning is diagnosed by rapid and difficult breathing, cough with mucous sputum and fever. Toxic damage affects the nervous system, kidneys and liver, lungs and blood composition.

A characteristic symptom is respiratory failure

Symptoms of a severe overdose are the most life-threatening. Acetylsalicylic acid in large quantities leads to respiratory failure and pulmonary edema. The victim's breathing becomes difficult, the skin first turns pale, then becomes cyanotic. With the rapid development of pulmonary edema and the appearance of foam from the mouth, the person cannot be saved.

An increase in body temperature and a decrease in pressure can also be considered characteristic symptoms. The patient's pulse is quickened, and there may be interruptions in the work of the heart. Overexcitement is replaced by drowsiness and lethargy, after which the person may fall into a coma.

Symptoms of an electrolyte imbalance in the blood are associated with kidney damage and decreased urine output. In the acute form of intoxication, encephalopathy may develop, the characteristic symptoms of which progress, up to impairment of consciousness.

Overdose suspected: how to help

If you see one or more empty packs of aspirin and you suspect that the person has overdosed on the drug, then call an ambulance without delay. Try to induce profuse vomiting in the poisoned person, then give him activated charcoal. If it is not possible to call an ambulance, then take the victim of an overdose of acetylsalicylic acid to the hospital yourself and do it as quickly as possible.

It is necessary to call an ambulance team or deliver the victim to the hospital on their own

If an overdose of aspirin occurred during alcohol intoxication, then the likelihood of developing internal bleeding increases significantly, so it is necessary to act even faster. If in the hospital the stomach is washed out to the victim, the necessary solutions are administered intravenously and the ionic balance of the blood is corrected, then one can hope for a complete recovery. The activity of the cardiovascular system is also monitored and the necessary drugs are prescribed to maintain it.

Accidental or deliberate overdose with a common drug such as acetylsalicylic acid is not uncommon. Since 2000, statistics indicate that approximately 12% of all deaths from drug poisoning are due to aspirin. So be careful not to put your life in danger.

An overdose of Aspirin often leads to serious consequences. The danger lies in the fact that the drug is present in almost every home medicine cabinet and consumers believe that the drug is not capable of causing significant harm. In fact, the uncontrolled use of any drug can be a provocateur of death.

ICD code 10 T36 – T50.

Prescribing Aspirin

Acetylsalicylic acid is used to reduce fever, has an analgesic effect, and fights inflammatory processes. Also, the drug has an antiplatelet effect.

Usually prescribed in the presence of such indications:

1. Rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatism.
2. Infectious-allergic myocarditis.
3. Fever with infectious and inflammatory problems.
4. Weak and moderate painful syndrome - myalgia, cephalalgia, neuralgia.

Aspirin is also used to prevent embolism, thrombosis, heart attack, stroke.

Important! During pregnancy, treatment with acetyl is performed with the permission of a doctor. In the first trimester of the fetus, splitting of the upper palate is possible, in the later stages of hyperplasia of the pulmonary vessels, closure of the ductus arteriosus, hypertension of the pulmonary circulation.

It is forbidden to take the drug during lactation, as it easily penetrates into milk and leads to problems in the development of the child.

Contraindicated in the age group under 15 years old - there are risks of Reye's syndrome.

The effect of Aspirin on the body

The acetyl preparation has many analogues:

• Cardiask;
• Thrombotic ACC;
• Cardiomagnet;
• Upsarin oops;
• Aspirin cardio (cardio);
• Aspenorm;
• Aspeckard;

The action of these medicines is based on the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which is the main provocateur of inflammatory processes, pain, and fever. Aspirin also prevents platelets from joining, which helps prevent cardiovascular pathologies.

Along with the beneficial qualities, it is worth mentioning the disadvantages - complications of hemorrhoids as a result of blood thinning and the possibility of developing ulcerative formations of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Causes of intoxication with Aspirin

Overdose is likely due to the following factors:

1. Self-therapy without considering possible contraindications.
2. Attempted suicide.
3. Treatment against the background of liver disease.
4. The use of pills by a small child as a result of parental carelessness.
5. Joint reception with alcohol.

It is unacceptable to exceed the maximum daily rate of 8 g.

Overdose symptoms

Possible acute and chronic poisoning:

1. In the first case, the patient's blood contains more than 300 mg / liter.
2. In the second, 150–300 mg / l is sufficient.

Depending on the form of intoxication, specific symptoms appear.

Sharp

Clinical picture:

1. Severe nausea leads to vomiting.
2. A person experiences euphoria, movement and speech are active.
3. Cephalalgia, dizziness appear.
4. There is noise in the ear canals, ringing, vision and hearing decrease.
5. The temperature rises.
6. Breathing becomes more frequent, shortness of breath develops.
7. Brady or tachycardia is likely.
8. Convulsions are observed.
9. Local bleeding occurs - subcutaneous, nasal. Clots can be found in feces and urine.
10. If first aid is not provided, coma and death are likely.

Symptoms develop 3 to 8 hours after an overdose of aspirin.

Chronic

Main features:

1. Hearing impairment.
2. Dyspepsia.
3. At rest, tachycardia.
4. Periodic increase in temperature outside the presence of inflammatory processes.
5. States of excitement and inhibition.
6. Slurred speech is possible.

More often, chronic overdose is detected in elderly patients. The clinical picture is blurred, it appears gradually.

Reye's syndrome

The main symptoms of poisoning:

• Repeated and indomitable vomiting on the background of neurological problems.
• Depression of consciousness and coma.
• Heart rhythm and breathing disorders.
• Arterial hypotension.
• Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.

Directly life threatening. Usually diagnosed in children under 12 years of age. As a rule, it develops as a result of a viral infection, for the treatment of which Aspirin was prescribed.

Lethal dose

Depending on the condition of the person, age, the presence of chronic diseases, the amount of the drug varies:

1. Moderate option - 150-300 mg / kg.
2. Expressed - 300-500 mg / kg.
3. Fatal - more than 500 mg / kg.

1 tablet of Aspirin contains 0.25 g or 0.5 g of the active substance. Therefore, an overdose as a result of a single intake of 30 small pieces or 15 large ones is considered potentially dangerous for a child weighing 15 kg.

Diagnostics

If a patient is admitted to the toxicology department with a suspicion of an overdose of acetylsalicylic acid, an examination is immediately started:

1. Find out from the persons accompanying the patient or the patient himself what he took and in what quantity. If a person drank another drug or alcoholic drink at the same time as Aspirin, be sure to inform the doctor.
2. To determine the concentration of a substance, laboratory blood tests are prescribed, for detection in urine, special test strips.
3. When damage to internal organs is suspected, hardware methods are used.

Based on the results of the examination, the therapy program is adjusted.

First aid

To remove Aspirin in case of poisoning, medical treatment is necessary. At home, before the arrival of the team of doctors, you can reduce the symptoms and risks of death by resorting to the following procedures:

• Stop taking the drug.
• The stomach is washed with 1–1.5 liters of a weak solution of potassium permanganate or warm water. If the dosage was exceeded more than an hour ago, the measure is ineffective.
• They clean the food tract with sorbents - activated carbon, Enterosgel, Lactofiltrum, Polysorb are used as an antidote.
• A saline laxative is recommended - magnesium sulfate.

If the procedures help and the poisoning is mild, then they visit a doctor to prevent the consequences and side effects. In case of severe overdose, the victim must be taken to the toxicology department.

Treatment methods

The therapy regimen includes:

1. Forced diuresis with Furosemide.
2. Alkalinization of blood with sodium bicarbonate.
3. Elimination of bleeding with Dicinon or Etamzilat, with significant surgical intervention.
4. Restoration of blood volume with significant loss by hemodesis, Reopolyglucin.
5. Using a pressure chamber or oxygen bag.
6. Introduction of hepatoprotectors - Karsil, Essentiale, Heptral.
7. The use of benzodiazepines for seizures.

What the prognosis will be depends largely on the severity of the condition, the time of assistance. It must be remembered that a severe overdose is fatal.

Antidote

There is no specific antidote, but the use of general sorbents can treat intoxication.

Possible consequences

Complications from Aspirin Poisoning:

• acute renal, hepatic failure;
• damage to lung tissue;
• toxic hepatitis;
• ulcers of the stomach and duodenal ulcer;
• bleeding;
• metabolic ketoacidosis;
• coma.

If timely assistance is not provided as a result of an overdose with Aspirin, death is stated.

Prevention

In order not to poison yourself with acetylsalicylic acid, it is enough to follow a few recommendations:

1. Use only after consulting a doctor, especially if the use of other medicines is expected at the same time.
2. Keep out of the reach of children.
3. Discontinue therapy at the slightest side effects.
4. Do not combine treatment with drinking alcohol.

If there are risks of poisoning, it is better not to use Aspirin, but replace it with drugs such as Paracetamol, Validol, Heparin.

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is present in every home medicine cabinet. Range of application - relief of pain spasm, lowering body temperature, blood thinning. Tablets are considered a universal remedy and are used in the treatment of many diseases. For a long time, the drug was considered safe. But in medical practice, there have been cases when an overdose of a drug was recorded.

The drug belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Used by prescription only. Self-administration often ends with an overdose, leading to complications. The dosage is carefully calculated based on the test results.

• Effectively combats high body temperature;
• Relieves pain spasms in the muscles and head;
• Eliminates inflammatory processes;
• Thins the blood, preventing blood clots;
• Required for atherosclerosis, cardiac and vascular diseases;
• Restores the structure of the blood;
• With ARVI and ARI infections, eliminates the impact of pathogenic viruses;
• Works as a pain reliever;
• Can be used for.

The active ingredient of the drug is acetylsalicylic acid, which is part of other drugs with a similar effect: Cardiomagnet, Acecardol, Trombopol and others. The substance is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, starting a therapeutic effect. It is almost completely excreted by the kidneys.

Aspirin has a number of contraindications when use is dangerous to health:

• Peptic ulcer and a high concentration of acid in the gastric microflora;
• Low blood clotting;
• Individual intolerance to the active substance or other components;
• Serious lung disease - bronchial asthma;
• During pregnancy and while breastfeeding;
• Renal tissue pathology;
• Joint diseases - gout.

Taking pills with these symptoms is not recommended. It is possible to provoke a complication of current chronic pathologies. It is required to drink the medicine with food - you cannot eat on an empty stomach.

Children under 12 years old are prohibited from admission, only in exceptional cases under close medical supervision.

When an overdose occurs

Aspirin overdose occurs in the presence of various factors. There are a lot of reasons causing poisoning. Compliance with the dosage prescribed by your doctor is safe and will not harm. But sometimes one reason can cause severe intoxication.

Factors that can provoke an overdose:

• The dose of the substance is independently increased;
• Treatment without consulting a doctor;
• The child, through an oversight of the parents, found a package of pills and took it inside;
• Long-term intake of a dose exceeding the norm;
• Chronic liver and kidney disease;
• Deliberate use of high concentration for the purpose of suicide.

The main reason is the high volume of the substance in the blood. How much medicine to drink is determined by the doctor depending on the test results and the physical characteristics of the person.

A safe dose is considered to be 40 mg-1 g at a time for an adult and a child over 15 years old. Do not take more than 8 g of the substance per day. Treatment lasts up to 10 days, then the drug will have to be changed. For children under 15 years of age, it is permissible to take pills only by the decision of a doctor and with medical supervision.

There are three types of aspirin poisoning:

• Moderate means taking a substance in a volume of 150-300 mg / kg;
• A significant one is already characterized by an excess of a dose of 300-500 mg / kg;
• The lethal concentration of the compound starts from 500 mg / kg.

The lethal outcome for everyone occurs when taking a different number of pills. Human immunity and medical indicators are affected. You can get poisoned with a small amount of medicine; physiological indicators also affect.

Signs of aspirin intoxication

Poisoning is of two types - acute and chronic. It depends on the poisoning and the type which symptoms appear first.

In case of poisoning with aspirin, which accumulates for a long time in the body, a chronic type of intoxication is diagnosed. It manifests itself in the following symptoms:

• Noise is clearly felt in the auricles;
• Digestive processes are disrupted;
• Sharp pain in the abdomen;

• Speech with obvious defects;
• Difficulty breathing - shortness of breath;
• An attack of nausea, accompanied by vomiting;
• There is profuse sweating;
• Painful sensations in the head;
• Anemia develops;
• Fainting.

Symptoms appear gradually depending on the accumulation of the toxin in the body. Therefore, at the first change in the functioning of systems, it is worth contacting a doctor. This will prevent the development of severe consequences of taking aspirin.

Acute intoxication manifests itself after 2-3 hours of the onset of an overdose. Subdivided into mild, moderate and severe poisoning.

The mild stage is often confused with chronic intoxication - the symptoms are similar. The difference is that the person is conscious.

The average degree is characterized by:

• Frequent difficulty breathing
• Violent chest cough with expectoration;
• Body temperature, increased to 39-40 degrees;
• The activity of the kidney and hepatic cells is impaired.

A severe form is fixed in the presence of a significant deterioration in the victim's state of health:

• Oxygen starvation is observed;
• Edema of the lungs develops;
• The patient turns pale, the skin becomes cyanotic;
• Body temperature exceeds 40 degrees;

• Blood pressure drops sharply to critical levels;
• Heart rate increases to 100 beats per minute;
• Hearing is noticeably reduced;
• Muscle cramps;
• Deep fainting.

When foam appears on the lips, death occurs. In this case, it is already rarely possible to save the victim.

An imbalance of electrolytes in the body leads to kidney failure, which is characterized by infrequent or no urination.

First aid

When the first symptom of an overdose appears, you need to call an ambulance. The patient needs help before the doctors arrive. It is recommended to do all procedures quickly - this will help improve the condition:

1. First of all, it is required to clear the toxin from the stomach. Prepare water - 3 or 4 liters. During a single admission, the patient should drink 1-2 glasses, this should provoke a gag reflex. If there is no attack, you need to call it yourself. Repeat the procedure to clean vomit.
2. Sorbents help to remove toxin from the blood. It is better to use Polysorb, activated carbon, Smecta. The substance reacts with the sorbent, binds and is excreted from the body.
3. The laxative will cleanse the intestinal mucosa well. It is advisable to use saline solutions.
4. The patient needs to drink a lot of fluids - water or compote, mineral water. It is better to do it in small sips and often.
5. Before the arrival of an ambulance, you need to put the victim to bed and monitor the condition.

1. If a person faints, it is recommended to bring him to his senses. If necessary, give artificial respiration and chest compressions.

The arriving doctors will carry out further measures to provide assistance, decide on hospitalization.

Treatment

In the hospital, the patient is in the toxicology department. Here the necessary tests are taken, a course of therapy is prescribed:

• The gastric lavage procedure is repeated with a special medical probe.
• Rehydration solution is given orally to replenish the micronutrient deficiency.
• A course of diuretics is taken to stimulate the kidneys.
• When fixing muscle cramps, anticonvulsants are taken.
• Blood transfusion is required when the concentration of the toxin is high.
• A number of medications are prescribed to maintain and repair liver cells.
• In severe cases, oxygen inhalation is prescribed.

After therapy, a recovery period is carried out. It is required to adhere to a special diet, vitamin complex and walks in the fresh air.

The mild stage of poisoning is treated on an outpatient basis. The patient is delivered to the hospital for the necessary tests and mandatory manipulations. A course of drugs is prescribed to restore the victim.

In some situations, urgent hospitalization is required:

• A sharp deterioration in the condition;
• Feces and vomit mixed with blood;
• Internal bleeding;
• Critical indicators of heart rate and blood pressure;
• Body temperature rises rapidly;
• Children need qualified medical care;
• Pregnant women and elderly people need help.

Consequences and prevention

An overdose of aspirin provokes serious consequences and complications in human health.

Overdose consequences:

• Pathologies in the liver and kidneys;
• A disease develops in the liver - toxic hepatitis;
• Acute form of stomach ulcer;
• Internal bleeding.

The most dangerous complication after poisoning is coma and death.

• Do not violate the prescribed dosage by the doctor;
• Self-administration of aspirin is always accompanied by an overdose;
• The tablets should be stored in a place where the child cannot reach on their own;
• Closely monitor the implementation period, an expired medicine is dangerous to health;
• If discomfort develops, it is best to stop taking the substance and seek medical advice.

1. Poisoning of the body occurs when ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in a toxic dose:

· In adults, if swallowed more than 125 mg / kg body weight.

· In children, doses over 120 mg / kg body weight can be toxic.

2. Fatal aspirin poisoning occurs after ingestion of 10-30 g in adults and only 3 g in children (up to 10 kg).

Facts

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is widely used and is one of the most common substances for poisoning. This happens with suicidal attempts in adults and accidentally in children.

According to statistics, the frequency of consumption of ASA:

· Decreased due to the relationship with the development of Reye's syndrome in children and the development of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

· She grew up thanks to the prevention of thrombosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Aspirin remains one of the most commonly used drugs by patients without a doctor's prescription.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Absorption and metabolism at an acceptable dosage

· Aspirin is rapidly absorbed into the stomach and duodenum.

· At therapeutic doses, 90% of salicylic acid is bound to protein and therefore limited by the vascular space.

· The maximum concentration of the substance in the blood serum is reached within 60 minutes after ingestion.

Metabolism

Salicylic acid is metabolized in the liver in several ways:

· SK has t½ 2-4 hours in therapeutic doses.

· ASA is partially glucinated in the liver to salicylic acid, which is less toxic and faster excreted through the kidneys.

· Only a small amount of ASA is excreted from the body unchanged in the urine.

Absorption and metabolism in case of poisoning

· After an overdose, absorption and excretion change dramatically.

· When taking large doses, the absorption of acid from the stomach and intestines can take more than 10 hours.

· The maximum concentration of the active substance is observed in the blood serum.

· Cleansing the body slows down and takes up to 6-8 hours or even longer.

· In high doses, the half-life increases to 20-30 hours.

· With an increase in the level of SA, the degree of protein binding decreases to 50%, and hepatic detoxification becomes saturated. Thus, more salicylic acid reaches the tissues.

Excretion

Since the liver's ability to degrade salicylic acid is saturated, the elimination of salicylic acid will depend on the rate of excretion by the kidneys.

· Therefore, the t½ of the drug increases from 2-4 hours to 30 hours.

· Excretion in the kidneys slows down 4 times with an increase in urine pH from 7 to 8 and 10 times with an increase in pH from 5 to 8.

Cellular and systemic effects

Respiratory alkalosis

The overall effect is that patients have respiratory alkalosis, or a mixture of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis - pure metabolic acidosis is rare in adults but can occur in children.

Early respiratory acidosis should be suspected in the presence of concomitant respiratory inhibitor poisoning.

· Inhibition of cyclooxygenase leads to a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes.

· Stimulation of chemoreceptors in the medulla leads to nausea and vomiting.

· The activation of the respiratory center in the medulla leads to respiratory alkalosis.

· The effect on cellular metabolism leads to metabolic acidosis.

Acid-base disorders

Various acid-base disorders can occur with ASA poisoning.

· Respiratory alkalosis (phase 1): Through rapid onset of respiratory center stimulation / hyperventilation, giving early pCO2 decline and respiratory alkalosis.

· Metabolic acidosis (phase 2): Increased metabolism, accumulation of acid metabolites, and ASA infusion from the intestine.

· Vomiting and electrolyte disturbances due to acid-base changes.

The degree of influence and physiological principles of treatment

ASA is a weak acid. The procedures are aimed at increasing the systemic pH, that is, reducing the concentration of H + ions, by adding sodium bicarbonate. Salicylic acid anions then enter the bloodstream and, to a lesser extent, cross the blood-brain barrier in the CNS.

Alkalinization also increases the secretion of salicylate in the kidneys.

Effect on the central nervous system:

· Salicylic acid can cause changes in mental status through three mechanisms: a direct toxic effect with damage to the central nervous system, cerebral edema and neuroglycopenia.

· Increased acidosis promotes the influx of salicylic acid into the central nervous system. SC lowers the level of glucose in the central nervous system, therefore neuroglycopenia is observed, despite the normal level of glucose in the blood.

Mortality from ASA poisoning is closely related to the level of salicylic acid in the central nervous system, and altered mental status due to poisoning is an absolute indicator of hemodialysis.

The effect of ASA poisoning on the lungs is expressed in pulmonary edema. Induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute lung injury are most common in elderly patients. The condition is treated with hemodialysis.

Contributing factors for poisoning

According to statistics, overdose is more common:

· In people with suicidal intentions.

· In children who, for the sake of interest, try a drug that is in the availability zone.

· Due to self-administration of the drug. It is assumed that over-the-counter medication cannot cause poisoning, and patients abuse it.

Diagnostics of the state of poisoning

Diagnostic criteria:

· Clinical suspicion.

· Taking ASA drugs in doses above the toxic level.

· Hyperventilation symptoms.

· Metabolic acidosis with no known cause.

The diagnosis can only be made by measuring the concentration of salicylic acid in plasma. Although there is no absolute correlation between plasma concentration of CK and symptoms, toxic reactions occur in most subjects at values \u200b\u200babove 3.0 mmol / L in adults and 2-3 mmol / L in children. The usual therapeutic level is 0.7-2.2 mmol / L.

Taking anamnesis

The person who asked for help complains of a certain malaise. Early symptoms of ASA poisoning include tinnitus, fever, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Serious poisoning results in mental status change, coma, noncardiac pulmonary edema, and death.

These questions are asked to the patient or his relatives during the initial examination:

1. How many pills were taken?

2. What type of cooking? Gastro-resistant?

3. When did the appointment take place?

4. Was the drug consumed all at once or was there a long-term consumption (chronic poisoning)?

5. Has the patient taken alcohol, drugs or other pills?

6. Has the patient vomited and has a desire to vomit?

7. Then they consumed activated carbon or took other measures todetoxify the body?

The answers to these questions allow for a more accurate picture of the state of health and the selection of appropriate treatment.

Poisoning symptoms

The pure toxicity of ASA is determined by "salicylism". The patient presents with the following symptoms:

· Ringing in the ears;

· Dizziness;

· Hyperventilation;

· Nausea, vomiting;

· Headache;

· Sweating.

Serious poisoning is characterized by:

· Irritability.

· Disorientation.

· Respiratory depression.

· Metabolic acidosis.

· Coma. With a severe prognosis, it is accompanied by cardiac arrest.

In acute poisoning, transitions from mild to severe symptoms occur.

NOTE. Serious symptoms occur after a few hours of latency, especially in children and with enteric tablets.

Critical acetylsalicylic acid poisoning

When using a critical dose of the drug, the following is observed:

· Respiratory depression, often after a period of hyperventilation.

· Effects on the central nervous system and mental changes: irritability, disorientation, speech disorders and hallucinations.

· Severe dehydration, especially in children.

· Low urine output.

· Bloody vomiting.

· Bleeding, primarily cutaneous, from the gastrointestinal tract.

· Elevated body temperature, but the absence of fever cannot rule out the diagnosis.

· In the most severe cases, respiratory depression, convulsions, and coma, often with cardiac arrest.

Analysis changes:

· Therapeutic concentration is 0.7-2.2 mmol / L, values \u200b\u200babove 2.9 mmol / L may be associated with toxicity.

· Values \u200b\u200babove 7.2 mmol / L are associated with mortality and are considered absolute for hemodialysis.

Plasma values \u200b\u200bshould be checked every two hours until two subsequent readings show decreasing values. An increase in plasma levels should not occur after 5-6 hours due to pylorospasm. When using enteric-coated tablets, it may take up to 35 hours before reaching the maximum value.

Laboratory research

Plasma salicylic acid monitoring allows assessment of response to treatment and the need for more aggressive action. With the help of laboratory tests, the following indicators are determined.

1. Creatinine. Knowledge of renal function in the form of serum creatinine is important as salicylate is excreted through the kidneys.

2. Potassium. Hypokalemia should be treated aggressively in patients with ASA poisoning because this condition weakens the ability to alkalinize urine.

3. Coagulation. An overdose of ASA causes hepatotoxicity and disrupts the metabolism of vitamin K, which leads to coagulopathy.

Clinically significant bleeding is rare, but if it occurs, the patient should seek urgent medical attention.

Signs of serious poisoning:

· Blood concentration\u003e 7 mmol / L is life-threatening. Serum concentration should be evaluated depending on the time of administration of the drug.

· Severe acidosis in the blood.

What to do in case of overdose

A person who has been poisoned with aspirin needs to take the following measures on his own.

1. If no more than 2 hours have passed since the reception, induce vomiting.
2. Take activated carbon. The 150 mg / ml cold mix is \u200b\u200beffective even without gastric emptying. Adults: 50 g of activated carbon, children: 100-150 ml (15-20 g of activated carbon).

After taking emergency measures at home and stabilizing the condition, medical attention is required. As with all poisoning, therapy consists of rapid assessment and stabilization of the airway and circulation.

The principle of treatment

In case of using aspirin in excessive doses, the patient should consult a doctor as soon as possible. He will assess the health risk and provide first aid.

Treatment goals:

· Provide vital functions.

· To minimize poisoning and harmful effects of the drug. Activated carbon will help reduce acid absorption.

· Relieve stomach pain. It is not uncommon that it occurs soon after a meal.

· Increase excretion by alkalizing urine output.

· Dialysis if necessary.

Plasma measurements of acetylsalicylic acid and acid-base substance should be carried out every two hours until they stabilize and the values \u200b\u200bbegin to decrease.

Poisoning therapy

Therapy consists of the following processes.

1. Alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate. At a normal pH of 7.40, most of the salicylic acid is in the ionic form, which does not pass well through the blood-brain barrier, in contrast to the undigested form (H + + Sal-\u003e HSal). If the pH rises, more HSal will be broken down into ions, which helps flush HSal out of the brain. Initially, the delivery of bicarbonate will increase plasma salicylate due to the release of salicylate from tissue. Alkalosis is not a contraindication for bicarbonate infusion, plasma pH is<7,60. РН мочи должен быть между 7,5 и 8.

2. Alkalinization of urine. It is effective because it increases the secretion of salicylate.

With an increase in urine pH from 6.5 to 8.1 by adding bicarbonate, the total excretion of salicylate increases fivefold or more.

4. Oxygen. Oxygen supplements should be given as needed. In the event of lung damage, there is a high demand for it.

5. Restoring water balance. The patient may be hypotensive, in part due to inappropriate systemic vasodilation. Aggressive fluid delivery is acceptable if there is no cerebral or pulmonary edema.

6. Glucose. ASA poisoning lowers CNS glucose despite normal peripheral blood sugar. Supplements with 100 ml 50% dextrose (adults) are considered in patients with altered mental status regardless of blood sugar.

7. Vitamin K supplements.

Symptomatic treatment of complications in the second stage of poisoning requires hemodialysis.

When is hemodialysis indicated?

The indications for its implementation are:

· Altered mental status.

· Pulmonary or cerebral edema.

· Renal failure that interferes with the secretion of salicylate.

· Fluid overload preventing bicarbonate flow.

· Plasma ASA more than 7.2 mmol / l.

· Clinical deterioration despite aggressive and adequate treatment.

To prescribe the procedure, the patient needs to consult a nephrologist.

Forecast and preventive measures

Overdose of ASA is one of the most serious types of poisoning. This condition is often misinterpreted and underestimated. The progression of complications causes metabolic acidosis, respiratory depression, coma, hypotension, heart failure.

Severe cerebral symptoms and severe acidosis due to acid poisoning indicate a poor prognosis, as well as rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Children have a worse prognosis than adults.

The following measures can be taken to minimize the risks:

· Storage of the drug at home in a hard-to-reach place. This precaution will protect against accidental use of aspirin by children.

· Appropriate informing citizens about the dangers of excessive use of acetylsalicylic acid.

Overdose is likely due to the following factors:

1. Self-therapy without considering possible contraindications.
2. Attempted suicide.
3. Treatment against the background of liver disease.
4. The use of pills by a small child as a result of parental carelessness.
5. Joint reception with alcohol.

An overdose of acetylsalicylic acid can occur in the following situations:

1. The child accidentally found the package and ate the pills.
2. Suicide.
3. Correct reception against the background of liver and kidney pathologies.
4. Exceeding the dosage, non-compliance with the instructions for the use of the medicinal product.

Therapeutic, not exceeded dose of ASA can cause poisoning when:

• the use of the drug along with alcoholic beverages;
• using expired tablets;
• taking Aspirin together with heparin;
• taking medication, despite the presence of contraindications to it.

How many ASA tablets can provoke an overdose and subsequent poisoning? A single intake of an overestimated dose can cause very acute intoxication. In this case, the concentration of acid in the patient's blood will show a figure of more than 300 μg / l. In the case of prolonged use of excessive doses, chronic poisoning with this medication may develop. In this situation, the level of acetylsalicylic acid in the blood will be about 150-300 μg / L.

The maximum allowable daily dose is three grams (six 0.5 g tablets). A dose of about 100 milligrams per kilogram of human body per day will already lead to poisoning. As for the lethal dose of Aspirin, it is 500 or more mg / kg per day. In case of an overdose of Aspirin, the consequences can be dire, up to and including death.

Like any drug, acetylsalicylic acid, taken in high dosage, can have not only a detrimental effect on the body, but also cause death. Aspirin overdose occurs for several reasons:

• Accidental use of a large number of tablets (usually by children)
• Uncontrolled independent use without taking into account contraindications
• Too long use
• Exceeding the recommended amount of aspirin in order to accelerate (enhance) the therapeutic effect
• Renal or hepatic impairment (in this case, taking even the recommended amount of medication may cause an overdose)
• Simultaneous administration of several drugs with salicylates.

Depending on the pill intake, overdose is acute and chronic. In the first case, intoxication develops after a single intake of large doses of the drug, or if the dose exceeded 100 mg per kilogram of body weight for more than 2 days. Chronic overdose develops as a result of prolonged intake of aspirin in excess of the daily norm.

In order to prevent an overdose, one must remember that no more than 3-4 g of acetylsalicylic acid per day can be taken without health consequences. The maximum amount for a single dose is 300-1000 mg. The lethal dose of aspirin for an adult is more than 500 mg per 1 kg of body weight.

The clinical picture of poisoning with Aspirin

In case of poisoning, it is important to provide first aid to the victim in time, for this it is necessary to recognize the symptoms. Possible acute and chronic intoxication with Aspirin.

With chronic intoxication, it is very difficult to make a quick diagnosis. An accurate diagnostic method is to determine the level of acetylsalicylic acid in human blood. Basically, the chronic form of poisoning is recorded in old age.

Symptoms of chronic intoxication with Aspirin:

• stomach ache;
• the presence of tinnitus;
• severe and excruciating nausea;
• vomiting;
• indigestion;
• decreased hearing acuity;
• headaches;
• excessive sweating;
• dyspnea;
• increased heart rate with light exercise or at rest;
• fainting;
• deafening.

The main danger of chronic poisoning is that there is a risk of bleeding, development of bronchial asthma. It is important to remember that prolonged overdose is fraught with increased heart failure.

Signs of acute overdose of ASA

Symptoms of an acute overdose of Aspirin appear 3-8 hours after taking an excessively high dose of the drug. There are three main degrees of poisoning severity.

• The mild form is characterized by the same clinical picture as chronic intoxication. However, impaired consciousness may occur.
• With a moderate overdose, difficulty breathing and rapid heartbeat, coughing up phlegm and mucus, and increased body temperature can be noted. As for the toxic effect, it is directed to the liver and kidneys, blood, lungs and nervous system. The rhythm of the heart contractions is disturbed, the development of bleeding of various localization is possible.
• In severe overdose, pulmonary edema and respiratory paralysis occur, which can be fatal. Patients have a severe cough, pallor and blue discoloration of the skin. If foam appears in the mouth, then the chances of salvation are very scanty. The body temperature rises, the blood pressure decreases, the pulse quickens and there are interruptions in the work of the heart. Stunnedness, drowsiness and fainting, convulsions and coma appear. If there is kidney damage, then the portion of the separated urine is noticeably reduced.

A rare but extremely severe complication of acute overdose of ASA is Reye's syndrome. It is characterized by the sudden appearance of indomitable vomiting, depression of consciousness. The pressure drops sharply, breathing and cardiac activity are disturbed. Intravascular blood coagulation develops. In most cases, this condition is fatal.

Aspirin overdose: symptoms, what to do, consequences

Possible acute and chronic poisoning:

1. In the first case, the patient's blood contains more than 300 mg / liter.
2. In the second, 150–300 mg / l is sufficient.

Sharp

Clinical picture:

1. Severe nausea leads to vomiting.
2. A person experiences euphoria, movement and speech are active.
3. Cephalalgia, dizziness appear.
4. There is noise in the ear canals, ringing, vision and hearing decrease.
5. The temperature rises.
6. Breathing becomes more frequent, shortness of breath develops.
7. Brady or tachycardia is likely.
8. Convulsions are observed.
9. Local bleeding occurs - subcutaneous, nasal. Clots can be found in feces and urine.
10. If first aid is not provided, coma and death are likely.

Chronic

Main features:

1. Hearing impairment.
2. Dyspepsia.
3. At rest, tachycardia.
4. Periodic increase in temperature outside the presence of inflammatory processes.
5. States of excitement and inhibition.
6. Slurred speech is possible.

Reye's syndrome

The main symptoms of poisoning:

• Repeated and indomitable vomiting on the background of neurological problems.
• Depression of consciousness and coma.
• Heart rhythm and breathing disorders.
• Arterial hypotension.
• Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.

Lethal dose

Depending on the condition of the person, age, the presence of chronic diseases, the amount of the drug varies:

1. Moderate option - 150-300 mg / kg.
2. Expressed - 300-500 mg / kg.
3. Fatal - more than 500 mg / kg.

1 tablet of Aspirin contains 0.25 g or 0.5 g of the active substance. Therefore, an overdose as a result of a single intake of 30 small pieces or 15 large ones is considered potentially dangerous for a child weighing 15 kg.

Preparations from the group of aspirins and their analogues are very popular among the population of our country and are widely used as an analgesic, antipyretic and blood thinning agent. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) tablets can be found in any home medicine cabinet, and almost no one doubts the safety of use.

Although such a harmless medicine can be poisoned. If the recommended doses are significantly exceeded and with prolonged use of the drug, an overdose of Aspirin may occur. Without detracting from the usefulness of this drug, let's not forget that everything is good in moderation. How can an overdose occur?

How does Aspirin affect the human body

Aspirin belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), whose action is based on the properties of acetylsalicylic acid.

1. These properties are manifested by analgesic, antipyretic and, of course, anti-inflammatory effects.
2. Thanks to Aspirin, the aggregation of platelets in the blood decreases, preventing the formation of their accumulations - blood clots. That is why Aspirin is almost always prescribed for people suffering from cerebral circulation disorders, angina pectoris and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
3. In addition, it is prescribed for patients with a diagnosis of atherosclerosis in order to prevent complications from the heart.
4. Finally, Aspirin is most often used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with high body temperature, with various pain syndromes, from migraines.

The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract almost completely, decomposed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. The list of side effects indicated in the annotation to the drug describes several dozen conditions associated with disorders of the internal organs and systems. However, all of them, as a rule, occur when the recommended dosage of the drug is not followed.

Why you can poison yourself with Aspirin

Usually, if the therapeutic dosage is observed and the patient has no contraindications, Aspirin shows almost no side effects and is well tolerated by patients. But large doses of the drug, especially with prolonged use, have a toxic effect on the body. As a result of an overdose, Aspirin poisoning may occur. This can happen in the following cases:

• with self-treatment with a drug that does not take into account the dosage, contraindications and other recommendations prescribed in the instructions for use;
• if a small child found an unattended package and ate pills;
• rarely - when you intentionally take large doses of the drug in order to accelerate the therapeutic effect or for another purpose;
• with significant impairment of the kidneys or liver, which the person taking Aspirin might not know about.

Depending on the amount of medication taken and the duration of its effect, Aspirin poisoning can be acute or chronic.

The clinical picture of chronic poisoning

The symptoms of chronic acetylsalicylic acid poisoning are quite difficult to recognize, as they are similar to the clinical picture of many chronic diseases. Only attentive households who have noticed a rapid decrease in the number of tablets in the package can suspect an overdose. If this circumstance is confirmed by the following symptoms, the victim needs immediate medical attention. Signs of intoxication may appear:

• headache;
• nausea, vomiting;
• increased sweating;
• hearing loss, "stunnedness";
• pain in the stomach;
• indigestion;
• tinnitus;
• anemia, a decrease in the level of platelets and leukocytes in the blood;
• loss of consciousness.

Chronic overdose can cause drug-induced bronchial asthma and bleeding, and prolonged overdose can increase the symptoms of heart failure and other dangerous consequences. The level of Aspirin in blood plasma in chronic poisoning ranges from 150 to 300 μg / l.

Signs of acute intoxication with Aspirin

With a one-time intake of high doses of Aspirin into the human body, acute poisoning occurs. Depending on the strength of the toxic effect, it can be of three degrees of severity.

Aspirin is a member of the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It has many indications (inflammatory pathologies, a tendency to thrombosis, hyperthermia, diseases of the heart, blood vessels and joints, and others) and contraindications.

During treatment with this drug, the dosage must be strictly observed. Otherwise, if it is exceeded, acute or chronic poisoning may develop.

In this article, you will learn what will happen if you drink a lot of acetylsalicylic acid tablets, what effect aspirin has in case of poisoning, what are the symptoms and consequences of an overdose of the drug, and you will also learn how to provide first aid to the patient in this case.

Overdose reasons

To avoid poisoning, you must correctly calculate the dose of the drug.

The dosage is calculated based on the patient's weight. Adults and children over 15 years old take 40 milligrams per 1 kilogram of body weight. This is a single dose.

The daily dose of aspirin should not exceed 3 grams, that is, 6 Aspirin tablets. In this case, the interval between doses should be at least 4 hours.

Symptoms of acute and chronic overdose

Acetylsalicylic acid overdose can be acute and chronic. It depends on the time of exposure and the dose of the drug.

Aspirin is widely recognized for its ability to reduce fever and thin the blood. It is one of the main components of home first aid kits. For many patients, this drug helps to improve their health.

But can acetylsalicylic acid be fraught with danger? Moreover, is it possible to poison yourself with aspirin? If this happens, then how to see intoxication, what help will be needed? How to treat an overdose, are there any consequences? How does acetylsalicylic acid work on the body? There are many questions, we need to deal with them.

The effect of aspirin on the body

Aspirin has many analogues, but all of them are made on the basis of acetylsalicylic acid. This drug belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelet agents. It relieves pain, inflammation, and has an antipyretic effect. By reducing platelet aggregation, the drug prevents the formation of blood clots.

Aspirin is completely absorbed in the digestive tract. Its decay occurs in the liver, and excretion through the kidneys. Aspirin is used for acute colds accompanied by fever, migraines, pain from inflammation, in order to prevent cardiovascular complications in people with atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident and other cardiovascular diseases.

Causes of aspirin poisoning

As with any drug in high doses, aspirin can be poisonous. The reasons for an overdose of aspirin are as follows.

1. Treatment without a doctor's prescription, when the admission is carried out in the wrong dose or without taking into account contraindications.
2. Deliberate excess of the therapeutic dosage (it is very rare).
3. If taken correctly in case of significant impairment of liver and / or kidney function.
4. When a child finds a medicine box.

Aspirin poisoning is acute and chronic.

A single intake of a large dose for two days leads to the development of acute intoxication. In this case, the concentration of acetylsalicylic acid in the blood will exceed 300 μg / l.

If the maximum daily dose has been exceeded for a long time, chronic poisoning develops. The content of the drug in the blood in this case is 150-300 μg / l.

Diagnostics

If a patient is admitted to the toxicology department with a suspicion of an overdose of acetylsalicylic acid, an examination is immediately started:

1. Find out from the persons accompanying the patient or the patient himself what he took and in what quantity. If a person drank another drug or alcoholic drink at the same time as Aspirin, be sure to inform the doctor.
2. To determine the concentration of a substance, laboratory blood tests are prescribed, for detection in urine, special test strips.
3. When damage to internal organs is suspected, hardware methods are used.

Based on the results of the examination, the therapy program is adjusted.

Treatment methods

The therapy regimen includes:

1. Forced diuresis with Furosemide.
2. Alkalinization of blood with sodium bicarbonate.
3. Elimination of bleeding with Dicinon or Etamzilat, with significant surgical intervention.
4. Restoration of blood volume with significant loss by hemodesis, Reopolyglucin.
5. Using a pressure chamber or oxygen bag.
6. Introduction of hepatoprotectors - Karsil, Essentiale, Heptral.
7. The use of benzodiazepines for seizures.

What the prognosis will be depends largely on the severity of the condition, the time of assistance. It must be remembered that a severe overdose is fatal.

Antidote

There is no specific antidote, but the use of general sorbents can treat intoxication.

Properties of a familiar remedy

Aspirin belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Its active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid (or salicylic ester of acetic acid). The mechanism of its action is the irreversible suppression of platelet aggregation (the possibility of gluing) and neutralization of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme that promotes the formation of arachidonic acid, a substance responsible for the development of the inflammatory process.

Due to its ability to thin the blood, acetylsalicylic acid is actively used in drugs for the prevention of CVD diseases, the prevention of heart attacks and strokes. But this property contributes to the occurrence and intensification of internal bleeding - depending on the dose of aspirin taken - by 50-100%. Moreover, the effect of the drug persists for 2 days after cancellation.

After ingestion, the active substance of aspirin is very quickly absorbed - a significant part from the small intestine, a smaller part in its wall. After that, the active substance binds to blood proteins and spreads freely throughout the body. The highest level of concentration of the substance in the blood is reached five hours after taking the tablets on an empty stomach. If aspirin is taken with food, then its maximum values \u200b\u200bare recorded after 8 hours.

The splitting of the drug is carried out by the liver, and the excretion is carried out by the kidneys. The duration of the process depends on the amount of the drug taken, the ability of liver enzymes to convert acetylsalicylic acid, and the state of the kidneys. A healthy body copes with the withdrawal of small doses of acid in 2-3 hours, clearing a large amount of the drug takes about 15-30 hours.

Aspirin properties, indications for use

Aspirin has a huge number of analogues, but they are all made on the basis of acetylsalicylic acid. This drug is considered an anti-inflammatory, non-steroidal drug, and also belongs to antiplatelet agents. It has antipyretic and analgesic properties, reduces blood clotting and prevents the development of inflammatory processes.

Despite this, exceeding the prescribed dosage, you can easily get poisoned. At the same time, the useful qualities of the drug turn into negative ones: inhibition of the blood coagulation system creates a risk of bleeding, ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa, especially the stomach.

ASA is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted through the kidneys, and decomposition occurs in the liver.

Indications for the use of Aspirin:

• increased body temperature;
• migraine;
• inflammatory processes with pain syndrome;
• rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis;
• cardiovascular pathology (myocarditis);
• cardiac ischemia;
• atherosclerosis;
• prevention of myocardial infarction, thrombosis and embolism.

For pregnant women and nursing mothers, taking acetylsalicylic acid is possible only as directed by a doctor. The uncontrolled use of Aspirin by pregnant women can lead to anomalies in the development of the child, to weakening of labor and other negative consequences. ASA easily penetrates into breast milk, therefore, if a nursing mother drinks an Aspirin tablet, the baby may develop stomach bleeding.

In pediatric practice, the use of Aspirin for children under 15 years of age is prohibited due to the risk of Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy, cerebral edema, liver damage).

The main indication for the use of acetylsalicylic acid is pain syndrome of any origin (headache, toothache, muscle pain). Aspirin can even cope with pain in the joints, which are especially drug resistant.

The second indication for the use of acetylsalicylic acid is an increase in body temperature in infectious diseases and in other diseases. Aspirin allows you to quickly and gently lower the temperature.

Repeated use of aspirin tablets for persistent fever or persistent pain is not recommended due to the significant increase in the risk of side effects of the drug. In this case, the patient is advised to seek medical attention. The consequences of an overdose of acetylsalicylic acid are very serious.

First aid for overdose

To remove Aspirin in case of poisoning, medical treatment is necessary. At home, before the arrival of the team of doctors, you can reduce the symptoms and risks of death by resorting to the following procedures:

• Stop taking the drug.
• The stomach is washed with 1–1.5 liters of a weak solution of potassium permanganate or warm water. If the dosage was exceeded more than an hour ago, the measure is ineffective.
• They clean the food tract with sorbents - activated carbon, Enterosgel, Lactofiltrum, Polysorb are used as an antidote.
• A saline laxative is recommended - magnesium sulfate.

What can you do if you notice symptoms of poisoning? In case of suspicion, it is important to urgently consult a doctor. In the meantime, you need to rinse the stomach and provoke vomiting, take activated charcoal, as it perfectly helps with any poisoning. You can give the victim a saline laxative (magnesium sulfate). If there is a severe degree of intoxication, it is important to urgently deliver the patient to the hospital, where he can be provided with qualified assistance.

In the hospital, the victim will be given a high-quality gastric lavage, forced diuresis, which means intravenous drip infusion of the solution, taking diuretics. If necessary, cardiac drugs are administered, symptomatic therapy and hemodialysis are carried out. Thus, if you suspect intoxication with Aspirin, you cannot self-medicate, it is important to urgently consult a doctor.

First aid for suspected intoxication with acetylsalicylic acid is an ambulance call. Before the arrival of medical workers, try to induce vomiting, give the victim activated carbon. Gastric lavage is performed through a tube in a clinic or at home under the supervision of an emergency doctor.

Treatment tactics depend on the degree of intoxication and the patient's age. Compulsory hospitalization, regardless of the severity of the condition, is subject to the elderly, infants, children under 3 years of age, persons who have deliberately taken high doses of aspirin, with suspicion of a chronic form of poisoning.

Therapy for intoxication with salicylates is carried out in 3 stages:

• cessation of drug intake into the body;
• forcing diuresis, it is possible to carry out hemodialysis;
• prevention and elimination of dehydration.

According to indications, prescribe cardiac drugs, symptomatic treatment.

Standard patient management technique:

1. After gastric lavage, vaseline oil is introduced through a tube.
2. After 1 hour, an anti-burn emulsion, 0.5 liters of baking soda solution is introduced into the stomach.
3. Taking diuretics by mouth or drip.
4. With the development of bleeding, hemostatic agents. Medicines "Vikasol", aminocaproic acid. Blood transfusion may be prescribed.
5. With severe intoxication - hemodialysis.

Patients are shown bed rest for 3 days.

Identification of symptoms of an overdose in a person is an indication for the beginning of first aid. In this case, the following simple activities are performed:

1. It is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach until clean wash water appears (see. Gastric lavage). This method allows you to remove excess acetylsalicylic acid from the body and prevent its further absorption. Washing is carried out in the following way: a person is given 1-1.5 liters of clean water to drink, after which they induce vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue.
2. Reception of enterosorbents (activated carbon, Enterosgel) should be carried out in the first hours after an overdose of acetylsalicylic acid. These drugs bind aspirin in the lumen of the stomach and intestines, disrupting the processes of its absorption and removal from the body.
3. It is always necessary to seek medical attention in case of symptoms of poisoning.

These first aid measures are very simple and can be performed by the victim himself. After they are provided and the patient is hospitalized, special medical care is provided with the use of intravenous infusions, increased urine output, and dialysis.

What will happen in case of an overdose of acetylsalicylic acid? The person develops symptoms of acute or chronic poisoning that pose a serious health hazard. In this regard, it is necessary to monitor the intake of aspirin and other medicines, and also keep them out of the reach of children. It is important to remember that preventing poisoning is much easier than curing it.

Possible consequences

Complications from Aspirin Poisoning:

• acute renal, hepatic failure;
• damage to lung tissue;
• toxic hepatitis;
• ulcers of the stomach and duodenal ulcer;
• bleeding;
• metabolic ketoacidosis;
• coma.

If timely assistance is not provided as a result of an overdose with Aspirin, death is stated.

For adults, the safe dose of Aspirin is 650 mg, which is 2 tablets (!). It can only be increased by a doctor if necessary. Take your medicine, then wait an hour. If there is noise or ringing in the ear, this is a sign of an overdose. If Aspirin is prescribed for you for a course of treatment, tell your doctor about the symptom of an overdose, let him adjust the dose.

Acecitsalicylic acid, especially its large amount, acts as a blood-thinning substance that interferes and changes the composition, also irritates the walls of the esophagus, stomach, and the entire gastrointestinal tract.

Therefore, the first symptoms of poisoning appear precisely in:

• Vomiting or nausea;
• Pain, burning sensation;
• Blood in the stool;
• Sometimes it is nosebleed;
• Temporary hearing loss;
• Temporary disturbance of habitual visual indicators.
• Aspirin poisoning will pass without consequences if you turn to specialists in time.

So the risk of poisoning increases the simultaneous consumption of alcohol. Yes, doctors do not get tired of repeating: drink the medicines only with water! And it is advisable to drink a full or at least half a glass of liquid. Not tea, not juice, especially not alcohol, you can not drink medicine. You also need to be treated in a sober, sane state.

A severe overdose lets you know with the following symptoms:

1. Consciousness is confused;
2. Thinking is disturbed, confused;
3. Clarity, sobriety of mind is lost;
4. Shortness of breath appears, even without physical effort;
5. Drowsiness increases;
6. Tremor;
7. Sometimes suffocation appears;
8. The liquid level drops sharply, leading to dehydration;
9. Depression occurs;
10. The harmony of carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed.

Moreover, if you do not contact specialists in time, a fatal outcome is possible. Watch yourself carefully after taking Aspirin, track the number of pills given to a sick relative, keep track of the time of taking, so that there is enough time between sessions. After all, the doctor can reveal the severity of the poisoning only after learning the dose of the medicine:

1. If less than 150 mg, calculated on body weight, the poisoning is mild, there may even be no symptoms;
2. When the dose is 150 or 300 mg / kg, it is mild to moderate poisoning. One or two of the listed symptoms are possible;
3. Dose from 300 to 500 mg / kg - severe poisoning (urgent help is needed);
4. More than 500 mg / kg is an almost fatal poisoning (this is about 60 tablets, each 500 mg, a child needs much less for poisoning, 10 g).

In order not to start the situation, you need to carefully monitor the symptoms that indicate an overdose. After all, it precedes poisoning. If treatment with Aspirin gave the following symptoms:

• There is noise in one or two ears at once;
• Dizziness occurs;
• Revealed tachycardia;
• Reduced pressure;
• Nausea, even vomiting;
• Breathing quickens;
• Wheezing appears;
• Bleeding;
• Severe drowsiness;
• Allergic reaction.

The latter may appear unexpectedly, even among non-allergy sufferers who have not previously experienced a reaction of this kind. A person could be treated with Aspirin for many years, and the body did not accept it as an allergen, but here it manifested itself. Allergy manifests itself in itching or shortness of breath, anaphylactic shock occurs.

Be sure to contact a doctor, and if it was self-medication, immediately stop taking Aspirin and go to the clinic nearest to the house. There, be sure to inform when and how many pills you took, how long the "course" lasts and what you were actually treating for.

If a person does not pay enough attention to the symptoms, then the continuation of treatment will manifest itself in more serious signs:

1. The onset of hallucinations;
2. Hearing loss (partial or even complete);
3. Severe, even pathological bleeding;
4. Confusion, clouding of consciousness;
5. The onset of convulsions;
6. Increased drowsiness (possibly persistent);
7. Increased sweating;
8. Unreasonable fever;
9. Constant thirst (due to dehydration);
10. Vision problems (falls heavily).

An ordinary doctor is unlikely to help here, we need toxicologists who work with emergency poisoning. When the overdose is serious, the consequences are severe, up to 10% dehydration. Children show anxiety, high excitability. The cause of death is lack of breathing, which will cause pulmonary or cerebral edema, bleeding, shock or severe electrolyte disturbances.

Sometimes a poisoned person can no longer stop using Aspirin on his own or cannot call for help. Keep a close eye on loved ones when they are prescribed medication courses. You can poison yourself with any drug. Confusing the dosage or not waiting for the effect, people double the dose, believing that four tablets instead of two will "cope" faster.

Alas, pharmacology does not live up to the adage "more is better", this science encourages extreme precision and increased attention to drugs. Taking Aspirin should be monitored by family members at home and by a doctor at a distance. Especially when a child or teenager is undergoing treatment. After all, children are given drugs by their parents, and teenagers often take their drugs themselves. Here you need to monitor constantly.

Mild to moderate intoxication passes without harm to health with proper treatment. The likelihood of developing multiple organ failure is low.

Long-term intoxication with acetylsalicylic acid poses a particular danger. Possible consequences:

• renal failure;
• severe liver damage;
• violation of higher nervous activity, brain functions;
• bronchial asthma - the danger of the form lies in the fact that after recovery, an attack can begin with the use of any drugs of the NSAID group, which are effective antipyretic and analgesic agents;
• an ulcer caused by acid damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines.

Symptoms of a chronic aspirin overdose

Chronic intoxication is difficult to diagnose. Usually, relatives can tell for sure when they find the package of a recently purchased drug is empty. The most reliable diagnostic method is the determination of the content of acetylsalicylic acid in the blood. More often, chronic intoxication occurs in elderly people.

In chronic aspirin overdose, the symptoms will be as follows:

• noise in ears;
• indigestion;
• stomach ache;
• hearing loss;
• nausea, vomiting;
• sweating;
• headache;
• anemia, a decrease in the level of leukocytes and blood platelets;
• stunnedness, loss of consciousness.

Chronic intoxication is dangerous by provoking bleeding, the development of medicinal bronchial asthma. Prolonged excess of the dose may increase heart failure.

Symptoms of Acute Aspirin Poisoning

Acute poisoning has 3 degrees of severity. With mild - the symptoms will be the same as with chronic intoxication, only consciousness in this case will not be impaired.

An overdose of moderate severity is manifested by increased frequency and difficulty in breathing, a cough with mucous sputum appears, and body temperature begins to rise. The toxic effect is directed to the nervous system, lungs, kidneys, liver, blood.

Severe overdose of acetylsalicylic acid causes respiratory failure in victims with a transition to pulmonary edema. It is accompanied by an even greater rapidity of breathing, coughing, blanching of the skin, followed by blue discoloration. When foam appears at the mouth, at this stage of pulmonary edema, rarely anyone can be saved.

Body temperature reaches high levels. Blood pressure gradually decreases, the pulse is speeded up, patients feel interruptions in the work of the heart. Before the loss of consciousness, which develops gradually, there is a small period of arousal. Drowsiness and dullness appear first. Then the victim falls into a coma. Convulsions develop.

With kidney damage, urination decreases. A life-threatening violation of the electrolyte balance of the blood develops. Plasma sodium increases and potassium decreases.

Poisoning is characterized by the development of toxic encephalopathy (brain disease). In mild cases, it manifests itself as general weakness, distracted attention, irritability, poor sleep, sluggishness, apathy, and anxiety. With further progression, consciousness is impaired.

Aspirin overdose ends in death from acute hepatic or renal failure, pulmonary edema, paralysis of the centers of the brain that control breathing and cardiac activity.

First aid and further treatment

After seeing signs of an aspirin overdose, what can you do? If there is a suspicion of poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor. While the ambulance is on the way to the patient, try to induce vomiting, and then give activated charcoal. In the future, the intake of sorbents continues for several more days. In case of severe aspirin poisoning, the victim should be taken to a hospital as soon as possible.

In the clinic, the stomach is washed, forced diuresis is performed, which implies intravenous drip administration of solutions, and then diuretics. The treatment also includes correction of the ionic and water balance of the blood. If necessary, cardiac drugs are administered, symptomatic treatment is carried out. Hemodialysis is also prescribed if there is severe acetylsalicylic acid poisoning.

Consequences of an aspirin overdose

Preventive actions

In order not to poison yourself with acetylsalicylic acid, it is enough to follow a few recommendations:

1. Use only after consulting a doctor, especially if the use of other medicines is expected at the same time.
2. Keep out of the reach of children.
3. Discontinue therapy at the slightest side effects.
4. Do not combine treatment with drinking alcohol.

If there are risks of poisoning, it is better not to use Aspirin, but replace it with drugs such as Paracetamol, Validol, Heparin.

A simple poisoning, which provoked excessive use of aspirin, gives insignificant consequences, but a more severe one is fraught with dangerous diseases: toxic encephalopathy, ulcers, renal or liver failure and other ailments, which ultimately end in disability.

In this regard, it is important to follow the rules for storing medicines and, most importantly, keep them out of the reach of children.

In no case should you violate the doses indicated by the doctor or in the instructions and take the medicine more often than it should be.

When the need arose for the use of other drugs, the doctor who prescribed the aspirin treatment should be notified.

Keep track of the expiration date of drugs and buy them at the pharmacy only from well-known manufacturers. After all, poisoning can also be provoked by the use of counterfeits, of which there are not so few on the pharmaceutical market.

All these simple measures will help you prevent the unwanted effects of the toxic effects of the drug on the body and maintain your health. So be careful and don't get sick!