Baby reins for safety and walking training. Methodology for teaching children of different age groups to walk

WALKING is a cyclical movement, a natural way for a child to move.

The load when walking depends on its pace and energy consumption during its implementation. The pace of walking can be normal, moderate, fast, etc.

Walking is a challenging movement.

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Methodology for teaching children to walk, exercises in balance.

WALKING - cyclical movement, natural way of movement of the child.

The load when walking depends on its pace and energy consumption during its implementation. The pace of walking can be normal, moderate, fast, etc.

Walking is a challenging movement.

It has a significant physiological effect on the body: while walking, more than 60% of the muscles are involved in work, metabolic and respiratory processes are activated; the work of the cardiovascular, nervous and other systems of the body increases.

TYPES OF WALKING

Normal walking,

Walking on toes, on heels,

Walking with a high knee lift

Walking with a long stride

Walking with side steps (straight and sideways),

Walking roll from heel to toe,

Walking in a half-squat and squat,

Walking lunges

Walking with a cross step,

Gymnastic walking.

Defining the condition for the formation of walking is learning... Forming the skill of correct walking in a child, the teacher educates him to coordinate the movement of arms and legs, balance, correct posture, which develops and strengthens the arch of the foot.

LEARNING METHODS OF WALKING

V YOUNGER AGEthey pay special attention to the coordination of movements of the arms and legs while walking, teach children to swing their arms freely, develop their orientation in space (do not bump into objects, quickly stop at a signal, etc.).

Due to the weakness of the extensor muscles, many children of younger preschool age cannot hold their torso evenly and often slouch. This can lead to poor posture. Therefore, be sure to remind your child not to hunch over or lower his head while walking. With the correct position of the head, the back straightens and the chest expands.

Walking children MIDDLE AGEDbecomes more confident and clear. However, some people still have a violation of the rhythm of walking., insufficiently energetic swing of the arms, weak repulsion with the toe at the end of the step.

The main requirement for teaching children of this age group to walk correctly is to teach a child to perform this movement easily, confidently, with the correct ratio of the work of arms and legs. Preschoolers 5 years old are recommended to walk with a change in pace and direction (as directed by an adult), stepping over objects (cubes, balls) that stand on the floor at a distance of 35-45 cm, etc.

V SENIOR PRESCHOOLwalking movements are improved thanks to accumulation of motor experience.Most children 6 years old walk with the correct coordination of arms and legs, with a clear step, with the feet on the heel and then rolling onto the toes, which contributes to a more vigorous repulsion from the soil.

With children of this age group, they continue to improve their walking skills. The main attention is paid to the formation of correct posture during movement, the development of a clear and rhythmic step, a natural and wide swing of the arms. Exercises for attention and endurance while walking are useful for them: stop at a signal, take a certain pose, make a turn and continue moving, etc.

In older preschool age, walking is used:

1) with a high rise of the thigh, which strengthens the muscles of the back, abdominals and legs, requires a strong wave of the arms, which contributes to the development of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and strengthens the ligamentous and articular apparatus;

2) walking with a cross step, which develops dexterity;

3) walking with a side step;

4) with various tasks performed on a signal - for orientation in space, changing the pace, direction, with various rearrangements, between objects; walking with additional hand movements, with objects; walking on a reduced support area with a gradual rise in height, as well as at different heights (bridges, boards, logs), contributing to the education of a sense of balance, endurance, composure, dexterity, economy of movements.

Children of the 7th YEAR OF LIFE with targeted guidance, they move well and freely, have correct posture, coordination of movements, orientate themselves in various conditions and use various walking techniques in this regard, successfully master its technique.

In order to improve walking, they are offered more complex exercises: walking in a squat - the legs are bent at the knees, during a step, the leg is placed on the foot from the heel, then, with a roll onto the toe, push-off is performed from the plane.

Preschoolers of all age groups recommend walking with a gymnastic stick on the shoulders, shoulder blades, behind the back and in front of the chest as an exercise, with a bag on the head (weighing 500 g), and with fixed position of the hands (hands on the belt, behind the head, to the sides). These types of walking are widely used in morning exercises.

They also benefit from walking at a faster and slower pace.; walking on toes, heels, and the inside and outside of the foot, with a high rise of the thigh. These exercises are performed in the form of imitation exercises: walk, "like a clubfoot bear", "horse", "heron", "chanterelle", etc. It is advisable to alternate these types of imitation walking with ordinary walking. All these exercises contribute to the development of the muscles of the musculoskeletal system and the prevention of flat feet.

Walking exercises offered to preschoolers are accompanied by a variety of tasks. For example, walking with a change of direction (as directed by an adult), back forward, with closed eyes, with a change of pace and with stops at a signal; with hand movements (claps in the palms above the head, in front of the chest, behind the back, etc.); walking "over bumps" (circles drawn on the ground at a distance of 40-50 cm from one another); with stepping over objects (cubes, boxes, pebbles) on the floor (ground) at a distance of 30-45 cm; walking alternating with running.

The first step is one of the most exciting moments in a child's development. Moms and dads are always looking forward to when their baby learns the skill of independent movement on legs. And at some point, parents begin to think about how to teach a child to walk so that he can do it without support.

At what age do children begin to walk

According to a conditional rate based on statistical data, babies begin to walk at the age of 9 to 16 months. But each child is individual, therefore, going beyond the specified framework is not a mandatory sign of any developmental pathology. There are children who get to their feet at 7 months, and after a while they are already walking. Others, on the contrary, have not yet mastered the skill of independent walking at a year and a half. It depends on various factors:

• Heredity. Doctors usually ask at what age mom and dad learned a particular skill. If one of the parents started to walk late in childhood, most likely, the baby will also not be in a hurry to take the first step.
• Body type. Strong children usually find all skills more difficult, so they also begin to walk later than their thin and light peers.
• The gender of the child. Girls often outstrip boys in development, this also applies to the skill of independent walking.
• The degree of development of body muscles and a sense of balance. This factor largely depends on the parents, who, with the help of exercise, can help the baby to strengthen the muscles and learn how to maintain balance.
• Temperament. Calm and contemplative children can crawl longer and walk later than active toddlers seeking to satisfy their curiosity.
• Psychological atmosphere in the house. Constant fights in the family can lead to stress in the baby. He will not try to walk on his own until he feels completely safe.

Advance and lateness

Do not rush your child to get up and take the first step. If this happens too early, not because of the individual characteristics of the baby, but because of the excessive activity and desire of the parents, the consequences can be negative. The baby's muscles are not yet sufficiently strengthened and are not ready to withstand the weight of his body. This is especially true for overweight children. The result of this parental haste can be hallux valgus of the legs and feet.

A different situation develops when the child is already 16-17 months old, and he still has not begun to walk. The reasons can be different: from a weakened baby's immunity to more serious disorders, such as the consequences of a birth injury. In this case, you cannot do without consulting specialists. If doctors have not identified any deviations in the development of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system, the delay may correspond to the individual rhythm of the child's development.

How to tell if your baby is ready to walk

Before starting to teach a child to walk independently, parents should observe him to determine if he is ready for it.

The kid is physically and psychologically ready to start walking if he is able to:

• get up on your feet, holding on to a fixed support, sit down from this position;
• get up off your knees on your own;
• be in an upright position for a long time;
• stand without support;
• make attempts to move by holding onto furniture or walls;
• release the support to take 1 or 2 steps.

Recipe for the occasion::

Preliminary preparation

The correct gait in a child must be developed even before he begins to walk. Special exercises will help develop the baby's muscles and speed up the development of the independent walking skill:

• Place the child on his back and grab his ankles with both hands. Bending the baby's legs at the knees, place them flat on the floor. Take 2-3 "steps", moving your legs forward, then back. Repeat 4-5 times. When performing this exercise, which develops the correct positioning of the feet, it is important to ensure that the child does not curl his toes.
• Put the baby on the fitball with his stomach, holding it under his arms. Slightly roll back and forth, touching the crumbs' feet to the wall and stimulating him to straighten his legs when pushing off. Repeat 5-7 times.
• Put the baby on its back. Holding a wooden stick at the height of the baby's straightened legs, ask him to reach the stick with his feet. The goal is to achieve a right-angle leg raise, without bending at the knees.
• Place the baby on the floor so that his feet are fully pressed to the floor. Take the child by the hands and ask him to sit down, spreading his knees to the sides, then stand up. When getting up, lift the arms of the crumbs up so that he stands on his toes.
• Place the child on the floor with his back to you. Hold the knees with one hand, preventing them from bending, with the other hand - for the stomach. Ask the baby to bend over to pick up the toy lying in front of him, then straighten up. Repeat 3-4 times.

Walking Exercises

The following complex is designed to be performed with children who are confidently standing on their legs:

• Place the child on the floor with his back to you, holding his stomach with one hand. With the other hand, take the baby by the shin, lifting the baby's leg bent at the knee. Keep in the raised position for 5-7 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times with the right and left legs.
• Starting position - as in exercise No. 1. Holding the child's bent leg with your hand, make a movement that simulates stepping over an obstacle (slightly straightening the leg forward and downward). Repeat 3-5 times, alternating legs.
• SP - as in exercise No. 1. Put a large book or a strong box 6-7 cm high in front of the child. Taking the baby's leg by the ankle and bending at the knee, place it on a “step”, pressing the foot firmly to the surface. While supporting the child, help him lean on this leg by straightening it and climbing onto the box. Put the other leg side by side. Go down again and repeat 3-5 times with each leg. When it starts to work out well, you can put 2-3 steps of different heights.
• Turn the child with his back to you, holding it under the armpits and placing his feet on your own. Walk a little around the room so that the baby can understand the principle and consolidate this movement for himself.
• Put a small light ball in front of the baby. Taking the child's slightly bent leg with your hand, hit the ball with it. Repeat 4-5 times with each leg. After that, you can invite the baby to try to kick the ball on its own.

When the child has mastered walking, it is important to make sure that his gait is correct: the baby should put his feet parallel and not too wide apart.

Stimulating interest in walking

Until the kid understands that independent movement is an interesting activity, thanks to which you can learn and see a lot of new things, he will not have an incentive to learn to walk. Parents will have to be smart to encourage their child to break away from the support.

• Offer the toy to the child standing near the support. The kid will take it with one hand. After that, offer him another, no less attractive toy. To take it, the child will have to let go of the other hand, standing without support.
• Place several chairs at a short distance from each other, placing interesting objects on them. The child will be able to move from one of them to another. Over time, the chairs move further and further apart.
• Playing together with parents is the most interesting thing that can be offered to a child. The kid will like to storm sofas together with mom and dad and overcome small obstacles from various household items (pillows, bolsters, etc.).
• The example of other children who can walk and even run well will help to encourage the child to move independently. Let the baby watch how those who are no longer led by the hand are having fun on the playground.

Helper devices

Walkers

These devices are designed more for the convenience of parents than for the development of children. Walkers give the mother an opportunity to free her hands while watching the baby so that she can do something around the house. They soften the blows against surrounding objects, provide the baby with some independence and mobility. The kid cannot fall or bump into an acute angle. But you cannot leave the child in the walker for a long time, this can harm the child's body.

• The process of teaching a child to walk will not speed up because other muscle groups are involved in the walker. The baby with the toes of the legs pushes off the support, and does not step over, as it should be when walking. This can further provoke the wrong walking option - on toes.
• A child placed too early in a walker may miss an important developmental stage such as crawling. As a result, his muscles and joints will not be properly prepared for upright posture. In the walker, the vertical load on the weak spinal column increases, which in the future can lead to poor posture and more serious consequences.
• This movement does not involve or strengthen the muscles in the back, which can lead to problems with the spine.

For healthy children, it is permissible to be in the walker no more than 30-40 minutes a day. The devices are categorically contraindicated for babies with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, suffering from rickets, having decreased or increased muscle tone, as well as children who still cannot sit confidently.

Wheelchair walkers

Unlike the walkers, in which the baby sits, the wheelchair walkers are designed for children who stand confidently on their feet. The child pushes such walkers in front of him, moving freely. Kids like bright and interesting adaptations, because on their front part there are usually various developmental toys. With such helpers, even the most careful children will be able to master the skill of walking without fear of falling.

Reins for children

Designed to support a poorly balanced toddler who is learning to walk. The device allows moms and dads to protect the baby from falling. At the same time, parents do not need to bend over and strain their backs.

The danger lies in the fact that with the help of such a leash, you cannot teach a child to keep balance. He will get used to the fact that there is no need to be careful when falling. But the baby must learn to fall in order to avoid serious injuries.

Choosing your first shoe

Choosing the right first shoe is very important for the health of your baby's musculoskeletal system. It reliably protects the baby's legs from mechanical damage, and also helps to shape the child's feet. High-quality and correctly selected shoes will help give the baby stability and make his first steps more confident.

To determine the size, you need to put the baby on a sheet of thick paper or cardboard and circle each foot with a pencil. With a cut out stencil, you can go to the store. If one foot turns out to be slightly larger, the size should be selected according to it.

It is better to opt for children's shoes that meet the following criteria:

• made from natural materials;
• light in weight;
• has a high heel counter for a firm and secure heel fixation;
• with a closed round toe;
• the sole is non-slip and not overly soft, has a raised surface and a heel of about 0.5 centimeters;
• securely fixes the leg at the ankle.

Many parents immediately buy orthopedic shoes for their baby. This type of footwear is medical and is purchased only for medical reasons. The recommendation for wearing orthopedic shoes is given by a specialist, taking into account diagnoses confirmed by X-rays.

You should not buy shoes one size larger. In shoes that do not fit in size and dangle on their feet, the baby will begin to tuck the socks inward, constantly keeping the knees bent.

To teach your baby to walk, you must first prepare him for this. It is necessary to stimulate the child to new achievements, while focusing on his mood. If the baby refuses to do something, you cannot insist and coerce, this can completely discourage him from moving around on his own and postpone the development of the walking skill for an indefinite time.

The first steps of a child are a welcome joy for parents, however, such joy can be overshadowed by a large number of falls and related injuries. Reins for children can provide complete safety for beginners to walk.

This rather simple device is useful for controlling a child who is just learning to walk and is uncertainly standing on his legs. A reins or a leash for teaching a child to walk will be useful for those parents who are physically unable to lead the baby by the hands (for example, with back pain), who are often with the baby in crowded places (train station, shopping centers), and for those who want facilitate a period of rapid growth of the child's physical activity. The reins are also convenient for those who have children of the same age or twins.

Manufacturers offer several models of baby walking reins depending on the age and personal preference of the parents.

What to keep in mind when choosing reins for your baby?

1. Security... When choosing reins, check how strong the lines and anchors are. When walking, do not allow your child to play with the leash or drive other children with the reins. Do not choose reins that are fixed with Velcro, their child will be able to unfasten them on their own.
2. Comfort... When buying reins, consider the degree of comfort of the device: the materials should not rub the child's skin or squeeze him while moving.

Some parents, who consider reins to be a good and useful device, are stopped by the price of buying reins. In this case, many mothers are wondering how to make the reins for the child on their own. We offer you a master class on sewing the simplest model of children's reins. You don't need to be a professional seamstress to do this, and you can even do without a sewing machine.

DIY reins for children

To make a leash, you will need 4 meters of textile sling and 4 fastexes (semi-automatic plastic fastener). To correctly calculate the length of the lines, you should measure the child and add a few centimeters for clothing and smell.

Modern manufacturers of children's devices offer consumers a lot of colorful gadgets. They are designed for the correct physical development of children and meet all safety rules. Bright, attractive, with additional game panels, children's exercise equipment and devices are very popular in the domestic market. They all have significant and compelling benefits. But along with the pluses, these items have a negative impact on the physical development of the child.

Jumpers are the enemy of the child's spine

Parents begin to use this children's sports trainer even before the baby begins to move independently. It is believed that jumpers bring a lot of pleasure to the child. But they give pleasure only to mommy, who can do household chores for a while.

A child, being in jumps and left without parental attention, quickly loses interest in jumping. In addition, the device limits the child's freedom of movement and can harm his natural development. Pushing off the floor with two legs, the baby gets used to these movements, and without a walker will try to resume the same movements. As a result, regular falls will affect independent walking.

Do not forget about the child's fragile spine. When jumping in jumpers, the main load falls on the back. Therefore, frequent jumps in the device will lead to curvature of the spine.

Jumpers are highly undesirable for children who have skin injuries in the area of ​​contact with the parts of the device. Jumpers squeeze the baby's crotch quite hard and can cause allergic reactions.

Walkers: traumatic and useless

Many parents believe that walkers accelerate the development of their baby. And they are very mistaken in this. This adaptation affects only the muscle group that is responsible for the formation of gait. Of course, it is very convenient to put the child in a walker and be distracted by a conversation with your beloved girlfriend, knowing that nothing will happen to the baby. But walkers have many disadvantages.

With the help of this device, the child will not learn to walk on his own for a long time, since the structure itself will be able to carry it to any place in the room. In addition, he will not develop the vestibular apparatus. And due to improper distribution of the load and circulatory disorders, not only the spine, but also the feet can be deformed.

The walker reliably protects the baby from falling, and outside of this device the child will not be able to avoid injury. On top of this, they interfere with the development of a protective reaction, because, having bumped into a barrier, the child will not see the danger.

Young children learn about the world around them through the sense of touch and taste buds. While in the walker, it becomes impossible to reach many objects.

Leash (reins) for children: did you really want a child, not a dog?

This device was invented for restless and curious children who, every time they walk, strive to show independence and run away from adults. Moreover, they help maintain balance and control the baby's falls. This harmless invention provokes a lot of indignation from others, as it evokes the association of "walking the dog."

The harm of children's reins is that they inhibit the psychological development of the baby. Being constantly on a leash, the child cannot worry about his safety. Consequently, he will not learn to make decisions on his own, will not receive elementary development skills and will not develop a sense of responsibility for his life.

Moreover, the leash makes it clear to the child who dominates in many ways without the possibility of changing the situation. Thus, children fail to learn many lessons, miss out on learning opportunities, and fail to understand when to cooperate or listen to adults.

Kangaroo backpack: comfortable, but dangerous

The new-fashioned kangaroo backpack has already been appreciated by many parents, because it greatly facilitates the carrying of small children. It is adjustable for any adult, type of clothing (summer and winter) and can easily change the position of the child. The backpacks provide excellent support for the lower back, thereby preventing pain. Being in such a "bag", the child feels complete safety, and the hands of mom or dad are completely free at this time.

Despite these advantages, the kangaroo backpack has some negative aspects. Since the baby is in a hanging position for a long time, the entire load goes to the fragile spine and the perineal region. Subsequently, this leads to deformation of the spinal column and damage to the skin on the inner surface of the legs. A dangling head will also have a big disadvantage if it is not pressed against an adult. A narrow sitting position can disrupt blood flow in the small pelvis and baby's legs. These negative aspects are more related to the design of the backpack. But do not forget that even in a properly selected kangaroo shoulder bag, the baby should be no more than two hours.

Pay attention to the harmless kangaroo alternative -.

Manezh: psychologists warn

A very useful and practical playpen for children causes a mixed reaction from psychologists. On the one hand, the safety of the arena allows you to leave the child alone for a while, and on the other hand, it limits the movement and freedom of the little man. Limitation interferes with normal physical development and makes it impossible to actively move.

Growing up, the child seeks to know the world around him. His first independent movement is crawling. Unfortunately, the arena misses this opportunity. It only allows the baby to stand up (or sit down), hold onto the support and move along the edge.

In the arena, the baby often feels helpless, as he cannot reach what attracts him. The obstacle becomes insurmountable, and the first experience of failure can gain a foothold for a long time at the subconscious level. Moreover, being in the arena for a long time, the child loses close contact with adults, which affects his psychological development.

Many parents have raised healthy and happy children without resorting to using these remedies with dubious benefits. Try it too!