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Vitamin B12 is the most complex vitamin in its chemical structure; it was discovered by studying the effect of animal liver consumption on anemic factors in food. Three scientists in 1934 received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the beneficial property of the vitamin - the ability to reduce the risk of anemia.

Vitamins of the B12 group are represented by several chemical substances: cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, cobamamide. But cyanocobalamin enters the human body to a greater extent and has a beneficial effect, this is how many call vitamin B12 in its narrow sense. It is a red powder, well soluble in water, odorless, able to accumulate in the body, concentrating in the liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys.

Vitamin B12 value

Vitamin plays an important role in maintaining the health of the body:

• Boosts immune defenses.
• It is an additional source of energy.
• Normalizes blood pressure, especially useful for hypotonic patients.
• It activates mental activity, improves memory, attention.
• Helps fight depression, prevents nervous disorders and diseases.
• Promotes normal growth of the body, regulates appetite.
• Plays an important role in the prevention of anemia.
• Supports sexual function in men, increases fertility.
• Reduces irritability and nervous irritability.
• Effective for insomnia.
• Prevents obesity of the liver, improving its condition.

In addition, vitamin B12 accelerates protein synthesis, which leads to an increase in its concentration and accumulation in the body. It promotes the formation of red blood cells, which are the main source of oxygen and other nutrients for all internal organs. Thanks to cyanocobalamin, the absorption of folic acid by the membrane of neurons and erythrocytes is accelerated. Vitamin plays an important role in the metabolic process, accelerating the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

Sources of

Vitamin B12 is synthesized independently in the body in the intestines, but this happens in small doses. With age, with certain diseases or with regular sports training, its natural level decreases, the body needs additional sources. You can get vitamin from food.




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Daily rate (instructions for use)

The daily intake of vitamin B12 depends on age, lifestyle, individual characteristics of the body. But scientists have standardized the concept of the norm and derived its average value for different age groups:

Deficit

The amount of vitamin necessary for normal functioning does not always enter the body. With its deficiency, the following symptoms may appear:

• Lethargy, apathy.
• Insomnia.
• Increased nervous irritability and irritability.
• Dizziness.
• Anemia against the background of a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.
• Stool disorder.
• Bruising at the slightest pressure on the skin.
• The onset of gum disease and bleeding.
• Convulsions.
• Deterioration of complexion, pallor.
• Hair loss, dullness and brittleness.

If you have several symptoms, you need to see a doctor who will prescribe the necessary tests and identify the cause of the violations, and then prescribe the most suitable drugs to eliminate them and treat the root of the problem.

Read more about diseases associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in the source - wikipedia.

Excess vitamin

Since vitamin B12 is water-soluble, its excess is able to be excreted from the body on its own. But uncontrolled use of supplements and violation of the recommended daily allowance can lead to unpleasant consequences:

• the occurrence of problems with stool;
• disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
• blood pressure surges;
• the appearance of allergic skin rashes.

If these symptoms occur, it is recommended to stop taking supplements, after which the symptoms of overdose will disappear, the work of the body's systems will return to normal.




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Indications for use

Vitamin B12 is prescribed for various pathological changes in the body, including those caused by exhausting diets and intense sports training. He is showing for admission when:

• anemia;
• liver diseases, including various forms of hepatitis;
• frequent colds against a background of decreased immunity;
• skin diseases of various etiologies;
• neuroses and other disorders of the nervous system;
• a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood;
• kidney disease;
• Cerebral palsy, Down's disease.

Contraindications

• embolism;
• leukemia;
• hemochromatosis.

Pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 18 years of age, should not take vitamin supplements without consulting a specialist. Individual intolerance to the components is possible.

Interaction with other drugs

1. Taking potassium reduces the rate of absorption of cyanocobalamin, so you should not combine the use of these supplements. Nevertheless, it is worth knowing that due to the fact that vitamin B12 is able to accumulate and remain in the body for a certain time, a short course of potassium intake, if medically indicated, will not reduce the level of the vitamin in the blood.
2. The absorption of cyanocobalamin is reduced when taking antihyperlipidemic and anti-tuberculosis drugs.
3. increases the amount of vitamin synthesized in the intestine, and is also its conductor into the cell.

Pills or shots?

Vitamin B12 is sold in the pharmacy in the form of tablets and injections. Both forms are intended to compensate for the lack of vitamin in the body, but, as a rule, it is the tablets that are prescribed to prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. They are taken in courses, are effective for minor disorders associated with a lack of vitamin, their action is more likely aimed at preventing the occurrence of vitamin deficiency. Injections are prescribed for critically low levels of the vitamin in the blood, as well as for concomitant diseases that prevent its production.

Cyanocobalamin, supplied by injection, is absorbed much faster, since it does not depend on the presence of a special enzyme in the stomach and enters the bloodstream directly, bypassing the stage of splitting. The degree of its assimilation reaches 90% versus 70% obtained orally.

Vitamin B12 for athletes

Regular physical activity leads to intensive expenditure of all nutrients, including vitamin B12. To replenish the required amount, athletes should take specially formulated dietary supplements.

Vitamin B12, due to its active participation in carbohydrate metabolism, contributes to the production of additional energy during sports, which allows you to increase the load and increase the training time.

Due to the beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system, cyanocobalamin improves coordination of movements, helps to focus on performing a specific exercise, which makes it possible to work out each muscle group more carefully.

Vitamin supplements are especially useful for vegetarians, since most of it is found in animal products.

It helps not only to improve the quality of training, but also to recover from the competition by stabilizing the work of the nervous system.

Top 5 Vitamin B12 Supplements

Packing photo

Name	Manufacturer	Release form	Application	Price
Vitamin B12	Solgar	60 lozenges / 1000 mcg	1 capsule per day	800 rubles
B-12	Now Foods	250 lozenges / 1000 μg	1 lozenge per day	900 rubles
Neurobion	MERCK	Ampoules / 100 mg	1 ampoule per day	300 rubles for 3 ampoules

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin of the B group. Unlike other substances of this group, it can accumulate in the human body, most of all in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. It is absorbed in the small intestine and deposited in the liver.

It contains a cobalt ion, hence the other name - cyanocobalamin, or cobalamin. Cyanocobalamin is resistant to light and heat, and is better retained in food when cooked.

The activity of cyanocobalamin is very high, and the amount of vitamin B12 in foods is measured in μg. Accordingly, a person's need for it is small.

The amount of vitamin B12 in foods (μg / 100g):

• Beef liver - 60;
• Heart - 25;
• Oysters - 18;
• Trout - 7.5;
• Herring - 13;
• Russian cheese - 1.5;
• Sardines in oil - 8.5;
• Rabbit meat - 4.3;
• Beef - 3.0;
• Sea bass - 2.4;
• Cod - 1.6;
• Dutch cheese - 1.1;
• Poshekhonsky cheese - 1.4;
• Cottage cheese - 1.0;
• Chicken egg - 0.5;
• Cow's milk - 0.4;
• Kefir - 0.4;
• Butter - 0.1.

The main source of this vitamin for the body is animal products. A little cobalamin is synthesized in the intestines by its own microflora. Very small amounts are found in soybeans, hops, tops, spinach, green salad.

Vitamin B12 intake rates

Age determines the daily requirement for cyanocobalamin. So, in infants up to 6 months, it is 0.4 μg / day, in children from 6 to 12 months - 0.5 μg / day, from 1 to 3 years this need increases to 1 μg / day, from 4 to 6 years - up to 1.5 mcg / day. Children aged 7-10 years need 2 mcg of vitamin per day, adolescents 11-17 years old, as well as adults - 3 mcg / day. In pregnant and breastfeeding women, the need is higher - 4 mcg / day.

There is also another designation for the amount of vitamin B12 - in international units (IU). 1ME corresponds to the activity of 1 μg of cyanocobalamin.

Cobalamin metabolism in the body is very slow, and it takes at least 5-6 years to form its deficiency. If a person takes potassium supplements, then hypovitaminosis is formed several times faster.

If a person smokes, drinks alcohol, or is a vegetarian, then the need for vitamin B12 increases.

With excessive consumption of sweet, carbonated drinks, as well as with chronic diarrhea, the absorption of cyanocobalamin from the intestine worsens, which means that its intake into the body decreases.

If a person uses many different drugs, and especially contraceptives, the consumption of cyanocobalamin increases.

The value of vitamin B12 in the body

Vitamin B12 plays a significant role in the biological processes of the body, together with other vitamins participates in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, as well as:

• Participates in the formation of red blood cells - erythrocytes;
• Promotes the removal of homocysteine ​​from the body - an amino acid that contributes to the occurrence of strokes and myocardial infarctions;
• Reduces the content of fats and cholesterol in the body;
• Improves the availability of oxygen to cells during hypoxia;
• Takes part in the regeneration of damaged tissues by participating in the synthesis of nucleic acids;
• Promotes the formation of active forms of vitamin A;
• Participates in the formation of the hormone melatonin, which regulates biorhythms;
• Has an effect on the reproductive system of men - increases the content of sperm in the gonads;
• Regulates the immune system;
• It is a catalyst for biochemical transformations of organic acids, as a result of which myelin is formed - the sheath of nerve fibers.

Vitamin B12 is very important for hair, for its growth and healthy appearance.

Lack of vitamin B12

Hypovitaminosis is formed when there is insufficient intake of cyanocobalamin with food, a violation of its absorption, when taking certain drugs. Signs of its insufficiency are the following symptoms:

• Low content of hemoglobin, platelets and leukocytes;
• Disorders of the digestive system;
• Fatigue, irritability, depression;
• Feeling of numbness in the limbs and difficulty walking;
• Stomatitis, glossitis;
• Headache;
• Visual impairment;
• Painful periods.

Lack of vitamin B12 for hair leads to hair loss and early graying.

Excess vitamin B12

Hypervitaminosis of cyanocobalamin is rarely formed, if the dosage is not observed while taking vitamin B12 tablets or with its parenteral administration.

The main symptoms of an overdose:

• Pulmonary edema;
• Vein thrombosis;
• Hives or anaphylactic shock;
• Heart failure.

The use of cyanocobalamin for medicinal purposes

As a medicine, vitamin B12 in ampoules or tablets is used for diseases such as hepatitis, anemia, sciatica, polyneuritis, chronic pancreatitis, multiple sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, radiation sickness, cerebral palsy, peripheral nerve injuries, skin and allergic diseases.

Vitamin B12 tablets are better absorbed when taken simultaneously with folic acid. It is used in the treatment of anemia at a dose of 30 to 200 mcg per day every other day, until remission is achieved.

Vitamin B12 in ampoules is used for intravenous, intramuscular, intra-lumbar and subcutaneous administration.

In case of neurological pathology, including pain syndrome, vitamin B12 is administered from 0.2 to 0.5 mg per injection on an accrual basis, once every 2 days, the course is up to 2 weeks.

Contraindications

Do not use vitamin B12 in ampoules and tablets in case of thromboembolism, erythrocytosis, individual intolerance. Concomitant angina pectoris requires careful use.

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is vital for the nervous system and for the creation of DNA and RNA in every cell in your body, and also helps the cells to metabolize proteins, fats and carbohydrates as needed. And despite the fact that the body needs vitamin B12 to optimize many processes - from mood to digestion - people sometimes have no idea about the signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. Explain where you can get this vitamin and who is at risk when it comes to critical deficiency.

Where is vitamin B12 found

It is important to understand that vitamin B12 is not synthesized either by animals or plants, and its content in certain foods depends solely on how well the animal or plant retains this vitamin. Traditionally, animals do this better, so almost all sources of vitamin B12 are of animal origin.

To add B12 to your diet, you should first pay attention to veal liver, salmon, beef, lamb, scallops, shrimp, sardines and cod... If you are more interested in plants, choose seaweed (kelp or blue-green), brewer's yeast, miso sauce and tofu... In the latter case, however, remember that the vitamin content in them is in any case several times less than in animal products.

4 reasons why you need vitamin B12

Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency can be nervousness, depression, numbness in the legs and arms, rapid heart rate, unmotivated fatigue, aggression or, conversely, apathy, memory and concentration problems. Below are four reasons at once, which mean that you are at risk.

Are you vegetarian or vegan.

The only way to get your full vitamin B12 is by eating meat. So if you're avoiding animal products, you're guaranteed a B12 deficiency without the appropriate supplements. There is no need to make moral choices: you can continue to stick to vegetarian diet by taking vitamin B12 capsules or as part of a potion.

You are over 50 years old.

Age brings wisdom and freedom of action, but unfortunately, age-related changes also reduce the body's ability to absorb vitamin B12 from food. By the way, symptoms such as memory changes and decreased concentration occur in older people precisely because of a B12 deficiency.

You drink alcohol regularly.

Regularly does not mean every day and in unlimited quantities. Two glasses of wine after work is also considered a Friday tradition. The point here is that our liver plays an important role in the storage of B12: so enjoy the bar in good company, but always order a salmon burger or steak to avoid any unpleasant consequences.

You have been diagnosed with diabetes.

Even if you eat meat all the time, in case you are diagnosed with diabetes, you are likely to be deficient in vitamin B12. That said, low B12 levels in the long term may increase the risk of heart disease, depression and anxiety disorders, as well as symptoms of Alzheimer's, autism and mental illness. Bottom line: B12 deficiency can be devastating, but can be easily avoided by taking supplements. Remember also that it is almost impossible to overdo it with B12 - since it is a water-soluble vitamin, it is naturally excreted from the body if it is exceeded.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, cyanocobalamin) - physiological role, signs of deficiency, content in food. Instructions for the use of vitamin B12

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The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

Vitamin B 12 is a compound that has a very important ability to regulate hematopoiesis, providing the formation of normal red blood cells with full functions. That is why vitamin B 12 is often called antianemic factor .

Name and forms of vitamin B 12

Vitamin B 12 is the common name for two chemical variants of the cobalamin molecule that have vitamin activity. These variants of the molecule are called vitamers and are, in fact, varieties of the same substance, differing from each other in spatial orientation. Vitamin B 12 consists of two vitamers - cyanocobalamin and hydroxycobalamin... The names of both vitamers are the names of vitamin B 12. However, at present, the name cyanocobalamin is usually used to denote vitamin B 12, since it is in this form that most of this substance enters the human body.

In addition, there are two more active forms of vitamin B 12 ( methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin ), which are formed from cyanocobalamin and hydroxycobalamin in the human body. It is in active forms that vitamin B 12 performs its physiological functions. The names of active forms are practically not used to denote vitamin B 12.

What is vitamin B 12 for - a physiological role

Vitamin B 12 in the human body has the following physiological effects:
1. Provides the formation of normal form erythrocytes with full functions.
2. Prevents the destruction of red blood cells.
3. Provides coverage of nerve fibers with myelin sheath, which is necessary for the transmission of impulses and protection of the structure from the negative effects of external factors.
4. Prevents fatty degeneration of the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart and other organs.

The listed physiological effects are provided at the molecular level, at which vitamin B 12 activates and supports certain biochemical transformations. At first glance, it is difficult to imagine, but in fact, every biochemical transformation in the body that occurs at the molecular level has its "physiological" reflection in the form of an effect at the level of organs and tissues. Let us consider how vitamin B 12 provides its physiological effects at the molecular level.

The active forms of vitamin B 12 ensure the normal functioning of enzymes from the class of reductases, which, in turn, convert folic acid into tetrahydrofolic acid. And tetrahydrofolic acid activates the process of cell division and, therefore, ensures the normal process of regeneration of organs and tissues, maintaining them in a young and fully functioning state. The activation of cell division is especially important for rapidly renewing tissues, such as blood cells, mucous membranes, epidermis, etc. It is thanks to the influence of vitamin B 12 that these tissues are maintained in a normal state.

In addition, the ability of cobalamin to activate cell division is capable of preventing megaloblastic anemia. The fact is that with a deficiency of vitamin B12, erythrocyte precursor cells grow, but do not divide, as a result of which giant erythrocytes (megaloblasts) are formed in small numbers. Such erythrocytes contain little hemoglobin and cannot penetrate into small vessels due to their size, which results in megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B 12 stimulates the timely division of progenitor cells, as a result of which a large number of normal erythrocytes are formed, containing hemoglobin in sufficient concentration.

The formation of the myelin sheath on nerve fibers is impossible without a sufficient amount of vitamin B 12, since its active form ensures the conversion of methylmalonic acid into succinic acid, which is a necessary structural component of myelin. If vitamin B 12 is not enough, then succinic acid is not formed in the required amount, as a result of which the nerve fiber remains demyelinated. The absence of myelin leads to impaired sensitivity, poor conduction of impulses from the brain to the muscles and vice versa, resulting in numbness of the limbs, tingling, creeping sensations and other symptoms of nerve fiber degeneration.

Prevention of fatty degeneration of various organs is provided due to the ability of vitamin B 12 to activate the conversion of homocysteine ​​into methionine. Methionine, in turn, is required for the liver to remove excess fat.

Absorption and excretion of vitamin B 12

Vitamin B 12 is normally absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine. However, absorption of this vitamin is possible only in the presence of a small protein compound called internal Castle factor and is produced by the cells of the stomach. If the internal Castle factor is absent, then vitamin B 12 supplied with food or in tablet form will not be able to be absorbed into the bloodstream and a person will develop its deficiency. Since the Castle factor is produced by the cells of the stomach, in its various pathologies, the absorption of vitamin B 12 may be impaired. However, recent studies have shown that in high dosages (more than 200 mcg per day), vitamin B 12 can be absorbed into the bloodstream without any connection with the Castle factor. But such dosages of the vitamin can only be provided by regularly taking cyanocobalamin tablets.

In general, the absorption of cobalamin into the blood from food is carried out in the following sequential stages:
1. Formation of the complex Castle factor + cobalamin;
2. The entry of the complex into the small intestine and its passage through the wall into the portal vein of the liver;
3. Decomposition of the complex and release of vitamin B 12;
4. Transfer of free vitamin B 12 to all organs.

In organ cells, vitamin B 12 is converted into active forms - methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin, in which it exerts its physiological effects. After performing the functions, the active forms of vitamin B 12 are again transferred into the blood and delivered to the liver and kidneys, from where they are excreted in the urine and feces.

In the liver, vitamin B 12 can accumulate, creating a depot, which is enough for a person for about 3-4 years.

Lack of vitamin B 12 - symptoms

With a lack of vitamin B 12 in the body, a person develops the following diseases or clinical symptoms:

• Megaloblastic anemia;
• Increased fatigue;
• Funicular myelosis (degeneration of areas of the spinal cord);
• Paresthesia (feeling of running "goose bumps", tingling on the skin, etc.);
• Paralysis, accompanied by dysfunction of the pelvic organs;
• A dry, bright red tongue that may tingle and burn on the surface;
• Decreased or complete lack of appetite;
• Foul body odor;
• Achilia (zero gastric acidity);
• Erosion and ulcers on the mucous membranes of various organs (mouth, throat, nose, bronchi, intestines, vagina, etc.);
• Heaviness when walking;
• Yellowing of the skin;
• Shortness of breath and ragged heart rate on exertion;
• Focal hair loss;
• Ulceration of the corners of the mouth;
• Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue);
• Seborrheic dermatitis on certain areas of the skin of the body and face, especially near the nose or mouth;
• Inflammation and itching of the skin in the genital area in men and women;
• Redness, itching, burning, and sensitivity of the eyes to light;
• Blurred vision;
• Formation of cataracts;
• Degradation of personality.

The listed symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency can be of varying severity and manifest in different combinations. The more severe the vitamin B 12 deficiency, the more severe the symptoms are. For example, with a deficiency of 15% of vitamin B 12 in the body, the symptoms will be moderately expressed, the person as a whole will remain functional and will continue to lead a normal life, explaining his condition by malaise. And with a deficiency of 30% of vitamin B 12, the symptoms will be pronounced, the general condition will worsen significantly, and the person will not be able to lead a normal life, being forced to consult a doctor to find the reasons for his poor health.

Vitamin B 12 deficiency: causes, symptoms, consequences - video

Vitamin B 12 - which foods contain

Vitamin B 12 is the only compound with vitamin activity that is not synthesized by plants and animals. This vitamin is produced only by microorganisms and must necessarily enter the human body from the outside as part of food. A small amount of vitamin B 12, which is synthesized in the large intestine by its own microflora, is not absorbed, since it cannot rise to the overlying parts of the intestine, where this compound is absorbed into the bloodstream.
The main sources of vitamin B 12 are animal products, fish and seafood such as:

• Beef liver (60 μg of vitamin B 12 in 100 g of the product);
• Pork liver (30 μg per 100 g);
• Beef kidney (25 mcg);
• Octopus (20 mcg);
• Chicken liver (16 mcg);
• Mackerel (12 mcg);
• Mussels (12 mcg)
• Sardine (11 mcg)
• Atlantic herring (10 mcg);
• Chum salmon (4.1 mcg);
• Beef (3 mcg)
• Nototenia (2.8 mcg);
• Perch (2.4 mcg)
• Lamb (2 - 3 mcg);
• Egg (1.95 mcg)
• Turkey fillet (1.6 mcg);
• Cod (1.6 mcg);
• Carp (1.5 mcg);
• Cottage cheese (1.32 mcg);
• Shrimp (1.1 mcg)
• Cheese (1.05 - 2.2 mcg);
• Broiler chickens (0.2 - 0.7 mcg);
• Milk and sour cream (0.4 mcg);
• Yogurt (0.4 - 0.7 mcg).

That is, a large amount of vitamin B 12 is found in the liver of farm animals and poultry, in seafood, fish and egg yolk. The average amount of cyanocobalamin is found in meat, cheese and dairy products. Thus, it is obvious that vitamin B 12 in plant products is contained in very small quantities, so people who practice strict vegetarianism should take vitamins to prevent hypovitaminosis.

Foods rich in vitamin B 12 - video

Vitamin B 12 - the norm of consumption by people of different ages

At different age periods, the need for vitamin B 12 varies, which is associated with the characteristics of metabolism and the rhythm of life. At the same time, the need for cobalamin does not depend on the sex of the person. Therefore, for different age categories, regardless of gender, different norms of daily intake of vitamin B 12 are recommended, ensuring the normal course of vital processes in all cells of the body. The consumption rates of vitamin B 12 for people of different ages are shown in the table.

These norms are called adequate intake levels, which provide full coverage of the body's requirements for vitamin B 12 compounds. However, these adequate levels of consumption are valid only for a healthy person who lives a measured and calm life. With physical exertion, stress, emotional stress, smoking or drinking alcohol, the need for vitamin B 12 increases by 10 - 25%, which should be taken into account when planning your own diet.

The minimum allowable safe level of vitamin B 12 intake for dietary meals is 1 μg per day. The maximum amount of vitamin B 12 that can be consumed without any harm to health is 9 mcg per day.

Vitamin B 12 in the blood is normal

The content of vitamin B 12 in the blood is determined by colorimetric methods. In this case, blood is donated in the same way as for the usual biochemical analysis. The normal content of vitamin B 12 in the blood varies among people of different ages, but does not depend on gender. Currently, the CIS countries have adopted the following standards for the content of vitamin B 12 in the blood at different age periods:

• Newborns from 0 to one year old - 118 - 959 pmol / l;
• Children over one year old and adults under 60 years old - 148 - 616 pmol / l;
• Adults over 60 years old - 81 - 568 pmol / l.

In order to obtain the correct results of the study, which can be compared with the indicated normal indicators, it is necessary, before passing the test, to cancel medications that affect the content of cyanocobalamin in the blood, and also not to consume alcohol, fatty and fried foods. The test result may be underestimated if, for several days before donating blood, a person took the following drugs or underwent procedures:

• Alcohol;
• Aminoglycoside antibiotics (for example, chloramphenicol, etc.);
• Aminosalicylic acid;
• Colchicine;
• Oral contraceptives;
• Pentamidine;
• Pyrimethamine;
• Anticonvulsants (for example, phenobarbital, phenytoin, etc.);
• Triamteren;
• Phenformin;
• Cholestyramine;
• Cimetidine;
• Irradiation of the small intestine with cobalt.

What are the B 12 vitamins for medical use?

Currently, the following chemical modifications of vitamin B 12 are used as active substances in preparations for medical use:

• Cyanocobalamin;
• Hydroxocobalamin;
• Cobamamide.

All three substances have vitamin activity, but differ in their chemical and therapeutic effects. So, hydroxocobalamin is injected only intramuscularly or subcutaneously, cyanocobalamin - intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously or intralumbar (in the lower back), and cobamamide - intravenously and intramuscularly. Cobamamide and cyanocobalamin can also be taken orally in tablet form.

Cyanocobalamin preparations have the weakest and slowest therapeutic effect. Hydroxocobalamin begins to exert a therapeutic effect faster than cyanocobalamin, it remains in the blood longer and is excreted by the kidneys from the body more slowly. Thus, the duration of action of hydroxocobalamin is also longer than that of cyanocobalamin, so it can be administered less frequently, reducing the number of injections required for the full course of treatment.

Cobamamide has an almost instant therapeutic effect, starting to exert its physiological effects immediately after administration. In terms of the speed of development of the effect, cobamamide is the best option for vitamin B 12. Therefore, if it is necessary to obtain a quick effect, for example, in severe and urgent conditions, it is necessary to use preparations containing vitamin B 12 in the form of cobamamide. For other properties, cobamamide is comparable to hydroxocobalamin.

Vitamin B 12 with cobamamide and cyanocobalamin is available in the form of freeze-dried powder, ready-to-use solution and tablets. And vitamin B 12 in the form of hydroxocobalamin is available only in the form of a ready-to-use sterile solution.

Vitamin B 12 in ampoules - characteristics and names of drugs

Vitamin B 12 is produced in ampoules in two pharmaceutical forms:
1. Lyophilized powder for preparation of solution for injection;
2. Ready-to-use sterile injection solution.

Lyophilisate is preferable to a ready-made solution, since in this form, during long-term storage, the properties of vitamin B 12 are better preserved.

In addition to dosage forms, vitamin B 12 in ampoules is produced in three chemical varieties (cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and cobamamide) under the following commercial names:

• Cobamamide lyophilisate (cobamamide) - ampoules containing 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg and 1 mg of the active substance;
• Oxycobalamin solution (hydroxocobalamin) - ampoules containing the active substance in dosages of 50 μg / ml, 0.1 mg / ml and 1 mg / ml;
• Cyanocobalamin solution and lyophilisate (cyanocobalamin) - ampoules containing 30 μg / ml, 50 μg / ml, 100 μg / ml, 200 μg / ml and 500 μg / ml of the active substance;
• Cyanocobalamin bufus (cyanocobalamin) solution - ampoules containing 500 μg / ml of active substance;
• Cyanocobalamin-Vial (cyanocobalamin) solution - ampoules containing 200 μg / ml and 500 μg / ml of the active substance.

Vitamin B 12 in tablets - characteristics and names of drugs

In the dosage form of tablets, vitamin B 12 is produced only under two commercial names - Cobamamide and Cyanocobalamin. Moreover, both drugs contain the same forms of vitamin B 12 as an active substance, which are reflected in their names.

Cobamamide tablets are available in three dosages - 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg and 1 mg. Cyanocobalamin tablets contain 30 mcg, 50 mcg and 100 mcg of the active substance. Vitamin B 12 in tablet form is well absorbed and tolerated by humans, therefore it can be used in long courses instead of injections to reduce the traumatic effect of injections.

Many people of the older generation remember that vitamin B 12 was produced only in ampoules and was injected exclusively by injection, and therefore they are greeted with distrust by the news of the availability of cyanocobalamin tablets that can be safely taken orally, like many other vitamins. However, at present, vitamin B 12 tablets are a reality, and their effectiveness and effect are not inferior to injections, which, according to some people, are quite painful and unpleasant. Therefore, if possible, then painful injections of vitamin B 12 can be replaced by taking pills.

In addition to tablets, vitamin B 12 is now also available in the form of rectal suppositories, which are injected into the rectum. These rectal suppositories are called Cykomin and are an excellent alternative to the injection of vitamin B 12, since the vitamin is very quickly absorbed from the rectum into the bloodstream through the plexus of hemorrhoidal veins.

Complex preparations with vitamin B 12

In recent years, thanks to the advances in organic synthesis, chemistry and pharmacology, it has been possible to create complex preparations, which include several vitamins, which were previously considered incompatible and could not be in the same solution or tablet. Vitamin B 12 is part of such complex preparations along with B 1, B 6 and folic acid, which often need to be used together. Complex preparations are very convenient to use, since they allow you to reduce the number of injections and pills taken.

Today on the domestic pharmaceutical market there are the following complex therapeutic preparations containing vitamin B 12:

• Angiovitis (B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
• Binavit (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Vitagamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Vitaxone (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Combilipen (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Compligam B (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Medivitan (B 6, B 12 and folic acid);
• Milgamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12);
• Multi-Tabs B-complex (B 1, B 2, B 3, B 5, B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
• Neurobion (B 6, B 1 and B 12);
• Neuromultivitis (B 6, B 1 and B 12);
• Pentovit (B 1, B 3, B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
• Pician (B 6 and B 12);
• Trigamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Ferro-Folgamma (B 12, folic acid and ferrous sulfate);
• Foliber (B 12 and folic acid.).

These vitamins belong to the therapeutic group, since they can be used to treat various diseases and deficiency conditions. Since the drugs are therapeutic, the dosages of vitamins in them can be relatively high, that is, exceeding those recommended for the prevention of vitamin deficiency. But it is precisely due to such relatively high dosages that therapeutic vitamins can be used as part of the complex treatment of various diseases.

In addition to these therapeutic vitamins on the pharmaceutical market, there is a wide range of various complexes for the prevention of hypovitaminosis, such as, for example, Vitrum, Centrum, Supradin, Alphabet, etc. These complexes usually contain almost all vitamins and several minerals in the dosage recommended for the prevention of hypovitaminosis, which are relatively low, and therefore the funds cannot be used to treat various diseases. Usually, such complexes are called prophylactic and their main difference from therapeutic vitamins is a low dosage of components, insufficient for therapeutic use. Vitamin B 12 is a part of almost any vitamin and mineral prophylactic complex in the dosage recommended for daily consumption. We do not give the names of these complexes, since the list will be too long.

Vitamin B 12 - indications for use

Various forms of vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cobamamide), in principle, are indicated for use in the treatment of the same diseases. However, there are minor differences in indications for the use of different forms of vitamin B 12, due to the peculiarities of their metabolism, the rate of development of the therapeutic effect and the duration of action. Therefore, first we will consider the indications for use common to all forms of vitamin B 12, and then we will indicate specific for cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin.

Indications for the use of all forms of vitamin B 12

Indications for the use of all forms of vitamin B 12 are as follows:

• Chronic anemias (Addison-Birmer, iron deficiency, post-hemorrhagic, aplastic, toxic, alimentary);
• Acute and chronic hepatitis;
• Myelosis;
• Lateral amniotrophic sclerosis;
• Diabetic neuropathy;
• Skin diseases (psoriasis, photodermatosis, herpetic dermatitis, neurodermatitis);
• Bone trauma;
• Polyneuritis;
• Radiculitis;
• Neuralgia;
• Causalgia.

Indications for the use of cyanocobalamin and kabamamide

The indications for the use of cyanocobalamin and kabamamide are as follows:

• Injuries and inflammation in peripheral nerves (injury, radiculoneuritis, phantom pain);
• Encephalomyelitis;
• Slow bone healing;
• To accelerate the recovery of the body after surgical interventions on the musculoskeletal system;
• Diseases of the digestive tract, in which the absorption of vitamin B 12 is impaired (resection of a part of the stomach or small intestine, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, sprue);
• Prevention of vitamin B 12 deficiency when taking biguanides, paraaminosalicylic acid, large amounts of vitamin C (more than 100 mg per day);
• Malignant tumors of the pancreas and intestines;
• Prolonged stress;
• Long-term infectious diseases;
• Kidney disease;
• Strict diet or vegetarianism.

Indications for the use of hydroxocobalamin

Indications for the use of hydroxocobalamin are as follows:

• Cyanide poisoning (intentional or accidental);
• Dystrophy or lack of body weight in newborns, including premature babies;
• Recovery from infectious diseases;
• Sprue;
• Trigeminal neuralgia;
• Leber's disease (hereditary atrophy of the optic nerves);
• Alcoholic psychosis ("delirium tremens").

The indicated indications for use are not clearly and precisely delineated, rather they are advisory in nature. This means that the list of indications for the use of cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin includes those conditions in which this dosage form is optimal, therefore it is best to use it. However, if this is not possible, then any available form of vitamin B 12 can be used. Conditions in which any form of vitamin can be used are included in the list of indications for the use of all types of B 12. In this case, you can use any drug that is most affordable or liked more than others for any subjective reasons.

Vitamin B 12 - instructions for use

How to inject vitamin B 12

First of all, you need to read the instructions attached to the drug and find out what active substance is contained in the purchased drug, since it depends on which types of injections can be done.

Hydroxocobalamin can be injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously, cobamamide can be administered intravenously and intramuscularly, and cyanocobalamin can be administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously, or intralumbar (in the lower back). The best methods of injecting vitamin B 12 are subcutaneous and intravenous. Intramuscular injection is the most dangerous and least preferred option for using vitamin B 12, therefore it is recommended to avoid this type of injections. Intralumbar vitamin administration is used only for the treatment of neuritis or radiculitis.

You can make subcutaneous or intramuscular injections on your own, and intralumbar and intravenous administration of drugs should be done by a doctor or nurse in a medical institution or at home.

An intramuscular injection is best done in the upper lateral thigh rather than in the buttock. It is optimal to make a subcutaneous injection in the area of ​​the inner surface of the forearm, where the Mantoux test is usually placed. Immediately before the intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, the skin area must be wiped with cotton wool moistened with an antiseptic solution (alcohol, chlorhexidine, Belasept, etc.). For intramuscular injection, the needle must be inserted perpendicular to the skin and the medicine is slowly released into the tissues. The needle should also be removed while holding it perpendicular to the skin. For subcutaneous injection, it is necessary to collect 1 cm of skin with your fingers into a fold and insert a needle under it parallel to the forearm bone, and then slowly inject the solution into the tissue. Remove the needle without straightening the skin fold.

Before injection, a solution is prepared and drawn into a syringe. To do this, either an ampoule with a ready-made solution of the required concentration is simply opened, or the required amount of sterile distilled water is poured into a vial with a lyophilisate to dissolve the contents. The resulting or ready-made solution of vitamin B 12 is drawn into a syringe with a needle. Then the syringe is turned over with the needle up and a light tap is made on the surface of the tube with the tip of the finger in the direction from the piston to the needle. This is necessary so that air bubbles break away from the walls of the syringe and rise to the surface of the solution. Then, by lightly pressing the plunger, it is necessary to release a few drops of the solution from the syringe so that all the air will escape with them. After that, the syringe is considered ready for injection. It can be set aside on a clean surface and the area of ​​the skin where the injection will be placed can be prepared.

Dosages and duration of vitamin B 12 use depend on the type of disease, the speed of recovery and the age of the person. The course of therapy can range from 7 to 30 days, and the dosage is from 10 mcg to 500 mcg per day. The specific dosage must be checked with a doctor or in the instructions for use of a particular drug.

How to take vitamin B 12 internally

Cobamamide and cyanocobalamin can also be taken orally in tablet form. Adults should take the tablets half an hour before meals with plenty of water. The tablets can be chewed. For children, tablets are dissolved in 5% dextrose solution or boiled water and given also 30 minutes before meals. In this case, to dissolve tablets containing 500 μg of the active substance, 5 ml of a 5% dextrose solution or 50 ml of boiled water is needed.

Vitamin B 12 in the form of tablets is recommended to be taken several times a day - from 2 to 6, depending on the frequency of meals. That is, if a person eats 3 times a day, then the daily dosage of vitamin B 12 is recommended to be divided into three doses, etc. The dosage and duration of the course of taking vitamin B 12 is determined by the rate of appearance of clinical improvements, as well as the condition for which the decision was made to use vitamin preparations. On average, the course of treatment can last from 7 to 30 days, and the dosage ranges from 250 mcg to 1000 mcg per day.

Vitamin B 12 compatibility

The concept of compatibility applies only to intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of vitamins, since undesirable chemical interactions can occur between them. When taken orally, all B vitamins are compatible with each other and can be taken at the same time.

So, when injected, vitamin B 12 is well compatible with vitamins B 6, C, U (U), H and folic acid. This means that cyanocobalamin can be injected simultaneously with compatible vitamins on the same day, but from different syringes. Despite compatibility, it is impossible to mix solutions of vitamins in the same syringe, as this can lead to a weakening or complete loss of their therapeutic activity. Therefore, compatible vitamins are allowed to be injected at the same time, but from different syringes. If vitamins are injected intravenously, then this is done one by one, without removing the needle from the vein, at intervals of 5 to 10 minutes between them. If vitamins are injected intramuscularly, then each drug is drawn into a separate syringe and injected in different places.

Vitamin B 12 is poorly compatible with vitamin B 1, therefore it is not recommended to enter them together. However, at present, there are combination preparations containing both vitamins B 1 and B 12, which are administered simultaneously. In the form of such preparations, these vitamins can be administered simultaneously, since during the production process they are given special properties, due to which they become compatible.

Vitamin B 12 is completely incompatible with copper, iron and manganese.

Vitamin B 12 for hair

Vitamin B 12 accelerates the rate of hair growth and makes it strong, elastic and shiny. With a lack of cobalamin, the hair begins to break off, slowly grow and fall out. Vitamin B 12 has the best effect on hair when taken orally in food or in the form of vitamin preparations. Topical application of vitamin B 12 can only help in maintaining the good condition of already healthy hair. However, to treat and improve hair structure, vitamin B 12 must be taken orally in tablet form or injected.
What vitamins do women need and how to take them

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - physiological role, deficiency symptoms, content in food. Instructions for the use of vitamin B1

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) - physiological role, signs of deficiency, content in food. Vitamin B6 instructions for use

Vitamin B12- a very important element for a fulfilling and healthy life. Vitamin B12 has the name cyanocobalamin. It is one of the substances that are included in the group of vitamins B. At the same time, it is completely unique, since it contains cobalt. It cannot be produced in the intestine on its own, therefore, the body can only meet the need for it with the help of animal products. Therefore, you should definitely know where vitamin B12 is contained.

Cyanocobalamin is not destroyed by exposure to sunlight, heat treatment, therefore it is stored in large quantities in the product after cooking. If the heat treatment is prolonged, then the concentration of the substance in the products is reduced by only one third. It is a water-soluble element. It can accumulate in the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs.

What is vitamin for?B12?

First of all, the trace element ensures the correct functioning of the nerves and the nervous system as a whole. Nerve fibers will also not be able to function properly if this substance is sorely lacking. It helps new cells to form, as well as blood cells, antibodies and nerve endings. If vitamin B12 hypovitaminosis begins in the body, problems with digestion and metabolism begin, brain function worsens, nerves change. It plays a serious role in hematopoiesis, and anemia may result from a lack of substance.

What is cyanocobalamin useful for in the body:

• enhances the protective functions of the body;
• synthesizes amino acids and nucleic acids;
• relieves after stress;
• breaks down and delivers vitamin B1 to the blood;
• lowers blood cholesterol levels;
• forms the tissues of the bones of the body;
• helps the liver to function normally;
• improves hair condition;
• improves memory;
• improves appetite;
• accelerates growth in childhood;
• improves concentration of attention;
• improves and develops memory;
• supports carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

What vitamin B12 is best absorbed by the body? Naturally, the one found in animal products. It is also present in some plant foods, but the body is not able to assimilate such vitamin compounds.

What does vitamin b12 contain?

Suppliers of vitamin B12 are several types of bacteria, including blue-green algae. But it is not in kelp (seaweed), which people usually buy in stores. They are rich in spirulina, which is often included in all kinds of dietary supplements available in pharmacies. But algae contains a vitamin in a form that is difficult to assimilate.

Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. The digestive tract of herbivores is where cyanocobalamin is produced on its own in the upper intestine (the one where substances are absorbed into the body). Therefore, the vitamin quickly enters the bloodstream and is distributed throughout all organs and systems of the animal, being deposited in the form of reserves in the tissues. Most of the vitamin is found in the liver, therefore this product should be indispensable for those who want to make up for the lack of this substance.

In predatory animals, monkeys and humans, vitamin B12 is also produced, only in the lower intestines, that is, where absorption is no longer possible. Therefore, the entire supply of cyanocobalamin is excreted during emptying. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain a trace element with the help of products. You won't need a lot of it - a person will need only a few milligrams of the vitamin in a lifetime. In this case, the human liver can make reserves of the substance for those occasions when suddenly its entry into the body will be impossible for some reason. Therefore, with a lack of substance, the symptoms of hypovitaminosis will appear only after a long time. And when the symptoms are already easily distinguishable, then health may already be in serious danger.

Vitamin B12 is completely absent either in mushrooms or in plants. Because of this, vegetarians most often suffer from hypovitaminosis (in the event that they even refuse fermented milk products and eggs). Then you can not do without pharmacy products containing cyanocobalamin in the composition.

But at the same time, cases have been identified when people who prefer vegetarianism and raw food consumption had an absolutely normal concentration of vitamin B12 in the blood. This is due to the fact that human nutrition becomes completely natural, the intestines are cleansed, and therefore the bacteria forming the microelement begin to live not only at the bottom of the intestine, but also in any of its parts. But it will not be possible to achieve such an effect quickly: the human body must completely reorganize to a new way of eating and changing the diet. For this reason, you shouldn't suddenly become a vegetarian.

What foods contain vitamin B12?

Animal sources of vitamin b12:

• the highest concentration of the substance is in the by-products: liver, kidneys and heart of herbivores.
• meat of herbivores (rabbit; lamb, poultry, beef);
• fish (mackerel, cod, carp, halibut, sea bass, trout, salmon, herring, sardines, perch);
• seafood (crabs, octopus, scallops, shrimps, oysters);
• fermented milk products (sour cream, cheese, butter, kefir, fermented baked milk, cheese, milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, processed cheese);
• egg;
• mackerel;
• dry milk mixtures;
• condensed milk.

Vitamin b12 dosage

Each age group has its own dosage of vitamin B12. Additionally, it should be taken if you have bad habits (tobacco, alcohol), old age, AIDS, diarrhea and vegetarianism. Also, vitamin b is required in large quantities when planning pregnancy.

The norm in childhood

From birth to six months, 0.4 mcg of vitamin is required, up to a year - 0.5 mcg, up to three years - 1 mcg, from four to six years - 1.5 mcg, from seven to ten years - 2 mcg.

Norm for men

An adult man needs at least 3 micrograms of vitamin B12 per day, otherwise the risk of developing various pathologies in the body increases significantly.

Norm for women

A woman needs the same amount of substance as a male body - 3 mcg. Vitamin b when planning, during pregnancy and breastfeeding requires at least 4.5 mcg per day.

Lack of vitamin b12

Hypovitaminosis manifests itself in situations when a person does not eat enough certain foods or uses certain medications. It is difficult to immediately determine the lack of a substance, since at first the body begins to use the reserves of the trace element located in the internal organs. It can take up to several years before the disease becomes clear.

The first signs are tinnitus, headaches, dizziness, lack of appetite, anxiety, irritability, fatigue, weakness. It becomes difficult for the patient to walk, to move in general, his fingers on the limbs become numb, it is difficult to breathe, the pulse becomes weak, the skin turns pale.

In childhood, the lack of vitamin B12 is especially terrible and causes:

• strong changes in the spine;
• gastritis;
• anemia;
• dermatitis;
• baldness;
• impaired skin pigmentation;
• muscle cramps;
• developmental delay;
• impaired motor skills of hands and feet;
• the formation of ulcers in the tongue.

To prevent hypovitaminosis, it is worth eating correctly and variedly, giving up bad habits, getting enough sleep, exercising and spending more time in the fresh air.

There are also some signs of vitamin B12 deficiency:

• the number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood decreases;
• there are malfunctions in the work of digestion;
• limbs grow numb, it becomes difficult to walk;
• there is glossitis, stomatitis;
• the person quickly gets tired, becomes irritable and depressed;
• vision is impaired;
• headache;
• menstruation becomes painful.

If untreated, the following conditions may appear:

• impaired blood clotting;
• anemia;
• multiple sclerosis;
• tachycardia;
• deterioration of vision;
• severe pain and cramps during menstruation;
• baldness;
• dermatitis;
• weakening of the immune system;
• stress, depression;
• inflammation in the mouth;
• ulcers on the tongue;
• disruptions in digestion;
• disturbed sleep.

Cyanocobalamin overdose

Vitamin B12 hypervitaminosis is uncommon. It is detected in most cases in those patients who took the vitamin additionally in the form of drugs or if the microelement was administered parenterally. It usually manifests itself as an allergic reaction, the appearance of acne, urticaria. The person becomes more irritable.

It is important to know that an overdose is impossible only with frequent consumption of foods with a high concentration of vitamin B12.

Overdose signs:

• heart failure;
• the appearance of urticaria;
• anaphylactic shock;
• thrombosis;
• pulmonary edema.

The first symptoms of an overdose are very easy to eliminate due to the fact that the vitamin is water-soluble. The main thing is not to miss this moment and have time to contact a specialist for the appointment of treatment.

Can vitamin b12 be used for cosmetic purposes?

Benefits for hair

This amazing vitamin is able to improve the appearance of hair already when taken internally. It promotes their rapid growth and structure restoration. If there is enough of it in the body, then a person is not afraid of baldness and dermatitis.

B12 will remedy the following hair-related situations:

• slow growth;
• severe loss;
• thinness of the hair;
• lifeless, dull appearance;
• hair stiffness;
• fragility.

The vitamin can be used both internally and externally.

Outwardly, it is used in its pure form, without mixing with anything. It can also be added to conditioners and hair masks. In this case, it is worth adhering to several rules of use:

• in one course of drug use should not be more than 15 procedures;
• between applications should pass from three to seven days;
• rest between courses - at least two months;
• can only be used on dry, washed hair, if there are no other instructions in the instructions;
• heating the vitamin is not worth it;
• after application, the head should be insulated with a plastic cap and a towel;
• if no oils were added to the mask, then you can wash off without using shampoos;
• after using the mask, do not use conditioners and balms;
• you cannot dry your hair with a hairdryer.

Benefits for the skin

This microelement is indispensable for the skin of the face. It helps cells to divide, thereby rejuvenating the skin. The results are noticeable even after the first application of the drug.

It is better to use it in combination with a fat base (butter or sour cream), since in this form the vitamin is better and faster absorbed. You can prepare masks and mixtures only in glass containers. Moreover, if the mixture is made more than necessary, it can be stored in the refrigerator. It is more effective to make such masks in autumn and spring. The course is 14 days, applied 3-4 times a week. Two courses per year is enough.

Face masks

Recipe number 1.

1. Mix 25 grams of sour cream, 50 grams of cottage cheese, 1 egg, lemon essential oil (9 drops), 18 ml of liquid honey, vitamins b6 b12 (2 ampoules of each), 1 ampoule of aloe extract.
2. In the evening, you need to apply the mask to your face for fifteen minutes.
3. Wash off with cool water.
4. Creams, lotions and other products on the face after the mask must not be applied!

Recipe number 2. Glycerin and vitamin b12 for the face

This mask has a very simple composition. Several ampoules of cyanocobalamin and glycerin are needed. Mix everything and apply on the face for 15 minutes before bedtime. Apply only to dry and cleansed skin.

Forms of drug release

In the pharmacy, vitamin B 12 can be found in a wide variety of forms:

• in tablets (drugs "Neurobion", "Neurovitan")
• in capsules ("Blagomin", "Feroglobin");
• in ampoules as a solution for injection (liquid cyanocobalamin).

In capsules, tablets and ampoules, the amount of vitamin B12 can vary from 30 to 5 thousand mcg. The tablets have a higher dosage, since the vitamin, passing through the digestive tract, is absorbed much worse.

The price per package of the drug varies and can range from 30 to 300 rubles per package, depending on the place of release. Foreign drugs are usually much more expensive.

What vitamins contain vitamin B12?

This microelement is present in almost all multivitamin complexes. The most popular are:

• "Centrum";
• Complivit;
• Vitrum;
• "PERFECTIL".

How to take vitamin B12?

It is important not only to take, but also to know how to drink vitamin B12 correctly. If the doctor has not prescribed vitamins as injections, then you should not torture yourself and give injections. It will be enough to take it intravenously.

The instruction says that you should not drink vitamin B12 at the same time as:

• alkalis;
• acids;
• alcohol;
• sleeping pills;
• estrogens.

It is good to take cyanocobalamin along with folic acid, since together they help in the formation processes, division of blood cells, help the body to properly develop and develop.

Additionally, the drug is prescribed to newborn babies with prematurity or lack of weight. This helps them resist harmful external influences, stock up on the necessary energy for growth and development, and strengthen their immunity.

At preschool and school age, it is necessary if the child is exposed to high mental stress or during recovery from an infectious disease.

It often happens that children between the ages of two and five eat poorly or refuse to eat. Then the doctors prescribe the intake of cyanocobalamin.

The dosage of the substance increases by more than 1.5 times during pregnancy, since the need for vitamins and minerals almost doubles. Almost the same amount of a trace element will be required by a woman during breastfeeding. This will ensure that the baby receives a sufficient amount of the substance and will help him develop correctly.

For other populations, cobalamin is prescribed as an adjuvant in the presence of diseases such as:

• anemia;
• eczema;
• pancreatitis (chronic form);
• hives;
• multiple sclerosis;
• encephalomyelitis;
• radiculitis;

In no case should you take the drug yourself, as it is too dangerous for your health. You should definitely consult a doctor and pass the necessary tests to determine the lack of a substance.