Dyspepsia. Dyspeptic phenomena Signs of dyspepsia in adults

Quick page navigation

Dyspeptic syndrome - "lazy stomach"

Dyspepsia is a disorder of food digestion and associated pathological conditions. In medicine, it is characterized as gastric indigestion caused by enzyme deficiency or dietary errors (overeating, unhealthy food in the diet).

Symptoms of dyspepsia are manifested by various signs of functional disorders, depending on the dysfunction of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract - gastric, hepatic, or intestinal.

Dyspepsia is the most common reason for visiting a gastroenterologist today. The disease is not a deadly pathology, but its symptoms are not pleasant. And the manifestation of symptoms over a long period may indicate the development of chronic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.

In fact, anyone can experience dyspeptic syndrome, but the risk of developing the disease is greater:

• in people with insufficient physical activity;
• prone to constant overeating;
• unable to adhere to a proper diet;
• teenagers and people with digestive pathologies;
• lovers of tobacco and alcohol.

Type of dyspepsia

To understand the principles of symptom development, what dyspepsia itself is and the therapeutic, most effective tactics for eliminating it, let’s consider the types of manifestations of the disease.

There are two main types of gastric dyspeptic syndrome:

1. Functional type (alimentary), caused by partial or complete functional failure of the digestive organs.
2. The organic type of dyspeptic syndrome is characterized by enzymatic deficiency due to pathological processes in the main organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

The type of functional dyspepsia is divided into three forms of manifestation - putrefactive, fermentative and fatty (soapy).

Organic pathology developing against the background of enzymatic deficiency manifests itself:

• Hepatogenic form due to pathological processes in the liver, leading to deficiency of bile secretion.
• Cholicystogenic - the result of inflammatory processes in the gallbladder, leading to insufficiency of bile secretion.
• Pancreatogenic, which is a consequence of the incompetence of the pancreas, which is unable to produce a sufficient amount of enzymes involved in the process of breaking down food components.
• Gastrogenic, manifested as a result of disorders of the secretory functions of the stomach.
• The estrogenic form, as a result of disorders of the intestinal glands, leading to a decrease in the secretion of digestive juice enzymes.
• A mixed form, combining the manifestations of several forms of dyspepsia.

Each form is characterized by individual symptoms of dyspepsia and a special approach to treatment.

Symptoms of dyspepsia - features of manifestation

The main genesis of any form of the disease is associated with certain problems in the processes of food digestion, which occur as a result of disturbances in the motor and motor activity of the intestinal muscles. Such disorders lead to an imbalance of intestinal microflora.

Typical symptoms of intestinal dyspepsia are:

• pain syndrome in the epigastric (epigastric) zone, often at night;
• increased bloating of the stomach and intestines;
• feeling of satiety, with a long absence of food intake;
• digestive disorders with nausea, vomiting and heartburn.

Signs of dyspepsia may differ depending on the type of pathology that manifests itself.

The manifestation of fermentative dyspeptic syndrome is a consequence of long-term consumption of foods that cause fermentation or are rich in carbohydrates.

Carbonated drinks can provoke the process, and the fermentation process can be caused by dishes made from cabbage, legumes, excessive consumption of flour dishes, honey or kvass. All these products are favorable soil for the development of fermentative flora and yeast-like pathogenic fungi.

Symptoms of the fermentation form dyspepsia is characterized by severe flatulence and frequent diarrhea with a liquid, foamy and slightly colored structure, with a sour odor.

It can occur in an acute form, provoked by food containing a large amount of fiber in its structure. And in a chronic form, as a consequence of an acute process. This pathology is not characterized by severe attacks and is quickly cured.

The manifestation of symptoms of putrefactive dyspepsia is a consequence of excessive love for protein foods - meat, eggs or fish. The cause of this disorder is prolonged digestion of such products.

The development of a putrefactive form of the disease can cause even a slight consumption of this food, if it is of dubious quality. The decomposition process deactivates the body, provoking the suppression of the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms.

appear as:

• diarrhea with a putrid odor;
• reduction of functional protection;
• failure in metabolic processes;
• lack of appetite.

Development of the fat form the disease occurs when there is a malfunction in the secretory functions of the gland that produces pancreatic juice against the background of overeating a large amount of fatty, slowly digested foods. First of all, this applies to products containing sheep and pork fat.

With dyspepsia, vomiting is rare, although according to some sources it is considered a sign of the disease. It is vomiting that, in some patients, causes temporary relief.

In principle, all the above signs of the disease can manifest themselves in various combinations, with various types of gastric dyspepsia and be evidence of obvious pathological processes in the stomach:

1. With an ulcer-like course, frequent belching, heartburn, and the manifestation of "hungry" pains at night are noted.
2. With the dysmotor variant, there is a feeling of fullness in the stomach with a feeling of pressure and distension in the abdomen.
3. With a non-specific course, all signs can appear simultaneously.

Symptoms of organic dyspeptic syndrome is more expanded. Noted:

• signs of general deterioration;
• fast fatiguability;
• muscle weakness and migraines;
• development of insomnia at night or sudden drowsiness during the day;
• discomfort in the stomach and diarrhea;
• flatulence and intoxication symptoms without vomiting symptoms.

Dyspeptic syndrome in children

Dyspeptic disorders can manifest at any age. This pathology does not affect infants either. At this age it is called physiological dyspepsia.

The manifestation of symptoms of intestinal dyspepsia in very young children is due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract system, which is extremely vulnerable to changes in nutrition. In infants, pathological symptoms can be caused by:

• baby overeating;
• violation of feeding regime;
• new, unusual food in the diet;
• errors in the mother’s own nutrition.

In infancy, it is quite difficult to track the initial development of the disease, so it is necessary to monitor the baby, monitor his health, note changes after the introduction of new food, and pay attention to the child’s stool.

Children at puberty (teenagers) face this problem due to hormonal imbalance and the processes of restructuring the body.

It is hormonal surges that cause changes in the level of enzyme production, which ultimately ends in the manifestation of pathological symptoms of the organic form of the disease.

Without serious pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract, the signs of the disease in children are identical to those in adults. To avoid unpleasant symptoms, during adolescence, children should be periodically examined at the slightest noticeable deviation in health.

Treatment of dyspepsia, drugs and tests

The main criterion for a diagnostic examination of the functional form of dyspeptic syndrome is the exclusion of pathological conditions of organic origin, manifested by similar symptoms - reflux esophagitis, ulcerative pathology, malignant formation in the stomach, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, endocrine pathologies, scleroderma.

For a complete diagnosis, carry out:

• esophagogastroduodenoscopic examination;
• clinic and blood biochemistry;
• coprogram (stool examination) and examination for the presence of blood in it;
• electrogastrography;
• scintigraphy and gastric manometry;
• acidity monitoring.

The treatment tactics for dyspepsia are aimed at reducing clinical symptoms, preventing relapses and correcting life patterns to eliminate provocative factors that negatively affect the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract.

An integral part of the treatment process is rational selection of diet. It should not include irritating foods, be taken without long breaks, in small portions and chewed thoroughly.

Drug therapy, drugs

The selection of drug therapy is carried out in accordance with the form of the disease. An individual selection of drugs that normalize gastric motor function is carried out.

• Symptoms of gastric dyspepsia are corrected with drugs - "Bismuth", antisecretory agents, proton pump inhibitors.
• With increased acidity, antacid preparations are used that have a protective property of the mucous membranes from the harmful effects of acidity - Omeprazole, Maalox, Sucralfat
• Antibacterial agents are prescribed – “Trinidazole”;
• Prokinetics that stimulate gastric and intestinal motility - Metoclopramide, Dimetpramide, Domperidone, Motilium. A good effect in the stabilization of motor functions was shown by the use of the "placebo" technique.

If necessary, a neuropsychiatrist is included in the treatment process.

The prognosis for dyspeptic pathologies is favorable. If you follow medical recommendations, it is completely cured, but the risk of relapse of the disease with repeated manifestations of painful symptoms, even after a full course of treatment, remains.

Dyspeptic symptoms in the stomach develop as a result of insufficient production of digestive enzymes or as a result of poor nutrition. Dyspeptic symptoms are accompanied by unpleasant clinical manifestations from the intestines and gastrointestinal tract. Often, dyspeptic stomach disorders are diagnosed at an early age or in people with chronic diseases of the digestive system.

1 Classification of dyspepsia

Dyspeptic symptoms are divided into 4 types:

• fermentation;
• putrefactive;
• fat;
• pancreatic.

Fermentation disorders occur as a result of increased activity of the small intestine. In this case, carbohydrates from the foods consumed are not absorbed properly. Often this reason occurs as a result of frequent consumption of fermented foods and drinks, which create favorable conditions in the intestines for the formation of fermentable flora. Such disorders manifest themselves in the form of accumulation of gases, gurgling in the abdomen, and loose stools with a foul odor.

Putrefactive dyspeptic symptoms arise as a result of food rotting in the intestines. Such disorders appear when digestive secretion and the bactericidal function of hydrochloric acid are disrupted, that is, the level of acid-base balance in gastric juice is significantly reduced. In this case, microflora from the lower gastrointestinal tract appears in the upper part of the small intestine. It is the increased secretion of intestinal juice that leads to the appearance of putrefactive disorders. This form of dyspepsia is accompanied by frequent loose stools.

Fatty phenomena appear as a result of consuming poorly digestible fats. The cause of pancreatic disorders is pathology of the pancreas. Patients may complain of pain and rumbling in the abdomen, poor appetite and greasy diarrhea.

In addition, dyspepsia is classified into 2 groups of disorders. The first group includes functional phenomena that appear due to lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. In functional dyspeptic disorders, symptoms do not disappear after defecation.

The second group is associated with organic phenomena in which pathologies of the digestive system are observed. Such pathologies may include damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum or esophagus, ulcers, diseases of the biliary tract, pancreatitis, tumors, intestinal anemia, etc. When the cause of dyspepsia is eliminated, the clinical symptoms disappear.

Dyspepsia can be toxic, simple and chronic. The toxic form is characterized by acute disorders of the digestive system with clinical signs of toxicosis. Simple dyspepsia occurs as a result of poor nutrition. This form is most often observed in people with weakened immune systems or in pregnant women. Chronic dyspeptic symptoms appear more than 5-7 days during the month.

2 Causes of pathology

The cause of intestinal dyspepsia is most often an unhealthy and monotonous diet. Such dyspeptic disorders are called nutritional. Dyspeptic disorders are associated with slow gastric emptying. The cause of this phenomenon may be overeating or prolonged use of the same product. Stress and constant distraction during meals can lead to disorders.

The causes of functional phenomena are associated with a mismatch of central regulatory mechanisms. As for organic disorders, they can arise as a result of acute or chronic gastritis, the formation of benign or malignant tumors, ulcers, and gallbladder pathologies.

Taking certain medications, especially antibiotics, antituberculosis and antitumor drugs, and hormones can be the root cause of the development of dyspepsia. Stomach and intestinal disorders can be caused by household poisoning, viral diseases and purulent infections.

As a rule, dyspeptic symptoms are a symptom of another disease. Therefore, they can occur with gastroesophageal reflux disease, diaphragmatic hernia, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and viral hepatitis A.

In newborns or young children, dyspeptic disorders occur due to the fact that they are fed foods that are not appropriate for their age. In this case, children may develop intolerance to some product. A physiological form also develops, which is due to the immaturity of the enzyme production function. This pathology, as a rule, goes away on its own by 10-12 years.

3 Symptomatic manifestations

Clinical manifestations of dyspeptic disorders are very diverse. The nature of the manifestations of the pathology mainly depends on the root cause. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify the main symptoms that are characteristic of dyspepsia.

The patient experiences a feeling of discomfort and heaviness in the abdomen. In some cases, pain syndromes of different types may appear. The patient is also tormented by frequent belching of air, after which the patient’s well-being improves for a while.

Sometimes you may feel an unpleasant burning sensation in the upper abdomen and behind the sternum. Heartburn occurs after eating. The symptoms also include bloating, which is complemented by the accumulation of gases.

Patients' appetite worsens and a feeling of rapid satiety appears even after a small meal. Stool disorder also appears.

With enzymatic disorders, nausea and flatulence may appear. Clinical manifestations may include an unpleasant taste in the mouth and gurgling in the stomach. With enzymatic dyspepsia, stools become frequent and loose. The stool may contain remnants of undigested food. The patient's general condition worsens. Weakness, lethargy, insomnia, and fatigue appear.

The putrefactive manifestations of the pathology are similar to the symptoms of intoxication of the body. General malaise, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain appear. The stool is liquid with a characteristic odor. The stool takes on a dark hue.

Fermentative dyspepsia is accompanied by frequent gases and bloating. There may be no pain at all. The diarrhea becomes thin and foamy with a sour odor. Light-colored stool.

Fatty dyspeptic disorders are characterized by severe pain, belching and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen. Symptoms tend to worsen after eating. Stool is not frequent, but plentiful. Feces are whitish in color with a characteristic oily sheen.

How does dyspepsia manifest in newborns? Frequent regurgitation and bloating are considered a symptom of dyspeptic symptoms in infants. Feces have a green tint with whitish patches. The baby's behavior changes dramatically, he becomes very capricious.

4 Treatments

The main component of the treatment of dyspeptic disorders, regardless of the root cause, is nutritional adjustment. Only if you follow proper nutrition can you count on a positive treatment result.

You need to eat food often, about 4-5 times a day in fractional portions. Overeating and snacking, especially at night, is strictly prohibited. During treatment you should stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Preference should be given to low-fat broths, vegetable soups, water-based cereals, dairy products, pasta and liquids. You need to exclude fried and fatty foods, sweets, strong coffee, carbonated sweet drinks, chocolate, sour fruits and fresh vegetables. Diet is especially important for fatty dyspepsia.

Treatment of dyspepsia is complex. Doctors prescribe antidiarrheal drugs as medical treatment. The course of treatment is prescribed strictly by the attending physician, otherwise complications are possible. The patient is also prescribed antispasmodic painkillers, which quickly and permanently relieve pain.

To reduce the acidity of gastric juice, doctors prescribe hydrogen pump blockers or H2-histamine blockers.

Enzyme preparations break down food into microsubstances and thereby help normalize the digestion process.

If the cause of dyspepsia is stress or depression, drug treatment includes taking antidepressants and sedatives. Therapeutic measures can be carried out as a non-drug treatment.

Functional disorders are treated with procytetics. Such funds allow you to normalize the functional activity of the gastrointestinal tract. In case of ulcer-like manifestations of dyspepsia, doctors prescribe antisecretory drugs and antacids. In this case, eradication therapy can be carried out.

When treating putrefactive phenomena, the patient is prescribed therapeutic fasting for the first 2-3 days. It is allowed to drink only water without gas, rosehip broth or jelly. Among the medications, doctors prescribe Pancreatin and sulfonamides.

In addition, the underlying disease that caused dyspepsia is treated. Only with complex treatment can the development of complications and relapse be avoided.

5 Unconventional methods of therapy

Herbal decoctions have proven themselves to be effective in the treatment of dyspeptic disorders. To prepare one of them you will need 1 tsp. elecampane root and 250 ml of water. Fill the contents with water and place on low heat. Boil for 3-5 minutes. Strain the cooled broth through cheesecloth. Take 1/3 cup three times a day for 12-14 days. This method will help normalize the condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

To reduce pain syndrome, take 2 tbsp. mint, chamomile and sage flowers. 1/3 tbsp. crushed herbal mixture pour 200 ml of boiling water. Leave the infusion for 15-20 minutes. Take ½ glass three times a day before meals.

An infusion based on marjoram and cumin will help improve digestion. Take 1 tbsp. spices and pour 250 ml of boiling water over them. Let it brew for 15-20 minutes. Take an infusion 2 times a day for ½ cup.

A decoction of calamus rhizomes, valerian and fennel fruits will help relieve pain and normalize the gastrointestinal tract. Take 15 g of fennel and 20 g of calamus root and valerian. Pour the resulting mixture with 200 ml of boiling water and put on fire. Boil for 10-15 minutes. Take a decoction 2 times a day for ¾ cup.

A medicinal decoction based on yarrow, chamomile, mint and sage helps with flatulence. Take 1-1.5 tbsp. each herb and chop. Pour 1.5 teaspoons of herbal mixture with one glass of boiling water and leave on the stove for 7-10 minutes. Take 2 times a day, ½ cup.

A bath with linden helps relieve pain. Brew 150-200 g of dry linden in one liter of water. Boil the linden infusion for 5-7 minutes and pour the contents into the bath. You can take a bath for no more than 15-20 minutes. This bath has an antibacterial effect.

With loose stools, it is recommended to take an infusion of nettle, which has a strengthening effect in case of fermentation disorders, anti-inflammatory effect in all forms of dyspepsia. Pour 15-20 g of dry nettle with one glass of boiling water. Take 1 tbsp. infusion 3 times a day.

An infusion of common chicory relieves inflammation and reduces pain. Pour 200 ml of boiling water over 20 g of chicory. Take the infusion 3 times a day, 1 tbsp.

An infusion of centaury increases the appetite. To prepare it, you will need to pour 10 g of herb with one glass of boiling water. Leave for 20-25 minutes. Take 1 tbsp 30-40 minutes before meals.

Dyspepsia is a combined functional disorder of the digestive system. This is a complex of symptoms characteristic of many diseases, as well as borderline conditions.

The main causes of dyspepsia are a lack of digestive enzymes that cause malabsorption syndrome, or, most often, gross errors in nutrition. Dyspepsia caused by malnutrition is called nutritional dyspepsia.

Symptoms of dyspepsia can be caused by both the lack of a diet and an unbalanced diet.

Thus, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract organs without organic damage leads to functional dyspepsia (nutritional dyspepsia), and insufficiency of digestive enzymes is a consequence of organic damage to the gastrointestinal tract. In this case, dyspepsia is only a symptom of the underlying disease.

Dyspepsia in children develops due to a mismatch between the composition or quantity of food and the capabilities of the child’s gastrointestinal tract. The most common cause of dyspepsia in children in the first year of life is overfeeding the child or untimely introduction of new foods to the diet. In addition, newborns and children in the first weeks of life experience physiological dyspepsia due to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract. Physiological dyspepsia in children does not require treatment and goes away as the gastrointestinal tract matures.

Dyspepsia in older children often occurs during periods of increased growth, for example, in adolescence, and is associated with an imbalance of hormones (the so-called critical periods of development). In this condition, the gastrointestinal tract is especially vulnerable to dietary errors, while adolescents often overindulge in fast food, sugary carbonated drinks and foods with large amounts of easily digestible carbohydrates, which leads to dyspepsia.

Aerobic training is becoming more and more popular every day. With aerobic training, you can lower blood pressure, reduce the percentage of subcutaneous fat and even lower cholesterol.

Types of dyspepsia

Nutritional or functional dyspepsia is of the following types:

• Fermentative dyspepsia. It is caused by the predominance in the diet of foods high in carbohydrates that cause fermentation (sweet and flour products, honey, fruits, peas, cabbage, legumes, etc.), as well as fermentation products (kvass, mash, pickled vegetables, etc.). At the same time, fermentative microflora develops in the intestines;
• Putrid dyspepsia. Occurs with excessive consumption of protein products, especially those that require a long time to digest. This mainly applies to red meats (lamb, pork, beef) and their derivatives (sausages and other meat products), the abuse of which stimulates the development of putrefactive intestinal microflora;
• Fatty (soapy) dyspepsia. Caused by eating too much refractory fats, such as lamb and lard and their derivatives.

Dyspepsia, which is a consequence of enzyme deficiency, is of the following types:

• Hepatogenic (liver origin);
• Cholecystogenic (caused by impaired bile secretion);
• Pancreatogenic (lack of pancreatic enzymes);
• Gastrogenic (caused by disruption of the secretory function of the stomach);
• Enterogenous (disturbed secretion of intestinal juice);
• Mixed dyspepsia.

Symptoms of dyspepsia may vary depending on the type of disorder, but there are common signs that are common to all types of the disease. Common symptoms of dyspepsia include:

• Unpleasant sensations in the epigastric region (upper abdomen): a feeling of heaviness, fullness, sometimes pain of varying intensity;
• Nausea;
• Belching. Single belchings may not be a sign of a disorder, but constant ones indicate dyspepsia;
• Heartburn. A burning sensation in the epigastric and retrosternal region that occurs when aggressive gastric contents enter the esophagus, which should not normally occur;
• Flatulence. A feeling of fullness in the abdomen caused by increased gas formation in the intestines, as well as increased gas production;
• Stool disorder. A characteristic symptom of dyspepsia is irregular bowel movements, usually frequent.

Symptoms of dyspepsia caused by a lack of digestive enzymes are the following: unpleasant taste in the mouth, nausea, rumbling and transfusion in the stomach, flatulence, loss of appetite, frequent loose stools. The general condition suffers, the patient experiences increased fatigue, weakness, malaise, and there may be sleep disturbances and headaches. Feces contain significant amounts of undigested food.

Fermentative dyspepsia is characterized by rumbling in the abdomen, severe flatulence, frequent loose stools with the release of light, foamy feces, with a characteristic sour odor, and possible pain.

Symptoms of putrefactive dyspepsia resemble symptoms of intoxication: general malaise, weakness, nausea, severe headache. The stool is frequent, the stool is liquid, dark, with a pungent putrid odor.

For fatty dyspepsia, diarrhea is less typical than for other types of dyspepsia. Patients complain of a feeling of heaviness and fullness in the abdomen, belching, flatulence and pain, which intensifies half an hour or an hour after eating. The stool is copious, the feces are whitish in color, containing the remains of undigested fat, with a characteristic oily sheen.

Dyspepsia in young children manifests itself as regurgitation, bloating, frequent stools (more than 6 times a day), green stools, containing whitish flakes. The baby is capricious, sleep is disturbed, and appetite is reduced.

Diagnosis of dyspepsia

The diagnosis is made on the basis of studying the characteristic symptoms of dyspepsia, with clarifying laboratory tests (general blood test, urine test, stool test for worm eggs, coprogram, study of the secretion of the gastrointestinal tract) and instrumental (fibrogastroduodenoscopy, ultrasound and radiography of the abdominal organs, etc.). ) methods for diagnosing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Nutritional or functional dyspepsia is diagnosed on the basis of the characteristic symptoms of dyspepsia, the establishment of nutritional errors, and stool examinations in the absence of pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment of dyspepsia

Treatment of dyspepsia of nutritional origin consists of prescribing a fasting pause, lasting from a day to a day and a half, then gradually introducing food. Particular attention is paid to a balanced diet and adherence to food intake. It is necessary to limit the consumption of foods that cause dyspepsia. You also need to monitor your drinking regime; the recommended amount of water should be at least 1.5 liters per day.

Treatment of dyspepsia caused by enzyme deficiency consists of correcting enzyme deficiency, for which replacement therapy with drugs containing the necessary enzymes is used, as well as following a diet that relieves the affected area of ​​the gastrointestinal tract. With this type of dyspepsia, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Dyspepsia is a condition characterized by the presence of the following symptoms: pain or discomfort in the epigastrium (epigastric region), nausea, heartburn, belching, bloating, vomiting, etc. These symptoms originate from the upper gastrointestinal tract, they are not specific and may appear for various pathologies of the digestive system.

We can talk about dyspepsia when this condition persists in the patient for more than 4 weeks. This pathology affects 20 to 40% of the population. There is functional and organic dyspepsia. The latter often occurs against the background of diseases of the digestive system and is considered their manifestation.

Causes of dyspepsia

The main causes of dyspepsia are a lack of digestive enzymes that cause malabsorption syndrome, or, most often, gross errors in nutrition. Dyspepsia caused by malnutrition is called nutritional dyspepsia.

Symptoms of dyspepsia can be caused by both the lack of a diet and an unbalanced diet.

Thus, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract organs without organic damage leads to functional dyspepsia (nutritional dyspepsia), and insufficiency of digestive enzymes is a consequence of organic damage to the gastrointestinal tract. In this case, dyspepsia is only a symptom of the underlying disease.

Dyspepsia in children develops due to a mismatch between the composition or quantity of food and the capabilities of the child’s gastrointestinal tract. The most common cause of dyspepsia in children in the first year of life is overfeeding the child or untimely introduction of new foods to the diet. In addition, newborns and children in the first weeks of life experience physiological dyspepsia due to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract. Physiological dyspepsia in children does not require treatment and goes away as the gastrointestinal tract matures.

Dyspepsia in older children often occurs during periods of increased growth, for example, in adolescence, and is associated with an imbalance of hormones (the so-called critical periods of development). In this condition, the gastrointestinal tract is especially vulnerable to dietary errors, while adolescents often overindulge in fast food, sugary carbonated drinks and foods with large amounts of easily digestible carbohydrates, which leads to dyspepsia.

Aerobic training is becoming more and more popular every day. With aerobic training, you can lower blood pressure, reduce the percentage of subcutaneous fat and even lower cholesterol.

Classification of dyspepsia

Based on the pathogenetic principle, functional and organic dyspepsia are distinguished. Organic dyspepsia usually accompanies various diseases of the digestive tract, while functional dyspepsia occurs in the absence of organic damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

Based on the causative factor, the following variants of dyspepsia are distinguished:

• Alimentary– usually associated with a violation of the ratio of essential nutrients in the diet. Fermentative dyspepsia develops when carbohydrates predominate in the menu, putrefactive dyspepsia develops when proteins and stale meat predominate, soap dyspepsia develops when there is an excess of refractory fats;

• Enzymatic– associated with insufficient production of digestive enzymes. Depending on which organ the enzyme deficiency has developed, gastrogenic, pancreatogenic, hepatogenic and enterogenic dyspepsia are distinguished;

• Dyspepsia with malabsorption syndrome- associated with impaired absorption of nutrients in the intestine;

• Infectious- develops with various intestinal infections, most often with dysentery and salmonellosis;

• Intoxication– occurs in acute poisoning, severe general infections, extensive injuries.

There are also four clinical forms of functional dyspepsia: ulcer-like, dyskinetic, reflux-like and indeterminate.

Symptoms of dyspepsia

The diagnosis of functional dyspepsia is established if three mandatory criteria are present. The first of these is complaints of pain and discomfort in the upper abdomen along the midline for one week every month, or 12 weeks a year. The second is the absence of organic changes in the gastrointestinal tract during physical, endoscopic and ultrasound examination of the upper digestive tract. The third criterion is the absence of signs of irritable bowel syndrome (relief of symptoms after bowel movements or changes in the nature and frequency of stool).

There are a number of signs in the presence of which the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia is excluded: dysphagia, increased body temperature, the appearance of blood in the stool, inflammatory changes in clinical tests, causeless weight loss, anemia. If these symptoms are present, a more in-depth examination of the patient is required to make a correct diagnosis.

There are four variants of the course of functional dyspepsia, each of which has its own clinical and physical signs. Thus, the ulcer-like variant is manifested by quite severe night or hunger pains in the epigastric region, often occurring after emotional stress. The pain syndrome is relieved by eating and administering antacids. A characteristic symptom is a feeling of fear during an attack, obsessive thoughts about the presence of an incurable disease.

The dyskinetic variant of dyspepsia is expressed by a feeling of fullness in the stomach after eating, heaviness in the epigastrium, nausea, and bloating. Vomiting is possible, which brings relief. Patients note that after eating they feel quickly full. Reflux-like dyspepsia is manifested by heartburn, a feeling of burning pain behind the sternum, belching and regurgitation of acid. The last form of the disease - vague, or nonspecific - is characterized by a polymorphism of symptoms, and it is not possible to single out one leading one. Functional dyspepsia is characterized by a long course and lack of progression of symptoms.

Diagnosis of dyspepsia

1. Analysis of the medical history and complaints (when (how long ago) did pain, abdominal discomfort appear, how often do they occur, is their occurrence related to food intake, how long does heartburn last, what does the patient associate with the occurrence of these symptoms).
2. Analysis of the life history (does the patient suffer from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (formation of ulcers in the stomach and duodenum), etc.).
3. Laboratory research methods:

• Clinical and biochemical blood tests (can identify signs of inflammation, dysfunction of internal organs - liver, kidneys, pancreas);

• Analysis of stool for occult blood (the detection of occult blood in the stool is a sign of peptic ulcer of the stomach and/or duodenum (formation of ulcers and defects of varying depths in the wall of the stomach and/or duodenum), or ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the intestines));

• Coprogram - stool analysis (undigested food fragments, large amounts of fat, coarse dietary fiber can be detected).

3. Instrumental research methods:

• Test of gastric acid production (if the acidity (pH) of the stomach is less than 2.0 together with a large volume of measured material (>140 ml), this is a reason to suspect the pathological (abnormal) nature of dyspepsia);

• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (a diagnostic procedure during which the doctor examines and evaluates the condition of the inner surface of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum using a special optical instrument (endoscope)) with a mandatory biopsy (taking a fragment of an organ to determine the structure of its tissue and cells);

• Examination of the material of the stomach and / or respiratory diagnostics for the presence of Helicobacter pylori (a bacterium that damages the walls of the stomach and duodenum in the course of its life);

• Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the abdominal cavity to determine the presence of a tumor of the pancreas, stomach wall or duodenum;

• Colonoscopy (a diagnostic procedure during which the doctor examines and evaluates the condition of the inner surface of the large intestine using a special optical instrument (endoscope));

• X-ray (performed if necessary if a tumor or narrowing of the esophagus is suspected). The patient swallows a small amount (usually 200 ml) of liquid contrast (a special substance that is clearly visible on an x-ray), and with the help of an x-ray machine, the advance or stagnation of the contrast agent through the esophagus into the stomach is observed;

• Computed tomography (CT) is performed to detect a hard-to-diagnose tumor or damage to the esophagus, stomach, intestines;

• Electrogastroenterography - reveals a violation of motility (advancement of food masses) of the stomach and intestines;

• Esophageal and antroduodeal manometry - a study of the contractile (motor) ability of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.

Treatment of dyspepsia

Before starting the treatment of intestinal dyspepsia, the type of disease is determined in order to choose the right diet on the first day of therapy.

• With alimentary dyspepsia, the patient is recommended to completely refrain from eating for two days. The transition to the usual diet should be gradual and consistent;

• In the case of fermentative dyspepsia, the patient should refrain from foods rich in carbohydrates;

• For fatty dyspepsia, a low-fat diet is prescribed;

• With putrefactive dyspepsia, the patient must limit the intake of protein foods;

• Treatment of enzymatic dyspepsia requires taking medications containing digestive enzymes.

Treatment of functional dyspepsia

Diet therapy and giving up bad habits play a very important role in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Nicotine, alcohol, coffee, disrupting gastrointestinal motility, can provoke relapses of the disease. A balanced diet for patients in this case involves frequent and small meals, and it is recommended to significantly reduce the content of saturated fatty acids in their diet.

In the dyskinetic form of the pathology, the main drugs for the treatment of dyspepsia are prokinetics (metoclopramide and domperidone), which have a beneficial effect on the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract. It should be remembered that in 20-30% of patients, metoclopramide, especially with long-term use, causes undesirable side effects from the central nervous system in the form of drowsiness, fatigue and anxiety, therefore the drug of choice for the treatment of functional dyspepsia is domperidone, which does not cause such side effects.

Treatment of intestinal dyspepsia

Treatment of fermentative dyspepsia consists of limiting, or better yet completely eliminating, carbohydrates from the diet for 3-4 days. The general condition of patients with this form of dyspepsia suffers slightly. Acute fermentation dyspepsia can be quickly eliminated with the right diet. However, sometimes if the dietary regimen is not followed, dyspepsia can become chronic. The aggravating factor is achylia. Dyspepsia in some cases can develop into chronic enteritis and chronic enterocolitis. After 1-2 fasting days, you should prescribe an increased amount of proteins (cottage cheese, lean meat, boiled fish), meat broth with a small amount of white bread. In the future, water porridge, fruit purees and jelly are gradually included in the diet (see Diet No. 4 according to Pevzner). After 2-3 weeks, vegetables and fruits are allowed.

If diarrhea does not go away quickly, prescribe calcium carbonate 0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day, magnesium perhydrol 0.5 g 3 times a day. For a long time, the consumption of vegetables rich in coarse plant fiber is prohibited - cabbage, legumes, cucumbers, beets, etc.

Treatment of putrefactive dyspepsia also involves prescribing a diet. After one hungry day, they switch to a diet rich in carbohydrates. It is advisable to prescribe fruit juices and grated apples 1-1.5 kg per day for 2-3 days. Then the diet includes mucous infusions of rice, semolina porridge with water, crackers, and white bread. After 5-7 days, add butter, fresh lean fish, chicken, vegetable soups, mashed potatoes or carrots. Among medications, natural gastric juice, bismuth nitrate, pancreatin, and chloramphenicol are recommended.

Treatment of fatty dyspepsia comes down to limiting the amount of fat you eat. The diet includes complete animal proteins: lean meat, low-fat cottage cheese, boiled fish, etc. The consumption of carbohydrates is moderately limited. Medicines prescribed include calcium carbonate, bismuth, and vitamins - ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, cyanocobalamin.

Traditional methods of treating dyspepsia

• A mixture of blue blackberry leaves (2 tablespoons) and calendula officinalis flowers (1 tablespoon) is steamed in 1 liter of boiling water, drink 2/3 cup 3 times a day;

• 3-4 g of chopped celery root are poured into 1 liter of water, left for 8 hours, filtered. Take 1 teaspoon 3 times a day. You can use other recipes: a) 1 tablespoon of seeds is poured into 2 glasses of cold boiled water, left for 2 hours and filtered. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day; b) drink fresh juice from the roots 1-2 teaspoons 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals;

• To improve digestion, especially after heavy meals with fatty foods, take cumin with marjoram. To prepare a medicinal decoction, pour a glass of boiling water into 1 tablespoon of ground cumin and marjoram seeds, let it brew for 15 minutes and drink 1/2 cup 2 times a day;

• The following mixture normalizes all metabolic processes well: honey – 625 g, aloe – 375 g, red wine – 675 g. Grind the aloe in a meat grinder (do not water it for 5 days before cutting). Mix everything. Take 1 teaspoon for the first 5 days, and then 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 1 hour before meals. Duration of treatment – ​​from 2 weeks to 1.5 months.
• 100 g of barley with 4-5 pears are boiled in 1 liter of water over low heat for 20 minutes, cooled, filtered and used as a remedy for belching;

• To normalize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, drink an infusion of elecampane. Grind the rhizome and roots of this plant and pour 1 teaspoon with a glass of boiled, cooled water. Leave to infuse for 8 hours, covered. Strain and drink 1/4 cup 3-4 times a day 20 minutes before meals for at least 2 weeks;

• Brew two tablespoons of the mixture (calamus rhizome - 1 part, buckthorn bark - 3 parts, mint leaves - 2 parts, nettle leaves - 2 parts, dandelion root - 1 part, valerian root - 1 part) with 2 cups of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes and strain. Drink 1/2 glass in the morning and evening;

• 10 g of fennel fruits are poured into a glass of boiling water, heated in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled to room temperature, filtered and the volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted to 200 ml. This amount is drunk in equal portions throughout the day for indigestion4

• In old age, it is necessary to give an enema at least once a week, even if the stomach is working normally, because a short-term retention of feces in the intestines can, without showing any pain, poison the body. It is also very good to drink infusions of herbs on an empty stomach - mint, chamomile or wormwood. This is very useful and helps improve digestion;

• The following collection will help regulate intestinal activity and get rid of pain. Mix 15 g of fennel fruits and calamus rhizomes, 20 g of valerian roots and mint leaves and 30 g of chamomile. Pour 10 g of the mixture into a glass of boiling water and keep in a closed enamel container in a water bath for 15 minutes. Bring the resulting volume to the original volume and start taking it after 45 minutes. Drink 3/4 glass 3 times a day after meals. The decoction relieves inflammation and normalizes digestion. The pain will stop after 2 weeks;

• For intestinal colic, take an infusion of wormwood or Chernobyl. Pour a teaspoon of herbs into a glass of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes, then strain. Take a tablespoon before meals 3-4 times a day;

• Brew two tablespoons of a mixture of knotweed herb - 1 part, cinquefoil herb - 1 part, plantain leaves - 2 parts with 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 30-40 minutes, strain. Drink half a glass 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals;

• To relieve intestinal spasms and intestinal colic, baths with linden blossom are recommended: 8-9 handfuls of linden blossom, brew 1 liter of hot water, boil, let it brew and pour into a hot bath. Linden blossom also has an antibacterial effect. The duration of the bath is no more than 15 minutes;

• For persistent hiccups, Russian doctors prescribed a decoction of dill fruits (seeds). In addition, it improves digestion, soothes coughs, and is used for flatulence. Pour a tablespoon of seeds into a glass of boiling water and leave for half an hour, then strain. Take a tablespoon 4-5 times a day 15 minutes before meals. The decoction also has a slight diuretic and lactogenic effect;

• Mix the rhizome with the roots of valerian officinalis, peppermint herb, chamomile flowers and herb, and calendula officinalis flowers equally. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a thermos with a glass of boiling water overnight and strain. Take 1/3 cup half an hour after meals 3 times a day for bloating (flatulence);

Brew two teaspoons of a mixture of buckthorn bark - 2 parts, anise fruit - 2 parts, yarrow herb - 1 part, mustard seeds - 2 parts, licorice root - 3 parts with 1 glass of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes and strain. Drink half a glass in the morning and evening as a tea to regulate intestinal activity.

Prevention of dyspepsia

To prevent the development of gastric dyspepsia, you need to adhere to the rules of prevention. They are quite simple and do not require any special conditions to complete. Doctors recommend:

• products should always be fresh;

• physical activity is necessary, but it should be moderate;

• exclude the consumption of alcoholic beverages, fast food, coffee;

• carry out normal hygiene procedures - wash your hands before eating, thoroughly clean vegetables and fruits of contaminants.

If you are predisposed to the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, heartburn and belching periodically appear, there is increased gas formation, constipation or diarrhea, then you need to be more careful about your own health. It is necessary to be examined by a gastroenterologist once a year - this will help identify dyspeptic disorders at the earliest stage. Stomach dyspepsia is a disease, in principle, not dangerous to human health. But it can lead to disruptions in the functioning of any organ of the gastrointestinal tract, and the state of health during periods of intense manifestation of symptoms leaves much to be desired. Therefore, it is necessary to respond promptly to even minor disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system - this will help you quickly regain your health.

Dyspeptic disorders occur in most people. This is a complex pathological condition that accompanies many gastrointestinal diseases, and can also manifest itself due to errors in diet and emotional overload. It is very important to diagnose the disease in time in order to properly approach its treatment.

What is dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a complex of painful symptoms in the stomach, which is often accompanied by indigestion. This disease is acid-dependent and manifests itself in most people with increased secretory function of the digestive glands. Dyspeptic syndrome may indicate the presence of a certain gastrointestinal pathology or be an independent disease. A sudden release of hydrochloric acid into the stomach occurs for various reasons. Dyspepsia can occur in both adults and children. In the first case, the symptoms are especially acute, while in the second they may be periodic and not appear so clearly.

The structure of the digestive system shows the close proximity of all organs. Dyspepsia is often caused by pathology near the organs located near the stomach.

What is dyspepsia - video

Classification of pathology

Dyspeptic syndrome is divided into functional and organic. The first type is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms in practically healthy people. The second type of disease appears against the background of other gastrointestinal pathologies. Functional dyspepsia has the following classification:

1. Ulcer-like syndrome. In its manifestations, this type is similar to gastric ulcer, but does not have characteristic defects of the mucous membrane.
2. Dyskinetic. Symptoms occur immediately after eating. And they are often accompanied by intestinal manifestations: flatulence,...
3. Non-specific. Has mixed symptoms of the forms listed above. Practically does not occur in children.

There is also the following classification of dyspeptic syndrome:

1. Alimentary species. It develops against the background of errors in the diet and the predominance of one or another product in the diet. This type is divided into:
   • fermentative form - occurs when there is a significant amount of carbohydrate food in the diet;
   • putrefactive - develops when consuming large amounts of protein, especially stale protein;
   • soapy or fatty - occurs when there is a predominance of fats in the menu.
2. Toxic. Occurs against the background of various food poisoning, as well as during intoxication with toxic substances. Divided into the following subtypes:
   • intoxication - manifested by both stomach pain and intestinal upset;
   • intestinal toxicosis - develops against the background of suppression of normal microflora and the introduction of pathogenic ones.
3. Neurotic. It manifests itself against a background of increased anxiety and other psychological disorders.
4. Simple. May have mixed symptoms of several types. However, it does not manifest itself too sharply. There are mild symptoms.
5. Biliary. Associated with the release of bile into the stomach. This process causes characteristic symptoms. Accompanied by gallbladder dysfunction.
6. Enzymatic. Develops due to insufficient amounts of digestive enzymes. Divided into:
   • gastrogenic type - occurs when the production of hydrochloric acid and enzymes in the stomach is disrupted;
   • enterogenous - develops as a result of a violation of secretion in the intestine;
   • pancreatogenic - is a consequence of a lack of pancreatic enzymes;
   • hepatogenic - occurs when the production of bile by the liver is impaired.

Causes and development factors

Dyspeptic syndrome may have the following causes:

• infections that enter the stomach when eating poor quality food;
• chronic gastritis with increased secretory function;
• chronic pancreatitis and cholecystitis;
• cholelithiasis;
• chronic enterocolitis and sigmoiditis;
• taking certain medications: antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives and acetylsalicylic acid.

A provoking factor can be foods that increase the acidity of gastric juice and promote hypersecretion, causing heartburn, pain and burning in the epigastrium. These primarily include sour, fatty and fried foods, as well as fast food.

The main symptoms of the disease

The distinctive signs of pathology directly depend on its form. The alimentary species is characterized by:

• flatulence;
• pain in the abdomen;
• belching;
• feeling of fullness in the stomach.

The toxic type has the following symptoms:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• burning in the epigastrium;
• diarrhea;
• increase in body temperature.

Neurotic dyspepsia manifests itself:

• increased nervousness;
• burning in the stomach;
• nausea;
• lump in throat;
• alternating diarrhea and constipation.

The biliary type is characterized by:

• burning in the epigastrium;
• change in stool color;
• morning sickness;
• pain in the right hypochondrium;
• diarrhea.

Enzymatic dyspepsia manifests itself:

• nausea;
• heaviness in the stomach and a feeling of fullness;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea with the remains of undigested food.

Differences in symptoms of organic and functional dyspepsia - table

Diagnostic tests

In the presence of dyspeptic manifestations, a whole range of diagnostic studies is prescribed:

1. FGDS. It is a method of examining the gastrointestinal tract using a special endoscope - a thin tube with a camera, which is placed through the oral cavity into the esophagus and stomach to obtain a detailed picture of the mucous membrane. This reveals microscopic changes, as well as ulcers, erosions and polyps.
2. Colonoscopy. This method is similar to the previous one, however, with it, an endoscope is inserted through the rectum and thus any changes in the mucous membrane are diagnosed. In this case, it is possible to differentiate dyspepsia from intestinal cancer and other functional diseases.
3. Biochemical blood test. Using this method, the level of liver parameters is determined, as well as the presence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium in the blood.
4. Irrigoscopy. Using an X-ray examination of the stomach and intestines, the condition of these organs is determined. The procedure is performed using liquid barium, which the patient must first swallow. It is this substance that is radiopaque and, enveloping the mucous membranes, allows one to obtain a detailed picture of the organs.
5. ultrasound. Ultrasound examination can detect chronic pancreatitis, liver changes and the condition of the gallbladder.
6. Stool examination. It is carried out to determine hidden blood and microorganisms that can cause dyspeptic disorders.

Drug treatment of dyspeptic disorders and first aid

First aid for acute manifestations of dyspeptic syndrome is to eliminate symptoms. This is especially important if there is an infection. In this case, you should take adsorbents that will help remove the causative agents of toxic dyspepsia from the body, as well as excess amounts of hydrochloric acid. These drugs include Enterosgel and activated carbon. If diarrhea occurs, then you can take Smecta.

Drug treatment of dyspeptic disorders depends on the manifestation of characteristic symptoms. The following groups of drugs are most often used:

1. Intestinal antibiotics and antidiarrheals. Among the antiseptics that are used for toxic dyspepsia are Alpha Normix, which acts directly in the stomach and intestines. Antidiarrheal drugs are used for prolonged diarrhea. Most often these are Loperamide and Smecta.
2. Antiemetic drugs. Used for persistent nausea and vomiting. These drugs block the vomiting center in the brain and eliminate unpleasant symptoms. These include: Cerucal and Motilium.
3. Remedies for heartburn and burning in the stomach. Antacids help neutralize the aggressive components of hydrochloric acid and have an enveloping effect on the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. The most commonly prescribed are Maalox, Rennie and Gastal.
4. Antispasmodics and motor stimulants. They help eliminate pain in the abdomen and accelerate the movement of food through all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, preventing fermentation processes. These include Trimedat.
5. Prebiotics and probiotics. Stimulate the growth of beneficial microflora and regulate intestinal function. The most popular of this line of products are: Linex and Hilak Forte.
6. Proton pump blockers. Used for hypersecretion of the digestive glands. These medications block the release of hydrochloric acid, lowering the acidity of the stomach. Most often prescribed: Omez and Nolpaza.
7. Enzymes. Promotes high-quality digestion of food in case of insufficient pancreas function. Pancreatin, Mezim and Creon are used.

Medicines used for dyspepsia - gallery

Alpha Normix is ​​an intestinal antibiotic
Smecta eliminates diarrhea and dyspeptic symptoms in the stomach. Motilium blocks the vomiting center in the brain.

Gastal envelops the gastric mucosa, relieving burning sensation Trimedat eliminates pain in the stomach and intestines Hilak Forte restores intestinal microflora
Omez blocks the release of hydrochloric acid Mezim improves the quality of digestion

Diet food and list of prohibited foods

Dietary nutrition in the presence of dyspepsia helps regulate digestion and prevents the occurrence of pain and flatulence. To do this, exclude all foods that can cause hypersecretion and fermentation processes in the intestines. These include:

• fresh fruits, especially apples, grapes and citrus fruits;
• fresh vegetables: eggplants, tomatoes, mushrooms, cabbage, legumes and onions;
• spices;
• soda;
• alcohol;
• semi-finished products;
• baking;
• fatty and fried foods;
• fast food;
• ice cream;
• sauces.

List of prohibited products - gallery

Fruits enhance fermentation processes in the intestines Vegetables have a negative effect on the irritated gastric mucosa Spices increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid
Alcohol is harmful to the digestive organs. Convenience foods increase secretion and fermentation. Baking contributes to heartburn and flatulence.
Confectionery products cause a burning sensation in the stomach Fatty dishes increase dyspepsia Fast food negatively affects the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract

Ice cream is not consumed due to its low temperature Sauces provoke increased secretion Lemonades irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract

• dairy and fermented milk products;
• porridge from buckwheat, millet and oats;
• vegetable stew of zucchini and potatoes;
• steamed fish cutlets;
• bananas and persimmons;
• jelly;
• rosehip decoction;
• mashed potatoes;
• vegetarian cabbage soup;
• noodle soups;
• pasta.

Dairy products help eliminate burning and pain in the stomach Cereal porridges improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract Vegetable stew is well digested
Steamed cutlets are very healthy Bananas promote bowel function
Persimmon has an astringent effect, eliminating heartburn
Kissel coats the stomach Rosehip decoction reduces inflammation Mashed potatoes are not a secretion stimulant
You can add chicken to cabbage soup. Vermicelli soup can be seasoned with herbs.
Pasta does not have a negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract

Folk methods of treatment

Traditional medicine methods are often used to treat dyspeptic disorders. The most effective recipes:

1. Anti-inflammatory collection that has an antispasmodic effect. To prepare the decoction you will need the following herbs: chamomile, mint, calamus and licorice. They should be taken in equal quantities and mixed. 1 tbsp. l. The mixture must be poured with 350 ml of boiling water and put on low heat. After boiling for 10 minutes, cool and filter. Then take a quarter glass 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals for 10–14 days.
2. Remedy for stomach pain. To prepare it you will need 1 medium potato. It must be peeled and grated, then squeeze the juice through cheesecloth into a glass. Add 0.5 tsp to it. honey and lemon juice. Mix everything thoroughly and heat slightly. Take 3 times a day 10 minutes before meals, warm, for a week.
3. A collection that regulates the functioning of the stomach and intestines. To prepare it you will need mint, chamomile and St. John's wort. They should be mixed in equal quantities. Take 1 tbsp. l. mixture and pour 300 ml of boiling water. Cover with a lid and let stand for about 30 minutes. Then filter and take a quarter glass 3 times a day, half an hour before meals, for 10 days.

Chewing flax seeds is very beneficial for the stomach and intestines. During this process, beneficial mucus is formed, which, when swallowed, has a beneficial effect on the condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive organs. Pain, burning and other unpleasant symptoms are eliminated. To do this, you should consume 1 tsp of flax seeds on an empty stomach. within a month. They need to be chewed thoroughly.

Calamus has a mild choleretic effect Lemon reduces nausea

Treatment prognosis and possible complications

When determining the cause and type of dyspeptic disorder, as a rule, the prognosis is favorable if you approach treatment comprehensively and follow all the doctor’s instructions. Consequences can only occur if the cause of the syndrome is a stomach ulcer, which, if not treated in a timely manner, can lead to bleeding. The same applies to pancreatitis and cholecystitis. In the first case, there is a risk of self-digestion of the organ, as a result of which you can end up on the operating table. This condition can be fatal.

Cholecystitis, accompanied by cholelithiasis, is also fraught with danger. This pathological process can cause blockage of the bile duct, as a result of which the organ will have to be removed.

Preventive actions

Prevention of dyspeptic disorders is as follows:

1. In the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases: cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, ulcers, enterocolitis.
2. Reducing the level of anxiety, stress and emotional overload.
3. A balanced diet excluding foods that increase acidity.
4. I find it helpful in avoiding snacks and quick meals.

Dyspeptic disorders respond well to treatment, especially at the initial stage. An important point is the identification of the provoking factor, after which the patient’s condition improves. Compliance with prevention contributes to the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.