Healthy lymph nodes in the neck. Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck - treatment

The posterior cervical lymph nodes are located between the mastoid region of the temporal bone and the clavicle. They prevent the development of respiratory tract infections. If the glands on the back of the head swell, then it is possible that the lymph nodes on the back of the neck will also become inflamed very soon.

The location of the lymph nodes in the neck

Lymph nodes are located in different parts of the body and produce leukocytes - cells of the immune system that not only fight foreign microorganisms, but also destroy foreign proteins. The lymph nodes become inflamed if the infectious agent is too strong and requires considerable force to destroy it.

The size of the posterior cervical lymph node from 5 to 10 mm is the norm. If the lymph node enlarged on the back of the neck, for example, only on the right side, then this indicates the presence of a pathological process. This means that leukocytes no longer interfere with the active reproduction of microbes.

Depletion of the body's defenses in the presence of an active infection leads to the fact that the pathology becomes chronic. The clinical picture depends on the nature of the disease. With an oncological origin, enlarged lymph nodes in the back of the neck can merge into conglomerates.

The activity of bacteria provokes significant changes in the posterior cervical lymph nodes with possible reddening of the skin and accumulation of pus in the tissues. The fungal etiology of the pathology is indicated by the unhurried growth of the affected tissues, as well as their compaction. The supraclavicular lymph node is normally not palpable. If it is detected by palpation, then this may be a sign of an oncological process.

Possible diseases

If the lymph nodes on the back of the neck have increased, but there is no pain syndrome, then such an anomaly is called lymphadenopathy and is usually a sign of ailments of nearby organs.

Soreness that appears in the posterior lymph node of the neck indicates inflammation that has developed in it. This pathology is called lymphadenitis and occurs in response to too much onslaught of microorganisms on the lymph node or due to insufficient lymph filtration by it.

If the lymph nodes on the back of the neck have increased, then you need to see a doctor and get a treatment regimen. To restore a healthy state of the organ, as a rule, it is enough to treat the underlying disease that led to the increase in size.

The posterior lymph nodes in the neck may enlarge due to the following reasons:

• otitis media;
• metabolic disorders;
• rhinitis;
• the presence of a boil;
• pneumonia;
• cancer;
• animal scratches;
• diseases of the oral cavity (for example, caries);
• HIV infection;
• tuberculosis;
• purulent sore throat;
• syphilis;
• allergic pathologies;
• ailments caused by fungi;
• immunodeficiency;
• alcohol abuse;
• rubella, toxoplasmosis and other infectious diseases;
• pharyngitis.

Posterior cervical lymphadenitis on the one hand is as dangerous as bilateral, since the affected areas are located near the brain, which, over time, can provoke the spread of infection to its tissues. Inflammation on both sides may indicate a serious medical condition.

Disease manifestations

The affected posterior cervical lymph nodes are easily palpated. In this case, pain does not always occur. Most often, lymph nodes enlarge in response to a cold, which manifests itself in various symptoms. The skin of the neck turns red.

Posterior cervical lymphadenitis is characterized by the fact that palpation of the affected node causes pain. Head turns are accompanied by unpleasant sensations (painful or pulling). The swollen area of \u200b\u200bthe skin looks like a small bump. In addition, there is discomfort during the act of swallowing and during a conversation.

Pain when turning the neck is one of the main symptoms of the pathology of the posterior cervical lymph nodes

With the accumulation of pus in the lymph node behind the neck, there are the following signs of intoxication:

• indifference to business;
• feeling unwell;
• decreased appetite;
• fever.

Lack of timely treatment can lead to the development of complications, manifested by swelling of the entire surface of the neck and an increase in local temperature.

How to identify the true cause

A swollen lymph node in the back of the neck often indicates a fungal infection of the occiput or otitis media. A large number of pathological foci cannot be ignored. You need to visit a therapist as soon as possible.

If the lymph node enlarged in the back of the neck, then this may be a sign of angina, as well as suppuration of the roots of the teeth, an inflammatory process of the thyroid gland or the skeletal system of the skull. To identify the cause, you need to see a doctor, undergo an ultrasound scan and laboratory diagnostics. You may need to consult narrow specialists.

Based on the results of analyzes and palpation, the patient will be recommended to visit one or more doctors (hematologist, dentist, etc.). It is possible that it would be advisable to undergo an ultrasound of the lymph nodes, donate blood for infectious diseases, and also conduct an analysis of the bone marrow.

To identify the nature of inflammation, it is recommended to pass a general blood test, in which the corresponding indicators will be changed. The earlier treatment is started, the easier it will be to overcome the disease. At the discretion of the doctor, a biopsy can be performed, as well as targeted therapy (in order to eliminate pain and normalize the patient's well-being).

Treatment of posterior cervical lymph nodes

After eliminating the cause of the disease of the lymph nodes in the back of the neck, their sizes gradually return to normal. The choice of drugs is carried out based on the cause of the pathology. So, the treatment of fungal infections of the scalp is usually carried out using local remedies. Systemic antibiotics are rarely used (only for severe fungal infection). With the bacterial or viral nature of the inflammatory process, antibiotics or antiviral medicines are used.

If a person has an inflamed posterior cervical lymph nodes, then drugs are usually prescribed that improve the functioning of the immune system and stop the inflammatory process, for example, Prednisolone, Medrol. Sometimes it is recommended to take vitamin C, which helps to strengthen the body's defenses. Echinacea tincture has a similar effect, which can be purchased ready-made at the pharmacy.

If the posterior cervical lymph node has increased against the background of a dental disease, then, first of all, oral hygiene is required. Treatment with drugs is not always necessary.

Physiotherapy can be used to normalize the size. These methods are indicated for the treatment of certain diseases that have caused the development of inflammation in the lymphatic system. In this case, they are used in combination with other measures.

If the posterior cervical lymph nodes have increased as a result of a cancerous process, then an oncologist's consultation and treatment with the use of chemical or radiation therapy, or surgery to excision of the affected tissue is required.

With timely and correct treatment of the underlying disease, the condition of the posterior lymph nodes gradually normalizes. Purulent tissue damage requires urgent therapy, since otherwise the infection can go to the brain. It should be remembered that an enlarged cervical lymph node can provoke swelling of the parotid and salivary glands, as well as the tonsils and the thyroid gland.

Posterior cervical lymph nodes in a child

If the baby has enlarged lymph nodes located behind the neck, then this indicates the development of some pathology in his body. A child who still does not know how to speak, in this case, becomes capricious, may refuse to eat due to neck pain.

The following symptoms are often observed:

• lethargy and weakness;
• swelling of the neck in the area of \u200b\u200bthe affected lymph node;
• drowsiness or, conversely, moodiness at night;
• a sharp jump in body temperature upward (up to 38 degrees and above).

Chronic enlargement of the lymph nodes sometimes causes delayed development. In children, the posterior cervical nodes can become inflamed not only due to infections, but also as a result of vaccination, with existing pathologies of immunity.

If the child has begun to feel the posterior cervical lymph node, then you should hurry up with a visit to the pediatrician. Otherwise, complications may arise, including mental retardation.

The lymphatic system protects the body by blocking the path of various infections and viruses, and immunity largely depends on its condition. Inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes is an alarming symptom that indicates the presence of pathological processes in the body and requires examination.

Lymph nodes block the spread of various pathogens through the blood and lymph. In the event that the lymph nodes on the neck are enlarged, only a specialist can establish the causes, therefore, if a dense nodule appears on the neck, which is well felt, this is an excuse to rush to the doctor.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck - the main causes

The lymph node in the human body is a kind of filter that allows lymph to pass through itself, from which pathogens are removed.

If their number increases, the lymphatic system functions in a more active mode, significantly increasing the number of cells, as a result of which the cervical lymph nodes become larger.

With a cold or acute respiratory viral infection, the nodes on the neck almost always increase in size and can become very inflamed. The enlargement of the lymph nodes can be different: from a small, barely perceptible node, to a very significant one, the size of an egg, which cannot be hidden.

In the photo: enlarged lymph nodes in the neck

If the lymph nodes are not significantly enlarged or inflamed, the pain may not even be felt, if, on palpation of the enlarged lymph node, pain is felt, you need to immediately contact a specialist... The more intense the inflammatory process is, the larger and more painful the lymph nodes in the neck become.

An enlarged lymph node is often a sign of a dangerous disease. So, if the node is inflamed and petrified, there is a high probability that it will turn into a malignant tumor. You can assess the degree of danger of the cervical lymph node on your own, since with inflammation in their area, tingling sensations occur, they hurt, and there is a high temperature.

Another sign that the lymph nodes are inflamed is pain when swallowing.

The more painful sensations on palpation and the higher the temperature, the higher the likelihood that the inflamed lymph nodes are dangerous.

The reasons for the increase in lymph nodes in the neck are not always associated with the presence of an infectious bacterial disease. In order to determine how to treat enlarged lymph nodes, the exact cause of their appearance and inflammation should be established.

The main causes of enlarged lymph nodes:

Also, one of the reasons for the enlargement of the lymph nodes is inflammation of the larynx and oral cavity, as well as inflammation of the ears.

Inflamed lymph nodes in the neck indicate problems with organs located close to the neck, as well as sexually transmitted diseases. Moreover, the lymph nodes can be enlarged due to scratches caused by a cat or a rat, in this case, streptococci, staphylococci and Escherichia coli act as pathogens.

Often, an increase in lymph nodes can occur against the background of adverse reactions to medications, weakened immunity, chronic fatigue, etc.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Enlarged lymph nodes are an alarming symptom that is sometimes unreasonably ignored. The disease can develop in acute and chronic form, the node can be inflamed on the right or on both sides.

The enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes may be painless and not cause concern, but if pain or discomfort is felt, this indicates the development of lymphadenitis.

Lymphadenitis is a disease that has several forms: catarrhal, serous, purulent. The most common catarrhal form, which is easy to detect by visual inspection.

Signs of developing pathology:

• significant increase in body temperature;
• soreness on palpation and swallowing;
• the nodes are pea-shaped;
• hyperemia of the skin around the nodes.

In addition, if the cervical lymph node is inflamed, weakness, body aches and headaches usually occur.

Swelling and redness of the nodes often indicates suppuration. This is a dangerous serous form of lymphadenitis, which is associated with the spread of pus through the tissues located near the focus.

For the purulent form of lymphadenitis, severe inflammation of the node is characteristic; to open the abscess, specialists resort to surgical intervention. Often lymphadenitis can be asymptomatic and chronic. This form is quite dangerous, because it indicates the presence of a hidden focus of infection, and possibly the development of a serious disease.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis begins with finding out the reason why the lymph nodes in the neck are inflamed. Any process in the body that causes swelling or edema is inflammation, and due to the enlarged lymph nodes, it is quite easy to diagnose such an inflammatory process.

But sometimes an enlarged lymph node is not associated with the onset of an inflammatory process, then it is necessary to carry out diagnostics taking into account other signs that may cause this symptom.

With inflammation in a pronounced or neglected form, patients often complain of severe persistent pain in the neck.

When it comes to inflammation of the lymph node in an acute form, symptoms appear throughout the body:

With inflammation of the lymph nodes in a chronic form, pain and the above symptoms may be absent. It is quite difficult to diagnose such nodes, since they are practically invisible and painless. Swollen lymph nodes are dangerous because they can cause irreversible degeneration of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes.

Therefore, to make an accurate diagnosis, you should definitely seek medical help. Only with timely referral to a specialist can the disease be detected in the early stages, which will significantly speed up the healing process.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to diagnose lymphadenitis in an advanced form, therefore, various modern diagnostic methods are used to make a diagnosis: X-ray, MRI, ultrasound, etc.

Drug treatment of the disease

First of all, it is important to establish the main cause of lymphadenitis, since the method of treatment directly depends on the form and stage of the disease.
Inflammation is treated conservatively, however, if a purulent process occurs, surgical intervention is indicated.

• Treatment of cervical lymphadenitis is based on antibacterial drugs that effectively fight purulent and bacterial processes. Antibiotics for lymph nodes are prescribed depending on the age, the course of the disease and the patient's condition.
• Antibacterial drugs that are aimed at treating enlarged lymph nodes: Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Sumamed, Azithromycin, etc., on average, the course of treatment is at least 10 days. Antibiotic treatment should not be interrupted, as this can lead to a relapse of the disease and the development of immunity.
• If the cause of lymphadenitis is a viral infection, then it can be cured with antiviral drugs: Anaferon, Ergoferon, etc. These drugs significantly suppress the multiplication of viruses and significantly help develop their own interferon.
• For autoimmune diseases, effective immunosuppressants are prescribed: Cyclosporin A, Tacrolimus, etc.
• With the development of tumor processes, neoplasms are able to block drugs: Thioguanine, Methotrexate, Decarbazine, etc.
• To eliminate painful sensations with inflamed lymph nodes located on both sides, it is recommended to take pain relievers, and with a significant increase in temperature - antipyretic drugs. If the cause of lymphadenitis is ARVI, acute respiratory infections and colds, it can go away on its own without special treatment.
• Physiotherapy has a positive effect in the treatment of lymphadenitis: laser therapy, galvanization and UHF. Such procedures are aimed at improving lymph circulation and cell regeneration.
  

  With an increase in the lymph nodes in the neck, thermal treatment in conjunction with drug treatment contributes to a speedy recovery, however, warming is prohibited with tuberculous lymphadenitis and intoxication.

Therapy with folk remedies

After consultation with a doctor, as additional therapy in the treatment of this pathology you can use proven folk remedies:

• Oven baked onions are applied to the affected nodes. To achieve the effect, it must be kneaded with bitter and to enhance the effect, mix the gruel with tar.
• Decoctions and syrups from cranberries, blueberries, ginseng tincture and Vitamin C, with regular use, strengthen the immune system.
• It helps well with enlarged lymph nodes on the neck, a compress of camphor oil.
• For the prevention and treatment of the disease, it is necessary to take freshly squeezed beet juice mixed with cabbage and carrot juice.
• An excellent effect is observed with the use of echinacea, which has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. A tincture is made from it, diluted with water in a ratio of 1/10 and taken three times a day.

Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes on the right and left sides should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a specialist.

To reduce the occurrence of their inflammation, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• temper the body;
• timely diagnose and treat diseases (ARVI, flu, colds, STIs, etc.);
• take multivitamin complexes;
• eat properly and rationally;
• to live an active lifestyle;
• regularly be in the fresh air.

Video

Lymph nodes can become inflamed for various reasons, but more often it is an infectious lesion of nearby organs. An enlarged lymph node in the neck is especially often detected, because the nose and throat are nearby.

Lymph nodes of the neck - position and causes of inflammation

Lymph passes through the lymph nodes of a person - into this fluid the blood weeds out harmful substances, dead cells. It is the lymph nodes that are the first to encounter the infection, after which they send lymphocytes to the site of the lesion. The process causes an increase in the size of the nodes - lymphadenitis is noted.

Where are the lymph nodes in the neck? Their location is not the same - some are deep, others are superficial. The groups of nodes on each side of the neck are as follows:

• anterior cervical;
• back cervical;
• under the jaw (submandibular);
• supraclavicular;
• chin;
• occipital;
• behind the ear, parotid.

Most often, inflammation of the node or its painless increase occurs against the background of an infectious process. The cause in children and adults is SARS, influenza, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, which are caused by viruses or bacteria. In children, an enlarged lymph node on the right or left, or on both sides of the back of the neck with a rash, means the development of rubella.

After the vaccinations, the child becomes "familiar" with the infection, and the cervical nodes can also react with an increase.

If the lymph nodes in the neck are enlarged, the causes are more serious. Rapid growth can mean the development of cancer (lymphoma). Systemic enlargement of several groups of nodes is sometimes a sign of tuberculosis, HIV infection, blood diseases, and autoimmune diseases.

How is cervical lymphadenitis manifested?

Inflammatory changes in the lymph nodes have specific symptoms. Outwardly, a bump is noticeable on the neck, which can be from a pea to 2-3 cm in size, depending on the severity of the infectious process. The lymph node is also able to change its structure - from soft, elastic it becomes harder, more dense.

Normally, 1-3 weeks after ARVI or other disease, the node returns to its natural size, but in children or people with chronic infections, the nodes remain enlarged for months.

Sometimes a large number of bacteria enter the lymph node, and it becomes inflamed - it swells, turns red.

Lymphadenitis symptoms may be more serious. The patient notes that one or more nodes are swollen, severely painful, and become "stone" to the touch. In this case, you should urgently seek medical help - there is a risk of tissue suppuration. In parallel, general symptoms appear:

• increased body temperature;
• malaise, weakness;
• headache;
• pain when swallowing.

Without treatment, purulent lymphadenitis can result in the formation of phlegmon and sepsis. Oncological diseases proceed without inflammation - the node just grows in size, sometimes it becomes harder, while painless. A distinctive feature is the defeat of only one node on the right or left side (but with lymphogranulomatosis or leukemia, different nodes may be affected).

What kind of examination is needed?

If the lymph nodes hurt, enlarged, you should go to see the pediatrician, therapist, otolaryngologist. After studying the state of the ENT, he will conclude what process is taking place in the body. In some cases, instrumental diagnostics will be required:

If the reasons for the growth of the node are doubtful, the patient will be prescribed a puncture. The analysis will show if the nodes are inflamed, or there is a malignant process. It is difficult to independently determine what the lymph node shows, but a number of signs suggest a diagnosis:

In some cases, to normalize health, you should undergo treatment with a dentist. It is impossible to ignore a problem lymph node that does not go away on its own - the consequences are serious.

General principles of therapy

Treatment tactics are selected depending on the type of disease, its severity. If signs of malignant pathologies are reliably absent, treatment is carried out conservatively. General advice will help to cure the disease:

• observe the daily routine, rest more;
• do not overcool, do not walk in cold, windy weather;
• do not practice serious physical activity;
• maintain psychological peace;
• eat right, eat more vitamin foods;
• remove spices, fried, smoked, alcohol from the menu;
• spare your throat - do not eat hot and cold food;
• do not smoke, do not overextend your voice.

With infectious lymphadenitis, antibiotics are most often prescribed. Also, at home, many are recommended immunomodulators, vitamins, and other drugs. If the disease has passed to a purulent stage, then only a surgeon should treat the lymph nodes in the neck. The node is opened, the affected and necrotic tissues are removed, drainage is placed.

It is strictly forbidden to heat the nodes if they have inflammation - with the flow of lymph, the infection will quickly spread to neighboring organs. If an oncological process occurs in the cells, heating will contribute to its progression. Drawing iodine nets and massaging the area also work badly - the problem may worsen!

Antibacterial therapy

Antibiotics are an integral part of lymphadenitis therapy, if the inflammation is acute, the node is painful, reddened, and even causes a slight increase in temperature. Usually, the pathology proceeds against the background of sinusitis, tonsillitis or complicated ARVI, which already have to be treated with antibiotics. Only in the chronic form, in some cases, they are limited to local therapy - you can smear the affected area with antibacterial ointments:

Since the analysis to identify the pathogen is rarely performed, in most cases, drugs with a wide spectrum of activity are prescribed. Amoxiclav helps well against cervical lymphadenitis - an adult is recommended a drug at 1000 mg twice a day for up to 7-10 days. Also used drugs Sumamed, Flemoklav, Augmentin, Erythromycin, Josamycin. If the node is severely inflamed, festering, an operation was performed, often more powerful antibiotics are introduced into the course of therapy - Cephalexin, Suprax.

Other treatments

Sometimes an increase in lymphatic corners is caused by a viral infection, including infectious mononucleosis, and lymphadenopathy continues for a long time. In this case, it is recommended to check immunity and carry out therapy with immunomodulatory agents:

In the presence of a herpetic infection, the lymph nodes also greatly increase in size - a special drug Acyclovir and its analogues treats the pathology. When the disease is triggered by dental problems, physiotherapy may be recommended after treatment.

With lymphadenitis, UHF, galvanization, microcurrents are prescribed.

To strengthen the body, adaptogens (eleutherococcus, leuzea), vitamin and mineral complexes are introduced into the course of therapy. For painful conditions and high temperatures, anti-inflammatory drugs are used - Nise, Ibuprofen.

ethnoscience

Of the folk remedies, only those that are used internally to enhance immunity and protect the body are considered safe, as anti-inflammatory drugs. Compresses, lotions, rubbing with lymphadenitis are strictly prohibited! Here are examples of suitable recipes:

In children, any treatment for lymphadenitis is carried out only with the approval of a doctor; it is strictly forbidden to "test" traditional methods of therapy on babies - usually a course of antibiotics is enough.

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People who are attentive to their health should notice the slightest visible changes in the size and structure of organs and tissues. For any unusual symptoms associated with enlargement, swelling, redness, throbbing and soreness in the body, you should consult your doctor. One of the frequent signs of latent chronic or acute inflammatory pathological processes in the body is enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, which are clearly felt on palpation. Soreness, swelling and redness of the skin against the background of their increase in size require observation.

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Classmates

What is a lymph node?

The lymph node in the neck, as in other areas, is an organ of the lymphatic system that performs the function of cleansing the lymph circulating in the body.

The main purpose of the lymphatic system (LS) is the production and transportation of immune cells, as well as lipoproteins, liquid molecules and other substances. Lymph provides bioavailability of various components, including nutrients from food, active ingredients from drugs, and others.

Unlike the circulatory system, the liquid in the drug moves slowly through the vessels, capillaries, trunks and ducts at low pressure. Passing through the lymph nodes, the lymph is filtered.

What are the cervical lymph nodes responsible for?

The muscles connecting the head and trunk are the main area where the lymph nodes are located in the neck. In addition to the neck, the main areas of the location of large lymph nodes are the armpits, trunk, elbow and knee joints, groin area.

The concentration of knots in the neck and groin area is explained by the proximity to natural openings in the human body. Through them, infections often enter the body - bacteria, viruses, microbes. Based on this, it is possible to understand the purpose that these lymph nodes perform: the location on the neck close to these holes allows the body to cope with the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms faster and more efficiently.

The main thing for which the cervical lymph nodes are responsible is to stop the spread of infection that enters through the nose, mouth and ears.

The lymph nodes of the neck are designed to fight respiratory infections and microbes that cause inflammation in organs that are commonly called "ENT organs" (flu). The second thing the lymph nodes on the neck are responsible for is the fight against infections of the oral cavity and teeth - caries, acute pulpitis, stomatitis, gingivitis. Often, an increase in lymph nodes is observed when the growth of wisdom teeth is activated.

The lymph nodes in the neck, where large blood vessels are located, are designed to stop the spread of infection by increasing the production of immune cells - lymphocytes and phagocytes during the active phase of the vital activity of a virus or bacteria (,).

When a foreign agent invades the body, an active immune response manifests itself in the form of several symptoms. Evidence of the body's increased fight against infection is:

• an increase in the size of the lymph nodes;
• soreness and redness of the skin;
• good visibility and easy palpation of the formations.

The stronger the immune response, the larger the nodes can be. The size of the cervical lymph nodes in adults usually does not exceed 5–7 mm. In acute infections, accompanied by the formation of purulent foci, lymph nodes can increase in size by 5-10 times, sometimes reaching a diameter of 5 cm or more. In this state, they are clearly visible under the skin, their structure becomes denser or, conversely, heterogeneous and glandular. Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck can restrict head movement and lower jaw mobility, making it difficult to chew, swallow, and speak.

Classification

There are several types of lymph nodes, depending on their location. Cervical lymph nodes, the location of which allows them to be called paraaortic, are divided into several subgroups. The standard classification of lymph nodes in the neck includes:

• deep and superficial;
• anterior cervical and posterior cervical;
• supraclavicular;
• submandibular;
• chin;
• tonsillar;
• occipital;
• behind the ear and parotid;
• sublingual.

Where are they located?

By the names of these peripheral organs, you can understand their localization. Basically, the lymph nodes are located in the back of the neck, as well as in its front part in the area of \u200b\u200bthe carotid artery.

You can also feel them near the ears, in the area of \u200b\u200bjunction of the lower jaw and the skull, near the hyoid bone, behind the ears, near the clavicular cavity, near the junction of the cervical vertebrae and the skull. Knowing where the lymph node is located in the neck can determine the cause of the appearance of lumps and nodules in the soft tissues under the skin.

Layout on the neck

The location of the lymph nodes in this area is easy to describe even without a picture. The scheme of the lymph nodes in the neck correlates with the location of the large blood and lymphatic vessels. They are arranged in the form of connected chain links in parallel with the direction of blood flow and lymph flow. The lymph nodes on the back of the neck, the location of which corresponds to the belt and suboccipital muscle, are also included in this group.

Behind (posterior cervical)

This group of lymph nodes is located, as the name suggests, on the back of the neck and at the base of the skull. Posterior cervical lymph nodes include:

• posterior;
• occipital;
• deep and superficial cervical.

Anterior cervical

The anterior cervical lymph nodes include deep cervical nodes located above the carotid artery. The anterior cervical lymph nodes include subclavian lymphatic formations.

Submandibular

The group of submandibular lymph nodes includes the submandibular itself, as well as chin and tonsillar. Close to them, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ears, are the parotid and preauricular lymph nodes, which some doctors distinguish into a separate subgroup.

Should you feel it?

Normally, the lymph node on the left side of the neck, as well as on the right, should not be palpable. It is permissible when it is weakly felt when pressed, but there should be no pain or other unpleasant sensations. The answer to the question of whether the lymph nodes in the neck should be felt depends on the exact location. Behind the ear, for example, are easily palpable. How to feel the lymph nodes in the neck and back of the head? It is enough to hold and lightly press with your thumb or forefinger, feeling a dense, slightly mobile formation no larger than 1 cm in size.

With colds, an increase in the submandibular, behind the ear nodes most often occurs. Less often, the anterior cervical and posterior cervical lymph nodes increase. The chin, parotid and preauricular nodes can grow in size and become inflamed in otitis media, as well as carious lesions of the dental canal, stomatitis, tonsillitis with purulent formations. The supraclavicular responds to problems with the thyroid gland.

In addition to infections, swollen lymph nodes can be associated with:

• metabolic disorders;
• immunodeficiency conditions (including those caused by a viral nature - AIDS);
• allergies;
• chronic stress;
• intoxications;
• cancerous tumors.

How to check it yourself?

Observation is a key principle in diagnosing the state of the body using the lymph nodes. Knowing what a lymph node on the neck is, each person can independently identify changes in their size, structure, and consistency.

The main way to check the lymph nodes in the neck on your own for the presence of a disease is to observe in dynamics:

• visual changes (increase in nodes from the size of a pea to a walnut);
• hardening or softening;
• soreness when moving the head, lower jaw, swallowing and chewing;
• redness of the skin in the affected area.

Indirect signs indicating the presence of infection are fever, general weakness, apathy, headaches. If there are several symptoms (for example, temperature + enlarged and painful lymph nodes), then you need to contact a specialist and do tests.

Size is normal in adults

Under normal conditions, the lymph nodes are in the shape of a pea or bean, and the size of the lymph nodes on the neck is normally no more than 1 cm. Small deviations up or down are possible, if they are not accompanied by other symptoms (painful, redness).

What to do if a lymph node is felt?

If you find that the lymph nodes or one of them located in the neck area are enlarged and sore, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible. Before feeling the lymph nodes on the patient's neck, the specialist will conduct a visual examination and prescribe blood tests with a study of the leukocyte formula.

Depending on other clinical signs of the disease, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound of the affected area. If a malignant disease is suspected, a tissue biopsy is performed, as well as tomography or radiography of nearby organs (lungs, brain, heart).

Useful video

For more information on examining lymph nodes, see this video:

Conclusion

1. Any changes in the condition, structure, size of the lymph nodes should not be ignored.
2. In isolated cases, when swollen lymph nodes are associated with mild colds and other relatively safe conditions, you should not worry. The enlarged lymph nodes return to their normal size on their own when the respiratory infection subsides.
3. In a chronic condition, accompanied by an increase and soreness of the cervical lymph nodes for 4 weeks or more, it is necessary to consult a specialist and a full examination.

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Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is the body's response to the penetration of infectious agents - fungi, viruses or bacteria. In medicine, this condition is referred to as "lymphadenitis". The main manifestations of the disease - soreness, deterioration of the general condition, enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes, may indicate the development of a common cold or be a sign of dangerous pathologies. Only a specialist can determine the cause of lymphadenitis after a full examination.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck - types

Lymph nodes are part of the immune system responsible for a number of critical protective functions. These are unique biofilters of the body that allow lymph to pass through themselves and are responsible for neutralizing pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The lymph glands are the first to take a hit in infectious diseases, it is in the lymph nodes that lymphocytes are formed, which protect the body from pathogenic bacteria and help cleanse it of toxins. But if the volume of pathogenic microflora is too large, the lymph nodes do not cope with their task and become inflamed.

There are many groups of regional lymph nodes in the human body, but most of them are located in the neck, head, armpits and groin. The increase in size and inflammation of the lymph node indicates that an infection has settled in the area that it "serves". The knot itself is a small formation of pinkish-gray color and a rounded shape up to 50 mm in size. As a rule, lymph nodes are located in clusters of up to 10 pieces along the lymphatic vessels.

Depending on the localization zone, several types of cervical lymph nodes are distinguished:

• anterior cervical;
• posterior cervical;
• submandibular;
• occipital;
• chin;
• ear.

By the nature of the course of the inflammatory process, lymphadenitis in medicine is divided into several types:

• Catarrhal. This is the initial stage of the infectious process, accompanied by inflammation of the node and its saturation with blood plasma.
• Hyperplastic. It develops at a late stage of the inflammatory process and is characterized by the growth of the lymph node due to the intensive multiplication of immune cells.
• Purulent. It develops in bacterial infections, accompanied by the accumulation of pyogenic microflora in the tissues of the lymph node. If too much pus accumulates, it can penetrate into the surrounding tissues, which leads to the formation of phlegmon or provokes purulent abscesses.

Acute and chronic lymphadenitis

With acute lymphadenitis, the inflamed nodes increase significantly in size, become painful, the skin above them turns red. At the same time, other symptoms appear - high fever, chills, headaches, a general deterioration in the condition.

Chronic lymphadenitis occurs without pronounced symptoms. Lymph nodes are slightly enlarged, pain is weak, or absent altogether.

The causative agent of infection can enter the lymph node in three ways:

1. hematogenous (with blood);
2. lymphogenous (with lymph);
3. contact.

In a normal state, the lymph nodes are practically not palpable, only on the front surface of the neck can small, soft and elastic nodules, which are mobile and painless, be found on palpation. With lymphadenitis, the nodes increase significantly in size, become inflamed and painful.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

The mechanism of development of lymphadenitis can be triggered by specific and nonspecific infectious agents. Among the causative agents of infection, the leading role belongs to pathogenic bacteria (staphylo- and streptococci), which penetrate into the lymph node from the primary focus of infection. The causative agent of specific cervical lymphadenitis is a tubercle bacillus, gonococci, or pale treponema (with syphilis).

Cervical lymph nodes are responsible for all processes occurring in the soft tissues of the face, mouth, neck and hearing organs, therefore, the following pathologies can become the most likely causes of their inflammation:

• infectious diseases - ARVI, ARI, influenza, measles, mononucleosis, chickenpox, diphtheria, AIDS, etc.;
• ENT - infections - tonsillitis, laryngitis, sunusitis, tracheitis;
• hearing diseases (otitis media, inflammation of the tympanic membrane);
• oral cavity infections - caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, stomatitis, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue);
• autoimmune pathologies (Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, lupus erythematosus);
• malfunctions of the immune system caused by hypothermia, stress, hypovitaminosis, or untreated infections;
• oncological diseases - a tumor process in the lymph node or in other organs (more often in the brain);
• mechanical damage to the node itself or injury to the surrounding tissues;

Much less often, metabolic disorders, thyroid diseases, allergic reactions or intoxication of the body in chronic alcoholism become the cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes in an adult in the neck.

Symptoms

After penetrating the lymphoid gland, the infectious agent begins to multiply actively, releasing toxins, which leads to the development of the inflammatory process and the appearance of characteristic symptoms.

The main signs of lymphadenitis:

• the lymph node increases in size several times and can reach the size of a walnut:
• on palpation of the node, severe pain appears;
• the structure of its tissues changes - from a soft and elastic knot it turns into a dense and hard lump, and with the accumulation of pus it acquires a loose consistency;
• the skin over the inflamed lymph node becomes red and swollen;
• at the same time, there is a deterioration in general standing - the temperature rises, the patient complains of chilliness, headache and other signs of intoxication of the body.

With cervical lymphadenitis, head turns are accompanied by severe pain, difficulties with swallowing food are noted, appetite disappears, and severe weakness occurs.

Symptoms of lymphadenitis in children

Acute inflammation of the lymph nodes in the child's neck is most often associated with a bacterial or viral infection in the nasopharynx or mouth. As a rule, against the background of a sharp rise in temperature, parents note an increase in the size and inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes. The child refuses to eat, does not sleep well, can hardly swallow food, and even taking fluids causes pain in the baby.

These symptoms are joined by weakness, lethargy, lack of appetite, nausea. A characteristic sign of lymphadenitis is swelling and severe soreness of the inflamed lymph node, redness and swelling of the skin above it. Parents should show their child to a doctor as soon as possible in order to make the correct diagnosis and promptly begin treatment that will help prevent unwanted purulent complications.

Chronic cervical lymphadenitis in a child can develop against the background of any inflammatory process in the neck and head. Since the baby's immune system is not yet fully formed, it cannot fully cope with the infection, so the process takes on a sluggish nature.

In this case, the lymph nodes are practically painless, but enlarged, which is detected on palpation. But the baby's health is quite satisfactory and the temperature does not rise. The task of the doctor and parents in this case is to strengthen the baby's immunity and prevent colds and infectious diseases.

Why is inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck dangerous?

In the absence of timely treatment, the disease progresses, pus accumulates in the thickness of the lymphatic tissues, which eventually melts the tissues of the node. In this case, two options are possible - either an encapsulated abscess is formed, or an adenophlegmon is formed, which can lead to the formation of lymphatic fistulas.

With purulent abscesses, pathogens with blood flow are spread throughout the body, which increases the risk of developing such a dangerous complication as sepsis.

Diagnostic methods

What to do if inflamed lymph nodes appear in the neck? First of all, you need to seek the advice of a therapist. The diagnosis of acute nonspecific cervical lymphadenitis is usually straightforward. After examination and palpation of the affected area, a specialist, based on the clinical signs and complaints of the patient, can make a preliminary diagnosis. To establish the cause of the disease, a number of laboratory and instrumental studies are required:

• PCR blood test to identify the pathogen (viruses or bacteria);
• Ultrasound of the affected lymph node.

If indicated, other diagnostic methods can be used - ultrasound of the lymphatic vessels, contrast-enhanced lymphography, or CT. In some cases, it is necessary to conduct a puncture biopsy - a puncture of the lymph node with the collection of affected cells for histological examination.

For the diagnosis of specific lymphadenitis, special research methods are used, which make it possible to isolate the pathogen in the punctate from the lymph node (tubercle bacillus or pale treponema). Additionally, if there is a suspicion of tuberculous lymphadenitis, a chest X-ray is taken.

Based on the results of the examination, the therapist will refer the patient to continue treatment with narrow specialists - an otolaryngologist, infectious disease specialist, hematologist, dentist, surgeon or oncologist.

Treatment

Only a specialist decides how to treat lymphadenitis and individually selects a therapy regimen, taking into account the underlying disease. The essence of therapeutic measures is reduced to active therapy of the underlying disease that causes the inflammatory process, as well as in the correction and strengthening of immunity.

• If the inflammation of the lymph nodes is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed. So, antibacterial therapy is used for ENT infections, dental problems, furunculosis, otitis media, and suppuration of the lymph node. If complications develop (phlegmon, purulent abscess), in addition to taking antibiotics, they resort to surgical treatment aimed at opening the purulent abscess. Preparations must be selected taking into account the type of pathogen, usually these are broad-spectrum antibiotics from the group of aminopenicillins or cephalosporins of 3-4 generations.
• In case of herpes infection or infectious mononucleosis, antiviral agents and drugs from the interferon group (,) are prescribed for the treatment of the underlying disease;
• If inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes is associated with dental problems, it is necessary to sanitize the foci of inflammation. Additionally, physiotherapeutic treatment is prescribed - UHF, galvanization.
• Lymphadenitis caused by fungal agents (for example, with candidiasis of the oral cavity) is treated with combined antifungal antibiotics - Diflucan, Clotrimazole.

According to the indications, anti-inflammatory drugs (, Nimesulide), preparations with absorbable action (Serta) are used. Locally, it is recommended to apply compresses with an anti-inflammatory solution of Dimexide. To maintain immunity, prescribe the intake of multivitamin complexes (, Multitabs, Vitrum) and plant immunomodulators (Immunal, tincture of Echinacea, ginseng or Eleutherococcus).

Dosage

The doctor determines the dosage of drugs and the duration of the course of treatment individually. The patient must accurately follow all the recommendations of the attending physician in order to achieve a speedy recovery.

In those cases when lymphadenitis develops to a purulent stage, drug treatment alone cannot be dispensed with. A surgeon is involved in the treatment process, who opens a purulent abscess or adenophlegmon, cleans the wound and treats it with antiseptics. Later, in the healing process, the wound is drained and treated simultaneously with the appointment of systemic antibiotics.

Therapy of specific lymphadenitis is carried out according to special protocols for the treatment of the underlying disease - tuberculosis or syphilis.

Of the physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, UHF (ultra-high-frequency therapy) sessions are considered the most effective. The essence of this technique is the effect on the body of electromagnetic waves of ultrahigh frequency. The use of UHF helps to alleviate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease, reduce the soreness of the lymph nodes and speed up recovery.

In the course of treatment, the patient is advised to rest and bed rest, exclusion of physical activity, a light dairy-plant diet, and an abundant warm drink. The best option would be fortified drinks that will help remove toxins from the body and support immunity - green tea with raspberries and lemon, rosehip broth, fruit drinks, fruit drinks.

Good to know

Important! Experts warn that with lymphadenitis, you cannot warm up the affected area using hot compresses or a warm heating pad. It is forbidden to massage the lymph nodes, apply an iodine net or apply ointments with a warming effect.

Any of these actions can aggravate the inflammatory process and promote the spread of infection throughout the body, which can lead to dire consequences, for example, the development of sepsis.

Folk remedies for the treatment of lymphadenitis

Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult your doctor and use only proven recipes. At home, for the treatment of inflamed lymph nodes, decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs are recommended, as well as rinsing if the focus of inflammation is in the nasopharynx.

Gargle with sea salt

It is enough to dissolve 1 tbsp. l. salt in 500 ml of hot boiled water, slightly cool this solution and use warm for rinsing. If the solution is intended for a child, then the salt concentration should be halved.

Herbal decoction rinse

To prepare the broth, you can take any plant with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties - chamomile, mint, sage, St. John's wort, calendula. 1 st. l. dry leaves need to pour 200 ml of boiling water and let it brew for 10-15 minutes. It is necessary to gargle with a warm broth as often as possible (on the first day of the disease - every hour).

Aloe juice

This amazing plant has many medicinal properties and has antiseptic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and tonic effects. It is enough to pick a fresh leaf of the plant, peel it of rough skin and thorns, chop the pulp and squeeze out the juice. Aloe juice (in a volume of 1 tablespoon) is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach, every morning, before breakfast.

Tincture of echinacea (ginseng, schisandra chinensis)

It is a powerful remedy for strengthening the immune system and restoring its resistance to various infections. Just 10 drops of any of these remedies, dissolved in 50 ml of water, will help you cope with the disease faster. You need to take herbal immunomodulators twice a day (in the morning and at lunchtime).

Green jade

This is a unique stone famous for its medicinal properties. A beautiful translucent green mineral is used in folk medicine as a remedy for pain and inflammation. Healers advise to pick up a stone about the same size as the inflamed lymph node and apply it to the affected area several times a day for 10 minutes.

Prevention and prognosis

Unfortunately, there is no specific prophylaxis for lymphadenitis. But it is possible to prevent inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes if you lead a healthy and active lifestyle, play sports and in every possible way support and strengthen the immune system. Timely treatment of infectious diseases (caries, otitis media, tonsillitis) and foci of inflammation will help prevent pathogens from entering the lymphatic system and eliminate the conditions for the development of lymphadenitis.

With adequate and timely treatment of acute lymphadenitis, the prognosis is favorable, since after the elimination of the underlying disease, the patient fully recovers. In chronic lymphadenitis, the prognosis is less rosy, since in most cases the functions of the lymph node are completely disrupted due to its complete replacement with connective tissue.

With purulent forms of lymphadenitis, everything will depend on the severity of the process. In advanced cases and in the absence of adequate treatment, there is a high risk of developing severe consequences - septicopyemia and even sepsis, which threatens death.