Analysis of the episode of the duel between Lensky and Onegin: what is its significance in the novel? The composition of the duel between Onegin and Lensky How did the duel between the heroes influence Tatyana.

Like that singer, unknown, but sweet,
The prey of jealousy is deaf,
Sung by him with such wondrous power,
Struck, like him, by a ruthless hand.

M. Lermontov.

The entire 6th chapter of A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" is devoted to the theme of the duel between Lensky and Onegin. This chapter will be the subject of this analysis. The first 2 stanzas tell about the end of the holiday. We are missing them.

Composition

Experiences, her jealousy serve as a prelude to tragedy and a prerequisite for. The 3rd stanza begins with the experiences of the girl. Tatyana is tormented, a wave of vague premonitions, but what is their reason, she is not able to understand.

Introduces the reader to who will become a second, and who indirectly played an important role in this duel. he feared that Zaretsky would slander him throughout the district if he extended the hand of a truce. Pushkin devoted 4 stanzas to acquaintance with this literary hero. Zaretsky came to Onegin and brought him a cartel from Vladimir - a challenge to a duel.

When Zaretsky left, Onegi thought about his behavior (no matter how cliched it may sound). He condemned himself, realized that he was wrong in everything.

Still, he, Eugene, is older, more experienced, and should have shown a little wisdom. And now, when in business

The old duelist intervened;

He is angry, he is a gossip, he is a talker,

There can be no talk of a truce. Onegin was still afraid of the "opinions of the world." The next 4 stanzas are devoted to Lensky's experiences, his meeting with. Then wedged in a stanza dedicated to Tatyana in love, who, if she only suspected a duel, could reconcile her rivals. Then again stanzas about Lensky's sleepless night and his poem. Morning comes, and events take their course. The duel took place behind the old mill. Onegin brought a non-noble Frenchman instead of a second. This was a serious violation of the dueling code. But Zaretsky, who had the right to stop the duel for this reason alone, only bit his lip.

Here Pushkin again repeats the idea that

wildly secular feud

Fear of false shame.

The climax of the novel is approaching. Here the seconds are preparing pistols, Zaretsky measures the distance.

Poet killed. Onegin is confused. He did not want Lensky's death, and did not expect such an outcome. He still does not believe, appeals to Lensky, hoping that he is only wounded, that he has lost consciousness. Onegin calls a friend. But no. Lensky is killed. From this one word, uttered by Zaretsky, Yevgeny shudders. He leaves, calling people. Zaretsky carefully puts the young man's light body into the sleigh and takes him home.

In the denouement of the plot, Pushkin writes about what fate awaited Lensky if he had remained alive. And what's wrong with that? Everyone lives like this and it’s not at all a fact that he would wear a deer decoration. If he had not died, he would have managed to leave behind a sequel, would have enjoyed life, enjoyed it. And so

young lover,

Poet, pensive dreamer,

Killed by a friendly hand!

In the denouement, Pushkin gives a description of the place where the young poet was buried, without having had time to know all the delights of life.

literary heroes

The following literary heroes are involved in the duel episode:

Onegin and Lensky are the main characters of the plot. Vladimir Lensky - burning with rage and jealousy, and challenging the enemy to a duel. Onegin - feels guilty at first for teasing the young man, and at the end - for the death of Lensky.

The heroes of the second plan are the seconds Zaretsky and Monsieur Guillo.

The father of the family is single, takes the most active part in the events. Here Olga and Tatyana can be attributed to episodic heroines. Olga only appears when Lensky visits her. And Tatyana, with her experiences, is completely in the shadows.

The construction of the verse

The chapter is written in the "Onegin stanza", which the poet developed specifically for this novel. It has 14 lines: 3 quatrains and 2 additional lines:

• the first quatrain rhymes with a cross rhyme,
• the second quatrain - adjacent, or paired rhyme,
• in the third quatrain the rhyme is circular,
• the last lines are rhymed in pairs.

Stressed rhymes are almost everywhere combined with unstressed ones. Almost the entire work is written in iambic tetrameter. This poetic rhythm turned out to be the most convenient for narration.

The death of Lensky can be called the culmination of the novel "Eugene Onegin", and the 6th chapter is one of the most exciting and significant in the entire novel.

- the most tragic episode of the novel "Eugene Onegin". The fact that the young people were best friends gives a special drama to the current situation. Chole, reluctant to let people near him, nevertheless willingly spent time with Lensky. What was the cause of the duel and what events preceded it?

The first wake-up call in the novel becomes, in which she sees the death of Lensky at the hands of Onegin. Waking up, she tries to find the meaning of sleep in the book, but the dream book does not give her an answer. However, for it is obvious that a terrible and ominous vision does not bode well.

The next morning, guests gather in the Larins' house. Lensky and Onegin also come. The latter is seated at the table opposite Tatyana, which leads her to terrible embarrassment. She blushes, barely hears the words of the guests addressed to her, and only with a great effort of will holds back her tears. Tatyana's confusion does not hide from Onegin, but it only irritates and embarrasses him:

An eccentric, hitting a huge feast,
Was already angry. But the languid maiden
Noticing the trembling impulse,
Lowering your eyes in annoyance,

He pouted...

Eugene is angry with his friend for bringing him to the Larins, and decides to take revenge and anger him himself. As soon as the dancing began, Eugene immediately invites, hoping with all his behavior to infuriate a friend:

Leads her, slipping carelessly,
And, bending down, she whispers gently
Some vulgar madrigal
And shakes hands...

Lensky can't believe his eyes: Olga, his fiancee, is dancing with his best friend! Barely waiting for the end of the dance, he invites her himself - but she already promised Onegin. Indignant, Lensky leaves the ball and later gives his former friend a note with a challenge. Onegin agrees, but later reproaches himself for his behavior at the ball and, on reflection, comes to the conclusion that he behaved unworthily and stupidly. But now it's too late to change anything.

Olga, being a windy and passionate girl, does not even understand the pain she causes to her fiancé, allowing Onegin to take care of herself. She is pleased with his attention, and she does not notice Lensky's jealousy. When the poet decides to see Olga before the duel, she meets him as if nothing had happened, as if nothing had happened at the ball - and she herself sincerely thinks so. Lensky, thinking to embarrass her by his appearance, is surprised and confused. He is ready to forgive his beloved, but does not change his decision to shoot with the offender:

He thinks: “I will be her savior.
I will not tolerate a corrupter
Fire and sighs and praises
Young heart tempted ...

Onegin's attempts to disrupt the duel lead nowhere. He is late on purpose - because of this, the duel could have been postponed according to the rules; takes his servant as a second - this was also a violation. But Lensky is resolute, and does not attach importance to these nuances.

So, the death of Lensky becomes the cause of his blind jealousy, the cruelty of his best friend and the windiness of his bride. Perhaps the duel could have been avoided, but the ardor and pride of both heroes did not allow them to abandon their plans.

In the very first lines of the novel, the protagonist, Eugene Onegin, is characterized as a selfish person who cares only about his own comfort and well-being, because it is a burden for him to look after his dying uncle, to pretend to be attentive and caring:

Arriving in the village and burying a relative, Onegin after a while gets acquainted with Lensky, a local young landowner who had recently returned from Germany. They spend a lot of time together: they go horseback riding, arguing on various topics, becoming friends “from nothing to do”, as the author writes. And friends?

Yevgeny, who in every possible way avoided communication with the local landowners, became close to Lensky. The reason for the rapprochement is the same age of the heroes, the fact that both of them "the gentlemen of the neighboring villages ... did not like feasts," perhaps even the fact that otherwise they were completely different people. Eugene has long been disillusioned with secular friendship, does not love, but only plays with feelings, is tired of secular life, has not found a favorite thing for himself. And Lensky enthusiastically perceives life, sincerely (since childhood) loves Olga, believes in true friendship, composes poetry. The author writes:

This dissimilarity brought the heroes closer, but it also led to the death of Vladimir Lensky. The usual misunderstanding, as well as the excessive selfishness of Onegin, who, having believed Lensky, who said that only close people would attend Tatyana's name day, upon arrival discovered all the "village light" and decided to take revenge on Lensky. And he takes revenge in accordance with his character: he begins to show signs of attention to Olga, who favorably, not noticing how hurt her fiancé is, accepts Yevgeny's courtship.

Unable to hide his feelings, Lensky challenges his "friend" to a duel. Vladimir does not understand the change in Onegin, and does not try to analyze his behavior and the reasons for the act. He does not so much defend his honor as he saves Olga from Yevgeny. “He thinks: “I will be her savior. I will not tolerate a corrupter with fire and sighs and praises to tempt a young heart...” It doesn’t occur to him that this is another Onegin’s game, a way of revenge for the experienced irritation at the sight of numerous guests. After all, Lensky is a romantic, for him the world is divided into black and white, and he perceives Onegin's courtship of his bride at face value.

Onegin understands that he was wrong, even feels remorse: "And rightly so: in a strict analysis, Calling himself to a secret court, He accused himself of many things ...". But the rules of secular society are merciless, and Onegin, fearing being accused of cowardice, accepts the challenge: “The old duelist intervened; He is angry, he is a gossip, he is a talker ... Of course, there must be contempt At the cost of his funny words, But the whisper, the laughter of fools ... ".

The behavior of the heroes before the duel once again convinces the reader of their "difference": Lensky is worried, "he discovered Schiller", but he cannot help thinking about Olga and writes love poems. Onegin, on the other hand, “was asleep at that time in a dead sleep” and almost overslept.

According to the rules of that time, Onegin could prevent a duel by apologizing to Lensky, explaining the reasons for his behavior; or shoot in the air.

But he doesn't think about it. I think that perhaps he would consider it even humiliating for himself.

Lensky's death was also a tragic accident because Yevgeny fired a few moments earlier:

And Lensky, squinting his left eye, He also began to aim - but just Onegin fired ... Eugene is struck by the death of a friend: Killed! Remorse of conscience makes the hero leave the village, go on a journey.

Considering himself a friend of Lensky, Onegin could not stand the test of friendship, again placing above all his own feelings and interests.

Duel in the novel "Eugene Onegin"

Introduction

A novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" can rightfully be considered a work that, according to Belinsky, is "an encyclopedia of Russian life." A detailed description of the life and life of a person at the beginning of the 19th century allows us, readers, to plunge into the atmosphere of such a distant time from us, while showing in detail how and with what the nobles live not only in both capitals, but also in the provinces.

Gukovsky G.A. writes about the novel: “... the sheer number of everyday themes and materials fundamentally distinguishes Pushkin's novel from previous literature. In "Eugene Onegin" the reader passes through a series of everyday phenomena, moral descriptive details, things, clothes, colors, dishes, customs.

The novel contains 8 chapters, each of which reveals the images of the characters, their inner world and the characters around which all storylines develop: Eugene Onegin, Tatyana Larina and Vladimir Lensky. There are two storylines in the novel: Onegin and Tatyana and Onegin and Lensky.

In the person of Onegin, Lensky and Tatyana, according to Belinsky, Pushkin portrayed Russian society in one of the phases of its formation, its development.

Belinsky characterizes these heroes.

Onegin is a suffering egoist... He can be called an unwilling egoist, the critic believes, in his egoism one should see what the ancients called fate, fate.

In Lensky, Pushkin portrayed a character completely opposite to the character of Onegin, Belinsky believes, a character completely abstract, completely alien to reality. Lensky was a romantic both by nature and by the spirit of the times. But at the same time, "he had a sweet heart, an ignoramus":
always talking about life, never knew it.

Tatyana, according to Belinsky, is an exceptional being, a deep, loving, passionate nature.
Love for her could be either the greatest bliss or the greatest misfortune of life, without any conciliatory middle ground. With reciprocity, the love of such a woman is an even, bright flame; otherwise, a stubborn flame, which the power of will, perhaps, will not allow to break out, but which is the more destructive and burning, the more it is squeezed inside.

The key episode in understanding the characters of the characters can be considered the sixth chapter of the novel. This episode is a kind of milestone, a turning point in the plot of the novel "Eugene Onegin". The duel of Onegin and Lensky is the most tragic and most mysterious episode of the novel.

Duel in the novel ("Eugene Onegin", chapter 6)

DUEL ("Courtesy, with cold clarity / Lensky called his friend to a duel") - from the French. duel, from lat. duellum - a duel, a fight with the use of weapons, taking place between two persons according to certain rules and aimed at restoring the honor of one of the offended (insulted) duelists. The duel is a class-noble custom that became widespread in Russia in the 18th-19th centuries. [Onegin Encyclopedia: In 2 volumes - M .: Russian way 1999–2004.]

A duel is a duel that takes place according to certain rules in a pair fight, with the goal of restoring honor, removing the shameful stain caused by an insult from an offended person. Thus, the role of the duel is socially symbolic. The duel is a certain procedure for the restoration of honor and cannot be understood outside the very specifics of the concept of "honor" in the general system of ethics of the Russian Europeanized post-Petrine noble society. Naturally, from a position that rejected this concept in principle, the duel lost its meaning, turning into a ritualized murder. [Lotman Yuri Mikhailovich. Roman A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin": Commentary. Teacher's Guide.]

Meeting with Tatyana, acquaintance with Lensky, Onegin takes place in the spring and summer of 1820 - he is already 24 years old and he treats Lensky a little patronizingly, looks at his “young fever and youthful delirium” in an adult way.

The reason for the duel may seem very absurd to the reader - a minor quarrel between Onegin and Lensky. The image of the younger Larina is also important in the novel for creating a love triangle: Onegin - Olga - Lensky. But this triangle is imaginary. Olga sees in Eugenia only her sister's fiancé, and Olga is not at all attractive to Onegin. However, it is Olga’s innocent, thoughtless coquetry with Onegin at the ball that seems to the enamored Lensky, a young romantic, treason and betrayal:

Coquette, windy child!

She knows the trick

Already learned to change! (Chapter 10, stanza XLV)

Imagining himself the hero of the novel, Vladimir challenges Onegin to a duel in order to defend his honor and the honor of a beautiful lady. The duel contributes to a more complete disclosure of the characters of Onegin and Lensky. Both heroes understand the fallacy of the decision made and bitterly regret what they have done, but it is not possible to avoid a bloody clash.

It is clear to the reader that an accidental quarrel is only a pretext for a duel, but its cause, the cause of Lensky's death, is much deeper.
A force enters into the quarrel between Onegin and Lensky, which can no longer be turned back. This is the power of public opinion. The bearer of this force is hated by Pushkin. He writes nothing good about him:

Zaretsky, once a brawler,

Ataman of the gambling gang,

The head of the rake, the tribune of the tavern,

Now kind and simple

The father of the family is single,

Reliable friend, peaceful landowner

And even an honest man:

This is how our age is being corrected! (Chapter 6, stanza IV)

Pushkin consciously chooses verbs that correspond to Onegin's state. Verbs are in the past tense, showing the reader the irreversibility of the course of events.

He tells himself that he:

Was supposed to show myself

Not a ball of prejudice,

Not an ardent boy, a fighter,

But a husband with honor and intelligence.(Chapter 6,stanza X)

Besides - he thinks - in this matter

The old duelist intervened;

He is angry, he is a gossip, he is a talker ...

Of course, there must be contempt

At the cost of his funny words,

But the whisper, the laughter of fools ... (Chapter 6, stanza XI)

But Pushkin explains it from his position:

And here is the public opinion!

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves! (Chapter 6, stanza XI)

Onegin understands the horror of everything that is happening around, the ability to be alone with his conscience, “calling himself to a secret court”, and to do as his conscience tells him is a rare skill. The "executioners" are the Pustyakovs and Buyano, and Yevgeny does not dare to speak out against them.

Onegin really suffers. He is tormented by this situation, but ... he accepted the challenge and the duel is a matter of honor.

Lensky, with his youthful enthusiasm, is pleased that the challenge has been accepted. Before the duel, Lensky goes to the Larins' house, although he did not want to see Olga until the very end. She was (as usual) friendly and affectionate:

He sees: he is still loved;

Already he, we torment with repentance,

Ready to ask her forgiveness ... (Chapter 6, stanza XIV)

Returning home, Lensky writes poetry, unlike Onegin, who not only sleeps soundly, but is also late for the duel.

Lensky was killed in a duel ... He was killed not because of Onegin's revenge, but because Eugene, although he hated the society in which he was supposed to be, he cannot go against this society and social "rules".

Onegin takes revenge on Lensky for inviting him to the ball, where there was a "rabble" that Eugene hated so much. Onegin, due to his age, perceives this as a game and tomfoolery. But for Lensky this is not the case. He is a romantic who imagines himself a knight. For him, the fact that Onegin invited Olga to dance is considered a betrayal, both in relation to Olga (love betrayal) and in relation to Eugene (treason to friendship). The challenge to a duel is followed by an answer - consent; seeing that Vladimir began to raise his pistol, Evgeniy shoots. Lensky is killed.

The duel in the novel is strange, but this strangeness by no means excludes the tragedy of what is happening.

Onegin brought a French servant as a second to the duel. The rules of the duel are violated: fights, as a matter of honor, could take place ONLY between people with a title of nobility. Consequently, the seconds must also be of a noble class.

Onegin deliberately breaks the rules. Thus, he shows his disrespect for the retired officer Zaretsky, Lensky's second, and openly declares to him:

I foresee no objection

For my presentation:

Although he is an unknown person,

But, of course, the small honest(chapter VI, stanza XXVII)

It is important to note that in the same chapter and stanza, Onegin calls the servant friend (« Here he is, my friendmonsieurGuillot”), but the author calls Onegin and Lensky enemies ("Enemies stand with downcast eyes")

Zaretsky, I feel insults addressed to me, wished not to notice them. Onegin himself did not appreciate the moral qualities of a second.

Ya.A. Gordin notes that Onegin is guided by the same considerations that A.S. himself followed. Pushkin novel in verse: “Judging by what we know about Pushkin's duels, he was rather contemptuous of the ritual side of the duel. This is evidenced by his last duel, before which he suggested that the opposing side itself choose a second for him - even a lackey. And it was not the result of special circumstances. This was the principle that he proclaimed back in Onegin, forcing him, a secular man and an experienced combatant, to take a servant as his seconds, and at the same time ridiculed the dueling pedant Zaretsky.<…>

For Pushkin, the main thing in a duel was the essence and result, and not rituals. Peering into the duel elements raging around, he was guided by the Russian duel in its typical, and not ritual-secular version ... ”[Gordin Ya.A. Duels and duelists. SPb., 2002. S. 31].

Zaretsky is an intriguer who wants to “quarrel young friends / And put them on a barrier” (Chapter VI, stanza VI).

Onegin's participation in the duel is forced. He feels guilty for his behavior in the Larins' house. But the fear of being a coward in the face of those whom Eugene hates so much makes the duel inevitable.

Onegin does not want to take revenge on Lensky. His attitude to the duel is not at all like that of Lensky.