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Department of "Marketing"

COURSE WORK

Brick market research

Introduction

The building materials market directly depends on the construction market, being directly dependent, and this dependence is mutual: the presence of construction companies on the market requires the presence of building materials production, which in turn is based on the demand of construction organizations for building materials. A thorough study of the needs will allow you to properly organize the production of the required volume of construction products.

One of the most basic and popular building materials is brick, which is used both in individual housing construction and on a large scale. Brick has been used in construction for a very long time and therefore has established itself as a time-tested building material.

Buildings and structures built of brick, as a rule, are more expensive than buildings built of wood, concrete panels. Brick gives the constructed object durability, increases operational characteristics, and brick buildings also have a diverse architectural appearance. brick competitor pricing import

To date, there is a large assortment of bricks, where manufacturers have diversified this building material in terms of price, technical performance and appearance.

In accordance with the All-Russian Classification of Economic Activities (OKVED), approved by order of Rostekhregulirovanie No. 329-st of November 22, 2007, the production of building bricks is classified under code 26.40 "production of bricks, tiles and other building products from baked clay" refers to section D, subsection DI "Production of other non-metallic material structures" .

This grouping includes:

Production of non-refractory building materials from clay: production of ceramic bricks, roof tiles, deflectors, ceramic sewer and drainage pipes, etc.;

Manufacture of fired clay floor blocks.

This grouping does not include:

Manufacture of building refractory ceramic products;

Production of ceramic slabs and blocks for paving.

In accordance with the All-Russian classifier of products OK 005-93 OKP, approved by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1993 No. 301, wall materials (without wall reinforced concrete panels) (57 4100) in the context of the type of product include:

- "ceramic brick" - code 57 4121;

- "silicate and slag brick" - code 57 4124;

- "brick and building stones from tripoli and diatomites" - code 57 4126.

In this term paper, I reviewed the classification of bricks, its technical characteristics, an overview of the brick market in Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory separately, market changes over the past 4 years.

1. Typology of commercial products, main types on the Russian market, features of the use of brick products

Brick is an artificial stone of the correct form, used as a building material, made from mineral materials, which has the properties of a stone, strength, water resistance, frost resistance.

By appointment, ceramic bricks are divided into ordinary (this is construction) and front (this is facing, cladding, finishing, facade).

Ordinary (building) brick is used for internal masonry or for external rows, but with subsequent plastering. An ordinary brick sometimes has a depressed geometric pattern on the side (for better adhesion to the plaster mortar).

The front (facing) brick is of a uniform color, has two smooth, even front surfaces (the so-called "poke" and "spoon"). It is, as a rule, hollow (that is, there are many voids in its "body", which makes the wall of such a brick warmer).

According to its composition and manufacturing method, the brick is divided into two groups - ceramic (building and facing) and silicate (white)

· Ceramic brick (clay) is obtained by firing clays and their mixtures. Ceramic bricks are usually used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls and partitions, one-story and multi-story buildings and structures, internal partitions, filling voids in monolithic concrete structures, laying foundations, the inside of chimneys, industrial and domestic furnaces.

The front ceramic brick is made using a special technology, which gives it a lot of advantages. The front brick should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. Facing bricks are usually used in the construction of new buildings, but can also be successfully used in various restoration works. It is used when facing the plinths of buildings, walls, fences, for interior design.

Thus, ceramic brick has the following competitive advantages:

ѕ durable and wear-resistant: ceramic brick has high frost resistance, which is confirmed by many years of experience in its use in construction;

ѕ good sound insulation: walls made of ceramic bricks, as a rule, comply with the requirements of [SP] 51.13330.2011 "Noise protection".

* low moisture absorption (less than 14%, and for clinker bricks this figure can reach 3%): ceramic bricks dry quickly;

ѕ environmental friendliness: ceramic bricks are made from environmentally friendly natural raw materials - clay, according to technology familiar to mankind for decades. During the operation of buildings built from it, red brick does not emit substances harmful to humans, such as radon gas;

* resistance to almost all climatic conditions: allows you to maintain reliability and appearance;

* high strength (15 MPa and above - 150 atm.);

* high density (1950 kg/m³, up to 2000 kg/m³ with hand molding);

- frost resistance: facing brick has high frost resistance, and this is especially important for the northern climate. The frost resistance of a brick is, along with strength, the most important indicator of its durability. Ceramic facing brick is ideal for the Russian climate;

ѕ strength and stability: due to the high strength and low volume of porosity, the masonry erected from facing products is characterized by high strength and amazing resistance to environmental influences;

ѕ different textures and colors: a range of different shapes and colors of facing bricks makes it possible to create an imitation of old buildings during the construction of a modern house, and also allows you to compensate for the lost fragments of the facades of old mansions.

Along with the advantages, this type has disadvantages, namely:

ѕ high price: due to the fact that ceramic brick requires several stages of processing, its price is quite high compared to the price of sand-lime brick;

ѕ the possibility of efflorescence: unlike silicate brick, ceramic brick “requires” a high-quality mortar, otherwise efflorescence may appear;

¾ the need to purchase all the required facing bricks from one batch: if the facing ceramic bricks are purchased from different batches, there may be problems with the tone.

Sand-lime brick - consists of approximately 90% sand, 10% lime and a small proportion of additives. The mixture is sent to the autoclave, and not to the kiln, as is the case with ceramic bricks. If you add color pigments to the batch, you can get a silicate brick of almost any color - blue, green, crimson, purple, black. Sand-lime brick is usually used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls and partitions, one-story and multi-story buildings and structures, internal partitions, filling voids in monolithic concrete structures, and the outer part of chimneys.

Silicate brick has the following competitive advantages:

ѕ Environmental friendliness: silicate brick is made from environmentally friendly natural raw materials - lime and sand, according to a technology familiar to mankind for several centuries;

ѕ soundproofing: this plays an important role in the construction of inter-apartment or interior walls. Silicate brick is used for laying walls and pillars in civil and industrial construction;

* compared to ceramic, silicate brick has a higher density;

* high frost resistance and strength; silicate brick in terms of strength and frost resistance significantly exceeds the brands of light concrete. On the facades built from it, the builders give a guarantee of 50 years;

* reliability and a wide range; reliability and a wide range of sand-lime bricks allows you to use it both in new construction and in reconstruction. Textured, colored silicate brick will decorate the facades of both public and residential buildings, as well as country cottages, summer cottages;

¾ type of painting: colored silicate bricks are colored in mass in the same way as ceramic bricks. But, unlike ceramic bricks, silicate bricks can be dyed only with the help of special artificial dyes, and ceramic bricks acquire a certain color as a result of mixing different types of clay;

ѕ unpretentiousness: structures made of silicate brick are unpretentious and resistant to external factors. The whims of nature do not have a significant impact on its appearance, the facade retains its color and does not require additional care, except for cases of use in aggressive environments or in conditions of high humidity.

A serious disadvantage of silicate brick is its reduced water resistance and heat resistance, so it cannot be used in structures exposed to water (foundations, sewer wells, etc.) and high temperatures (furnaces, chimneys, etc.).

When choosing a brick, it is necessary to pay close attention not only to its type, but also to the totality of technical characteristics. The main properties of a brick, according to which this building material is classified: strength, frost resistance, density, thermal conductivity and porosity.

Density:

The density of a brick shows the ratio of the mass of the material to its volume, taking into account pores and voids. That is, this indicator indirectly reflects the porosity and thermal conductivity of the material and is therefore used as one of the main characteristics of a brick.

Porosity:

The structure of a brick depends on the degree of filling with pores of its volume. Many of its operational characteristics depend on the porosity coefficient of a building material: strength, frost resistance, thermal conductivity, etc.

Strength:

The key characteristic of a brick, according to which a digital designation of the brand is assigned to it, is strength. This indicator reflects the ability of the material to withstand certain loads under certain conditions without deformation and destruction. The strength of the brick, indicated by the marking after the letter "M", shows the maximum allowable load per 1 cm2. material surface. For example, bricks come in grades M100, M200, M250, M300, etc. The higher the number, the stronger the brick.

Thermal conductivity:

The thermal conductivity of a brick is reflected in the thermal conductivity coefficient indicated by the manufacturer, which shows the ability of the material to transfer heat from one surface to another, subject to the initial difference in their temperatures.

Frost resistance:

The index of frost resistance of building materials is very important for countries with a variable climate - it shows the minimum number of freeze and thaw cycles allowed for a material without damage and loss of strength. This indicator is marked with the letter F and the number corresponding to the number of cycles: F25, F35, F50, F100, etc. In Russia, the construction of industrial premises and residential buildings is carried out using bricks marked at least F35.

Also, a brick in the modern construction market can have a different shape, size, color and other variable external differences. The variety of materials allows you to accurately implement the wishes of customers and embody the design solutions of designers at a high level of quality and aesthetics.

2. Overview of the brick market

2.1 Study of the Russian brick market, production and sales dynamics, pricing trends, import and export volume indicators, price determinants

As you know, the main consumers of brick products are construction companies whose finished products include bricks. Thus, the demand for bricks directly depends on the success of firms engaged in construction activities. Construction companies use bricks for the construction of residential, civil, industrial, public facilities. Finished products of construction organizations are industrial, civil, residential buildings, special structures.

Another consumer of bricks is the population, which also uses it as a building material: for the construction of houses, garages, dachas, fences, etc.

In Russia, there are three main segments of bricks: these are refractory ceramic bricks, silicate bricks and building bricks made of cement, concrete or artificial stone.

In the structure of the market, more than 52% falls on ceramic bricks, about 30% - on bricks made of cement, concrete or artificial stone, and about 18% - on silicate bricks.

Most bricks are used for the construction of residential and civil facilities, so the volume of brick production depends on the pace of construction and commissioning of finished construction projects. Table 1 presents data on the volume of commissioning of residential and non-residential buildings for the period from 2000 to 2014.

Indicator

Number of commissioned buildings - total, thous.

including:

residential purpose

non-residential purpose

Total construction volume of buildings - total, million m 3

including:

residential purpose

non-residential purpose

Total area of ​​buildings - total, mln. m2

including:

residential purpose

non-residential purpose

Table 1 - Commissioning of residential and non-residential buildings in the Russian Federation

Table 1 shows that over the period 2000-2014 the number of commissioned buildings is growing, with the exception of the crisis period, after which the growth rate fell, but then growth is observed. There is a significant difference between the indicators of 2000 and 2014, if in 2000 the number of commissioned buildings was 119.7 thousand, then in 2014 there were already 298 thousand of them. As for the total construction volume of buildings, in 2011 this indicator almost reached the pre-crisis level and amounted to 423 mln. m3 (in 2009 - 423.6 mln. In subsequent years, growth rates rapidly increased and in 2104 the total construction volume of buildings amounted to 616 million m3, of which 402 million m3 were residential buildings and 213 million m3 were non-residential buildings.

Thus, the dynamics of the construction market over the past 4 years has shown steady growth, therefore, this growth entails an increase in demand for building materials, in particular bricks.

There is an increase in the production of ceramic bricks, from 2010 to 2014 the volume increased by 2.4 billion conventional units. bricks, if in 2010 this volume was 5 billion conventional units. bricks, according to the results of 2014, the production of ceramic bricks in Russia increased by 3% and amounted to 7.4 billion conventional units. Bricks, we note that this is a record mark over the past 10 years. Since 2011, the growth rate began to gradually decline, in 2011 the growth rate was 122%, in 2014-106%.

The largest volume of ceramic bricks is produced in the Central Federal District (28% in 2014) and the Volga Federal District (27% in 2014). This is followed by the Siberian Federal District (14%) and the Southern Federal District (12%).

Table 2 presents data on the volume of brick production by territorial division for the period 2010-2014 in physical terms.

Table 2 - Dynamics of ceramic brick production by federal districts in 2010-2014

federal district	2010, mln. Cyrus.	2011, mln. Cyrus.	2012, mln. Cyrus.	2013, mln. Cyrus.	2014, mln. Cyrus.
Central Federal District
Southern Federal District
Volga Federal District
Ural federal district
Siberian Federal District

Such a large share of brick production in the Central Federal District is associated primarily with the volume of construction, which also occupy a leading position in the whole country.

Also, one of the leading places in the production of ceramic bricks is occupied by the Southern Federal District, this fact is associated with the preparations for the Olympic Games, which were held in Sochi in 2014, at this time interval there was a large-scale construction of Olympic facilities that require a large need for building materials, therefore The widest production of bricks was developed in this territory. Also the reason is the warm climate in this region, which allows to extract raw materials for production for a longer period of the year.

As for the Siberian federal and Volga regions, which occupy one of the leading places in terms of brick production, such a high volume is primarily associated with large deposits of mineral rocks used for brick production.

It should be noted that in 2014 the production of ceramic bricks increased compared to 2013 in the Northwestern Federal District (+18%), the Northwestern Federal District (+18%), the Central Federal District (+6%) and the Volga Federal District (+5%). In the Urals Federal District, production remained at the level of 2013, while a decrease was recorded in the Southern Federal District (-6%), the Far Eastern Federal District (-8%) and the Siberian Federal District (-2%).

The total revenue from the sale of finished bricks is presented in table 3.

Table 3 - Dynamics of proceeds (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services (minus value added tax, excises and other similar obligatory payments).

Territory	2010, thousand rubles	2011, thousand rubles	2012, thousand rubles	2013, thousand rubles	2014, thousand rubles
the Russian Federation
Central Federal District
Northwestern Federal District
Southern Federal District
Volga Federal District
Ural federal district
Siberian Federal District
Far Eastern Federal District

The revenue from the sale of brick producers nationwide from 2010 to 2014 increased by 2 times, the most significant change in revenue for this period was shown by the Ural Federal District, the total revenue of manufacturers increased by 15,184,981 thousand rubles. or by 167.4%, PFO has the lowest revenue.

The seasonal factor has a significant impact on the volume of production. Three main components are used to make bricks - sand, clay, limestone, the extraction of which depends on the time of year. Table 4 presents data on brick production volumes for 2014, broken down by months.

Table 4 - Seasonality of production of ceramic bricks in kind and percentage in 2010 - 2014

	Year, bln cond. bricks	% to total volume
September

Most of the volume of brick production falls on the warm season, this is the period from April to August, about 68% of the total volume is produced in these months.

This fluctuation is associated with the extraction of raw materials during this period of the year. The main components of bricks are sand, clay and limestone, which are easiest to extract during the warm season, since the soil at this time is not frozen and provides more opportunities for the extraction of raw materials for the production of bricks. Another reason for this gap is the production technology itself, where one of the technological stages of brick production is its cooling, some manufacturers do this in the open air, at a certain temperature, as the temperature should not be low. It is in the warm season that there is such an opportunity.

Also, this high seasonal demand for bricks is associated with the consumers themselves, as a rule, individual buyers in the summer season are engaged in landscaping their plots or building houses, and construction companies, in comfortable weather conditions, are picking up the pace of construction work.

The share of imports of ceramic bricks is not a large part, due to the developed production of bricks in Russia, where developers are quite satisfied with domestic products, such a share does not occupy a large part in the segment. Imported bricks are more expensive than domestic ones.

Figure 4 presents data on the volume of imports of ceramic bricks.

It can be seen that imports from 2012 to 2014 increased markedly, so 13% was an increase in imports for 2012-2013, then the increase was insignificant, but the positive trend continued. According to the results of 2014, the volume of imports of ceramic bricks amounted to 693 thousand tons (about 200 million standard bricks with an average weight of 1 brick = 3.45 kg), which is 2% higher than in 2013. In value terms, the volume of imports amounted to USD 81 million, which is 5% lower than in 2013.

According to the results of 1 quarter. In 2015, 39 thousand tons of ceramic bricks (11 million conventional bricks) were imported to Russia in the amount of 3 million US dollars.

The key importer of ceramic bricks to Russia is Belarus, whose share in physical terms at the end of 2014 amounted to 51%. In value terms, Germany (33% in 2014) and Belarus (27% in 2014) are leading.

In 2014, imports of ceramic bricks from Belarus increased, the volume of deliveries from Germany remained practically at the level of 2013, and there is a decrease in deliveries for other key supplying countries.

Table 5 - The volume of imports of ceramic bricks by country of origin in 2013-March 2015, thousand tons and in%

Country of origin			Change for 2013	January-March 2015
				thousand tons
Belarus
Germany

According to Table 5, it can be seen that the largest changes are undergoing in the volume of imports of bricks from China, the decrease from this country is 86%, as well as imports from Estonia and other countries, while the volume of imports increased by 20% compared to 2013 from Belarus, the same indicator of imports from Germany almost did not change, the increase was about 1%.

As a rule, the export and import of bricks is carried out with countries bordering the territory, mainly the CIS countries.

Below are the data on the volume of exports of ceramic bricks for 2012-2014 (tab. 6-8)

Table 6 - Export of ceramic bricks in 2012

	thousand tons	thousand dollars
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Mongolia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
	thousand tons	thousand dollars
The Republic of Moldova
Non-CIS countries
CIS countries

The largest buyer of Russian bricks in 2012 was Kazakhstan, which purchased 12,065 thousand tons of ceramic bricks in the amount of 1,735.8 thousand dollars in just a year; dollars, the total volume of deliveries to the CIS countries in 2012 amounted to 15133 thousand tons in the amount of 2603.7 thousand dollars, to non-CIS countries - 1580 thousand tons or 383.3 thousand dollars.

Table 7 - Export of ceramic bricks in 2013

	thousand tons	thousand dollars
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Mongolia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
South Ossetia
Non-CIS countries
CIS countries

In 2013, the total volume of deliveries increased, so 22917 thousand tons were sent to the CIS countries in the amount of 3406.9 thousand dollars, which is 54.4% higher than the previous year. Kazakhstan remains the leader in the import of Russian bricks, having purchased more than 21,211 thousand tons of ceramic bricks in 2013. Exports to non-CIS countries decreased, the decrease was 22%.

Table 8 - Export of ceramic bricks in 2014

	thousand tons	thousand dollars
Belarus
Germany
Kazakhstan
The Republic of Korea
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Finland
Non-CIS countries
CIS countries

In 2014, Russia significantly increased the export of ceramic bricks compared to the two previous periods (2012 and 2013), in total, exports amounted to 692,528 thousand tons of ceramic bricks in the amount of 82,195.2 thousand dollars, compared to 2013, the volume of supplies increased by 2,767%. In addition to the CIS countries, European countries, as well as the United States, began to buy ceramic bricks. Belarus is the leader in the import of domestic bricks. The trend of a sharp increase in the purchase of Russian bricks is associated with the devaluation of the ruble, due to its fall against foreign currency, it became profitable for external buyers to purchase such building materials as ceramic bricks from Russia.

The pricing of a brick product is primarily affected by its most important component in the cost estimate - it is raw materials (clay, sand). At what distance is the quarry for the extraction of minerals, how it is added, the depth of the rocks, the method of delivery to the production site - all this affects the cost of the raw material base for the production of finished products.

Producers, if they extract raw materials on their own, as a rule, locate their plants in the vicinity of the place of occurrence of minerals in order to save transportation costs.

Delivery of finished bricks to the buyer also incurs additional costs, this is affected by the degree of remoteness of the buyer from the supplier, if it is a brick from a neighboring region, then the price will be higher due to the remoteness of the buyer from the supplier.

The cheapest way to buy at a brick factory, but then you have to pay a lot for transport. In trading companies, a brick costs an average of 10% more than at a factory, but this price also includes delivery to the place. In addition, companies practice discounts. In construction markets, where you can buy bricks by the piece, its price can be two times higher than at the factory.

The price depends on the brick brand as follows: the higher the brand, the more expensive the brick. Brick M-125 is more expensive than M-100 by about 10%. The difference in price between the "hundredth" and "two hundredth" marks can be 25-35%.

It is more profitable to buy ceramic stones or a double stone. The dependence here is approximately the following: an increase in the size of a brick by 50% increases its price by 20%. For example, a single brick costs 10 rubles, a one and a half brick will cost 15 rubles, and a double brick will cost 17 rubles.

In general, the higher the brand, the more expensive. And the larger the stone, the cheaper it is. If you buy from the factory, you will have to pay for transportation. And it will not always cost less than buying a brick from a dealer, probably this is the cheapest option when buying a brick, brand 100-125.

Average brick prices in Russia are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 - Average prices of brick producers in the Russian Federation in 2010-2014

In general, in the country from 2010 to 2014, the price of ceramic bricks increased by 54% - for ceramic and 38% - for silicate.

As for the territorial division of price changes for bricks, the data are presented in Table 10

Table 10 - Change in prices for the period from the beginning of the reporting year in % to the corresponding period of the previous year 2012-2015

Central Federal District
Northwestern Federal District
Southern Federal District
North Caucasian Federal District
Volga Federal District
Siberian Federal District
Far Eastern Federal District
Crimean Federal District

In the Central Federal District, the largest sharp increase in prices was in 2013, in 2015 the growth slowed down and the change compared to 2014 left 1.35% .32%, followed by an increase of as much as 13%, after which the change decreased and in 2015 amounted to 4.57%. Brick prices fluctuated in the North Caucasus Federal District, in 2012 the decrease was 8.1%, in 2013 an increase of 6.2%, in 2014 again a decrease - 5.39% and in 2015 the price increase was 12.26%. Negative dynamics is shown by the Siberian Federal District and the Far East, in these districts the change in prices is in the negative direction.

Let's calculate the market capacity based on structural characteristics (formula 1):

Market capacity \u003d Pr - E + I + (On- Ok), (1)

where, Pr - production within the country;

E - export;

I - import;

He - the balance of goods in warehouses at the beginning of the period;

OK - the balance of goods in warehouses at the end of the period.

The market capacity of ceramic bricks (thousand tons) for 2014 was:

Market Capacity = 2144928 - 692528 + 693 + (243913 - 272463) = 1424543

Approximately 1,424,543 thousand tons of ceramic bricks were enough in 2014 to meet the demand of potential consumers.

2.2 Brick Market Research in Krasnoyarsk Krai: Brick Production Trends, Major Producers and Consumers, Competitive Alternatives to Brick Products

The development of the construction industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is gaining momentum every year. First of all, this is due to the growth of the population in this region, which has been growing steadily since 2011, if in 2011 the number was 2,859,105 people, then at the end of 2014 it approached 2,858,773 people of the permanent population. This dynamic requires an increase in the number of residential areas and, consequently, an increase in the production of building materials.

There is a noticeable difference between 2010 and 2014, during this period the volume of construction work increased by 55.5%, since 2013 there has been a decrease in growth.

Consider the dynamics of brick production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in relation to production volumes in Siberia and the country (Table 11).

Table 11 - Production of bricks, conv. bricks

As noted earlier, the Siberian Federal District occupies one of the leading places in terms of brick production, this is about 13.6% in 2014. As for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the table shows a steady increase in brick production, from 2010 to 2014 the volume of production increased by 85.7 million conventional units. bricks or 76.5%, a large share of the production volume is the production of bricks from concrete and artificial stone. The share of production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory within the district for 2014 was about 20%. Table 12 shows data on the revenue of the regions of the Siberian Federal District.

Table 12 - Dynamics of proceeds (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services, thousand rubles.

	Year, thousand rubles
The Republic of Buryatia
The Republic of Khakassia
Altai region
Zabaykalsky Krai
Krasnoyarsk region
Irkutsk region
Kemerovo region
Novosibirsk region
Omsk region
Tomsk region

The Novosibirsk region remains the leader in terms of total revenue in the region, with a 30% share of revenue in the Siberian Federal District, from 2010 to 2014 revenue increased by 976,698 thousand rubles. or by 135.4%

As for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to Table 12, a fluctuation in the change in the volume of revenue is visible, from 2011 to 2013 it gradually decreased, but with the growth in brick production, there is a sharp increase in revenue by 278,270 thousand rubles. or 75% from 2013 to 2014. The share of the proceeds of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for 2014 is 11.3% - taking the third position in this indicator, behind the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions.

The main volume of bricks is used for the construction of residential and civil buildings, for example, for brick, monolithic-brick housing construction. The cost of apartments in houses built of brick is usually higher than the cost of panel construction, but such houses are distinguished by high heat and sound insulation.

Today, such building material as brick in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is competed with cinder blocks, cellular concrete, gas silicate block, polystyrene concrete, sand-cement blocks. These alternatives have the following advantages:

Building blocks are much larger than ordinary bricks, which speeds up masonry work

The exact size of the blocks, the verified geometric shape and the well-thought-out nomenclature allow even low-skilled employees to successfully perform work;

Since most types of blocks can be mounted with glue and not with cement mortars, the quality of the masonry is better. In addition, the construction site will require less water, cement and sand;

Many types of blocks can be sawn, drilled and cut even with a simple hand tool, including for laying communications. Blocks hold screws and nails well;

When building from blocks, there is no need to use complex equipment;

Ease of installation ensures high construction rates.

Heat-efficient building blocks (usually they are hollow, made using appropriate porous warm fillers - expanded clay, sawdust, slag, etc.) perform the functions of a supporting structure and a wall heat insulator at the same time, that is, they allow you to design and build housing that meets the standards without the use of other heaters;

Economic benefit. When erecting a building from the same brisolite, the reduction in the cost of building walls ranges from 30 to 50%. The construction of structures from heat-efficient silicon granite blocks is two times cheaper than the construction of traditional bricks.

The disadvantages of the material are that some types of wall blocks, in particular expanded clay concrete, have lower strength than bricks, reduced frost resistance and density. The disadvantages of aerated concrete blocks include their fragility to fracture, which does not allow their use in multi-storey construction.

To date, there are about 182 organizations in the region engaged in the production and sale of building materials, including bricks, of which 75 are in Krasnoyarsk.

In total, there are 12 brick factories in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, most of which are located in Krasnoyarsk, and they produce both constructive (ceramic) bricks and facing bricks, which are used in the design of facades. Moreover, a number of brick factories also belong to construction organizations. For example, a large brick manufacturer? - the Sibirsky Element enterprise? - belongs to the Moscow company SU_155, Sibagropromstroy owns the Peschanka enterprise, the Arban company began construction of a brick factory in Kansk last year. In addition, there are several other large manufacturers operating in the city? - brick factories "Stone", "Commonwealth", "First Brick Factory", etc.

These enterprises occupy 77.5% of the brick market share in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, of which the largest manufacturer is the Siberian Element enterprise, with a market share of 30.6%. In total, there are 9 brick factories in Krasnoyarsk.

In the construction market, there are also construction companies that provide themselves with bricks, creating its production, and in addition to their own consumption, they also successfully sell it to the side, such companies as Monolit Holding, Sibagropromstroy, Sibiryak can be taken as an example.

In 2015, for the first time in the last 4 years, there is a decrease in brick prices, before that this indicator had a positive trend, every year growth slowed down both in the Siberian district and in the region.

Conclusion

In general, a favorable climate for the production and sale of these products has been preserved on the Russian brick market. With the growth of construction, the volume of production also grows. According to the results of 2014, construction volumes remain the highest level in 10 years, 616 million m3, brick production has the same dynamics, for 2014 7.4 billion units, which is the highest production volume for the analyzed period. The approximate capacity of the brick market in Russia is 1424543 thousand tons.

The largest consumer of bricks is the Central Federal District, which has a concentration of 38,944,837 people, which requires a large scale of residential development.

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with a high pace of construction, the volume of production of building materials, in particular, bricks, is also increasing, so this volume at the end of 2014 amounted to 196.7 million conventional units. bricks. The positive dynamics should continue in the coming years, despite the economic difficulties in the country, the demand for brick production will be high due to the influx of people and the construction of sports facilities for the Universiade, which also requires the construction of additional infrastructure.

FROM list of sources used

1. On the adoption and entry into force of Amendment 1/2007 OKVED to the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities OK 029-2001 (NACE Rev. 1), the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities OK 029-2007 (NACE Rev. 1.1) and the All-Russian Classifier of Products according to types of economic activity OK 034-2007 (KPES 2002) [electronic resource]: order of Rostekhregulirovanie dated 11/22/2007 329-st. Reference legal system "Consultant plus". - Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru.

2. OKVED 26.40 [electronic resource]: production of bricks, tiles and other building products from baked clay. All-Russian classifiers. - Access mode: http://klassifikators.ru.

3. All-Russian product classifier OK 005-93 (OKP) [electronic resource]: Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of December 30, 1993 N 301) (sections 01-34) (as amended by changes NN 1 - 31 OKP) (as amended and additions). Information and legal portal "Garant". - Access mode: http://www.garant.ru

4. Prokhorov, A. M. Building bricks: a large Soviet encyclopedia / Prokhorov A. M. - Moscow: 1969. - 204 p.

5. GOST 530-2012 [electronic resource]: Ceramic brick and stone. General specifications. GOST database - Access mode: http://standartgost.ru.

6. Rosstat [electronic resource]: commissioning of buildings, structures, individual production facilities, residential buildings, social and cultural facilities. Federal State Statistics Service - Access mode: http://www.gks.ru.

7. Analytics I-Marketing [electronic resource]: Marketing research "Building materials" - Access mode: http://marketing-i.ru [electronic resource].

8. Rosstat [electronic resource]: production of main types of products in physical terms. Federal State Statistics Service - Access mode: http://www.gks.ru.

9. Unified interdepartmental information and statistical system [electronic resource]: Sales revenue - Access mode: http://www.fedstat.ru/indicators/start.do.

10. Unified interdepartmental information and statistical system [electronic resource]: Production of main types of products in physical terms - Access mode: http://www.fedstat.ru/indicators/start.do.

11. Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation [electronic resource]: customs statistics of foreign trade of the Russian Federation. Access mode: http://www.customs.ru.

12. Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation [electronic resource]: Analytical materials - Access mode: http://www.fas.gov.ru.

13. Bobrovnikov A. N., Volkova S. N., Zamyatina I. E., Nikolskaya V. A. Fundamentals of marketing: textbook 1st edition 2007. - 88 p.

14. Krasnoyarskstat [electronic resource]: Industrial production - Access mode: http://www.krasstat.gks.ru.

15. Construction newspaper [electronic resource]: building materials - Access mode: http://www.stroygaz.ru.

16. Krasnoyarskstat [electronic resource]: Enterprises and firms of Krasnoyarsk - Access mode: http://www.krasstat.gks.ru.

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For thousands of years, brick has been considered the most popular material suitable for the construction of various buildings and buildings. Until relatively recently, bricks were produced by hand, using special hand presses and kilns. These simple devices formed the basis of modern automated equipment, which made it possible to minimize labor costs in the field of brick production.

Brick production methods in a brick factory

Depending on the production technology, there are two main methods of brick production. The firing method involves placing the clay mass, pre-treated with belt presses, into special kilns for subsequent firing and obtaining the finished building material. The non-firing method does not require an oven - the material dries naturally. To begin with, the raw material is crushed to a particle size of no more than 3-5 mm, after which it is combined with water and cement, and then pressed. For the pressing procedure, vibropress machines, hyperpresses or tribopresses are required.

A brick factory is a complex production that requires the owner to know the specifics of this business and a number of subtleties. Of course, the production of bricks is a very profitable occupation, which leads to the constant emergence of new players in the industrial production market. You can start with a mini-factory, gradually developing and turning the existing production into a large enterprise. To a greater extent, the efficiency of work depends on the available equipment.

The main equipment of the brick factory

Let us give an example of the equipment necessary for the operation of a brick mini-factory, which allows to produce from 3 million bricks per year.

• 1) Equipment for the preparation of the main raw material (clay) is the first stage of production. To obtain a homogeneous clay mass and separate stones from it, rollers are used.
• 2) For pressing clay. At this stage, the clay mass is placed in special machines for pressing. The belt press used in the production of bricks using firing technology is connected by a wire to a cutting machine, which allows the product to be molded. Brick made using non-fired technology involves the use of hyper-pressing or tribo-pressing methods, which are "cold welding". Finely ground mineral materials with the addition of a small amount of water and cement are pressed under high pressure
• 3) For moving bricks (special). For transportation of bricks to the drying chamber, wooden frames (drying slats or drying trays) are used. They are located below the material conveyor and move at a speed slightly faster than the clay belt.
• 4) For drying bricks (drying chambers). The molded bricks are transported to dryers, which are of three types, depending on the type of heating. Natural drying is used in cases where the volume of produced bricks is relatively small. Such drying takes a long time and requires free space to accommodate the material. During artificial drying, steam is used, which remains after firing bricks, or gases of combustion products. The process of drying bricks is due to hot air (its temperature is 350-400 ° C), which is fed directly from the oven into the drying chamber, for which an exhauster is used. Fans installed in the chamber allow even distribution of hot air and prevent premature drying of the surface. Flue gases for drying bricks are used much less frequently, since underground pipes or channels must be laid to get them into the drying chamber.
• 5) Equipment for roasting - special kilns are one of the most important components of production. As a rule, modern plants are equipped with tunnel-type furnaces, although there are ring-type furnaces. The inside of the furnace is lined with fireclay refractory bricks. There are three main zones of the furnace: the preparatory zone, the firing zone, the zone for cooling the material. Bricks are fired by burners installed on the sides of the kiln or at the top. The firing procedure takes place at a very high air temperature - from 900 to 1000 ° C, which affects the excellent properties of this building material. The finished brick has a different color, depending on the composition of the feedstock and the degree of firing. In any case, the material must be matte, free of cracks, chips and internal voids, and produce a ringing sound upon impact.
• 6) For packaging - brick packaging lines. After firing, the material is transferred to product pallets for subsequent wrapping. Automated equipment for capturing bricks from kiln trolleys allows you to work without interruptions and disturbances. Bricks are packed mainly with stretch film or metal / polyurethane tape.

So, high-quality equipment is the key to the efficient operation of a brick factory. The relevance of this material for builders and architects determines the constant demand for bricks, which accordingly affects the income level of brick production owners and allows you to quickly recoup the funds invested in the business. Production, equipped with high-quality machines and devices, will not only speed up the workflow and facilitate the work of employees, but also help to expand the range of products.

Business idea: brick production at home, how to open a mini workshop?
Where we do business: a private house, workshop, rented premises
Main costs: purchase of equipment for production, purchase of materials, electricity
Required equipment: brick making machine, molds
Consumables: sand, cement, water, dyes
Initial capital: from 200,000 rubles. up to 1,500,000 rubles
Payback period: from 6 to 18 months
Possible profit: from 35,000 rubles. up to 200,000 rubles

Brick is a unique material that combines high strength and good heat and sound insulation characteristics. What's more, it is also easy to operate and operate, eco-friendly, flame retardant, earthquake resistant, durable, non-shrinking. All buildings that are made of brick do not need any special maintenance and control.

Payback mini brick factory

Practice has shown that a mini brick plant can pay off in a few years. Accordingly, this business is highly profitable and promising. Since this business option does not require the installation of treatment facilities, it will be possible to organize production in any industrial premises. The purchase of equipment is accompanied by the provision of design estimates, service maintenance and commissioning, as well as training of personnel.

Equipment for independent production of bricks.

Brick Making Equipment

With the help of a universal, mobile, automatic semi-dry pressing press, it is possible to produce brick products from any type of clay, as well as from screenings, flour, shell slag, waste from brick factories.

The press includes an automatic rotary table, divided into 3 sections: 1. loading 2. molding 3. outlet.

The device is very efficient in operation. This equipment can be used in the field. With its help, silicate, facing, colored bricks are produced, which are later given the texture of torn stone. Our market offers a huge selection of equipment for the production of bricks at various prices. An inexpensive option is a mechanical machine that allows you to produce bricks in three sizes. The principle of its operation is based on the compression of the working mixture (clay, sifting, cement) in a special matrix-form by manual pressure. The machine contains a dosing device and a hopper that allows loading. It is worth noting that the machine is easy to operate, it can work without electricity, which is very important.

Another popular type of equipment is "hyperpress". The hyperpress is equipped with a standard matrix designed for the manufacture of more than 30 positions of bricks and facing tiles. It is important that the production of hyper pressed bricks is more economical and cost-effective.

Mini brick production line.

Machine for the production of bricks.

The set of equipment can also include molds for the production of bricks.

Brick production technology.

Before organizing a business, it is necessary to select and study the production technology. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the use of traditional technologies that involve the production of bricks by plastic molding can only be profitable if it covers about 30 million pieces per year. Indeed, in such a project it is necessary to invest at least 1 billion rubles.

Another, more accessible technology for the production of bricks is hyperpressing. The material that is made in accordance with this technology is very common and used, and also has good quality characteristics. In addition, the degree of its frost resistance and strength is several times higher than that of its "traditional counterparts".

Brick production is carried out using waste from industries such as mining, asbestos, cement, and metallurgical industries.

The next stage is the drying of the brick. This process is very responsible and difficult. If for this purpose we use a brick mini-factory, then the cost of finished high-quality bricks will not be too high, since the amount of defective products will be small. In the process of evaporation of moisture, the particles in the workpiece will approach each other as surface tension increases, which will reduce the volume of the brick. Shrinkage continues until reaching 15% of the indicator. After that, a decrease in volumes is noted, although the physically bound liquid is still not completely evaporated. To make the drying process better, it is necessary to use an equipped rack with a canopy. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that the bricks are well ventilated and that direct sunlight does not fall on them. The duration of the drying process is influenced by temperature, humidity, as well as the mobility of the outside air. As a rule, this process takes from 6 to 15 days. It is worth noting that such a raw brick has a rather low water resistance, so the walls of a building erected from such a brick must be protected from moisture.

Financial plan.

Profitability of brick production.

Staff

To operate the machines, you will need three people, whose duties will include monitoring the operation of the machines, filling the mixer with raw materials, and receiving the finished brick. It is worth noting that modern brick mini-factories are very safe and practically harmless. To fully staff the plant's staff, do not forget about the warehouse worker who will be responsible for keeping records of raw materials and finished products.

You may also need a driver with a cargo vehicle.

It is not worth hiring an accountant for a permanent job, thanks to changes in legislation, small businesses must submit reports every three months, so it will be enough for you to use the services of such a professional once every three months.

You will also need a cleaning lady and a caretaker.

Sales issues

The most important thing in this business is sales. Please note that if the brick production line is idle, you will lose a large amount of money. Therefore, you must take care of the uninterrupted sale of bricks. The main consumers of bricks, as a rule, are construction sites, but most of them already have contracts with factories, so concluding a contract with them can be a very troublesome business. Another active brick consumer is the private sector. It is this area that should help your company in the first stage. If you produce quality products, then you will very soon gain high popularity.

Experienced entrepreneurs and start-ups have always directed their interests towards the construction industry sector. From year to year, the construction market is expanding, creating an opportunity for businesses to compete adequately and develop dynamically.

Brick is one of the most used materials in this area, the need for which is not reduced for any season. Business analysts inform about the annual growth in consumer demand for bricks up to 5%. This becomes a motivating factor for entrepreneurs whose areas of interest cover the construction market segment.

In any business design, perspective is important, hence the expediency of investing in this particular type of activity. The production of bricks is classified as successful, which is due to the quick (annual) payback of the project. The choice of premises, method, equipment will be the key to successful business, make it profitable.

Brick production as a business idea

Where to begin

Initially, you need to decide on the room where the main brick-making equipment will be located. An area of ​​more than 500 m² is ideal for a full-fledged brick production line. The height of the ceilings for the production workshop should start from 5 m. The premises of the future plant can be searched among the empty factories, warehouses, hangars. If these areas are rented, then the price will be suitable. It is possible to purchase the premises for personal use. The form of ownership will directly depend on the available financial capabilities.

For brick production, it is not at all necessary to connect to the sewer system. Such an advantage can save money, time to choose a room, and your strength. It will be better if the building is divided into three sectors (raw materials warehouse, production workshop, storage room).

Types of produced bricks

Products are usually divided according to the following parameters:

1. Composition - manufacturing technology is determined:

• acid resistant
• Expanded clay containing
• Ceramic
• Clinker
• Silicate.

2. Brick dimensions:

• Single;
• Double;
• non-standard;
• One and a half.

3. Industrial Application:

• Special assignment;
• Building cladding;
• For classical construction, erection of walls, partitions.

4. The structure of the brick body.

• full bodied
• Hollow

5. Surface.

• chipped surface;
• Embossed surface;
• Smooth structure.

6. Resistance to low temperatures (5 types of frost resistance grades).

7. Indicators of water absorption. A high rate is noted for clinker bricks, in other cases the limit of 6-16% is considered the norm.

Basic equipment for making bricks in a factory

The main thing is to place the main equipment for production, additional equipment can be purchased later.

The brick production line necessarily includes:

1. Mixer. Designed for kneading clay mortar.
2. Mechanism for automatic cutting of clay mass into strips.
3. A mechanism for automatic cutting of a raw product from the obtained clay strips.
4. Kiln for roasting. Basically, this equipment is built independently, but you can buy ready-made small sizes. For hyperpressing no oven required.
5. Drying of finished products. They look like a chamber or a tunnel. Special drying is not required if the production is reduced to the manufacture of products only by firing.
6. Trolleys for transportation, trolleys.

1. Method of plastic formation. The kneaded clay mixture is cut into raw products, and then they wait until they dry. After drying, put in a kiln for firing. This manufacturing method is too costly, and the expediency of its production is justified if the output of finished products reaches 30 million units per year.

For starters, it will be enough to invest 100 million rubles.

2. Hyperpressing. Distinguished by its novelty, high quality. The basis for its application should be the production of finished products of at least 20 million units annually. Method hyperpressing will require the purchase of a stationary automatic vibropress, the price of which may exceed 1 million rubles. At the moment hyperpressed products are the most demanded in the construction market because of their chemical properties, quality indicators, production method.

Such a method of production would require a capital of 10 million rubles.

3. Traditional firing. Known since ancient times. It is distinguished by low cost, the ability to use more than 400 thousand units per year in the production of finished products.

To start producing products in this way, it will be enough to invest 2 million rubles.

Having decided on the method and type of equipment used, it is necessary to enlist the support of the supplier. Now it is not as difficult as before, because any equipment is easy to find in any Russian region. It is better to work with trusted suppliers whose office is located within easy reach of. This will allow regular maintenance of the brick shop in technical terms, simplifying the commissioning as well.

The production line for the manufacture of finished products consists of a screen, a crushing mechanism, a receiving hopper, a concrete mixer, a molding plant, a two-hose chute, lifting equipment, a compressor, an output hopper.

A semi-automated brick production line will require four workers to operate. A sufficient amount of work will be distributed to all specialists. Recruitment for work has the advantage: no special skills or diplomas are required.

homemade lego bricks

Even this type of private activity can be organized at home. The cost of equipment, effort for this kind of production will be much less than for industrial production. At the output, such a product will be a good option for laying out country houses, paths.

Buying a machine for the production of homemade Lego bricks will result in an amount of 15 thousand rubles. But its productivity will be low: enough to ensure its own construction, but not enough to sell such volumes (only 1 brick is molded at a time).

Although after watching the video, I want to buy myself this:

Notes.

The above business project can be applied to the prospective, practical organization of a small business, however, each entrepreneur determines his needs and opportunities on his own.

The constantly developing construction segment of the economy gives businessmen the opportunity to develop almost any area of ​​the construction market. The payback of a business project for the manufacture of bricks ranges from 1 to 3 years, which is due to the method chosen by the type of production.

The following are the main suppliers of equipment for the production of wall building materials produced by post-heat treatment.

(Note: Similar data on suppliers of equipment for the production of mineral (basalt) wool, stone processing machines, glass production lines and suppliers of cement plants can be viewed in the relevant sections of our website.)

It is the enterprises and companies operating for the 3rd quarter of 2015 that are subjected to a sample and offer equipment for delivery: from individual machines, assemblies or components, to a "turnkey plant" intended for the production of facing bricks, tiles, clinker paving slabs, porous blocks, facing tiles, glass, mineral basalt wool, stone processing, etc.
This time, the list of suppliers of brick making equipment does not include a large number of Chinese representatives. But not because of prejudice against them or any special status, but only because in China you can find the appropriate suppliers with 100% probability, but in other countries, this is quite problematic; although, it should be noted honestly, the quality is significantly superior to Chinese proposals (with the exception of a few companies). Nevertheless, even with all this, the Chinese market has given the prevailing number of potential representatives.

In the course of your searches, you can, using the information below, directly contact the relevant supplier of the automatic line, or entrust this mission (or part of it - at the preliminary agreement stage) to our Company. We already have established contacts with all the listed enterprises, so we will be able to SIGNIFICANTLY speed up the process of solving your questions.

So, the main equipment suppliers and brief reviews about them (the review is purely subjective and does not pretend to be statistical data and conclusions):

	....
ZHENGZHOU YINGFENG MACHINERY CO.,LTD (China) http://www.yfbrickmachine.com/		Operating company, however prefer to work mainly in China. There are problems with English and Russian speaking staff, and therefore there may be some communication difficulties.
Foshan Tech-Leader Machinery Equipment co., LTD (China) http://tile-machine.com/		Operating company. Good for contact. The company can work together with German companies specializing in equipment for the production of clay bricks.
Changsha Golden Bay Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd (China) http://english.jwmachine.com/		Similar to ZHENGZHOU YINGFENG MACHINERY, specializes mainly in the Chinese market, but also in India and the African continent. It should be borne in mind that machines designed for the manufacture of clay bricks are not the main specialization of this company.
Shandong Mechanical Company "COSMEC" (China) http://www.chinacosmec.cn/		The company specializes in the supply of mini-factories and automatic lines for the production of bricks and porous clay blocks. The factory has consultants who speak Russian (note: upon your request, we can provide the necessary contact details).
PLINTHOKERAM (Greece) http://toubla.gr/company_en.html		At present, the enterprise actually sells only the equipment that is in its charge: extruders, conveyors, automatic control systems, etc. The production capacity of the plant (productivity for bricks, weight) is 160-180 tons / 8 hours.
Hebi HeLong Special Machinery Co.,Ltd (China) http://anhuataoji.com/		The factory specializes in the production of equipment for the manufacture of so-called. honeycomb ceramics. It has its own production of extruders and mixers for a wide range of purposes. However, the possibility of supplying the entire line - the turnkey plant - has not yet been clarified.
Shuangyashan-Vostok Wall Materials Group LLC (China) www.sysdf.com		In fact, this is a group of companies that carries out complex deliveries of both the main components for lines for the production of bricks and porous blocks, and implements solutions for the construction of brick factories. The company employs specialists who speak spoken Russian.
IBRICK- BRICK MAKING MACHINERY MANUFACTURER (China) http://www.ibrick.cc/		The Chinese factory is quite flexible in cooperation. Works "in conjunction" with German companies (in particular withTecton). Able to supply and install an automatic line for the production of good quality facing bricks. The company has Russian-speaking staff.
Wangda Machinery Factory (China) http://www.cnwdmachine.com/		A machine-building plant specializing in the production of vacuum equipment (extruders) intended for brick enterprises, as well as furnaces and transport equipment. Currently, there is no confirmation of the capabilities of this plant to implement the supply, installation and launch of turnkey brick production.
Gongyi Zhongfang Manufacturing Co.,Ltd (China) http://www.chinazfzz.com/		It is positioned as an enterprise with 30 years of experience producing equipment for the manufacture of clay bricks and supplying it to countries adjacent to China. However, there are no reviews for this company.
Gongyi Zhengtai Machinery Factory (China) http://www.ztbrickmachine.com/		A Chinese company seeking to enter the international market, offering related equipment for the production of clay wall products. Equipment capabilities - good quality ordinary bricks and porous blocks.
TECTON GmbH (Germany) http://tecton-germany.de/de/		Supply of automatic lines for the production of facing bricks and porous blocks. Design and installation of a full cycle brick factory. The company employs employees who provide consultations in Russian.
LINGL ANLAGENBAU (Germany) http://www.lingl.com/		A company engaged in the design, supply, installation and subsequent maintenance of a brick factory with an automatic control system. The supplied lines allow the production of good quality facing bricks of various sizes and shapes. Preference is given to already established and tested options for the execution of equipment. Judging by the reviews, they are reluctantly leaning towards various kinds of innovations in production. Staff speaking in Russian - yes.
Ar-sanmakina (Turkey) http://www.arsanmakina.com/en/iletisim/		Manufacture and supply of equipment for the production of facing bricks and tiles. Main delivery regions: domestic market, Iran, Tunisia, Algeria.