Cardiovascular sanatoriums: how is the treatment of the heart and blood vessels carried out, indications, which one to go to? Spa treatment for diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Hydrotherapy and balneotherapy in the cardiological sanatorium.

Mytishchi district

Tuapse district

Evpatoria, resort

Russia is a country in two parts of the world, a state whose territory covers the sandy Baltic Spit and the rocky islands of Chukotka, stretching from the northern arctic latitudes to the subtropics. Russia has an unimaginable wealth - cultural and historical heritage, protected forests and untouched spaces. The elegant streets of St. Petersburg and the architectural monuments of Kaliningrad compete with the architecture of ancient cities - multi-domed churches and merchant houses, and the beaches of the Black Sea coast compete with the northern forests of Karelia and the ridges of the Ural Mountains.

Geography

Russia is the largest country on the planet by area, occupying 17.1 million square kilometers. The state is located in Eurasia and covers both parts of the continent. About a third of Russia's territory is located in Eastern Europe, and the rest of it belongs to northern Asia. The Russian coast is washed by the waters of 12 seas belonging to the basins of the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, by the waters of the endless Caspian Sea.

Russia lies on large platforms, so its relief is predominantly flat. In the west of the country stretches the wavy Central Russian plain, separated by the ridge of the Ural Mountains from the Siberian plateau. In the south of Russia there are the Caucasus mountain systems with the highest point of the country - Mount Elbrus, Sayan and Altai. In the Far East, the peaks of extinct and active volcanoes rush upward.

There are about 2.5 million rivers and 3 million lakes in Russia. Most of the rivers have a flat character, but in Russia there are also rough mountain rivers with rocky rapids. The largest rivers in the country are the Ob, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei and Volga. Lake District of Russia - Karelia, here are the largest lakes in Europe - Ladoga and Onega, in Eastern Siberia is the deepest lake on the planet - Baikal.

The flora of Russia is velvet mosses and lichens in the taiga tundra, coniferous forests encircling glacial lakes in Karelia, oak forests and birch groves, feather grass and fescue steppes, broad-leaved Far Eastern forests, subtropical flora on the Black Sea coast. In Russia, nature protection zones have been created, 42 national parks and 71 nature reserves operate.

Climate

The territory of Russia covers several climatic zones: arctic and subarctic on the shores of the Arctic Ocean and in the northern regions, temperate, subtropical on the Black Sea coast. However, most of the country is characterized by a temperate climate: continental, temperate continental, sharply continental and monsoon in the Far East.

In general, Russia has a long, snowy and cold winter. Depending on the region, the average January temperatures range from 6 to -50 ° C. Summers in most of Russia are moderately warm with average temperatures ranging from 1 ° C in the northern regions to 25 ° C on the Black Sea coast.

Time

The territory of Russia covers 11 time zones:

Kaliningrad Time - MSK − 1 (UTC + 2)
Moscow time - MSK (UTC + 3)
Samara Time - MSK + 1 (UTC + 4)
Yekaterinburg Time - MSK + 2 (UTC + 5)
Omsk time - MSK + 3 (UTC + 6)
Krasnoyarsk time - MSK + 4 (UTC + 7)
Irkutsk Time - MSK + 5 (UTC + 8)
Yakutsk Time - MSK + 6 (UTC + 9)
Vladivostok Time - MSK + 7 (UTC + 10)
Srednekolymskoe time - MSK + 8 (UTC + 11)
Kamchatka time - MSK + 9 (UTC + 12)

Tongue

Official language of Russia: Russian. The subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to establish state and official languages \u200b\u200bused on an equal basis with Russian. The most common foreign languages \u200b\u200bin Russia are Ukrainian, Belarusian and German. English is widely spoken in the field of business and tourism, as a means of interethnic communication, mainly in large cities.

Population

The population of Russia is 142 million. About 80% of the population is Russian. In total, representatives of more than 200 nationalities and ethnic groups live in the country.

Currency

Official currency: ruble (RUB).

Customs regulations

Undeclared import and export of currency is limited to an amount equivalent to 10000USD. Duty-free import of goods for personal consumption is limited - alcohol and cigarettes: liters of alcohol, up to 50 cigars or cigarillos, or 200 cigarettes, or 250 grams of tobacco, as well as goods and personal items: clothes, toiletries, jewelry, photographic and film equipment ...

Jewelry, art and cultural values, works of art, psychotropic and potent medicinal substances, ammunition and weapons are subject to mandatory declaration.

Communication

In Russia, cellular services are provided by more than a hundred operators, the largest of which is the so-called "Big Three" - mobile operators MTS, Megafon and Beeline. The rest of the companies have a significantly smaller number of clients and provide services in certain regions. SIM cards of the "Big Three" operators can be purchased everywhere - in shops, cell phone stores, post offices.

The telephone code of Russia is +7.

To call Russia by mobile phone, dial + 7-subscriber's number ***

Mains voltage

The mains voltage is 220 volts.

Tourism

In Russia there are opportunities for any kind of tourism. The rich historical heritage has served to create excursion routes and educational tours, the long Black Sea coast is a traditional region of beach and active recreation, the ski resorts of Russia are rapidly developing. One of the main types of tourism in the country is health tourism. Over the centuries, a system of resort treatment has developed in Russia - sanatoriums and spa hotels operate at the springs of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with a favorable climate.

Tradition / features... In Russia, many customs and traditions have been preserved, rooted in the depths of centuries. Every spring, in large cities and very small settlements, winter is seen off on a grand scale - pancakes are baked and a straw effigy of Shrovetide is burned, in summer, Ivan Kupala's Day is celebrated in the villages, and the main winter holiday is New Year.

One of the main features of the Russian people was and remains hospitality, which is most evident in the feast. A traditional Russian meal includes the first, second and third courses - soups and stews, baked poultry or meat, all kinds of pastries - pies and pies. Dishes of national cuisine are presented in all their richness in restaurants. Daily cabbage soup, stew, sbitni and liqueurs are served in the best establishments.

Safety

The safety of tourists in Russia is ensured by law enforcement. Since June 2014, tourist police units have begun to work in a number of regions, patrolling busy pedestrian streets, squares and parks.

In general, Russia is a safe country for tourists. However, to prevent unpleasant incidents, you should adhere to standard safety rules - do not leave personal belongings unattended, do not carry a wallet in the back pocket of your trousers or in an easily accessible place, beware of deserted and unlit places in the dark, do not use the services of unofficial taxi drivers, do not change the currency at individuals.

Documents

The list of documents required during the vacation includes:

• russian passport
• travel package or voucher
• health insurance policy
• if you plan to rent a car, you must have a driver's license

If a tourist is going to have a rest in a sanatorium-resort institution with receiving medical procedures, then a sanatorium-resort book is necessary, which can be obtained from a therapist.

Children accompanied by adults must have a birth certificate or passport, medical certificate.

Important phones

Emergency telephone numbers in Russia:

• Fire Department - 01
• Police - 02
• Ambulance - 03
• Unified round-the-clock assistance service when calling from a mobile phone - 112

Tourism

The choice of tourist destinations in Russia is as wide as nowhere else. The peculiarities of the geographical location and historical development have made it possible to form resort regions in the country, which are characterized by this or that type of recreation.

Beach vacation... There are many resorts in Russia offering a comfortable stay on the seaside. The traditional region of beach tourism in our country is the Krasnodar Territory. It is here that the summer capital of Russia - Sochi, the famous resorts of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Adler, the Yeisk resort located on the coast of the Azov Sea is located.

The resorts of Crimea offer beach rest. Sanatoriums, resort hotels, private and city beaches stretch along the entire coast of the peninsula. The main directions are Alushta, Evpatoria, Kerch, Koktebel, Saki, Sevastopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta, the villages of Kurortnoye, Nikolaevka, Sandy and Shelkino.

Sanatorium treatmentcarried out in almost all regions of Russia. At the springs of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with favorable climatic conditions there are sanatoriums, resort and medical centers. The most famous balneological resorts of the country are Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Rich traditions of using natural factors were formed in Crimea, especially in Saki and Yevpatoria, where the first mud-healing resorts were opened. Sanatorium treatment is carried out on the coast of the Krasnodar Territory, in the Moscow, Ryazan, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Tver and Tula regions, in the Urals. In the northern and north-western regions of the country, there are medical resorts Marcial Waters, Sestroretsk, Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk, the largest resort in Siberia is Belokurikha.

Excursion tours around Moscow, the Golden Ring of Russia, Pskov, Uglich, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda and Nizhny Novgorod allow travelers to get acquainted with the historical heritage of ancient Russian cities - ancient temples with gilded domes, ancient fortresses and castles, city mansions and merchant houses. Dozens of excursion routes run through the territory of Kazan, St. Petersburg and its environs - Peterhof, Lomonosov and Kronstadt. Cognitive tourism in Crimea involves visiting the royal palaces, nature reserves and cave cities.

Ski tourism in Russia is experiencing a rapid rise. There are large mountain systems and modern ski resorts in the country. In the Krasnodar Territory, on the slopes of the Main Caucasian Range, the resort Krasnaya Polyana is located. The level of service and modern infrastructure of Krasnaya Polyana during the days of the Winter Olympic Games was appreciated by tourists and athletes from all over the world. The resort has the most modern equipment, trails of various levels with a total length of 72 km, ski villages with comfortable hotels.

Among the high-altitude resorts of Russia, ski holidays are offered by the complexes of Dombai and Elbrus, Abzakovo-Bannoe in the Urals. Each of the resorts has the necessary infrastructure, comfortable accommodation conditions.

Weekend tours... The most popular destinations for a weekend getaway are the cities of the Moscow region, the environs of large cities in different regions of the country. Short-stay programs are offered by tourist centers, resorts, spa hotels and hotels.

Children's rest.Traditionally, summer health camps for children are located on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse and Sochi, in the Crimea - in the resorts of Evpatoria and Yalta, in the village of Peschanoe. Children's sanatoriums and camps are located in different regions of the country - Moscow, Kaluga, Leningrad and Rostov regions.

Leisure... There are many places in Russia where you can indulge in sports and active pastime, extreme tourism. Baikal attracts not only by its natural beauty, but also by the possibility of hiking, scuba diving, hunting and fishing, quad biking, cycling and horseback riding.

In the warm season, trekking, horseback riding, rafting on mountain rivers for tourists are organized in the resorts of Altai, Dombai and Krasnaya Polyana. In Crimea, there are opportunities for mountaineering and hang-gliding, mountain climbing, trekking, horseback riding, diving, sea fishing. Active leisure activities in the north are sleigh rides, dog sledding or reindeer sledding. Conditions for active pursuits - hunting, fishing, hiking, cycling and horseback riding - are available in Central Russia.

Visa

To visit the Russian Federation, citizens of most countries require a national visa. Visa-free entry for a period not exceeding 90 days is allowed for citizens of the CIS countries (except Turkmenistan), Abkhazia and South Ossetia, a number of South American countries, and a number of Balkan countries.

The basis for obtaining a Russian visa for foreign tourists is an invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation or from a travel company, which is included in the Federal Register of Tour Operators, which gives it the right to provide visa support to foreigners.

The most famous landmarks

• The Moscow Kremlin is the oldest territory of the capital, with an area of \u200b\u200b27.5 hectares. In 1367. The Kremlin was surrounded by a brick wall. On the territory are located - Arkhangelsk, Blagoveshensky, Assumption Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Senate, the Terem Palace, the Tsar Bell, the Tsar Cannon.
• The Tretyakov Gallery was founded in 1856. This is the largest museum in the world, which contains unique canvases by masters of the 10-20 centuries.

• The Hermitage is the largest museum in the world, founded by Catherine the Great in the 18th century. The exhibition includes a museum of paintings by world-famous artists. In total, more than 3 million values \u200b\u200bare exhibited on the territory of the museum.
• St. Isaac's Cathedral was built in the 19th century by O. Montferrand - an outstanding monument of St. Petersburg. Its exterior architecture and interior decoration are also impressive, in which all types of art are presented - mosaic, painting, sculpture. The main iconostasis is decorated with lapis lazuli and malachite columns.
• Tsarskoe Selo - a nature reserve in Pushkino, includes a large park and architectural ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, the country residence of the emperors. The museum is located on 107 hectares and consists of the Catherine Park, the Old Garden, the English Park, the Catherine Palace, the Memorial Museum, the Hermitage Pavilion, etc.
• Peter and Paul Fortress - located on Hare Island, the oldest monument in St. Petersburg. Within the limits of the museum there is the Commandant's house, the city museum, the Grand Duke's tomb, Botny, Engineering house, prison buildings, bastions, Peter and Paul Cathedral.
• The Russian Museum was opened in 1895 by Nicholas II. Within the walls of the building there is a rich exposition of art treasures, a restoration center.
• The Yusupov Palace is the most beautiful architectural monument of the 18-19th century. The guests of the palace were Queen Elizabeth II of England, King of Greece, Queen of Norway and other dignitaries. The building was built by I. Monighetti, J.B. Valaine-Delamonte, the Shuvalovs, Branitskys, Yusupovs lived in it.
• The palace and park ensemble of Peterhof is a beautiful monument located not far from St. Petersburg, founded in the 18th century. The territory houses the Lower and Upper parks, the Grand Palace, the largest system of fountains, water cascades, graceful sculptural compositions, and bas-reliefs.

• Pshadsky waterfall is a unique natural structure. Located on the river. Pshada and consists of a whole cascade of small waterfalls.
• The ruins of the old city of Gorgipia show the ancient ruins of the 4th century BC. The most ancient foundations and cobbled streets have been preserved here. There is a large archaeological museum on the territory, where you can see the crypt of Hercules, the monuments of Mother Mary, the "Russian Gate" - the remains of a Turkish fortress.
• The local history museum of the city is located in the Schetnev gymnasium. Visitors are offered an interesting exposition about the fauna and flora of Anapa, the history of the Bosporus kingdom.

• The Arboretum is the largest botanical park, a kind of open-air museum. The park presents unique samples of the flora of the Western Caucasus, as well as many southern states located closer to the equator.
• Vorontsov Caves is the largest underground agglomeration with a vertical drop of 240 m. Some cavities are filled with water, and narrow passages sometimes make it difficult to move. In some sections of the caves there are ancient sites of primitive people.
• The Sochi Art Museum is a large art center. The building exhibits canvases by Polenov, Aivazovsky, Shishkin; exhibitions of contemporary masters are regularly held.

• Swallow's Nest is a famous monument of history, architecture, located on the Aurora rock, towering 40 meters above the sea. The building is made in the style of a medieval knight's palace. The palace acquired its present appearance thanks to Baron Steingel.
• The Vorontsov Palace is located in Alupka, built from diabase; there is a beautiful park in the adjacent territory. The style of the palace combines English, neo-Moutrian styles.
• Livadia Palace is an imperial residence. The castle was built in the Italian light style in the 19th century. It is considered the most luxurious palace in Crimea, and is the venue for the Yalta conference.
• Mount Ai-Petri is located on a plateau, has a flat top. The height is 1234 m. The mountain is considered a symbol of the southern coast of Crimea.
• Nikitsky Botanical Garden is a research institution working in the field of botany and fruit growing. There are several parks here - Montedor, Primorsky, Upper, which have the richest collection of plants brought from all over the world. This is the oldest botanical park in the world, which has interesting architectural structures.
• The Masandra Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that served as the residence of Alexander the Third. The building was rebuilt in the 19th century in the style of French medieval castles. There is a magnificent park in the adjacent territory, which presents more than 250 species of shrubs and trees.
• House A.P. Chekhov is a memorial museum opened in honor of the writer in Yalta. All the furnishings of those times have been preserved in the house; Chekhov's readings are often held here with the participation of foreign guests, and excursions are held.

Gurzuf

• House of Richelieu - erected in 1811 by the Duke of Resilier in the form of a two-storey stone building in European style. The duke rarely visited here on vacation, and more often provided the estate to his acquaintances. Pushkin, Raevsky and other well-known personalities were here.
• Korovin's dacha is the home of an outstanding painter who worked for a long time in Gurzuf. A beautiful building with clear geometric proportions in the constructivist style.
• The watchtower is located on the Suuk-Su cape, existed in the 6th century, when the Byzantine legionaries came to the land. The monument is often called the Tower of Geria or the Eagle's Nest.

• Admiralty Cathedral in honor of St. Vladimir is located on the Central Hill, it is considered the greatest Orthodox monument of the 19th century. The building has one massive dome, highlighting the 9-11th century Byzantine architecture. Instead of icons, marble slabs are located in the inner halls.
• Malakhov Kurgan is a grandiose monument where the 19th century Defensive Tower, the Museum of the Heroic Defense and Liberation of the City, cast iron memorial plates, cannons, and a beautiful park are located.
• Chersonesos is the oldest monument in Sevastopol, the ruins of an ancient Greek town of the ancient era, in which Vladimir Kievsky adopted Christianity.
• The Military History Museum in honor of the Black Sea Fleet is considered the oldest of similar museums in the world. Opened in 1869, it is located in a beautiful building, it presents a valuable exposition dedicated to the customs and life of the Russian fleet from the tsarist era to the present day.
• The Genoese fortress with the interesting name Chembalo is located at a height above the Balaklava bay. Founded in 1357, it has defensive walls.

• Mangup is a cave town of medieval Crimea. There are numerous caves carved into the rock along the entire perimeter of the plateau.
• The temple to the three horsemen is carved into a huge block. In the inner hall there is a fresco painting that has been preserved since antiquity.
• The Bakhchisarai Palace is a beautiful architectural structure, formerly the residence of the Crimean khans. The building is considered the only surviving monument of the Crimean Tatar architecture. The Palace houses a museum of culture and history, an exhibition of weapons.

• The Arboretum is a unique natural reserve located on stony-clay soil. Here is a rich collection of plants, shrubs, many of which are rare on the planet.
• Saki Resort Park was founded in 1890 by P.S. Melnichenko. On the territory there are beautiful fountains, three lakes, diverse vegetation.
• The Belyaus settlement was discovered in the 20th century, existed in the 4th-2nd centuries BC. The monument is located on the Tarkhankun Peninsula.
• The excavations of Kerkinis, opened in 1964, prove the existence of Greek colonists on the site of the modern city. 30 burials were found on the territory.
• Kizyars are the most ancient underground passages located under the old city. The tunnels carved into the yellow shell rock are considered an important value in Yevpatoria.

• The Genoese Fortress is the oldest monument in the city with beautiful austere medieval architecture. Today you can see the Watchtower, the mosque, the residence of the Genoese consul, the gate of the fortress.
• Church of the Intercession The Mother of God is the first architectural monument of the Russian era, which began after the annexation of Crimea. The building was built in the style of Russian classicism, the laying took place in 1819 on September 20, as stated on the memorial plaque.

New World

• The Golitsyn trail begins at the green bay on the northern side of Khoba-Kai, leads to a natural grotto formed by sea waves in massive rocks.
• Chaliapin's Grotto is a small concert hall with excellent acoustics. The grotto reaches a height of 30 meters, in its depth there is a stage for musicians, and behind it there is a small compartment for Golitsin wines with preserved stone arches.

Suzdal

• The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city. On the territory there are the Christmas Cathedral, the Bell Tower, Nikolskaya, Assumption Churches, Bishops' Chambers. In the 11th century, the Kremlin was surrounded by an earthen rampart, finished with clay.
• The Museum of Architecture is located on the site of the 11th century Dmitrievsky Monastery. In the collection of the museum there are outbuildings, household items of Russian peasants.

• The horse yard is located in an 18th century building in the city center. The exposition consists of handicrafts - embroidery, carving, wood painting, clothing.
• The Chernigov Skete is a cave monastery that emerged in 1844. Today it is a functioning complex, where you can go on excursions to the caves.
• Sergiev Posad Lavra is the largest monastery founded by S. Radonezhsky in 1337. A place revered by the Orthodox, a spiritual center with a rich library of ancient books.

• Detinets or the Kremlin was founded by Yaroslavl. The first mentions in 1044 in the annalistic books. The highest tower of Detintsa Kokuy, built in the 18th century.
• Hagia Sophia is a grandiose construction of the century. The cathedral was built by Yaroslav the Wise as a temple for the entire city. The great bishops, princes, mayors of the city found peace in its galleries.

• The Assumption Cathedral is the most important church in the city, included in all excursions around Vladimir. The cathedral was founded in the 12th century by Bogolyubsky Andrey, to later become the main temple of the state.
• The Golden Gate was built in the 12th century. The building is richly decorated and was previously used for ceremonial entrances to the city.
• Vladimirsky Central is a famous prison, built by order of Catherine II. At one time it contained Frunze, Powers, Zoya Fedorova. Since 1996, it has been a museum open to visitors.

• Museum of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery Complex. The architectural ensemble was built in the 12th century and is considered the largest of similar buildings. In the 16th century, the state treasury was located here, in 1612 the Headquarters of Pozharsky and Minin were located in the monastery.
• The Church of Prok Ilya was founded in the 17th century on the site of wooden temples at the expense of the Skripins merchants. The building is decorated with five green onion domes, covered galleries, a bell tower, the Rizpolozhensky limit.

Uglich

• Kremlin - founded in the 15th century by Andrey Bolshoy. The structure was surrounded by a high wall with two driveways and nine blank defensive towers. Today, you can see the chambers that belonged to Tsarevich Dmitry.
• The Church of Demetrius on the Blood was erected in 1692 on the site where the Tsarevich died. The building is painted with red paint, the domes are blue with white ornaments, the interior has rich paintings from the 18th century.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

• Goritsky Monastery is a large architectural and historical museum. The exposition includes furniture, church utensils, a collection of ancient icons, paintings by Shishkin, Benois, a valuable library of old books and a collection of wooden sculptures.
• Museum "Boat of Peter the Great" is the oldest building. The museum is notable for the fact that Peter the Great built a funny flotilla here on the Pleshcheyevo Lake. Today you can see the monument to the king, the Botny house, the gatehouse, the Triumphal Gate, the White Palace.

Rostov

• The Borisoglebsk monastery complex was built on a hill surrounded by the river Ustye in 1363 during the reign of Dmitry Donskoy with the blessing of S. Radonezhsky. It was he who indicated the place where the temple should stand.
• The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city with the Assumption Cathedral, five churches, and powerful walls. Previously, the Kremlin was the bishop's residence.

Kostroma

• The Ipatiev Monastery is the greatest monument of Orthodox culture, erected in the 13th century. At the construction site, Mikhail Romanov was elected to reign, so he is often called the cradle of the Romanov family.
• The fire tower is the most beautiful monument of Russian classicism located on Susaninskaya Square. The building looks like a temple of ancient times, complemented by a portico of columns and a pediment.

• The Vvedensky monastery complex was founded in the 19th century at the expense of Derbenev according to the original project of Begen P. Patriarch Tikhon served in the church. In its halls are the relics of Blessed Alexy Elnatsky, St. Vasily of Kineshemsky and 168 other saints.
• Museum of the Bubnovs. The house was erected in 1860 for a merchant family, located on the site of a city estate. The building has survived to this day, and is open for excursions.

• Lermontov places are Pyatigorsky Boulevard, Lermontov Baths, Lermontov's House, Elizavetinsky Spring in Pyatigorsk, Ring Mountain and other places associated with the poet's life in the Caucasus.
• The Castle of Deceit and Love is located in Kislovodsk - a natural monument of rocks, in the outlines of which sorrowful faces are guessed. The castle is located at the gorge of the river. Alikonovka.

• The Wrangel Tower is a grandiose historical structure, the thickness of the walls, the floors of which is three meters. In the 20th century, the building ceased to be used as a fortification; today there are warehouses and wholesale shops.
• The Brandenburg Gate is a beautiful historical monument and the only city gate that is still used for its intended purpose. The building was erected in 1657.
• The Cathedral is the most beautiful architectural monument, the symbol of the city. Built in the style of the Baltic Gothic and is one of the rare examples of the Gothic style in Russia.

• The Buryat village is located in Olkhon. This is a colorful open-air museum, visiting which you can get acquainted with the life and culture of the Buryats.
• The pillars of Khuukhein-Khada are a particularly sacred place located in the Shumak valley. According to legend, you can see your future here.
• Ivolginsky Datsan is an important Buddhist monument. The imperishable body of Khambo Lama Itigelov, who went to nirvana in 1927, rests in a beautiful, colorful temple.

• The Valley of Geysers is the largest natural monument discovered in the 20th century. There are 22 geysers and numerous pulsating springs, mud pots, colorful lakes with boiling water.
• The Klyuchevsky volcano group united 12 volcanoes located on an area of \u200b\u200b7 thousand m2. Here is the largest and highest volcano on the mainland, Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

Transport component

The transport system of Russia includes air, rail, sea and road communications.

Air transport. There are 236 airports in Russia, more than 70 of them have international status. The largest airports in the country are Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo in Moscow, Pulkovo airport in St. Petersburg, Koltsovo in Yekaterinburg and Adler in Sochi. Moscow airports are connected with the capital by high-speed Aeroexpress trains. Russian air carriers operate domestic and international flights.

Russian railways serve over 124,000 km of track. There are passenger stations in large cities, and railway stations in small settlements. Long-distance trains run between cities, and suburban electric trains also operate. A railway branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway, connecting Moscow and Vladivostok, runs through the whole country. You can familiarize yourself with the timetable of long-distance trains and commuter trains; you can buy a ticket on the Russian Railways website http://pass.rzd.ru

The total length of Russian highways is 1,000,000 km.

By sea transport intercity and international passenger transportation is carried out. Sea terminals operate in Sochi, St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Nakhodka.

Navigation is carried out on rivers and canals. The length of the river routes is 200,000 km.

Metro available in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk. In each of the above cities, the metro has its own characteristics - for example, the capital has the most developed metro network, while the Novosibirsk metro has only 12 stations.

Ground transport in Russian cities - these are buses, trolleybuses, tram lines and route taxis. The most convenient and affordable way to get around cities is by buses and minibuses. In every relatively large city, there are bus stations or bus stations connected by direct flights to regional centers.

Taxi and car rental... Official and unofficial taxi drivers work in the cities of Russia, it is not recommended to use the services of the latter due to the high risk of being deceived or paying at an inflated rate. Dispatch counters of official taxi companies are usually located in the arrivals halls of airports, train stations and bus stations.

If you have a driver's license and at least one year of driving experience, you can rent a car. This service is offered by both large international companies "Sixt", "AVIS" and "Europcar", and small private companies. In most companies, the rental service with a return in another city is limited to a small number of settlements, or is not provided at all.

* payment in rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank (+ 2%) on the day of booking

Information about the conclusion and termination of the insurance contract, the amount of insurance obligations, the actions of the parties upon the occurrence of an insured event, the procedure for paying insurance compensation and other necessary information for the insured tourist are indicated in the insurance rules.

Spa treatment: prevention of heart attacks and strokes

Spa treatment in cardiological sanatoriums:

- 7 times reduces the risk of heart attacks in people with coronary heart disease 1

- 5 times reduces the risk of developing myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with hypertension 2

- in hyperlipidemia, a higher clinical effect is achieved in the early asymptomatic stages of the disease 3

“ WHO states that cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. In the Russian Federation, circulatory system disorders, the mortality rate from which is 2 times higher than the average European indicator, occupy the first place in the structure of primary disability, in terms of the number of cases and the duration of temporary disability they are in third place.

The main spa factors and methods of spa therapy for the prevention and rehabilitation of diseases of the circulatory system: climatotherapy, balneotherapy with carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and radon waters, hydrotherapy, as well as hardware methods of physiotherapy against the background of adequate drug therapy.

Climatic resorts: seaside, mountain, forest

The influence of various climatic factors on cardiac patients, such as sunbathing, sea bathing, air baths, differs significantly from the adaptation response of healthy people. The process of acclimatization may be accompanied by a deterioration in well-being: with ischemic heart disease, angina attacks may become more frequent or more severe, and in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, headache and dizziness may increase.

The first days of stay in a mountain resort, with a low oxygen content in the air, the inhabitants of the plains will be required to mobilize adaptive mechanisms in order to provide the body with oxygen normally. As a rule, symptoms of altitude sickness do not occur when climbing to an altitude of 2000 m above sea level, however, in cardiac patients, the adverse effect of the mountain climate can also manifest itself in mid-mountain resorts. In Kislovodsk (an altitude of 800-1200 m above sea level) in the early days, one should not go for a walk along the entire terrenkur route, confining oneself to the central part of the Kurortny Park (altitude up to 1000 m).

In the hot climate of southern resorts the return of heat by the body occurs only through perspiration. At high temperatures and high humidity in the conditions of the resorts of the humid subtropics (Sochi), evaporation from the surface of the body is difficult, which leads to a violation of thermoregulation. In cardiac patients and the elderly, there may be an increase in body temperature, increased respiration and pulse rate, hyperemia of the skin with a relative decrease in the blood supply to internal organs, blood thickening. These phenomena are especially amplified during muscular load. Solar irradiation increases the coagulating properties of blood with possible thrombus formation in blood vessels and the development of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke.

When choosing a resort or a sanatorium for diseases of the circulatory system, patients with meteotropic reactions should refrain from traveling to resorts with contrasting climatic conditions, opting for sanatoriums in the climatic zone of residence or southern resorts in the off-season.

The velvet season in the resorts of the South of Russia is preferable due to favorable weather conditions, the possibility of sea bathing and sunbathing, an abundance of fruits in the diet, which is one of the leading factors in spa treatment for diseases of the circulatory system and metabolic syndrome.

IMPORTANT:limit physical activity inthe first days of stay at the resort, during the acclimatization period

Thalassotherapy has an effect on the cardiovascular system due to a complex of factors: seawater, aerosol of seawater salts, air ions of the sea coasts, solar irradiation. The totality of physiological changes in the circulatory system in the conditions of seaside resorts indicates an improvement in blood supply and metabolic processes in the myocardium, central hemodynamics, vascular resistivity and blood pressure are normalized.

When swimming in the sea, the influence of thermal, mechanical and chemical factors should be taken into account. Sea water has a stimulating effect similar to the action of sodium chloride baths, especially in patients with low blood pressure. When swimming, blood pressure rises, pulse quickens. With a calm swimming for 5-10 minutes after leaving the sea, the indicators of cardiac activity normalize after 5 minutes and often improve in comparison with the initial state. Bathing is always accompanied by an increased emotional state, so the load is easily tolerated and subjectively not assessed as excessive, however, it can lead to serious complications from the cardiovascular system. It is necessary to take into account the effect of solar radiation, especially its ultraviolet part, which is capable of penetrating water to a depth of 1 m.

Sea bathing is prescribed on days free from mineral baths, or not earlier than 2 hours after them.

(walking along the planned route) is one of the methods of physical training and for diseases of the circulatory system. The alternation of tension and relaxation during the ascents and descents while walking along the terrain course creates favorable conditions for the functioning of the circulatory system, respiration and the nervous system. During walks, the climate and the surrounding nature simultaneously act on a person, providing a hardening effect and a positive effect on the psychoemotional sphere, which significantly enhances the health-improving effect of therapeutic walking on terrenkur. In mountain-climatic resorts, for example, Kislovodsk and Zheleznovodsk, the terrenkur routes are prescribed by a balneologist.

Physical activity should be metered by the length of the route, the angle of ascent, the pace of walking, the number and duration of rest stops, limiting the load in the first days of stay at the resort.

Hydrotherapy and balneotherapy in the cardiological sanatorium

Hydrotherapyin the form of therapeutic baths, it has proven itself well in the spa treatment of cardiac patients. Short-term cold and hot showers increase the tone of the vascular system. Contrasting procedures, directing blood flow either to the skin or deep into the body, improve microcirculation, normalize blood pressure, increase the contractile function of the myocardium, and stimulate all types of metabolism.

Baths (mineral and fresh with various additives and gas, full and partial) form the basis of hydrotherapy and balneotherapy in cardiology. All baths, fresh and of different mineral composition, have a thermal and hydrostatic effect. In all cardiac patients (hypertensive disease, coronary artery disease, heart defects without impaired blood circulation and heart rhythm), after baths, there is a decrease in heart rate, an increase in the shock index, a decrease in blood pressure and specific peripheral vascular resistance. Hydrostatic pressure, which when taking therapeutic baths is calculated in the range of 20-30 cm of water column, can hinder the work of the heart due to some compression of the peripheral veins and impact on the abdomen. Although this pressure is insignificant, nevertheless, it must be reckoned with when prescribing baths for patients with cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, for people with heart diseases, baths with immersion under water to the level of the heart are recommended, and in case of circulatory disorders, half baths.

Elderly people and patients with dyscirculatory disorders, in order to avoid vascular collapse, should be drained of water before leaving the bath.

Contraindications to the use of shared bathsare a tendency to dynamic disorders of cerebral and coronary circulation, circulatory failure above stage I B, pronounced phenomena of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis with chronic coronary insufficiency of the second and third groups, hypertension stage III B, recently suffered myocardial infarction (up to a year) or stroke, severe angina

The gas and mineral composition of mineral waters determine the principles of a differentiated choice of a resort for diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Carbonic baths- one of the most effective methods of balneotherapy and, in general, spa treatment for diseases of the circulatory system. The effect of carbon dioxide baths is explained by the contrasting irritation of the skin with bubbles of carbon dioxide (t ° 12 ° C) and warm water, which is called a "gas brush", which is manifested by an intense expansion of skin capillaries, a decrease in internal body temperature and venous blood. The second mechanism of action is chemical, due to carbon dioxide, which enters the body with inhaled air and through the skin. When carbon dioxide baths are taken, the peripheral vessels expand, blood circulation in the heart vessels increases, the coronary constrictor effect is suppressed at the level of the central nervous system, the contractile function of the myocardium improves, the heart's energy supply and endurance to physical activity increase, oxygen consumption by the heart muscles decreases, the heart rate decreases, and decreases arterial pressure.

Indications for the appointment of carbon dioxide baths for cardiac patients.As a result of complex spa treatment with the use of carbon dioxide baths, angina attacks disappear or decrease, a decrease in the sensations of interruptions in the work of the heart at rest and during physical exertion, and in hypertension, blood pressure decreases. Under the influence of carbonic baths, lipid metabolism increases, the level of cholesterol and low density lipoproteins in patients with atherosclerosis decreases, and the breakdown of fats and fat-like substances increases. In hyperlipidemia without clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, balneotherapy with carbon dioxide helps to reduce the high level of total cholesterol and reduce body weight.

Contraindications:ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris III-IV FC, mitral heart defects, hyperthyroidism.

Dry-air carbon dioxide baths have the same useful properties as water baths, however, they are easier to tolerate due to the absence of the loading effect of water on the heart and therefore can be used by more severe patients, including those who have suffered myocardial infarction, in the early phase of rehabilitation in urban balneological hospitals or suburban cardiological sanatoriums ...

Radon waters have a therapeutic effect due to the alpha radiation of radon. In 2.5 hours after the radon procedure, radon is completely removed from the body, and after another two hours, daughter products disappear.

Radon baths have a hypotensive effect, a normalizing effect on the lipolytic enzymatic system, fibrinolytic activity of the blood, and the permeability of blood capillaries. The decrease in peripheral vascular resistance under the influence of radon baths improves the contractile function of the myocardium. As a result of a course of treatment with radon baths, blood pressure decreases, the number of extrasystoles and episodes of "silent" myocardial ischemia decreases.

Indications for the appointment of radon baths to cardiac patients.

Radon baths are used in the treatment of patients suffering from uncomplicated arterial hypertension of the I-II degree, vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type, especially against the background of neurosis, hyperthyroidism with arterial hypertension, exertional angina pectoris I-II functional classes, low-grade arrhythmias, atherosclerosis endocrine artery disease, cerebrovascular disease , post-thrombophlebitic syndrome.

Radon baths are contraindicatedpatients with sick sinus syndrome, with bradycardia less than 60 per minute, slowing of atrioventricular conduction.

Sulfide (hydrogen sulfide) waters according to their influence on the circulatory system, they occupy one of the first places among all resort therapeutic factors. Sulfide water, acting through local mechanisms of regulation of vascular tone and through vasomotor centers, causes expansion of capillaries of the skin and arterioles, increases the number of functioning capillaries, accelerates blood flow in them and the reaction of skin reddening, known in Russia as the "Matsesta reaction". The course of balneotherapy in the form of general and two and four-chamber hydrogen sulfide baths improves the contractile function of the myocardium, improves hemodynamics, helps to reduce hypercholesterolemia and increase blood lipolytic activity, has a hypotensive effect in hypertensive patients, tolerance of physical and orthostatic stress.

Hydrogen sulfide baths are shown patients with hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease with a sufficiently high coronary reserve (very rare and mild angina attacks), with atherosclerotic lesions of peripheral vessels with concomitant diseases of the musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis of the spine, inflammatory and metabolic diseases of the articular system) and peripheral ...

Contraindications to the appointment of hydrogen sulfide baths for cardiac patients:ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris III FC, heart failure stage II, vegetative-vascular dysfunctions, severe atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, toxic-allergic reactions to hydrogen sulfide,

Carbon dioxide-hydrogen sulfide baths (Essentuki, Pyatigorsk) have a beneficial effect on patients with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries of the heart and cerebral vessels, due to the cumulative effect of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

Sodium chloride (salt) bathshave an effect on the body due to mechanical, thermal and chemical action. The mechanical action is manifested by the buoyancy force, the greater, the greater the degree of mineralization of the baths. The heat flux into the body from sodium chloride waters is 1.5 times higher than from fresh water. The absorbed heat expands the surface vessels of the skin and increases its blood flow by 1.2 times. The chemical action of sodium chloride waters is realized thanks to the salt coat, which irritates the skin receptors and enhances the flow of afferent impulses entering the brain. The stimulating effect of sodium chloride baths is especially noticeable in patients with low blood pressure, which increases under the influence of baths. Salt baths have a training effect as a result of a favorable restructuring of central and peripheral hemodynamics. The hypotensive effect when using common sodium chloride baths occurs due to a pronounced effect on peripheral vascular resistance.

Sodium chloride baths improve blood circulation, microcirculation and tissue trophism, eliminate blood hypercoagulation and normalize immunological processes. During the course of treatment, there is a decrease in blood viscosity, aggregation and adhesive capacity of platelets, an increase in subcutaneous and muscle blood flow (trace effect). Sodium chloride water has a training and antiarrhythmic effect on patients with ischemic heart disease (CHD) with extrasystole. At the same time, there is an increase in physical performance and coronary heart reserve; decrease in the number of ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles, manifestations of painful and "mute" myocardial ischemia. An important clinical effect of sodium chloride baths is their ability to normalize vascular tone, in particular to increase the tone of peripheral veins.

Sodium chloride baths are shownpatients with atherosclerosis in its very initial stage with moderate asthenic syndrome, hypertension stage I-II, arterial hypotension, vegetative-vascular disorders, peripheral vascular disease. Resorts with sodium chloride waters can be recommended for cardiac patients with combined diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Contraindications:

water have a more gentle effect on the cardiovascular system in comparison with other balneological procedures. Iodine, as one of the main components of iodine-bromine baths, has a direct effect on microcirculation processes, elastic properties of the vascular wall, rheological properties of blood, lipid metabolism. Bromine ions enhance the processes of inhibition in the cerebral cortex and contribute to the restoration of the disturbed ratio of excitation and inhibition processes, which affects the course of diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, hypertension). Iodine-bromide waters cause expansion and increase in the number of capillaries, decrease blood viscosity and accelerate blood flow. The lipotropic effect of iodine-bromine waters is more pronounced than that of sodium chloride waters, which is manifested by an improvement in the morphofunctional state of the myocardium and a decrease in the morphological signs of atherosclerosis in the vessels. Iodine-bromine baths have a vasodilator, diuretic and hypotensive effect.

The course use of iodine-bromine baths improves coronary circulation, myocardial contractile function, increases the fibrinolytic activity of blood, suppressed in atherosclerosis, lowers its coagulation properties and platelet aggregation ability, which is accompanied by the disappearance of pain in the heart, headaches, insomnia, and an improvement in general well-being.

Indications and contraindications:common for spa treatment in cardiology (see below)

Oxygen baths and pearl baths enrich the skin with oxygen, stimulate tissue respiration, improve blood circulation, and activate metabolic processes. have a calming effect, reduce general increased excitability, vascular reactivity and blood pressure. They are relatively easily tolerated by patients and are prescribed to those for whom other balneological procedures (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and radon baths) are contraindicated due to the state of the cardiovascular system.

Scented with the addition of aromatic oils, it has a positive effect on the function of the cardiovascular system, has a beneficial effect on the course of coronary heart disease, since the components of some essential oils expand coronary vessels, improve the supply of oxygen to the heart muscle, and are able to normalize the level of blood pressure.

Drinking cure with mineral waters used to correct lipid metabolism, which is associated with their ability to improve the functional state of the liver, enhance the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and remove bile into the intestines. With mineral water, biologically active elements (iodine, manganese, zinc, etc.) enter the body, the exchange of which is impaired in atherosclerosis.

Mud therapy used for diseases of peripheral vessels: varicose veins, the consequences of thrombophlebitis. Mud enhances peripheral blood circulation, promotes more intense movement of erythrocytes, oxygen transfer and release, improvement of tissue oxygenation and metabolism. Under the influence of mud procedures, the coronary blood circulation improves, myocardial contractility and peripheral resistance change. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the limitations for the prescription of therapeutic mud in the form of classic applications. Recently, sparing mud therapy methods and biologically active peloid preparations (mud extracts, humisol, etc.) have been increasingly used.

All programs of spa prevention and rehabilitation in cardiology are compiled individually, taking into account concomitant and concomitant diseases. When prescribing remedial gymnastics for cardiac patients, the level of physical activity, exercise tolerance (based on fitness testing data), and the climatic conditions of the resort are taken into account.

Indications for spa treatment in diseases of the circulatory system

• Rheumatic heart defects (I05 — I08)
• Hypertension (I10-I15)
• Ischemic heart disease (I20-I25)
• Diseases of peripheral vessels (I70-I87)
• Hypotension (I95)
• Condition after surgical treatment (I97)
• "Neurosis of the heart" or NCD (F 45.3)
• Congenital heart defects (Q20-Q28)
• Lipoprotein metabolic disorders and other lipidemias (E78)

Cardiovascular diseases are among the first in the world in terms of prevalence. Treatment of cardiological pathologies involves an integrated approach, in which spa therapy and prevention programs occupy one of the main places. The need for such an approach is also due to the fact that today diseases of the heart and coronary vessels are rapidly growing younger - the first problems and disorders appear already in 35-year-olds, and immediately after 40 years, control over the state of the cardiovascular system and constant therapeutic and preventive measures become a necessity.

All the necessary conditions for the successful treatment of patients with heart and vascular problems have been created in the Victoria sanatorium. The key to effective treatment and recovery is the climate of Central Russia with moderately cold winters and relatively cool summers. Climatic conditions are comfortable for most patients, since they do not require time for acclimatization, and air humidity and average temperatures are familiar to residents of almost all regions of the country.

In addition to the beautiful nature and clean air, the Victoria sanatorium has:

• modern diagnostic equipment: for Holter monitoring, ECG, daily blood pressure monitoring, electrocardiogram, ultrasound, laboratory diagnostics;
• a medical base that meets international standards: the sanatorium has equipment for physiotherapy procedures, a swimming pool, healing showers, baths and much more;
• a staff of highly qualified doctors, both general practitioners and highly specialized specialists.

Treatment is carried out by specialist doctors:

• Cardiologist
• Therapist
• Neurologist

Thanks to an integrated approach, the following tasks are solved, in different age groups they have some differences:

The most common diseases that impair quality and shorten life expectancy: arterial hypertension, vascular atherosclerosis, heart attacks and strokes.

With age, the body loses strength, and it becomes more and more difficult for it to cope with the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, along with their complex treatment, we strengthen and rejuvenate the body as a whole, cleansing it of toxins, strengthening it with the help of medical procedures and restoring youth with the help of cosmetic procedures.

To maximize the preservation of the therapeutic effect and long-term remission, the specialists of the Victoria sanatorium recommend alternating treatment courses for a profile disease and an antiaging program.

In cases where it is required, in the main, the prevention of possible cardiovascular disorders, the sanatorium offers to undergo a treatment course according to the basic sanatorium-resort voucher. This is a lighter version of recovery, which, nevertheless, includes a set of effective medical procedures, diagnostic measures and dosed physical activity.

Indications for treatment according to the profile "Cardiovascular diseases"

• arterial hypertension;
• age over 40;
• complaints of recurrent pain in the region of the heart, discomfort in the chest region;
• suffered myocardial infarction and surgery on the heart or coronary vessels;
• decreased endurance during physical exertion, shortness of breath, increased heart rate;
• periodic attacks of arrhythmia;
• swelling on the face and legs at the end of the working day;
• increased fatigue, bouts of weakness;
• causeless anxiety, dizziness, recurrent headache.

The main components of the course:

• The course of physiotherapy procedures: laser therapy and ILBI, magnetotherapy, including magnetoturbotron, electrosleep, and more. These methods allow improving the quality of blood, normalizing the functioning of the nervous system, activating blood microcirculation, slowing down the development of atherosclerosis, and relieving spasmodic phenomena in the vessels.
• Individual or group physical therapy classes, swimming in the pool, working out in the gym under the guidance of experienced instructors increase the body's endurance, activate blood circulation, and provide an increased flow of oxygen to the tissues.
• Classic manual and hardware massage relaxes the muscles, relieve spasms and pain, and speed up metabolism.
• Balneotherapy. Coniferous, turpentine, iodine-bromine baths, circular shower, Vichy shower and other water procedures increase the tone of the body, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, and normalize the work of the heart muscle.
• If necessary, it is possible to conduct intravenous, intramuscular, lymphotropic drug therapy.
• Dosed walking swimming in the pool.
• Walking in the fresh air improves the emotional background, normalizes blood pressure, and improves mood.

Expected therapeutic effect:

• blood circulation is activated, blood pressure is normalized, heart rate is restored, the state of blood vessels improves;
• metabolic processes and tissue nutrition are improved;
• headaches and dizziness attacks disappear;
• the general tone of the body rises, the mood improves;
• a habit of a healthy lifestyle is formed, weight is reduced, and efficiency is increased.

According to medical statistics, after staying in a sanatorium in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases:

Despite the undoubted benefits of spa treatment for people suffering from cardiovascular problems, it has a number of contraindications. It is not recommended to go to the sanatorium when:

• heart failure above stage II A;
• recent myocardial infarction;
• hypertension of the 3rd degree;
• serious heart rhythm disturbances.

The expediency of treatment in a cardiac sanatorium is determined by the attending physician based on the severity of the symptoms of the disease, the patient's history and the results of the clinical examination.