Bleeding presentation. Presentation on the topic "bleeding"
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
Slide description:
Bleeding. Bleeding is the outpouring of blood from blood vessels when the integrity of their walls is violated. The danger with bleeding is that it can lead to significant blood loss. Loss of 40-50% of blood leads to human death. Therefore, it is very important to know how to stop bleeding.
3 slide
Slide description:
Types of bleeding. Venous bleeding Bleeding Capillary bleeding Arterial bleeding
4 slide
Slide description:
Capillary bleeding The bleeding is superficial, the blood looks like a deep red liquid. Blood flows out in a small volume. The so-called “blood dew” symptom, blood appears slowly on the affected surface in the form of small, slowly growing drops. Stopping bleeding is done with tight bandaging. With adequate blood clotting ability, it resolves on its own without medical assistance.
5 slide
Slide description:
First aid for capillary bleeding. To stop capillary bleeding, a method of applying a pressure bandage is used. First, the wound should be cleaned of dirt, washed with clean water, then lubricate the skin around the wound with tincture of iodine, and rinse the wound with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Then close the wound with several layers of sterile gauze or bandage. If these are not available, you can use improvised means, for example, a clean handkerchief, a clean sheet torn into wide strips, etc. Next, place a tightly rolled ball of cotton wool on the napkins, and then bandage tightly. If cotton wool is not available, you can use a rolled-up sterile bandage. If blood comes from the nose, then you need to: 1. Make the patient sit comfortably so that the head is higher than the body; 2.Tilt the patient’s head slightly forward so that blood does not enter the nasopharynx and mouth; 3.If you have a nosebleed, you should not blow your nose, because... this may increase bleeding! 4.Press the wing of the nose to the septum. Before this, you can insert cotton swabs, dry or moistened with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, into the nasal passages; 5.Put cold on the back of the head and bridge of the nose (ice pack) for 20 minutes.
6 slide
Slide description:
Arterial bleeding When an artery is damaged, the blood is bright scarlet in color and flows like a fountain from the wound. Arterial bleeding is life-threatening, especially if a large artery is damaged, since the wounded person can lose a large amount of blood in a short period of time.
7 slide
Slide description:
If a person has arterial bleeding, then it is necessary to clamp the vessel above the wound site in those places where the pulse is palpable. 1 - temporal; 2 - occipital; 3 - mandibular; 4 - right common carotid; 5 - left common carotid; 6 - subclavian; 7 - axillary; 8 - shoulder; 9 - radial; 10 - ulna; 11 - femoral; 12 - posterior tibial; 13 - artery of the dorsum of the foot.
8 slide
Slide description:
Techniques for stopping bleeding in the arteries using maximum flexion of the limb. To temporarily stop bleeding at the scene of the incident, you can successfully resort to maximum flexion of the limb at the joint, followed by fixing it in this position. This method is effective when the wound is located below the joints - elbow, hip, knee or in the articular fossa. A tight cotton-gauze roll should be placed in the joint area. So, for example, if there is bleeding from the forearm and hand, you need to put a cotton-gauze roll into the ulnar fossa, bend the arm as much as possible at the elbow joint and fix the forearm to the shoulder in the position of maximum flexion. If the femoral artery is damaged, the limb is bent as much as possible at the hip and knee joints, the thigh and lower leg are bandaged to the body. When bleeding from the lower leg and foot, a thick pad must be placed in the popliteal fossa, the leg is fixed in the position of maximum flexion in the knee joint.
Slide 9
Slide description:
Applying a tourniquet (twisting) After applying the tourniquet, the wound is treated and a pressure bandage is applied. But after this, the patient must be taken to the doctor. You can keep the tourniquet in the summer for up to 1 hour. In winter – up to 30 minutes. Then the tourniquet is loosened for 2 - 3 minutes. If the tourniquet is overexposed, tissue necrosis may occur. Therefore, you need to remember to put a note under the tourniquet with time.
10 slide
Slide description:
Venous bleeding. Unlike arterial bleeding, venous bleeding is characterized by a weak pulsation in time with the heartbeat and dark red blood, sometimes almost black in appearance. Occurs with shallow cuts, cuts in the joint area. But it can be no less safe than arterial bleeding if there is a rupture of large veins, such as the femoral one.
11 slide
Slide description:
Help with venous bleeding If blood is simply flowing from a vein, then such bleeding can be stopped with the help of a pressure bandage. Applying a pressure bandage. Apply a sterile bandage, gauze or clean cloth directly to the bleeding wound. If you use a non-sterile dressing, it is recommended to drip a little tincture and iodine onto the fabric to create a stain larger than the wound. A thick roll of bandage, cotton wool or a clean handkerchief is placed on top of the fabric. The roller is tightly bandaged and, if necessary, continue to press on it with your hand. If possible, the bleeding limb should be raised higher than the body. When the pressure bandage is positioned correctly, bleeding stops and the bandage does not get wet. If there is an object in the wound, then it cannot be pulled out, since when it is removed, severe bleeding will begin. Only a specialized surgeon can remove a foreign body.
12 slide
Slide description:
1) violation of the integrity of the vessel due to injuries, purulent melting 2) increased arterial and atmospheric pressure. 3) Changes in vitamin balance in the body. 4) the effects of toxins can also lead to vascular permeability. 5) A number of diseases cause bleeding due to changes in the chemical composition of the blood: hemophilia, jaundice, scarlet fever, sepsis, scurvy, etc.
The blood is ejected in a stream, often jerkily (pulsates), its color is bright red. External arterial bleeding is the most significant and quickly leads to acute anemia: increasing pallor, rapid and small pulse, progressive decrease in blood pressure, dizziness, darkening of the eyes, nausea, vomiting, fainting. This bleeding of the brain causes: death, due to oxygen starvation, dysfunction of the brain and cardiovascular system.
The blood is dark in color and flows continuously and evenly; external venous bleeding is characterized by slow flow of blood. when large veins are injured with increased intravenous pressure, often due to obstruction of outflow, blood may flow out in a stream, but it usually does not pulsate. In rare cases, slight pulsation is possible due to the transmission of a pulse wave from an artery passing next to the damaged vein. Injury to large veins is dangerous due to the development of air embolism of the cerebral vessels or heart vessels: at the moment of inhalation, negative pressure arises in these veins.
Capillary bleeding quickly stops on its own and is only significant in cases of reduced blood clotting (hemophilia, liver disease, sepsis). Individual bleeding vessels are not visible; blood oozes out like from a sponge. In color it is on the border between arterial and venous.
It is especially dangerous and can be very difficult to stop. The entire wound surface bleeds due to the abundance of blood vessels in the internal organs. Bleeding with mixed injuries of small arteries, veins, capillaries of internal parenchymal organs (liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys) can be very profuse and prolonged. Help: before the ambulance arrives, you need to carefully lay the victim down, cover him warmly, and give him warm salted water to drink.
Occurs with subcutaneous ruptures of parenchymal organs (spleen, liver, etc.), rupture of a tube during tubal pregnancy, injuries of the abdominal organs, etc. It is manifested by symptoms of peritoneal irritation: pain, tension in the abdominal muscles, nausea, vomiting, etc. Signs of any internal bleeding are: extreme pallor, cold sweat, frequent weak pulse, strong thirst.
For minor bleeding (internal or hidden), they resort to puncture (of the joint, pleural cavity, pericardium). Endoscopic and x-ray examinations provide great assistance in diagnosis. The following are widely used: bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, duodenoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, laparoscopy, cystoscopy. For hidden bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, a benzidine test is used.
Without medical attention, bleeding can end spontaneously or exsanguination and death from brain anemia and impaired cardiovascular activity. 1) vasospasm; 2) increased heart rate and respiration; 3)increasing the volume of circulating blood by attracting it from the depot and tissue fluid. To maintain the required level of blood supply to vital organs, the body develops a complex adaptation mechanism, which includes:
Raise the limb, bend the joint as much as possible and compress the vessels passing through this area (finger pressure, pressure bandage, application of a tourniquet, as well as clamps on a bleeding vessel in the wound). Existing techniques have pros and cons and are used alone or in combination (eg, pressure bandage and limb elevation).
Any injury to a limb without clear signs of damage to a major artery is an indication for applying a pressure bandage. Its disadvantage is that it does not stop bleeding from large arteries and, by squeezing tissue, leads to impaired circulation in the peripheral parts of the extremities. Raising the limb high can stop bleeding if the veins are damaged. This method is often used in combination with a pressure bandage.
Often, when a vessel is pressed with a finger, large nerve trunks located nearby are also compressed, which causes severe pain. sometimes it is possible to temporarily stop the bleeding and transport the victim to the surgical department. It is impossible to stop bleeding for a long time using this method.
Application of a tourniquet. There are various modifications (tourniquet with a pelot, elastic, etc.). The Esmarch tourniquet is a strong rubber tube up to 1.5 m long, at one end of which a metal chain is attached, and at the other - a hook. A rubber bandage is less damaging to tissue than a rubber tube. Circular tugging of the soft tissues of the limb along with the blood vessels is carried out using a tourniquet.
1. Compression of not only arteries, but also nerve trunks, which can lead to paresis. 2. Stopping blood circulation in tissues reduces their resistance to infection and creates favorable conditions for the development of anaerobic gangrene. 3. You cannot leave a tourniquet on a limb for more than 2 hours due to the danger of necrosis. Therefore, the person accompanying the patient should be informed about the time of application of the tourniquet.
To reduce the adverse effects, it is recommended to loosen the tourniquet after one hour for a few minutes (if bleeding does not resume) and then tighten it again. This improves tissue nutrition and increases their resistance, which is especially important when transporting victims in the cold season (especially in winter). It is not recommended to apply a tourniquet to limbs with an acute surgical infection, or with vascular damage (arteriosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, etc.), as this may contribute to the spread of the process or the development of embolism.
Types of bleeding. First aid for bleeding Municipal Educational Institution Dubovy Mys Secondary School Dubovy Mys Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School Dubovy Mys Life Safety Teacher Irina Alekseevna Ushatova Life Safety Teacher Irina Alekseevna Ushatova 2007
Goal: to study the different types of bleeding and the rules of first aid for bleeding. Objectives: Objectives: To become familiar with the characteristic differences between different types of bleeding. To become familiar with the characteristic differences of different types of bleeding. To learn to provide first aid for various types of bleeding. To learn to provide first aid for various types of bleeding.
Bleeding is the effusion (leakage) of blood from blood vessels when the integrity of their walls is damaged. Bleeding can be traumatic, caused by damage to blood vessels, and non-traumatic, associated with the destruction of blood vessels by some painful process. Depending on the type of damaged blood vessels, bleeding can be arterial, venous, capillary and mixed.
Depending on the type of damaged blood vessel, arterial, venous, capillary and parenchymal bleeding are distinguished. Depending on the type of damaged blood vessel, arterial, venous, capillary and parenchymal bleeding are distinguished. Types of bleeding
The most dangerous is arterial bleeding, in which a significant amount of blood can leak from the body in a short period of time. Signs of arterial bleeding are the scarlet color of the blood and its flow out in a pulsating stream. Venous bleeding, unlike arterial bleeding, is characterized by a continuous flow of blood that has a darker color.
At the site of bleeding, bleeding can be external and internal. Capillary bleeding occurs when small vessels of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscles are damaged. This bleeding is usually not severe and tends to stop spontaneously. Parenchymal bleeding occurs when internal organs are damaged: liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs. This bleeding, which occurs with closed injuries to internal organs, is difficult to determine.
ARTERIAL BLEEDING SIGNS: blood flows from the wound in a gushing stream or in spurts; a large bloody stain on clothing or a pool of blood near the victim. 1. Don't take off your clothes (don't waste time). Stop the bleeding immediately with your fist or finger. 2. Elevate the injured limb. If there is no bullet wound, bend it. 3. Apply a hemostatic tourniquet (scarf, belt) or a pressure bandage. 4. After stopping the bleeding, treat the surface of the skin adjacent to the wound with iodine and apply a sterile bandage. 5. In the cold (in the cold), wrap your arm/leg to prevent hypothermia (frostbite). 6. Provide the victim with rest in the “lying” position. 7. Cover the victim to keep him warm. Give a warm, sweet drink (if there is no damage to the abdominal cavity). 8. Urgently take the victim to a doctor.
ARTERY PRESS POINTS 1 - temporal 2 - maxillary 3 - carotid 4 - radial 5 - brachial, 6 - axillary, 7 - femoral, 8 - tibial On the extremities, the point of pressure of the artery to the bone should be above the site of bleeding. On the neck and head – below the wound or in the wound (press with your finger). IT IS FORBIDDEN! PRESS THE ARTERY ON THE HEAD IN THE PLACE WHERE THE BONES ARE DAMAGED
REMEMBER: a one-time loss of 1.5-2 liters of blood, especially with severe combined lesions, can lead to death. REMEMBER: a one-time loss of 1.5-2 liters of blood, especially with severe combined lesions, can lead to death. First aid for bleeding When providing first aid, only temporary or preliminary stopping of external bleeding is possible. Temporary stopping of external bleeding aims to prevent dangerous blood loss, gain time for transporting the patient, clarifying the diagnosis and preparing for radical measures. It can be done in the following ways: Elevating the bleeding area; Applying a pressure bandage; Maximum flexion in the joints of the injured limb; For example, when there is bleeding from the foot and lower leg, the leg is fixed in the position of maximum flexion at the knee joint; Finger pressure of the artery above the site of injury.
During long-term transportation (in a warm place after 40 minutes, and in a cold place after 30 minutes), the tourniquet should be slowly, gradually loosened for several minutes until drops of blood appear on the wound, and then tightened again (slightly higher or lower than the previous place). If the tourniquet is applied too tightly and for a long time, tissue necrosis is possible. METHODS OF APPLYING A Tourniquet A tourniquet is applied to the neck without pulse control and left until the doctor arrives. To seal the wound, use any tampon (scarf) or bandage package. A tourniquet is applied to the thigh through a smooth hard object (bandage, machine gun horn, clip), after which it is ensured that the pulse in the popliteal fossa disappears. No pulse REMEMBER! IF THE TURNINESS IS IMPROPERLY APPLIED – IN CASES OF BLUE DISEASE AND SWELLING OF THE LIMB, BLOATING OF THE VEINS – THE TURNINESS SHOULD BE APPLIED IMMEDIATELY AGAIN
In the head, chest, stomach. It can only be stopped on the operating table. The signs are like fainting. Necessary: put it on ice, take it to a doctor immediately. The blood is darker than with arterial bleeding; flows out of the wound more slowly, not in a pulsating, but in a continuous stream. Required: Elevate the limb and apply a pressure bandage. Lay the victim on his back (head below the body). If there are no abdominal wounds, you can drink plenty of tea or water with salt/sugar. Necessary: arrange an urgent infusion of blood or blood substitute.
First aid for heavy bleeding: Apply a sterile bandage or clean cloth to the wound. Ask the victim to press the tissue firmly against the wound with their hand. If this is not possible, then do it yourself. Don't waste time trying to clean the wound. Apply pressure to the wound Apply pressure to the wound The damaged part should be located above the level of the heart if possible. Elevate the injured limb Elevate the injured limb
Lay the victim on his back Lay the victim on his back Apply a pressure bandage Apply a pressure bandage Completely bandage the damaged area, applying the bandage in a spiral manner. Tie or secure the bandage with a bandage or pin. If blood seeps through the bandage, apply additional tissues and wrap the bandage over the old bandage. Do not remove tissues that are already soaked in blood. When bandaging an arm or leg, leave the fingers exposed unless bandaging is necessary. You can use your fingers to determine whether the bandage is too tight. If your fingers or toes begin to feel cold, numb, or discolored, loosen the bandage slightly. Remember that if used incorrectly, elastic bandages can block blood flow to the extremities.
Take anti-shock measures Take anti-shock measures Elevate the victim's legs. Maintain the victim's normal body temperature. Cover it with a blanket or coat. Calm the victim. Watch for signs of life. Wash your hands immediately after completing manipulations. Even if the bleeding has stopped, the victim should definitely consult a doctor for qualified help.
Marina Nesterova is a student of 9th grade.
1. Types of bleeding.
2. Capillary bleeding.
3. Minor wounds.
4. Blood from a finger.
5. Arterial bleeding.
6. Finger pressure of the arteries.
7. Stop bleeding.
8. Arterial bleeding and first aid.
9. You can’t!!
10. Signs of venous bleeding.
11. Nosebleed.
12. First aid for venous bleeding.
13. Venous and arterial bleeding.
14. Help yourself.
Download:
Preview:
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
First aid. For bleeding. . Prepared by Marina Nesterova, a student of grade 9 “B”.
Types of bleeding
Capillary bleeding. Symptoms of Capillary Bleeding: Individual bleeding vessels are not visible, blood oozes out like from a sponge. The color of the blood is average between arterial and venous. The blood flows out slowly, drop by drop, and if its coagulation is normal, the bleeding stops on its own. Causes of Capillary Bleeding: Capillary bleeding occurs due to damage to the smallest blood vessels (capillaries) during extensive abrasions and superficial wounds.
Blood from a finger
Treatment of Capillary Bleeding: With capillary bleeding, the blood loss is relatively small. This bleeding can be quickly stopped by placing clean gauze over the bleeding area. A layer of cotton wool is placed on top of the gauze and the wound is bandaged. If you have no gauze or bandage at your disposal, you can bandage the bleeding area with a clean handkerchief. It is impossible to apply shaggy fabric directly to the wound, since its villi contain a large number of bacteria that cause infection of the wound. For the same reason, cotton wool should not be applied directly to an open wound.
Signs of arterial bleeding are quite recognizable - blood escapes from the wound in a powerful bright red stream that pulsates in time with the pulse. The main and most effective method of stopping such bleeding is considered to be digital pressure on the injured artery above the wound itself, followed by further pressure with a tight bandage or tourniquet.
Stopping bleeding when applying a tourniquet and squeezing the arteries
Signs of venous bleeding: If the blood is dark red in color and comes from the wound in a slow or weakly pulsating stream in time with breathing. Venous bleeding is possible when blood vessels in the nasal mucosa or varicose veins of the lower extremities rupture. Nosebleeds caused by taking aspirin and increased blood pressure may not stop for a long time and require hospitalization of the patient.
The beginning of a nosebleed. We apply a cloth to our nose. We apply ice to the bridge of the nose. NOSE BLEED.
Help with venous bleeding: Apply a pressure bandage and apply cold. A pressure bandage is applied below the wound as venous blood rises from the peripheral vessels to the heart. This pressure bandage consists of several sterile gauze pads or an unwound bandage, on which a tourniquet or elastic bandage is applied. It is good to apply an ice pack or a heating pad filled with cold water on top of the bandage to the source of bleeding. Do not forget that after 30-40 minutes the cold must be removed for 10 minutes to restore general blood flow in this area. If bleeding occurs from a limb, it should be placed in an elevated position.
Help yourself. Be healthy!