Actovegin intravenously and intramuscularly: which is better? Heptral which is better intravenously or intramuscularly Which is better: Cavinton or Mexidol.

14.07.2020

The use of iron in ampoules for injection is justified in cases of iron deficiency anemia. The drugs that are administered parenterally (with the help of injections) begin to act faster and help to cope with anemia in especially severe cases. There are many pros and cons to substance injections. All the features of intramuscular and intravenous administration of iron preparations are described below.

When injections are prescribed

Indications for parenteral droppers or injections, when iron is injected intravenously (intramuscularly), are situations when the patient must urgently receive a dose of a useful substance. The use of ampoules is prescribed when the patient, due to trauma, systemic disorders or temporary illnesses, cannot fully absorb iron through the gastrointestinal tract.

Indications for the use of exclusively drug injections:

Ulcerative colitis in the stomach or intestines in acute form. The use of iron for an ulcer does not in itself harm the ulcer patient. However, often during therapy with iron orally (with taking tablets by mouth), drugs are additionally prescribed to increase the acidity of the gastric environment. The higher the acidity, the better the substance is absorbed. A sharp drug-induced increase in the acidic environment in the stomach can lead to an exacerbation of ulcerative formations.
Systemic disorders of iron absorption. A person may be genetically predisposed to malabsorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes dysfunctions occur against the background of hormonal disruption, transferred intestinal virus, etc. In any case, if the patient's body poorly absorbs iron from the intestines, there is no point in taking the drugs orally. It is necessary to inject the substance intravenously or intramuscularly so that the patient receives the full dose of the element. Assimilation problems occur with pancreatitis, enteritis, and similar disorders.
Partial removal of the stomach or small intestine. In case of violation of the natural physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, the assimilation of some elements, including iron, is significantly impaired. In order to increase the effectiveness of therapy, specialists in the case of surgical removal of tissue prescribe injections.
Complete removal of the stomach. The indications are the same as described above.
Intolerance to iron salts. This allergy can be circumvented by immediately injecting a useful element intravenously or intramuscularly.
Colitis of the ulcerative type.

Most often, ampoules are used if the patient suffers from traumatic anemia (has lost a lot of blood, as a result of which the hemoglobin values \u200b\u200bhave sharply decreased). To quickly restore vital stores and reduce the risk of death, doctors use the parenteral method of administering the drug.

Important. The doctor should determine the need for injections.

With small degrees of malabsorption (impaired absorption of iron or other substances), oral tablets may still be prescribed, rather than injections, simply by supplementing the course of tablets with drugs to increase the acidity of the stomach. In the case of ulcerative exacerbation, intolerance to the components and colitis, they must switch to parenteral administration.

If you suffer from one of the listed disorders, you must promptly inform your doctor. Then he will find the right parenteral drug for you. If you keep silent about the presence of gastrointestinal problems or allergic reactions, the consequences can range from a decrease in the effectiveness of therapy to death in case of anaphylactic shock.

Benefits of injections

Iron when injected intramuscularly or intravenously is absorbed better. If, when absorbed through the stomach, part of the element is filtered by the liver, then with direct administration the natural filtration is much lower. This is the main advantage of ampoules with the substance, but there are other advantages:

Safe for allergy sufferers. If it is introduced directly into the blood, iron does not enter into chemical reactions, and iron salts are not formed. But it is iron salts that often cause rashes and other allergic manifestations.
Ability to quickly replenish stocks of trace elements. If a patient replaces tablets with an iron preparation, which is injected intravenously, the rate of obtaining substances is accelerated tenfold. When taken orally, the substance must travel from the mouth to the blood, while passing through the esophagus. To reach the maximum concentration of the drug, you have to wait 2-3 hours. When using injections, the absorption rate is 15-20 minutes.
Use of small dosages. It is enough to make one injection of 1-5 ml (depending on the drug) to give the patient a daily dose of the drug. If tablets are used, then you have to drink several capsules with a dosage of 50 mg.
No side effects in the mouth. When taken orally, gray plaque often forms on the tongue and on the inside of the teeth. With parenteral use, there are no such side effects, which allows you not to worry about your appearance.
Saving. Ampoules with an equal amount of drug usually cost less than boxes of blisters. The fact is that the packages themselves cost less, plus more excipients are used in the manufacture of tablets than when creating solutions for injections.

However, it cannot be said that the use of injections is the most convenient and optimal option for treatment. This method of administration of the drug also has a number of disadvantages. They are presented below.

Disadvantages of parenteral administration

The injections are painful, leave marks on the hands and can cause fear in children. These are not all the negative aspects of intravenous (intramuscular) administration. The disadvantages of this method include:

Inconvenience in using the drug. It cannot be entered at work, at school, at the university. You have to wait for the moment when the patient is at home. It is very difficult to inject correctly in a public setting, and not everyone understands why the patient resorts to using injections.
The need to see a doctor or injections on their own. Both options are bad. If you have injections at a doctor, you will have to spend time making appointments, waiting, and traveling to the nearest medical department. If the patient gives injections on his own, the main drawback is the need to first learn how to do it correctly. If a person is not trained in basic injection skills, he may not enter a vein or muscle at all, but may give injections, which will be accompanied by severe pain and discomfort.
Painful sensations. When taken orally, there are no inconveniences: you can only choke on a pill if you do not drink it with water. But when the injection procedure is carried out, if the skin is broken, even a thin needle may cause discomfort. They intensify at times if the injection was not carried out correctly, and a bruise arose. The hematoma can stay at the injection site for several days, all this time it causes discomfort.
Psychological discomfort. Emotional people, children will negatively perceive the need to constantly inject. For them, one injection is already a test, and if a specialist prescribes a whole course of injections as part of therapy, this can cause a complete rejection of the prescribed treatment.
Additional costs for syringes. Although disposable tools cost very little, the process of buying them, as well as the fact that the extra costs are small, can be annoying for many.

The main disadvantage of injections is the problem with using syringes. Poorly prepared patients with no contraindications for oral administration are always prescribed pills to make the therapy process easier.

How best to inject: intravenously or intramuscularly

Each of the methods of drug administration has its own characteristics. They are taken into account when prescribing a solution.

Intramuscular drugs are most easily absorbed by the body. To saturate the body, 1 ml of solution is enough. But the injections can be too painful. The body absorbs the substance faster than with venous administration.

Intravenous use is less painful, but the effect is achieved 1.5-2 times slower. To carry out one injection, 2.5-3 times more solution is required than when the drug is injected into the muscles. This is a more gentle type of injections.

Duration of therapy and acceptable dosages

Treatment is carried out until the content of the substance in the blood is restored. There are several stages of injection:

Primary. The patient uses the ampoules according to the dosage.
Secondary. The concentration of the substance in the blood has already been reached, it remains only to stabilize the reserves and prevent them from dissolving. Usually, the dosage is reduced by 2-3 times as indicated by the doctor.

Important. One course lasts up to six months in the case of oral administration. Since the injections work better, the period of treatment with their help can be shortened.

Injections during pregnancy

In the case of pregnancy, specialists rarely prescribe injection treatment. There are no contraindications to oral administration of the drug. Injections can be prescribed only in the following cases:

severe blood loss from threatened miscarriage;
severe toxicosis, accompanied by vomiting, due to which the body does not receive the full range of necessary substances.

Even if injections are prescribed, the period of their use does not last long: the patient remains in the hospital and receives injections for several days, after which she can switch to home use of tablets or capsules.

Possible side effects

A small papule or bruise may appear at the injection site. They quickly dissolve, but when touched they cause painful sensations.

Other possible problems after injections:

A rapidly developing allergic reaction. May lead to anaphylactic shock.
DIC syndrome.
Exceeding the permissible concentration of iron in the body. Leads to dizziness, nausea and other disorders of well-being.
The appearance of abscesses in the area where the needle is inserted.

Important. Side effects are less likely to occur with professional injections.

The likelihood of allergic reactions

In the case of intravenous and intramuscular administration, there is a high risk of an allergic reaction. Some patients develop anaphylactic shock for a short time.

You can prevent an allergy attack only by first checking the body for a tendency to it. A specialist should determine the level of sensitivity of the body to iron preparations.

If an allergy is detected, you will have to abandon the specific medicine and find an analogue. Often, an allergic reaction does not develop to iron itself, but to an auxiliary substance that is contained in the solution.

Contraindications to the use of injections

Injections are prohibited for some conditions of the body. You will have to refuse to use this method of administration if:

the body is too sensitive to influences, which is why bruises constantly appear on the surface of the skin after injections;
the body is oversaturated with iron;
non-disposable, non-sterilized syringes are used;
there are suspicions of an allergic reaction from the body.

It is strictly forbidden to exceed the dosage. If, when taking tablets, it is calculated as 2 mg of the drug per kg of weight, then when using a solution, the calculations are different. The patient should not use more than one ampoule per day.

List of drugs for intravenous and intramuscular administration

List of medications containing iron:

"Ferrum Lek" is a preparation for intramuscular injection. Ampoules contain 2 ml of solution. Dextran and iron hydroxide are the main and only components of the substance. If you are allergic to dextran, the drug will have to be abandoned. Prescribed by weight, in one ampoule iron content equivalent to 100 mg of tablets (maximum dose).
Venofer is available in 5 ml ampoules. One ampoule is the equivalent of a 100 mg tablet. In addition to iron, sucrose compound products are included in the composition. Allergic reactions may occur with intolerance to sucrose.
"Ferkoven". The ampoule is minimal, with a volume of only 1 ml. The composition contains cobalt compounds, carbohydrate complexes. Easily administered intravenously.
"Jectofer". It is considered a combination medication, because it contains citric acid. "Zhektofer" is injected into the muscles, the solution is produced in 2 ml containers.
"Ferrlecite". Available with sodium and iron gluconate. It can be in the form of a 1 ml ampoule for injection into the muscles or 5 ml (injected into a vein).

Prescribing should be done by a prescription specialist. The ampoule may not be sold without a prescription.

Many elderly patients from Russia or Belarus love at least 1-2 times a year « dig in»In a hospital or clinic (undergo a course of intravenous or intramuscular drug injections). It is popularly believed that such a course of injections more efficientthan taking medications by mouth, and "does not work" on the liver. Today I will try to tell you why this opinion is not entirely true.

What are the ways of administering drugs?

The methods of drug administration are divided into 2 large groups: enteral route of administration and parenteral way. Separately distinguish local the use of drugs.

Enteral path (from the Greek enteron - intestine) is associated with the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract):

reception inside (swallowing through the mouth - per os);
through rectum (per rectum) - this path is entered rectal suppositories (rectal suppositories), especially for young children;
under the tongue (sublingual, from Lat sub - under, lingva - tongue),
by the cheek (buccal, from Latin bucca - cheek), the plates with the medicine are placed and adhered to the mucous membrane of the mouth, this is how nitrates are used to treat angina pectoris.

When they say “ the drug is taken 3 times a day"Usually mean INSIDE.

Parenteral route of administration of drugs (from the Greek para - near) has nothing to do with the gastrointestinal tract. There are many parenteral routes of administration, I will list only the most famous:

externally (cutaneous - transdermal) - in the form of ointments or patches with medicine,
intramuscularly,
intravenously,
subcutaneously
intraosseous - since the bone marrow is well supplied with blood, this route of administration is used in pediatrics and for emergency care when it is not possible to administer the drug intravenously,
intradermal (intradermal) - for, vaccination against herpes simplex virus,
nasally (intranasally - into the nasal cavity) - IRS-19 vaccine, cromoglycic acid; nasal administration can also be attributed to topical administration,
intra-arterial - usually used in chemotherapy of malignant tumors,
epidurally - into the space above the dura mater,
intrathecal (endolumbar) - into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under the arachnoid membrane of the brain in diseases of the central nervous system.

Intravenous introduction happens:

as bolus (Greek bolos - lump) - jet injection of the drug in a short period of time (3-6 minutes),
as infusion - slow, long-term administration of the drug at a certain speed,
mixed - bolus first, then infusion.

The people call the injection prick, infusion - " dropper».

Terms

Distinguish between local and systemic action of drugs.

When local the use of the drug acts mainly in the place of contact with tissues (for example, nasal instillation, injection of the drug into the abscess cavity, etc.).
Systemic the drug has an effect after it enters the systemic circulation, that is, when it is carried throughout the body (and not isolated in some limited place).
When applied topically, part of the drug is able to be absorbed through the mucous membranes (to undergo resorption, from Lat.resorbeo - absorb), spread with blood and affect the entire body, this action is called resorptive.

What is the best route of drug administration?

naturally,
cheap (no need for syringes, dosage forms are cheaper),
simple and affordable (no relevant qualifications and equipment required),
less risk of inflammatory complications (after intramuscular injection, an abscess or an abscess may occur, and after intramuscular injection of an irritating drug - thrombophlebitis, or inflammation of a vein),
less risk of fatal allergic reactions (when taken orally, they develop more slowly than when administered parenterally),
no sterility is required (it will not be possible to get infected with HIV or parenteral hepatitis B and C),
a large selection of dosage forms (tablets, capsules, dragees, powders, pills, decoctions, potions, infusions, extracts, tinctures, etc.).

Differences between tinctures and infusions:

tinctures contain alcohol,
infusions are alcohol-free.

Who needs parenteral medication?

Treatment of the vast majority of chronic diseases was specially developed with the expectation of long-term regular intake of drugs inside (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, etc.).

There are few exceptions:

insulin with type 1 diabetes mellitus,
albumin and antibodies (immunoglobulins),
enzymes with lysosomal storage diseases, etc.

Insulin, antibodies, many enzymes are useless to ingest, because, being proteins in chemical structure, in the digestive tract they are simply digested under the influence of the patient's digestive enzymes.

Thus, most chronic diseases do not require a planned course of parenteral drug administration. Enough of their regular intake. Often "Preventive" injection courses are useless or even harmful. They take time from the patient (to get to the treatment room of the polyclinic) and resources from the healthcare system. Since people with obesity are more likely to get sick and have to be treated, and their veins are "bad" (hard to reach), after an unnecessary course of intravenous infusions, the veins will be punctured or there will be many subcutaneous hematomas around due to the release of blood from the damaged vessel. If after a while the patient has a complication that requires intensive treatment, then it will be more difficult for medical workers to obtain venous access (skilled workers work in the ambulance, but experience does not come immediately). In some cases (for example) it will cost the life of an unreasonable patient.

This is what the skin looks like after intravenous injection of a highly irritating substance (in this case the drug "crocodile"). It is possible to inject this substance into a specific vein only once, after which the vein is severely (often irreversibly) damaged. There are not enough veins, and addicts have to inject into any visible veins in the arms and legs.
Photo source: http://gb2.med75.ru/pages/page/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB/
This is perhaps the softest photo. People with iron nerves can, if desired, independently find on the Internet other (shocking) photos of people after parenteral administration of this drug - with deep purulent wounds to the bone and hanging pieces of meat.

Parenteral drug administration justified in the following situations:

if needed quick effect with acute diseases or exacerbation of chronic (treatment of myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis, etc.),
if the patient has a violation consciousness (cannot consciously swallow)
if the process is broken swallowing (muscle weakness or damage to the nervous system),
if violated suction the drug in the gastrointestinal tract,
if the medicine, due to the peculiarities of its chemical structure, is fundamentally incapable of assimilate through the digestive tract,
if the exact dosage is important, which will not depend on the characteristics of the patient's gastrointestinal tract.

Answers to other people's arguments

Lovers of parenteral treatment have their own arguments, which I want to answer.

"No load on the stomach"

It is not entirely clear what kind of "load" on the stomach is meant. Most likely implied irritating effect drugs or their ability to cause mucosal damage stomach. For example, aspirin or diclofenac can cause gastritis and even ulcers. However, this side effect is due to the very mechanism of action of drugs in this group, therefore the parenteral route of administration diclofenac will not protect you from ulcers, and taking enteric-coated aspirin will only slightly reduce your risk. Replacement will help much better diclofenac on a more modern drug from the NSAID group (selective COX-2 inhibitor), which has a minimal effect on the stomach ( nimesulide, meloxicam, celecoxib etc.) or at least parallel reception.

In general, highly irritating substances are not administered parenterally (sometimes it is possible only in the form of a long, slow infusion), because they can cause irritation and necrosis (necrosis) of the surrounding tissues, including the walls of the veins with the development of inflammation - thrombophlebitis... In other words, if the drug is normally tolerated in the form of an injection, then in the dosage form for oral administration it will not cause local irritation.

"Do not affect the liver"

Our body is designed so that all blood flowing from the stomach and intestines (with the exception of the lower half of the rectum) first passes through the hepatic barrier. The liver tests this blood for safety and sends it to systemic blood flow (into the inferior vena cava that goes to the heart). Part of the systemic blood flow always passes through the liver, and the drug there is gradually exposed to biotransformation under the action of liver enzymes. Therefore, over time, the effect of the drug decreases, and you have to take the next dose of the drug. Thus, there is little difference between injections and tablets: when absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, any drug must initially pass through the hepatic barrier to enter the systemic circulation. And with injections, the drug immediately enters the bloodstream, bypassing the liver, but then it is still forced to repeatedly pass the hepatic barrier.

All venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract is collected in the portal vein (Latin vena portae - vein porte) and enters the liver.

If you have serious liver problems, it is advisable, together with your doctor, to select drugs that are minimally metabolized there (destroyed). For example, among ACE inhibitors it is lisinopril.

Refusing necessary treatment for fear of " plant liver”, Remember: although an artificial liver has not yet been invented, the average risk of dying from cardiovascular disease is much higher than from liver disease.

"Do not cause dysbiosis"

It's a delusion. Parenteral antibiotics enter the intestinal tissue from the blood... Magazine " Attending doctor"With reference to Vanderhoof J. A., Whitney D. B., Antonson D. L., Hanner T. L., Lupo J. V., Young R. J. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children // J Pediatr 1999; 135: 564-568 writes that with parenteral administration amoxicillin / clavulanate, erythromycin and other antibiotics from the groups macrolides, cephalosporins and penicillins the risk of developing diarrhea due to dysbiosis, equal to the same risk when taking these antibiotics by mouth.

Thus, the parenteral route of administration of antibiotics compared to the oral route (per os - by mouth) does not reduce the frequency of dysbiosis and diarrhea as complications.

More details: " Mechanisms of development and ways of correction of antibiotic-associated diarrhea», http://www.lvrach.ru/2014/06/15435981/

For the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, you can use enterol, probiotics, lactulose in bifidogenic doses. It has been proven that enterol reduces the frequency of diarrhea while taking antibiotics by 2-4 times (1 capsule or 1 powder is prescribed 1–2 times a day during the course of antibiotic treatment). More about enterole read in the topic about.

"The hospital treats mainly with injections"

If the hospital does not prescribe parenteral injections, it turns out that you in vain they keep there... You might as well be treated at home (by taking all the medicines by mouth). However, not all patients in the hospital are diligently treated. There is an anecdote: “ Doctor, my sick leave is quickly ending from your pills! I don't want to accept them". Tablets can not accept or throw away, unlike the injections given by the nurse. For example, my mother claims that when I was alone in the hospital in preschool age, I secretly collected the pills that they gave me for taking in the hospital bedside table until it was discovered. It's good that I didn't think of drinking them all at once.

Actovegin is an effective modern drug used in many branches of medicine. With its help, nutrition and cell regeneration are improved, oxygen starvation, circulatory failure are eliminated. The medication is available in different forms: ointment, cream, tablets, solution for injections and infusions.

Which form to choose or combine several is decided jointly by the doctor and the patient, depending on the expected effect of the treatment. Each form has its own characteristics.

Effects of Actovegin on the body

Actovegin is made from natural ingredients and has practically no contraindications. It is widely used in medicine, cosmetology and sports. Promotes tissue oxygenation and glucose uptake, stimulates metabolic processes.

Used in the treatment of:

circulatory disorders in the vessels of the brain (including after a stroke);
ulcers of various origins;
peripheral nerves;
varicose veins;
thrombophlebitis;
endarteritis;
diseases of the retina.

In addition, the drug is used for skin grafts, radiation damage, for the healing of wounds, burns and bedsores.

Features of intravenous use of the drug

Actovegin is available in 2 ml, 5 ml and 10 ml ampoules. 1 ml contains 40 mg of active ingredient. Intravenously, it is injected into a vein by drip or jet (in cases where an urgent need to relieve pain). With drip administration, the medication is mixed with saline or glucose. It is allowed to inject no more than 10 ml of Actovegin per day, in severe cases - up to 50 ml. The number of injections and the dose are determined by the attending physician based on the patient's illness and the body's response. The course is at least a week and up to 45 days.

In diabetes, treatment is prescribed only by drip of 2 ml. The therapy lasts about 4 months.

The procedure for injecting:

Prepare a syringe, cotton wool, disinfectant, tourniquet, medicine.
Tighten the tourniquet over the elbow - while the patient clenches his fist. Palpate the vein.
Treat the needle insertion site with alcohol and insert it.
Remove the tourniquet and inject or adjust the operation of the dropper.
After the procedure, remove the needle and apply sterile cotton wool.
The patient keeps the elbow flexed for about 4 minutes.

The injection is simple, but a specialist must perform it in order to avoid unpleasant consequences and the introduction of infection into the bloodstream.

For drip administration, it is prohibited to mix Actovegin with other medicines, except for saline and glucose 5%.

Purpose of intramuscular injections

When using Actovegin injections, you need to make sure that the liquid in the ampoule is transparent and does not contain sediment. After opening, the medication from the ampoule can no longer be used; do not buy high-dosage ampoules for injection.

The injection can be done in the buttock, shoulder, thigh and abdomen. Actovegin should be administered slowly, because sensations are painful.

Before carrying out a course of treatment, a test for an allergic reaction is carried out. For this, a test injection is made and the patient's condition is monitored for several hours.

Intramuscular injections of 5 mg are prescribed for 10 days for the treatment of wounds and against exacerbation of chronic diseases. In terms of therapeutic effects, they are considered less effective than intravenous.

How best to take Actovegin: intravenously or intramuscularly

Each type of Actovegin injection (intravenous or intramuscular) has its own indications. Intravenous injections should be performed by a qualified medical professional, and intramuscular injections by any person at home after familiarization with simple rules.

After intramuscular injection, the drug is gradually absorbed through the vascular network into the bloodstream. The action of the injection will be gradual and long lasting. And after the administration of the drug intravenously, the action is immediate and short, the effect is more pronounced.

Actovegin is best taken intravenously, because intramuscular injections are painful enough. But if it is not possible to visit the clinic for treatment or call a nurse at home, you can inject the drug into the buttock.

The introduction of Actovegin intravenously or intramuscularly is a popular way of using the drug. So it has a stronger and faster effect on the patient's body. In addition, parenteral administration protects the gastrointestinal tract from drug exposure. And in some cases, especially if the patient is unconscious, this is the only way to administer the medicine and provide assistance.

A drug that allows you to activate and normalize metabolic processes in the tissues of the body, saturates cells with oxygen, accelerating the regeneration process.

The preparation is based on deproteinized hemoderivat synthesized from the blood of young calves. In addition, it contains nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids, glycoproteins and other components necessary for the body. Hemoderivat does not contain its own proteins, so the drug practically does not cause allergic reactions.

For production, natural biological components are used, and the pharmacological effectiveness of the agent does not decrease after use in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency, with deterioration of metabolic processes associated with old age.

On the pharmaceutical market there are various forms of drug release, incl. and solutions for injections and infusions, packaged in ampoules of 2, 5 and 10 ml. 1 ml of solution contains 40 mg of the active ingredient. Among the excipients are sodium chloride and water.

According to the instructions provided by the manufacturer, the 10 ml ampoules are used for the dropper only. For injections, the maximum permissible dosage of the drug is 5 ml.

In some cases, the use of Actovegin can cause:

redness of the skin;
dizziness;
weakness and difficulty breathing;
rise in blood pressure and heart palpitations;
disorder of the digestive system.

When is Actovegin administered intravenously and intramuscularly?

The medicine belongs to the group of supportive agents. It is characterized by a complex mechanism of action, improves tissue nutrition, increases their resistance in conditions of lack of oxygen. It is used for the treatment of many diseases of internal organs and skin.

Indications for use of the product:

disturbances in the functioning of the circulatory system;
metabolic disorder;
oxygen deficiency of internal organs;
vascular atherosclerosis;
pathology of the vessels of the brain;
dementia;
diabetes;
phlebeurysm;
radiation neuropathy.

In the list of indications for the use of the drug, therapy of various wounds, incl. burns of various origins, ulcers, poorly healing skin lesions. In addition, it is prescribed for the treatment of weeping wounds and pressure sores, in the treatment of skin tumors.

The drug can be used to treat children only on the recommendation of a specialist and under his supervision. Most often, intravenous injections of Actovegin are recommended, since intramuscular injection is quite painful.

For women during pregnancy, the drug is prescribed with caution, after assessing all possible risks to the unborn child. At the beginning of therapy, an intravenous route of administration is prescribed. When the indicators improve, they switch to intramuscular injections or taking pills. It is permissible to take the remedy while breastfeeding.

What is the best way to inject Actovegin: intravenously or intramuscularly?

Depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's condition, intramuscular or intravenous injections of Actovegin are prescribed. Determining the method of administration of the drug, the duration of treatment and dosage should be done by the doctor.

Before using the medicine, it is necessary to conduct a test to identify possible reactions of the body to the components that make up the composition. To do this, inject no more than 2-3 ml of solution into the muscle. If no signs of an allergic reaction appear on the skin within 15-20 minutes after the injection, Actovegin can be used.

For intravenous administration of the drug, 2 methods are used: drip and jet, used in situations where it is necessary to quickly relieve pain. Before use, the medication is mixed with saline or 5% glucose. The maximum allowable daily dose is 20 ml. Such manipulations should be carried out only in a hospital setting.

Since the drug can cause a sharp rise in blood pressure, no more than 5 ml is injected intramuscularly. Manipulation should be performed under sterile conditions. An open ampoule must be used completely at a time. You cannot store it.

Keep the ampoule upright before use. With the help of a light tap, make sure that all its contents are at the bottom. Break off the top in the area of \u200b\u200bthe red dot. Draw the solution into a sterile syringe and release all air from it.

Divide the buttock into 4 parts and insert the needle into the upper part. Before injection, treat the site with an alcohol solution. Administer the medicine slowly. Remove the needle, holding the injection site with a sterile swab.

The therapeutic effect occurs within 30-40 minutes after drug administration. To prevent bruising and seals at the injection sites, it is recommended to make compresses using alcohol or Magnesia.

It is permissible to use Actovegin in treatment regimens for diseases, since no negative interaction with other drugs has been identified. However, mixing it with other agents in 1 vial or syringe is unacceptable. The only exceptions are infusion solutions.

With an exacerbation of chronic pathologies that cause a serious condition in the patient, the simultaneous administration of Actovegin intravenously and intramuscularly can be prescribed.

Some drug manufacturers produce substances in a variety of forms. These are powders, capsules, ointments or gels, suppositories and solutions in ampoules for injections. The latter type differs in that it is used for more serious health problems. Actovegin in ampoules is also prescribed for diseases at the stage when the tablets are less effective. How is the drug taken then? The following instructions will help you understand the rules for using Actovegin.

Instructions for the use of Actovegin ampoules

Actovegin is listed as an antihypoxant medication in the Radar Drug Directory. Its function is to improve the supply of oxygen to tissues by increasing their metabolism. The solution itself is a clear or slightly yellowish liquid. The dosage in ampoules is 2.5 ml or 10 ml if they are intended for injection. To make infusions - droppers - you need 250 ml bottles.

Composition

According to the annotation, the main solution in the solution is the deproteinized hemoderivat of the blood of calves, with 40 mg of dry matter per 1 ml. This term is the international non-proprietary name of the drug - INN. Actovegin also contains auxiliary components:

water for injections;
sodium chloride;
anhydrous glucose.

Why are Actovegin injections prescribed?

The drug is able to help transport and utilize glucose. Indications for the use of Actovegin include a wide range of diseases:

violation of metabolic processes and problems with the vessels of the brain;
radiation damage to the skin and mucous membranes;
ulcers of various origins;
burns;
bedsores;
long healing wounds;
diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy;
hypoxia of tissues and organs.

How to prick

The method of application of Actovegin in ampoules can be intramuscular, intravenous or intraarterial. The first method is limited to 5 ml, because an overdose increases blood pressure. In addition, it is recommended to conduct trial injections of Actovegin in order to exclude the possibility of developing an allergic reaction. The standard dose is 10-20 ml intravenously or intra-arterially. The exact amount depends on the severity of the disease. After the first injection, they switch to 5 ml per day intramuscularly or intravenously several times a week.

Intramuscularly

If the active substance is administered intramuscularly, i.e. in the form of injections, the dosage is 5 ml per day. The maximum number of procedures is limited to 20. Here's what you need to do to administer the drug to yourself or a patient:

wash your hands with soap and water;
warm the ampoule with your hands;
put it vertically, point up;
knock on the ampoule to drain the liquid to the bottom;
break off the tip of the ampoule;
draw a solution from the ampoule with a syringe;
release a drop of liquid, holding the syringe with the needle up;
visually divide the buttock into 4 parts;
wipe the upper outer square with alcohol;
stretch the skin;
insert the needle 3/4 at a right angle into the muscle;
enter Actovegin at a rate of 2 ml / min.;
remove the syringe quickly;
press the injection site with a swab.

Intravenously

The introduction of the drug intravenously is carried out using injections or droppers. For infusion, a dosage of 10-50 ml is diluted in 200-300 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. The latter is often replaced with a 5% glucose solution. The main thing is to keep the injection rate equal to 2 ml / min. The dosage of Actovegin depends on the disease:

ischemic stroke - 20-50 ml for a week, and then 10-20 ml for another 2 weeks;
vascular disorders of the brain - 5-20 ml daily for about 2 weeks;
difficult healing wounds - 10 ml up to 4 times a week.

To make an injection of Actovegin intravenously, you must:

prepare a syringe with medicine;
pull the arm over the biceps with a tourniquet;
work with a cam to swell the veins;
lubricate the injection area with alcohol;
stick a needle into a vein;
remove the banner;
enter the medicine;
get out the syringe and cover the injection site with cotton;
bend your arm for 5 minutes.

Side effects

Among the side effects of Actovegin are the following:

allergies in the form of swelling, rashes, or itching;
temperature increase;
hot flashes;
rapid pulse;
arrhythmia;
chest pain;
dyspnea.

Contraindications

Actovegin also has limitations. The drug is prohibited under the following conditions:

children under 3 years old;
with kidney disease;
with pulmonary edema;
if heart failure is detected;
in case of individual intolerance to injections;
with problems with the withdrawal of fluid from the body;
with anuria.

Drug analogues

The drug "Solcoseryl" is completely identical. According to the description, this substitute is made using the same technology and also contains deproteinized hemoderivative of calf blood. A feature is that solcoseryl does not include a preservative, which increases the shelf life of Actovegin, but at the same time negatively affects the liver. Its price is from 800 rubles. Here are some more analogs of Actovegin in ampoules:

Cerebrolysin. A new generation drug. It is indicated for mental retardation in children, spinal cord and brain injuries, ischemic stroke. Price from 600 rubles.
Cortexin. A nootropic drug that improves brain function, positively affecting attention, learning and memory. Price from 800 r.

Features of the use of solution for injection

The first thing to think about when treating with this medicine is alcohol. Actovegin and alcohol are completely opposite in their effect on the body. The drug improves cell respiration, and the harmful drink worsens. For these reasons, alcohol should not be taken together with Actovegin. When administered intravenously, it is recommended to monitor the water-salt balance to exclude edema. If flakes float in the ampoule, then it should not be used for injections.

In children

Ampoules as a form of release for children are used a little less often than tablets. All due to the frequent manifestation of side effects and painful injections. If the doctor has prescribed a course of treatment with Actovegin, then the children must be given a trial injection in order to exclude allergies. The daily dosage is calculated as 0.4-0.5 ml per 1 kg of body weight intramuscularly.

During pregnancy

Actovegin is also useful for pregnant women - it has a positive effect on blood supply to the placenta, reduces the risk of blood clots, which leads to more stable nutrition of the fetus with the necessary substances and oxygen. The intravenous or intra-arterial dosage is 10 to 20 ml. After such a course, switching to intramuscular injections, reducing the amount of Actovegin to 5 ml. Therapy is at least 10 injection sessions.