Presentation on theme: "Carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning Download presentation carbon monoxide poisoning

13.01.2022

CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

Since the beginning of the year, cases of carbon monoxide poisoning have become more frequent in the Novogrudok district. In the last month, 2 such cases have been registered. The main reason is a violation of the rules for the operation of stove heating.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the critical human conditions, leading to death. As a rule, poisoning occurs as a result of malfunctioning stove heating in rural areas, when a person is in a fire, in a closed car with the engine running. The process of carbon monoxide poisoning has long been called carbon monoxide poisoning, hence the common name of this gas - carbon monoxide.

Carbon monoxide is completely odorless, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur unnoticed, and carbon monoxide is formed wherever there is a combustion process, even in the oven. At a content of 0.08% CO in the inhaled air, a person feels a headache and suffocation. With an increase in CO concentration to 0.32%, paralysis and loss of consciousness occur (death occurs after 30 minutes). At a concentration above 1.2%, consciousness is lost after 2-3 breaths, a person dies in less than 3 minutes.

The mechanism of action of carbon monoxide on a person is that when it enters the blood, it binds hemoglobin cells. Then hemoglobin loses its ability to carry oxygen. And the longer a person breathes carbon monoxide, the less efficient hemoglobin remains in his blood, and the less oxygen the body receives. A person begins to suffocate, a headache appears, consciousness is confused. And if you do not get out in time for fresh air, then a lethal outcome is not ruled out.

If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning in yourself or others, first aid should be quick.

At mild form of poisoning it is necessary to leave the danger zone on your own, covering your mouth and nose with a cloth soaked in water. If you are using a bandage to protect yourself from carbon monoxide, it must be changed frequently, as the products of combustion are deposited in the fibers.

If you have a headache or dizziness, drink hot coffee or tea. A solution of baking soda at the rate of 1 teaspoon per glass of water is also useful.

Whiskey, face and chest must be wiped with vinegar. A weak vinegar solution can be taken orally.

Injured with severe damage- impaired coordination of movements or in an unconscious state, you need to endure. He also needs to protect his mouth and nose with a cloth soaked in water.

The most important thing in this situation is to ensure the flow of fresh air. If necessary, give the victim artificial respiration. If the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning is foreseeable, such as in a fire, it is advisable to prepare autonomous sources of oxygen - oxygen cartridges and pillows.

In case of loss of consciousness, bring cotton wool with ammonia to the victim's nose at a distance of no more than 1 cm. If you bring ammonia too close, it can cause paralysis of the respiratory tract.

A cooling container with ice or cold water should be placed on the head and chest, and the feet, on the contrary, should be warmed.

Remember that carbon monoxide poisoning takes a long time for the body to recover. There are cases when people died a few weeks after the poisoning. At the same time, the adverse effect is completely reversible if first aid is provided to the victim in a timely manner.

Propaganda and training group of the Novogrudok ROChS

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide poisoning- an acute pathological condition that develops as a result of carbon monoxide entering the human body, is dangerous to life and health, and without adequate medical care can lead to death.

Poisoning is possible:

during fires;

· in production, where carbon monoxide is used for the synthesis of a number of organic substances (acetone, methyl alcohol, phenol, etc.);

In garages with poor ventilation, in other unventilated or poorly ventilated rooms, tunnels, as the car exhaust contains up to 1-3% CO according to the standards and over 10% with poor adjustment of the carburetor engine;

When you stay on a busy road or near it for a long time. On major highways, the average concentration of CO exceeds the poisoning threshold;

at home in case of leakage of lighting gas and in case of untimely closed stove dampers in rooms with stove heating (houses, baths);

when using low-quality air in breathing apparatus.

Symptoms:

For mild poisoning:

o headache appears,

o knock in the temples,

o dizziness,

o chest pain,

o dry cough,

o lacrimation,

o nausea,

o visual and auditory hallucinations are possible,

o reddening of the skin, carmine-red coloration of the mucous membranes,

o tachycardia,

o increase in blood pressure.

In case of moderate poisoning:

o drowsiness,

o motor paralysis is possible with preserved consciousness

In case of severe poisoning:

o loss of consciousness, coma

o convulsions,

o involuntary discharge of urine and feces,

o respiratory failure that becomes continuous, sometimes of the Cheyne-Stokes type,

o dilated pupils with a weakened reaction to light,

o sharp cyanosis (blue) of the mucous membranes and skin of the face. Death usually occurs at the scene as a result of respiratory arrest and a drop in cardiac activity.

When leaving a coma, the appearance of a sharp motor excitation is characteristic. Possible re-development of coma.

Severe complications are often noted:

cerebrovascular accident,

subarachnoid hemorrhage,

polyneuritis,

phenomena of cerebral edema,

vision impairment,

hearing loss,

Possible myocardial infarction

Often there are skin-trophic disorders (bubbles, local edema with swelling and subsequent necrosis), myoglobinuric nephrosis,

With prolonged coma, severe pneumonia is constantly noted.

First aid

carbon monoxide poisoning man

1. Remove the victim from a room with a high content of carbon monoxide. If poisoning occurs while using a breathing apparatus, it should be replaced.

2. In case of weak shallow breathing or its stop, start artificial respiration.

3. Contribute to the elimination of the consequences of poisoning: rubbing the body, applying a heating pad to the legs, short-term inhalation of ammonia (a swab with alcohol should be no closer than 1 cm, the swab should be waved in front of the nose, which is very important, since when the swab is touched to the nose, due to the powerful effect of ammonia on the respiratory center, its paralysis may occur). Patients with severe poisoning are subject to hospitalization, as complications from the lungs and nervous system are possible at a later date.

Treatment

It is necessary to immediately eliminate the source of polluted air and provide breathing with pure oxygen at an increased partial pressure of 1.5-2 atm or, preferably, carbogen.

In the first minutes, the victim should be injected intramuscularly with a solution of the antidote "Acyzol". Further treatment in the hospital.

For the relief of seizures and psychomotor agitation, antipsychotics can be used, such as chlorpromazine (1-3 ml of a 2.5% solution intramuscularly, previously diluted in 5 ml of a 0.5% sterile solution of novocaine) or chloral hydrate in an enema. Contraindicated: bemegride, corazole, analeptic mixture, camphor, caffeine.

In case of respiratory failure - 10 ml of a 2.4% solution of aminophylline in a vein again.

· With a sharp cyanosis (blue), in the 1st hour after poisoning, intravenous administration of a 5% solution of ascorbic acid (20-30 ml) with glucose is indicated. Intravenous infusion of 5% glucose solution (500 ml) with 2% novocaine solution (50 ml), 40% glucose solution into a vein drip (200 ml) with 10 units of insulin under the skin.

Prevention

Work to be carried out in well-ventilated areas

Check the opening of dampers when using stoves and fireplaces in homes

· Taking the antidote "Acyzol" 1 capsule 30-40 minutes before contact with carbon monoxide.

Hosted on Allbest.ru

...

slide 2

Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas. Carbon monoxide can be formed wherever conditions are created for the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous substances. It is an integral part of many gases and aerosols: in generator gases - 9-29%, in explosive gases - up to 60%, in vehicle exhaust gases - an average of 6.3%. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

slide 3

Carbon monoxide poisoning is possible in boiler houses, foundries, when testing motors, in garages, vehicles, gas plants, mines, etc.; in everyday life with improper heating of stoves or improper use of gas stoves. MPC - 20 mg/m3. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

slide 4

Receipt and excretion from the body - through the respiratory system in unchanged form. Due to its high affinity for hemoglobin, it causes blockade of hemoglobin (formation of carboxyhemoglobin) and impaired oxygen transport. It inhibits the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin, inhibits tissue respiration (mixed hemic-tissue hypoxia), causes hypocapnia. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

slide 5

Carbon monoxide quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier. The action on the central nervous system is due to both hypoxia and the direct action of carbon monoxide. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 6: Symptoms

Mild degree of carbon monoxide intoxication - headache, mainly in the temples and forehead, "pulsation in the temples", dizziness, tinnitus, vomiting, muscle weakness. Increased respiration and pulse. Fainting, especially when performing physical work. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 7

One of the earliest symptoms is a decrease in the speed of reactions, a violation of color perception. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 8: With moderate intoxication

Loss of consciousness for several hours or significant memory lapses. Loss of criticism. Sharp adynamia. Disturbance of coordination of movements, trembling. Upon the return of consciousness - a pronounced asthenic state studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 9: Symptoms of a severe form of intoxication

Protracted coma (up to 5-7 days or more). Brain damage, muscle rigidity of the limbs, clonic and tonic convulsions, seizures. Involuntary urination and defecation. Cyanosis of extremities, general hyperhidrosis. The complexion is bright scarlet (this color is given by carboxyhemoglobin). studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 10

Breathing is intermittent, maybe of the Cheyne-Stokes type. Pulse 110-120 beats per minute, hypotension, tendency to collapse. Temperature 39-40°C (possible hypothermia), neutrophilic leukocytosis, low ESR. Possible death from respiratory paralysis. After leaving the coma - a long state of stunning. Apathy. There may be a short-term delirious state, a sharp motor excitation, delirium, complete retrograde amnesia. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

slide 11

The prognosis is determined mainly by the depth and duration of the coma. The increase in the phenomena of depression of the central nervous system on the 2nd day makes the prognosis unfavorable. With moderate and severe intoxication, mononeuritis of the ulnar, median or common peroneal nerve is possible, paresis, paralysis are possible. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

slide 12 visual impairment

double vision, color blindness; swelling of the nipple of the optic nerve and retina, atrophy of the optic nerve (rarely). studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 13: Damage to the skin and hair

Trophic skin lesions, hemorrhagic rashes, erythematous-bullous forms (a picture of a "thermal burn"), painful dense edema, more often of the distal extremities, graying, hair loss. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 14: Changes in the circulatory and respiratory system

From the very first hours of carbon monoxide intoxication, there are pronounced changes in the circulatory and respiratory system. First, functional disorders - tachycardia, pulse lability, extrasystole, and coronary insufficiency can also be observed. In moderate and severe poisoning - toxic damage to the myocardium (as a result of both hypoxia and the direct action of carbon monoxide on the heart muscle) with symptoms of cardiovascular insufficiency. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

slide 15

On the ECG - diffuse muscle changes, after a few days, taking on a focal character such as a heart attack. Various conduction disorders, up to partial or complete blockade. Focal changes in the myocardium last up to 1.5 months, often occur in young people (up to 30 years). Coronary insufficiency may not be clinically determined (pain may be completely absent). Recovery is slow. Exacerbations are possible.

Slide 16: Changes in the bronchopulmonary apparatus

Bronchitis, moderate and severe intoxication - toxic pneumonia, pulmonary edema, developing within 1 - less than 2 days. Clinical symptoms are very poor and do not correspond to the severity of x-ray data. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 17: X-ray examination of the lungs, taken 10-15 hours after the onset of carbon monoxide intoxication, changes are found in the form of three forms:

1. Emphysema and increased lung pattern. The shadows of the gates of the lungs are expanded, consist of small-focal and linear formations. After 1-3 days - full recovery. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 18

2. Along with the above, changes of a focal nature with fuzzy contours, occupying the basal region, densely spaced, without a tendency to merge. On the 3-4th day, the normal pulmonary pattern is restored.

Slide 19

3. Diffuse macrofocal changes in the lung tissue, irregular in shape, with blurry contours, 1-2 cm in size, merging in places. Emphysema of the lungs of the bullous type. Despite such extensive anatomical changes, their complete resolution is possible on the 7-10th day from the onset of intoxication. studentdoctorprofessor.com.ua sdp.net.ua

Slide 20

Clinical and radiological data indicate a violation of circulation in the pulmonary circulation from small degrees of stagnation in the pulmonary vessels (in the first of the described forms) to interstitial (in the second form) and alveolar pulmonary edema (in the third form). In a small number of cases, a moderate fever joins on the 2nd week, the general condition worsens again, and when listening, moist and scattered dry rales are determined (the so-called post-burn pneumonia). These broncho-pneumatic changes, with a favorable course, soon disappear, and normal pneumatization of the lungs is restored. sdp.net.ua

slide 21

Particular attention should be paid to hemodynamic disturbances in carbon monoxide intoxication. Almost half of the victims radiologically observed an acute total increase in the heart with a predominance of the right sections. Normalization after 3-5 days. Pulmonary edema and acute expansion of the heart sharply exacerbate intoxication. For early diagnosis of changes in the lungs and heart, X-ray examination should be performed as early as possible. sdp.net.ua

slide 22: blood changes

Slide 23: chronic intoxication

Complaints of headaches, noise in the head, dizziness, increased fatigue, irritability, poor sleep, memory impairment, short-term disorder of orientation, palpitations, pain in the heart, shortness of breath, fainting, disorders of skin sensitivity, smell, hearing, functions of the vestibular apparatus, vision (violation of color perception, narrowing of the field of vision, disturbance of accommodation). Nutritional decline. Functional disorders of the central nervous system - asthenia, autonomic dysfunction with angiodistonic syndrome, a tendency to vascular spasms, hypertension, in the future, the development of hypertension is possible. Myocardial dystrophy, angina phenomena. ECG shows focal and diffuse changes, coronary disorders. sdp.net.ua

slide 24

Chronic poisoning contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and aggravates the course of the latter, if it already occurred before intoxication. Endocrine disorders, in particular thyrotoxicosis. sdp.net.ua

Slide 25

Some diagnostic value is the determination of the content of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood, but there is no parallelism between its amount and the severity of intoxication. The speed of development, the severity of acute and chronic intoxications may depend on the individual characteristics of the organism and on the presence of other diseases. Poisoning is more severe in young people and pregnant women, with diseases of the lungs and heart, circulatory disorders, anemia, diabetes, liver disease, neurasthenia, and chronic alcoholism. sdp.net.ua

The toxic effect of carbon monoxide on the body is based on its interaction with hemoglobin and the formation of carboxymoglobin (HbCO), unable to carry oxygen, the development of hemic (transport) hypoxia. The erythrocyte membrane prevents the penetration of CO into the cell and the formation of HbCO. The formation of HbCO begins already in the pulmonary capillaries from the periphery of erythrocytes at a minimum concentration of CO in the air. As the content of carbon monoxide in the inhaled air increases, HbCO is formed not only in the peripheral, but also in the central sections of the erythrocyte. The rate of formation of HbCO is directly proportional to the concentration of CO in the inhaled air, its maximum level in the blood is determined by the time of contact with CO. Hemoglobin has the same ability to bind O2 and CO. At the same time, the affinity of hemoglobin for CO is 250-300 times greater than for O2. The valency of iron in HbCO remains unchanged, while the Fe2+ bonds change. All unpaired electrons are involved in the formation

carboxyhemoglobin. The association of CO with hemoglobin occurs 10 times slower than that with O2. The dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin proceeds 3600 times slower than the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin. For this reason, HbCO accumulates very quickly in the blood, even with a relatively small amount of CO in the inhaled air. The formation of HbCO disrupts the transport of oxygen to tissues, which increases the oxygen starvation of the body.

Presentation on life safety.
Subject: Carbon monoxide poisoning. General poisoning by gaseous products of combustion.
Made by Pavel Vladimirovich Vasiliev.

Slide number 2.

One of the main causes of death in fires (more than 80% of cases) is acute poisoning by gaseous combustion products of various building materials and structures. Rapid poisoning of the body is possible as a result of pollution of the surrounding atmosphere with harmful substances in concentrations that affect the body (toxodoses) or quantities that pose a threat to life and health.

The most toxic combustion products are synthetic polymeric materials. Most plastics emit toxic substances during combustion: carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, acrolein, nitrogen oxides, various aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Foam rubber used for the manufacture of furniture is extremely dangerous in terms of fire, which, when burned, emits a toxic gas containing cyanide compounds. These substances, even in small quantities, are highly toxic and affect the human respiratory and nervous systems. Loss of consciousness and, associated with this, the inability to independently exit the fire zone, lead to the fact that the victims are exposed to harmful substances for a long time.

Slide number 3.

Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) is colorless, odorless and tasteless, does not cause eye irritation in its pure form, which explains the imperceptibility of the development of acute poisoning of people. Carbon monoxide is formed during incomplete combustion (lack of oxygen) of fuel, solid, liquid or gaseous combustible substances.

Slide number 4.

Carbon monoxide is part of the exhaust, powder, explosive gases, is formed during fires, especially in confined spaces (premises). Acute carbon monoxide poisoning, as a rule, occurs when safety violations occur when working with internal combustion engines, gas generators and operating technically faulty furnaces, heating appliances, when working in poorly ventilated rooms when heating them with open fire, etc.

Slide number 5.

A characteristic feature of carbon monoxide, which determines its toxic effect on the body, is a much greater ability than oxygen to combine with the hemoglobin of red blood cells (erythrocytes) of the blood. In this case, carboxyhemoglobin is formed, which is not able to carry oxygen. In addition to oxygen deficiency, carbon monoxide has a toxic effect directly on tissues, in particular on the central nervous system. Therefore, many of the symptoms observed in acute carbon monoxide poisoning are due to damage to the central nervous system. One of the most vulnerable organs in case of poisoning is the heart muscle, which is more affected if the victim was doing physical work at the time of poisoning. Practice shows that a person doing hard physical work can be poisoned by half the amount of carbon monoxide in the air than a person who is at rest. Sensitivity to carbon monoxide also increases with increasing external temperature and humidity.

The mechanism of action of carbon monoxide on a person is that it, getting into the blood, binds hemoglobin cells. Then hemoglobin loses its ability to carry oxygen. And the longer a person breathes carbon monoxide, the less efficient hemoglobin remains in his blood, and the less oxygen the body receives. A person begins to suffocate, a headache appears, consciousness is confused. And if you do not go out into the fresh air in time (or do not take out the already unconscious person into the fresh air), then a lethal outcome is not ruled out. In the case of carbon monoxide poisoning, it takes a long time for the hemoglobin cells to be completely cleared of carbon monoxide. The higher the concentration of CO in the air, the faster the life-threatening concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood is created. For example, if the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is 0.02-0.03%, then for 5-6 hours of inhalation of such air, a concentration of carboxyhemoglobin of 25-30% will be created, if the concentration of CO in the air is 0.3-0.5% , then the lethal content of carboxyhemoglobin at the level of 65-75% will be reached after 20-30 minutes of a person's stay in such an environment.

Slide number 6.

Carbon monoxide poisoning can appear abruptly or slowly, depending on the concentration. At very high concentrations, poisoning occurs quickly, characterized by rapid loss of consciousness, convulsions and respiratory arrest. In the blood taken from the region of the left ventricle of the heart or from the aorta, a high concentration of carboxyhemoglobin is found - up to 80%. With a low concentration of carbon monoxide, symptoms develop gradually: muscle weakness appears; dizziness; noise in ears; nausea; vomit; drowsiness; sometimes, on the contrary, short-term increased mobility; then a disorder of coordination of movements; rave; hallucinations; loss of consciousness; convulsions; coma and death from paralysis of the respiratory center. The heart may still beat for some time after breathing has stopped. There have been cases of people dying from the consequences of poisoning even 2-3 weeks after the poisoning event.

Slide number 7.

Severe complications are often noted:

Violation of cerebral circulation

Subarachnoid hemorrhages

Polyneuritis - multiple lesions of the nerves.

Phenomena of cerebral edema

visual impairment

Hearing loss

Possible myocardial infarction

Skin-trophic disorders (blisters, local edema with swelling and subsequent necrosis) are often observed.

With prolonged coma, severe pneumonia is constantly noted.

Slide number 8.

First aid. Initial inspection:

Check the patient's vital parameters: the presence of breathing, pulse, note the presence or absence of hypotension, signs of shock, level of consciousness.

In case of carbon monoxide poisoning, redness of the skin, carmine-red (blood-red) color of the mucous membranes, tachycardia (increase in heart rate from 90 beats per minute) are noted.

Slide number 9.

Hypotension - decreased tone of blood vessels or muscles. Often hypotension is called arterial hypotension, that is, a decrease in blood pressure to 90/50 or lower.

Acute arterial hypotension is manifested by the following symptoms: dizziness, fainting, impaired consciousness.

Slide number 10.

Shock (from the English shock - blow, shock) is a pathological process that develops in response to exposure to extreme stimuli and is accompanied by a progressive violation of the vital functions of the nervous system, blood circulation, respiration, metabolism and some other functions. In fact, this is a breakdown of the body's compensatory reactions in response to damage.

The diagnosis of "shock" is made when the patient has the following signs of shock:

lowering blood pressure and tachycardia;

anxiety (erectile phase according to Pirogov) or blackout of consciousness (torpid phase according to Pirogov);

respiratory failure;

decrease in the volume of urine excreted;

cold, moist skin that is pale cyanotic or marbled.

Slide number 11.

The clinical classification divides shock into four grades according to its severity.

Shock I degree. Consciousness is preserved, the patient is in contact, slightly retarded. Systolic blood pressure (BP) exceeds 90 mm Hg, pulse is rapid.

Shock II degree. Consciousness is preserved, the patient is inhibited. Systolic blood pressure 90-70 mm Hg, pulse 100-120 beats per minute, weak filling, shallow breathing.

Shock III degree. The patient is adynamic, lethargic, does not respond to pain, answers questions in monosyllables. The skin is pale, cold, with a bluish tinge. Breathing shallow, frequent. Systolic blood pressure below 70 mmHg, pulse over 120 beats per minute, thready, central venous pressure (CVP) zero or negative. There is anuria (lack of urine).

IV degree shock manifests itself clinically as one of the terminal conditions.

Roughly, the severity of shock can be determined by the Algover index, that is, by the ratio of the pulse to the value of systolic blood pressure. Normal index - 0.54; 1.0 - transition state; 1.5 - severe shock.

slide number 12.

Assess the neurological status of the victim - Neurological disorders in acute CO poisoning are observed quite often. The leading manifestations of neurological disorders are headache, dizziness, agitation, stupor, convulsions and coma. Other abnormalities include behavioral disturbances, cognitive decline, gait disturbance, tics including irritability, bizarre behavior, and hyperactivity.

In acute poisoning, heaviness in the head, a feeling of squeezing the forehead (“as if with a hoop or pincers”) are initially noted, and later there is a severe headache with predominant localization in the forehead and temples, dizziness and tinnitus, trembling, weakness, increased heart rate and vomit.

In more severe cases of poisoning, increasing drowsiness, confusion, irresponsible actions, weakness in the legs, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness or its deep disorder appear. There are seizures resembling epilepsy. Paralysis is possible, as well as involuntary urination and fecal incontinence. Breathing is usually frequent, sometimes irregular. In severe poisoning, the skin and mucous membranes are bright cherry red.

slide number 13.

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning and other combustion products is to provide the victim with access to fresh air. That is, take it out or take it out of a smoky or gassed room.

In the absence of breathing, carry out the procedure of artificial ventilation of the lungs mouth to mouth or mouth to nose. However, care should be taken, poisoned by gas, a person exhales poison! When carrying out IVL, it is necessary to use a damp cloth or gauze bandage. When carrying out the procedure, artificial ventilation by mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose, draw air away from the face of the victim.

Call an ambulance immediately. Artificial respiration should be carried out before the arrival of doctors, if the victim is not breathing on his own.

Firefighters and rescuers have personal protective equipment, including oxygen cylinders and masks, if rescuers are at the scene before the arrival of the ambulance, it is necessary to use these means to facilitate breathing for the victim of carbon monoxide.

In case of carbon monoxide poisoning, the patient must be taken to a hospital that has a pressure chamber. Because the only way to save a person is to let him breathe oxygen under high pressure conditions.

Slide number 14.

Remove victim to fresh air.

If the victim is conscious, provide continuous access to fresh air and short-term inhalation of ammonia, rub the body.

Call an ambulance.

If the victim is unconscious, artificial respiration should be started immediately until consciousness is regained or an ambulance arrives.

Notify the emergency physician if you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning.

Slide number 15.

Inhalation of carbon dioxide and other toxic combustion products leads to hypoxia.

HYPOXIA - reduced oxygen content in the blood.

Manifestations of hypoxia:

In adults: restlessness

pale skin

In children: pronounced fear

tearfulness

sometimes spastic muscle contraction and convulsions occur.

Slide number 16.

If you have established that the victim is in a state of hypoxia, then you need to

remove the victim to fresh air, give oxygen to breathe.

If the victim is not breathing, then it is necessary to make artificial ventilation of the lungs.

slide number 17.

CPR is a form of ventilation that provides oxygenation and ventilation (removal of carbon dioxide) to the victim.

IVL method "from mouth to mouth" is carried out as follows. The person assisting with one hand, placed on the forehead of the victim, bends his head back, while supporting it with the other hand, placed under the neck and back of the head. The fingers of the hand located on the forehead cover the nose so that there is no air leakage. The person providing assistance tightly covers the mouth of the victim with his mouth and exhales into his respiratory tract. The criterion for monitoring effectiveness is an increase in the volume of the victim's chest. After the chest has straightened out, the assisting person turns his head to the side and the patient passively exhales. Intervals of respiratory cycles should be within the physiological norm - no more than 10-12 per 1 min. (1 respiratory cycle for 4-5 counts). The volume of exhaled air should be approximately 50% more than the usual volume.

slide number 18.

When fire in the building, those present must observe safety measures. One of the measures is the use of personal respiratory protection equipment when leaving smoky and burning rooms. The timely use of personal protective equipment will protect the respiratory organs from toxic combustion products, thereby preserving the health and life of the victims.

Self-rescuer insulating fire-fighting SIP-1 is designed to protect organs breathing, eyesight and facial skin from harmful substances, regardless of their concentration, during self-evacuation from premises during a fire or in other emergencies. Self-rescuer insulating fire-fighting designed for use by people over 12 years old.

The self-rescuer SIP-1 is produced ready for use and does not require individual adjustment, it is supplied in a hard package (case) and in a soft fabric package (bag). The SIP-1 self-rescuer is a disposable respiratory protective device.

SIP-1 differs from similar insulating self-rescuers by the location of the breathing bag around the neck, and not on the chest, which allows you to carry goods or property, or people who have lost consciousness. The design of the self-contained self-rescuer prevents the half-mask from tearing off the face, as well as the loss of breathing mixture from the bag when bending over, falling, crawling or colliding with obstacles.

Gas and smoke protective kit universal GDZK-U - a filtering means of protection designed to protect the respiratory organs, eyes and head of a person from smoke and toxic gases.

The GDZK-U kit consists of a fire-resistant hood with a viewing window, a half mask with an exhalation valve, a filter-absorbing box, an adjustable headband, a sealed bag and a bag with a user manual, there is an instruction manual in the pocket of the bag.

The GDZK-U kit provides protection for at least 30 minutes at high concentrations of the main toxic combustion products and chemically hazardous substances of various classes.

The kit provides protection at ambient temperatures from 00 to 600C and retains its protective properties after short-term exposure to a temperature of 200 0 C for 1 minute and an open flame with a temperature of 850 0 C for 5 seconds.

Hood protective universal KZU

The advanced protective hood is a single-use filtering protective device and is designed to protect the respiratory organs, eyes and scalp of a person from gases, vapors and aerosols of hazardous chemicals and toxic combustion products, as well as for a short time from exposure to an open flame. It can be used to evacuate people from zones of chemical contamination as a result of man-made accidents, as well as from buildings, structures and objects for various purposes in case of smoke.

It is operated in all climatic zones at temperatures from -30°C to +40°C with a free oxygen content in the air of at least 17% by volume.

slide number 19.

Compliance with fire safety rules, attentive attention to your behavior, the behavior of children and adolescents, as well as the elderly and smokers, equipping your apartment with fire alarms, smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, fire safety behavior will help you save your life and property.