Castling, capturing on the aisle, promotion of a pawn. Capturing on the aisle - the move of only one pawn Rules of the game of chess beaten field

In chess, a square is called beaten, which is under attack by an opponent's piece or pawn. Usually this chess term refers to the rule of "capture en passant". a beaten square is a square attacked by a pawn, in front of the opponent's pawn vertically, which is in its initial position.

The e3 square is beaten by the black pawn.

The expression “beaten square” and the rule on the aisle came into use in chess in the 15th century, at about the same time as another rule, according to which the first pawn move was allowed to move two squares forward.

With the additional possibilities of a pawn on a chessboard, the opponent got the right to capture it when crossing a beaten square. An aisle capture is an exceptional situation in chess in which a pawn captures an opponent's pawn and does not take its place.

An aisle capture can occur when the white pawn is in its initial position, and the black pawn is on the fourth rank; in another case: black - in the initial position, white - on the fifth horizontal line.

It is possible to move a pawn across an attacked square, but the rules allow the opponent to capture a pawn as if it had moved one square forward.

Black went 1. … d5. The d6-square is beaten, and White can take the black pawn with his next move: 2. ed+.

The opportunity to beat on the pass remains only in response to the move of this very pawn. If the opportunity is not used, it is lost on the next turn.

Only a pawn is allowed to be captured on the aisle. The queen and rook can move vertically, but they cannot be captured on the aisle.

Black to move 1. ... Rd5. The black rook passed through the d6-square, which was beaten by the white pawn, but White has no right to play 2. ed+.

In the opening, a capture on the aisle occurs in the variation of the Russian game.

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 ed 4. e5 Ne4 5. Qxd4 d5.

After Black's 5th move, White can play 6. ed.

In the variation of the French Defense, a capture on the aisle is possible on the third move: 1. e4 e6 2. e5 d5.

White can play 3rd

Since each player has eight pawns, it is theoretically possible to capture en passant eight times.

Taking on the aisle looks spectacular, but it is not necessary to beat. There are positions when taking on the pass is a serious mistake.

Black to move 1. … e5 2. fe Bd3+ and black wins. Taking on the aisle turned out to be a gross mistake. Move 2. Ra7 led to a quick win for White. As Saveliy Tartakower wittily remarked: "Mistakes exist for that, to be made."

The expression "broken field" is also found in castling. It is impossible to castle if the king passes through a broken square during castling.

White's move. 1.0-0. White cannot castle long, since the d1-square is under attack by the black queen.

Black's move. They can castle long 1. … 0-0-0. Short castling cannot be performed by Black, since the f8-square is under attack by the white queen.

An interesting incident occurred in the game between G. Gundersen and A. Fall in 1928.

Black's last move was 14. ... g5, closing from a check. After taking 15. hg on the pass, White announced checkmate with a double check.

In chess problems, the capture on the aisle was first introduced by the famous compiler Adolf Andersen in 1846. Capture on the way is used in retrograde analysis, a genre of chess composition in which, in order to complete a task, it is necessary to analyze the previous moves of a given position.

F. Amelung's problem, 1897.

Chess chess clock, chess board, initial arrangement of chess pieces Number of players 2 Age range 5+ Setting time Usually 10 60 seconds Game duration 10 seconds 7 hours * Complexity of rules ... Wikipedia

Chess chess clock, chess board, initial arrangement of chess pieces Number of players 2 Age range 5+ Setting time Usually 10 60 seconds Game duration 10 seconds 7 hours * Complexity of rules ... Wikipedia

Chess chess clock, chess board, initial arrangement of chess pieces Number of players 2 Age range 5+ Setting time Usually 10 60 seconds Game duration 10 seconds 7 hours * Complexity of rules ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Chess (meanings). Chess Chess ... Wikipedia

Marseille chess is a variant of chess in which each player moves his pieces twice per turn. The rules of the game were first published in 1925 in Marseille in the local newspaper Le Soleil. This variant of chess became very popular at the end ... ... Wikipedia

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- # A B C D E F F G I K L M N O P R S T U V X T ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see pawn (meanings) ... Wikipedia

Books

• Chess for children. Educational fairy tale in pictures. Federal State Educational Standard, Fominykh Maria Vladimirovna. Maria Fominykh is an international grandmaster, champion of Russia and Europe among girls, author of children's books on chess, coach, organizer of chess tournaments, journalist... Once upon a time...
• Chess for children. Educational fairy tale in pictures. 3+, Fominykh Maria Vladimirovna. Maria Fominykh is an international grandmaster, champion of Russia and Europe among girls, author of children's books on chess, coach, organizer of chess tournaments, journalist. ... Once upon a time there was in the world ...

And you play chess according to modern, official rules, are you sure?

Look at what misconceptions about the rules of chess are found among amateurs, perhaps they are in your game.

White has a queen on the board, but this does not prevent pawns from being promoted to queens.

1) A pawn, when it reaches the last rank, can only turn into a piece that was previously captured. This misconception has its roots in Italy. It was there that until the 19th century they played according to such rules. For example, if only the bishop was eaten, then the pawn can only turn into a bishop, and if all the pieces are intact on the board, then the pawn remains a pawn on the last horizontal. In modern chess rules, a pawn can be promoted to any piece., that is, if your 5 pawns have reached the end, then you can have at least 5 queens or 5 knights, etc., at your discretion.

2) The chess player stubbornly moves his king to the last horizontal of the chessboard, because he thinks that by reaching it he will get a pawn. You can move the king or other pieces on any cells of the board as much as you like, but you don't get pawns under any circumstances.

3) Many beginners try to check the enemy king at the beginning of the game, thinking that if the check is made, then the king will not be able to castle. But it's not like that if the king did not make a move, but simply defended himself from a check, then he retains the right to castling.

4) Children who don't understand the concept of checkmate just eat the king and think they've won the game. They need to explain that you can't eat the king, if he is in check, and the opponent does not see this and makes another move, then you need to correct his mistake. The same applies to the king's move to the beaten field.

5) Most amateurs are not familiar with the rule of taking on the aisle, although it appeared back in 1490. What is a take on the pass? This is when a pawn moves two squares across a beaten field, which is under attack by an opponent's pawn, and the opponent can take your pawn with his next move. His pawn moves to the attacked square, and your captured pawn is removed from the board. A capture on the aisle is only possible directly in response to a pawn's move across an attacked square; on subsequent moves, pawns cannot be captured on the aisle.

If you have any questions regarding , you can ask your question in the comments, we will definitely answer it.

In this lesson, we will get acquainted with two more rules in chess. They were specially taken into a separate topic, since they are not always immediately memorized by novice chess players.

We have already said that the king is the most important piece on the chessboard, and therefore he needs constant protection. Usually, at the beginning of the game, the struggle is tied up in the center. Exactly where the king is located. Therefore, the question arises of where to hide it from potential shelling of the opponent's pieces. The answer is to castling!

Castling is a move in chess in which the king jumps over one square to the right or left, and the rook closes it by standing on the adjacent square.

Castling can be done by both White and Black. Castling is short and long. A short one is made towards the kingside, a long one is made towards the queenside. Visually, how white and black castling is shown in the diagrams below.

Thus, the king will be well protected, and his safety can be taken care of to a lesser extent.

Castling can be done if the following rules are met:

1. Neither the king nor the rook with which castling is being made has made a single move before.
2. There are no other pieces between the king and the rook.
3. The king is not in check. That is, if you have been declared a check, then castling at this moment cannot be done.
4. The square over which the king jumps and the square into which he stands is not penetrated by the opponent's pieces.

Castling is considered one move, despite the fact that two pieces take part in it. Castling can only be done once per game.

An aisle capture is a move in which a pawn can hit an opponent's pawn if it has jumped over an attacked square.
As you remember, from the 3rd lesson, on its first move, a pawn can go two squares forward, that is, jump over one square. If this square is penetrated by the opponent's pawn, then it can make a capture.

Visually it looks like this:

Thus, the black pawn hit the white and at the same time stood on the beaten field, and not on the field where the white pawn stood, as is the case with ordinary attacks. At the same time, it is possible to capture on the aisle only on the next move, otherwise this right is then lost.

Often, inexperienced chess players, who know superficially, after the opponent’s next move, were surprised and began to argue, arguing that when capturing, the attacking piece or pawn always stands on the field where the opponent’s beaten piece was located. And here the opponent takes a pawn, which, it seems, was not under attack at all, and even puts his pawn on the wrong square, where the beaten pawn was. "That's against the rules! It’s impossible,” inexperienced players are outraged.

And here you can! All according to the rules. Subject to several conditions.

Broken field in chess

As you know, from its initial position, the pawn can move one square or two squares forward at the request of the player.

It happens that a situation arises when, when moving two squares forward, a pawn crosses a square attacked by an opponent's pawn.

The attacked square, through which the pawn passes, in this case is called broken field.

Crossing an attacked square is not forbidden by the rules of chess, but in this case the opponent has the right to capture this pawn. With such a capture, the attacking pawn moves to the beaten field, which the opponent's pawn "jumped over", and the enemy pawn that "ran ahead" is removed from the board. Consider an example:

The white pawn on b2 has the right to move b2-b4. At the same time, it will cross the b3 square, which is attacked by the black c4 pawn. b3 - broken field.

The black c4-pawn is capable of capturing en passant.

The black pawn from c4 moves to the square b3, the white pawn from b4, which has crossed the beaten square, is removed from the board. The diagram shows the end position.

Only the pawn has the right to capture on the aisle and only in relation to the pawn, this right does not apply to other pieces. Chess arbitrators will fine you if you break this rule in an official competition.

Should I take it on the way?

Taking on the aisle is not necessary, you can take it, you can not take it - it all depends on the specific situation. However, it should be remembered that it can be made only by a return move to the crossing of the beaten field by the opponent's "infantryman". Then you will no longer be able to capture the “running away” forward pawn on the aisle. Watch the video above to consolidate your knowledge.