The parent case answers the question last name first name. What surnames are not inclined: step by step instructions
Illustration.
It is no secret that the grammar of the Russian language is a very difficult subject, and not only for foreign students of educational institutions and independently studying the language, but also for native speakers. One of the difficult topics that requires patience and perseverance in this connection is the declension of names in Russian, since there are many features and subtleties that are not so easy to guess and think out logically, as well as many exceptions that do not obey the general rule. He will try to cover all aspects of this issue in this article.
Declination. General concept and varieties
Even from the course of the school curriculum, many remember that declension is a change in cases. There are only six cases in Russian:
- Nominative;
- Genitive;
- Dative;
- Accusative;
- Instrumental;
- Prepositional.
For each case, you can ask a question:
- for the nominative it is “Who? What?";
- declining the name in the genitive case, they ask the question “Who? What? ";
- in the dative - “To whom? What? ";
- for the accusative, the questions “Who? What?";
- in the instrumental, the noun changes in accordance with the questions “By whom? Than?",
- in the prepositional - “About whom? About what?".
When forming a question, to facilitate the task, you can substitute a verb with the same control:
Doesn't have who, what? I owe who, what? Thinking about whom, about what? Lives by whom, by what?
responsible-a "\u003e
Also noteworthy is the declension of masculine names that are double. Moreover, in the names of Russian origin, both parts are changed, and in nouns of foreign origin - only the last part.
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Andrey-Victor |
Shoy-Syuryun |
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Andrey-Victor |
Shoy-Syuryun |
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Andrey-Victor |
Shoy-Syuryuna |
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Andrey-Victor |
Shoy-Syuryunu |
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Andrey-Victor |
Shoy-Syuryuna |
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Andrey-Victor |
Shoy-Syuryun |
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Andrei-Victor |
Shoy-Syuryune |
The second variety is masculine and feminine names ending in -a. All changes occur in the first declension:
Similarly to the above examples, foreign names ending in -а are declined:
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Mustafoy |
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The declension of masculine and feminine names with endings in the nominative case in -ya, -ya, -ya, -ee also occurs according to the first declension, and regardless of their origin:
Pay attention to one important feature!
- Personal names that have an -ii at the end receive the same endings "-ii" in three cases at once - these are the genitive, dative and prepositional cases.
- Names that end with -я are given "-ye" in the prepositional and dative cases, and "-y" in the genitive.
Declination of female names with a zero ending and a soft sign at the end is built according to the 3rd type.
Attention! Female names of foreign origin ending in a solid consonant and in -и do not change in cases, for example, Maryam, Elizabeth, Dolores, Carmen. There is a group of names that fit this rule, but fluctuate between non-inclination and the 3rd declension, these are Gazelle, Guzel, Lucille, Nicole, Aygul, Asel, Mirel, Babigul, Cecil. In colloquial speech, they can change, but in official speech, as a rule, they remain unchanged.
Male and female names, in the end of which a vowel appears, and, moreover, -а and -я are excluded, refer to non-declining names,
For example, Nelly, Sergo. Also, names of foreign origin with vowels in the ending do not change - Babbu, Bakke, Chamzy.
Sometimes the names of foreign writers and literary heroes are used in combination with the surname.
For example, Jules Verne, Conan Doyle, Oscar Wilde, Sherlock Holmes, Robin Hood. Often the speaker does this: he declines only the surname, leaving the name unchanged, but this is not entirely true, since both must change: the legend of Robin Hood, books by Oscar Wilde.
Please note that in colloquial speech, inflection on the part of the surname is permissible, but in writing it is recommended to inflect both parts.
So, we have figured out how to correctly inflect names of Russian and foreign origin, what are the exceptions to the rules, what to do if the lexical unit is hyphenated, and whether there are non-declining and controversial names.
To correctly change personal names for cases, you must first familiarize yourself with the declension tables of common nouns. This is how the structure and causal relationships are best understood. So, the first type (feminine and masculine nouns ending in -а, -я):
The second declension, which includes neuter nouns with the ending -о, -е:
The third declension, which includes feminine nouns with a soft sign at the end:
- Declination of surnames and personal names in the Russian literary language, L.P. Kalutskaya;
- Difficulties in inflection of nouns. N. A. Eskova;
- Dictionary of the difficulties of the Russian language, edited by D.E. Rosenthal;
- Etymological and morphological analysis of the declension of surnames of the pre-revolutionary era and the transformations of the communist-Soviet regime. A. N. Pogrebnoy-Alexandrov;
- Academic "Russian Grammar" 1980.
Personal names of people are nouns. Particular difficulty is caused by the change in cases, that is, the declension of some names. Traditional Russian names are fully included in the grammatical system of the Russian language, borrowed names are included in the system to varying degrees, therefore, special attention should be paid to changing them. Personal names of people are nouns. In the system of Russian grammar, nouns have grammatical gender, number and case; these characteristics should be taken into account when using. Particular difficulty is caused by the change in cases, that is, the declension of some names. Traditional Russian names are fully included in the grammatical system of the Russian language, borrowed names are included in the system to varying degrees, therefore, special attention should be paid to changing them. Genus People's proper names are either masculine or feminine according to the gender of the named... This applies to both full and abbreviated and petting forms of names: Anna, Anya, Alexandra, Kira, Elena, Sania, Asel, Shushanik, Irene, Rosemary - wives. kind; Mikhail, Misha, Alexander, Peter, Igor, Yuri, Antonio, Hans, Harry, Michele - husband. kind; genus of type names Sasha, Valya, Zhenya, Tony, Michelle, Jackie, which can belong to both a man and a woman, is also determined by the gender of the carrier: our student Sasha Petrov - husband. genus, our student Sasha Petrova - wives. genus; known to all Jackie Chan - husband. genus, known to all Jackie (from Jacqueline) Kennedy - wives. genus. Number For declined names, if it is necessary to name several persons with the same name, the plural form is used: Five Nikolaev and six Helen are studying on the course... Unwanted names do not have a special plural form: five Enrique and six Mary... Particular attention should be paid to the genitive plural form of some abbreviated declined names (recommendation of D.E. Rosenthal): Genus. pad. pl. h. ( not many whom?) male: Petya, Vasya, Vanya but: Rod. pad. pl. h. ( not many whom?) female: Ol, Gal, Val. Declination Names are declined (change in cases) and non-declined (for all cases have the same form). The declination depends on the final element of the name. !!! note to name form: Daniel or Danila, Nikolay or Nikola, Emilor Emil, Maria or Marya, Karina or Karine, Alice or Alice, Pelageya or Pelagia - see the section "Name variations". Male names
- Traditional Russian full male names end
- a hard consonant (Ivan, Artyom);
- to a soft consonant (Igor), including the -y (Andrey, Arkady);
- sometimes on -a, -ya (Thomas, Savva, Ilya).
| Case | on acc. (tv. and soft.) | to the vowel -а, -я | |
| 2 declension | 1 declension | ||
| Them. pad. | Alexey, Daniel | George | Ilya, Nikita, Danila |
| Rod. pad. | Alexei, Daniel | George | Ilya, Nikita, Danila |
| Dat. pad. | Alexey, Daniil | George | Ilya, Nikita, Danila |
| Vin. pad. | Alexei, Daniel | George | Ilya, Nikita, Danila |
| TV. pad. | Alexei, Daniil | George | Ilya, Nikita, Danila |
| Etc. pad. | (v / v) Alex e, Daniel e | (o) Georgi and | (o / o) Il e, Nikita, Danila |
- If the final elements of new or borrowed names correspond to the specified characteristics (consonant, one vowel -а / -я, a combination of -ea, -ia), then the names easily enter the Russian noun row and lean:
- If a male name ends with another element (vowel -o, -e, -y, -yu, -y, -i, -e, -e and in combinations of two vowels, except -ea, -ia), then it not inclined: Earley, Anri, Nizami, Oli, Lee, Revo, Romeo, Otto, Pedro, Carlo, Leo, Antonio, Michele, Andre, Hugh, Roux, Keanu, Gregory, Givi, France ya and etc.
- Traditional Russian full female names end
- na -a, -ya (Valeria, Antonina, Olga, Natalia),
- to a soft consonant (Love).
| Case | to the vowel -а, -я | on acc. (tv. and soft.) | |
| 1 declension | 3 declension | ||
| Them. pad. | Olga, Anela, Maya | Yulia | Any aboutyou |
| Rod. pad. | Olga, Aneli, Mayi | Julia | Any aboutin and |
| Dat. pad. | Olga e, Anel e, May e | Yuli and | Any aboutin and |
| Vin. pad. | Olga, Anel, Mayu | Julia | Any aboutyou |
| TV. pad. | Olga, Aneli, Maya | Julia | Any aboutview |
| Etc. pad. | (v / v) Olga e, Anel e, May e | (o) Julia and | (o) Any aboutin and |
| When declining the name Love vowel ABOUT saved! | |||
- If new or borrowed names have leaf elements - a or -I, then such names easily enter the Russian noun row and are declined:
- If a female name ends in a different vowel (not -a / -я), then it is not declined: Betsy, Ellie, Angie, Mary, Sue, Maro, Rosemary, Alsouand etc.
- Female names on solid consonants are only non-declining (on the same principle as surnames of this kind): Suok, Solveig, Gretchen, Irene, Helen, Alice, Annette, Jane, Katrin, Esther, Ainush, Bibigush, Akmaral, Rusudan, Shushanik, Altyn, Gulnazand etc.
- The most difficult question is the declension of female names ending in a soft consonant: Rakhil, Sulamith, Ninel, Assol, Aigul, Zhanargul, Syumbel, Michelle, Nicole, Elle, Isabel,etc.
- Russian language reference service www.gramota.ru (Recommendation: the choice is yours)
- Kalakutskaya L. P. Declination of surnames and personal names in the Russian literary language. - M .: Nauka, 1984. (Recommendation: do not incline).
- Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of Russian personal names. - M., 2004. (Recommendation: to decline)
The table contains genitive nouns with prepositions. TEXT - A noun, name, surname or patronymic in the nominative case, which must be declined. 6. Surnames formed from the genitive case of a personal name, nickname or family are not inclined. In Russian, the full name in the genitive case changes mainly in the same way as other proper nouns - depending on the declension to which they refer.
It is these prepositions that are used with the given case of nouns. This topic is the most difficult in the study of this case, since an uncountable set of word forms is formed and it is difficult not to get confused in them. 2. Surnames consonant with an adjective are declined in accordance with the declension of adjectives in masculine and feminine gender and in the plural: Dashing, Tolstaya, White, Great.
5. Russian surnames of a neuter gender ending in -o, Ukrainian surnames in -ko, as well as foreign-language surnames in -o, -e, -i, -y, -yu are not inclined. 7. In double surnames, each part is declined case by case separately in accordance with the rules described above. Author: ElenaDate: 09/30/2016 2:50:27 PM My son has a surname Nitrai (accent on a). I studied at school for four years, there were no problems with the surname.
Declination of names in the genitive case
The son went to first grade. and from the second half of the year the teacher suddenly took it into his head to correct: the notebook of Arseniy Andrey, on Arseniy Andrey. Does this make sense? Is this surname not included in the exceptions? Since the surname also performs a legal function, it is preferable not to change the letters in the surname, although a very similar word "ration" suggests itself.
And with the declension, you can neither pronounce it nor the accent correctly. It is not difficult to guess what the function \u003d DECLINE (TEXT; PAD) is needed for. You can also use multiple words as an argument.
Endings and examples of words in the genitive case.
A similar function that declines full name and nouns, but only in Ukrainian. Her syntax also does not differ \u003d DECLINEUKR (TEXT; PADEZH). There is also a daily limit on the use of functions, which is currently 1000 declensions.
However, as an exception, the algorithm took into account the declension of surnames with these endings and less than 5 letters in length (mostly Korean in origin): Viktor Tsoi -\u003e Viktor Tsoi. However, when declining, the endings of such surnames depend on what kind of nouns - masculine, feminine or neuter - they are.
Foreign surnames ending in "-ov" and "-in" in the instrumental case change the ending to "-th": Benjamin Franklin, Charles Darwin, Charlie Chaplin, Alexander Green. Russian "surnames with similar endings end in" -th ": Ivanov, Gagarin, Fonvizin, etc.
As stated in many sources, we need cases for the correct formulation of a sentence, so that people can understand each other, can correctly and competently express their desires. In Russian, there are the following case names: prepositional, instrumental, nominative, dative and accusative.
When it comes to nouns, it depends on the category of animate or inanimate. It is not always convenient to ask case questions. If someone gets confused by these questions, that's okay. Two questions arise: to persuade them or not, how to persuade them?
3. Surnames consonant with a noun are declined in accordance with gender, grammatical gender does not affect the declension. Note. If the first part of the double surname cannot be used separately, then it is not inclined: Bonch-Bruevich - Bonch-Bruevich - Bonch-Bruevich.
The biggest problem learning genitive
In the 5th grade we started. And the surname Susha about a woman is not inclined. Our surname is Arseniy. Never and no where she was bowed. Author: Anna Date: 02.10.2015 20:04:59 Is the male surname Timchiy declining? The following are examples to illustrate how the function works.
As a result of these actions, the "Modules" branch will appear in the project explorer on the left side of the screen (if it was not already there), by expanding which you can see the line bdgFIOPropisyu. That's it, the program code is imported and you can use it.
Add to Excel!
Therefore, French surnames with an emphasis on the ending are processed incorrectly by the program: Dumas -\u003e Dumas, Zola -\u003e Zoli, Petipa -\u003e Petipa. Male surnames ending in "-y", "-y", "-oi" are declined as adjectives Gorky -\u003e Gorky, Blissful -\u003e Blissful, Bronevoy -\u003e Armor.
Male surnames ending in a soft sign are inclined: Mikhail Vrubel -\u003e Mikhail Vrubel, Nikolai Gogol -\u003e Nikolai Gogol, etc. The situation is similar with surnames ending in "-ets": without stress, the ending changes to "-em": Victor Finger -\u003e Victor Finger; under stress - on "th": Oleg Soskovets -\u003e Oleg Soskovets. The rules for declension of surnames and first names are used in accordance with sections 13.1 and 13.2 of the work of N. A. Eskova “Difficulties of inflection of nouns.
1. Surnames ending in -ov / ev, -in / yn, -skiy / skoi, -tskiy / tskoy make up the bulk of Russian surnames. Author: AlexData: 01/10/2016 20:06:51 Why such a strange emphasis on the last syllable? Fedorovich is understandable, FedorOvich - maybe Fedorovich - is unlikely, but possible. But how can Fedorovitch be?
I draw your attention to the fact that for the correct operation of these functions, a stable Internet connection is required, or rather, to the Morfer.ru site. The program is a single file called bdgFIOPropisyu.bas.
Any case is determined by question. The function allows you to display the last name, first name and patronymic specified in the nominative case, in the form of any other case. It is about him that will be discussed further. The genitive is an indirect case. Examples of surnames, patronymic names in the genitive case: the book of Elena Sergeevna Ivanova, the works of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, the apartment of Chernykh Maryam Alexandrovna.
The genitive case is necessary in Russian to express different relationships between the phenomena of the world: it can be the definition of an object through another object (a house made of wood); action and its subject (rustle of leaves), action and its object (building a house), action and its place (walking around the house), absence of an object (no wind).
Any case is determined by question.
What question does the genitive case of a noun answer?
When it comes to nouns, it depends on the category of animate or inanimate. The genitive case answers the question:
- whom? - animate noun
- what? - inanimate noun
The table contains genitive nouns with prepositions. It is these prepositions that are used with the given case of nouns.
Circumferential issues in the genitive case
It is not always convenient to ask case questions. When a noun with a preposition in a sentence denotes a time, image, place, purpose of action, then the genitive case is used, the questions of which will be adverbial:
- where from?
- when?
- what for?
Determining the meaning of the genitive case on a question
The most convenient way to classify values \u200b\u200bis in a table:
Genitive nouns mean: |
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time of action | course of action | the scene | reasons for action | goals of action |
after lunch in the middle of the day until the evening | without sorrow without enthusiasm without a spark | from the city near school from under the bush | with joy out of curiosity because of resentment | for work for study |
As can be seen from the table, the genitive case of nouns with prepositions has a wide range of uses as a circumstance.
The biggest problem learning genitive
How correctly:
- among the Turks or among the Turks?
- two hundred grams of sausages or two hundred grams of sausages?
- kilogram of mandarins or tangerines?
If someone from these questions arises normally.
The biggest headache is the genitive plural.
Of course, you can say: "We have no business, we do not know the cases." But there are circumstances when knowledge is power. For example, there will be an exam in Russian.
This topic is the most difficult in the study of this case, since an uncountable set of word forms is formed and it can be difficult not to get confused in them.
For ease of assimilation, you can divide the material into groups according to their kind.
Feminine nouns in genitive
These nouns usually have zero inflection. But what before the end is determined by the initial form (singular h, im. P.)
It is worth recalling that words in the nominative case answer the question who? or what? The genitive case answers the question of whom? or what?
- In them. p. with hissing in front of her: barge - barges, theft - thefts, puddle - puddles, ski - skis, cloud - clouds (without b).
- In them. n. -a, -I'm not after sizzling: waffle - waffle, shoe - shoes, blast furnace - domain, poker - poker, nanny - nanny, rod - rod, wedding - weddings, gossip - gossip, sheet - sheet, estate - estates.
- In them. case - ia: lecture - lectures, army - armies, parody - parodies, surname - surnames, excursion - excursions.
- In them. p. - th or -ya: rook - rook, article - articles, size - pins. But: songstress, bouncy, bustle, mischievous, witch, pancakes.
- In them. p. - nya: cherry - cherry, bedroom - bedrooms, bell tower - bell towers (here without a soft sign); village - villages, kitchen - kitchens, apple - apple trees (here with a soft sign).
- In them. p. - b: mother - mothers, daughter - daughters, notebook - notebooks, night - nights, square - squares, bed - beds, bone - bones, whip - lashes, bed - beds, oven - ovens (ending -s).
Nouns in sets. the genitive number of the genitive
In such nouns, the genitive form is also in most cases with a zero ending, but there are also inflections -ev, -ov.
- In them. n. -o: window - windows, sieve - sieves, mirror - mirrors, ship - ships; village - village, oar - oars; apple - apples But: awl - awls, bottom - bottoms, face - faces (ending -ev, -ov).
- In them. n.e .: field - fields, saucer - saucers, towel - towels.
- In them. n. -th, -ye: nesting - nesting, conquest - conquest, food - food, coast - coasts, potion - potions, land - land. But: dress - dresses, mouth - mouths, lower reaches - lower reaches (ending -e).
- In them. n. -yo: guns. But: copies, rabble.
The genitive case of masculine plural nouns and nouns that are used only in plural. h.
Masculine words form a lot of genitive word forms that do not obey any rules. For convenience, you can classify them by endings and use the table for this:
the genitive case answers the question of whom? or what? |
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there are no Englishmen, Bulgarians, Ossetians, Moldavians, Mohicans, Mordvinians, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, Turkmens, Slavs, Tatars, Bashkirs, Buryats, citizens, foremen, soldiers, partisans, gypsies, | no Latvians, uncles, inhabitants, kings, princes, tsars, princes, youths, boys | there are no chauffeurs, sons-in-law, Lithuanians, Estonians, geniuses, Bedouins, Bushmen, Tajiks, Svans, Karelians, Sarmatians, Karelians, Tungus, Uzbeks, Kalmyks, warrant officers, Bedouins, Kirgizs, Yakuts, sappers, miners, hussars, draguns |
with a collective meaning - a squadron of hussars, a regiment of dragoons, a dozen lancers; company grenadier, cadet squad |
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subjects |
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stocking, boot, felt boots, garters, shoulder straps, | paths, roots | roots, bots, socks, rails, glasses, leaves, sheets, bracelets, key rings, |
units |
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100 volts, arshin, x-ray, hertz, ohm, kopecks, 5 carats | seven spans, 100 rubles | 10 grams, kilograms, centners, acres, hectares, inches, liters meters, millimeters, centimeters, pounds, pounds, feet, yards, dinars, dollars, tugras, sterling |
product names |
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no pasta | a lot of apricots, oranges, tomatoes, tomatoes, bananas, eggplants, lemons, tangerines, |
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Nouns that have one plural in the genitive also vary and do not have a specific rule.
Genitive adjectives and participles
Adjectives and participles are also inflected in cases and have endings depending on the questions that are posed to them from nouns.
Considering only the genitive case, the questions are as follows:
- Which one? - husband. and Wednesday kind
- Which one? - female. kind
For example:
- dawn (what?) scarlet, evening - the end of the -th, -th;
- sea \u200b\u200b(what?) deep, sparkling - the end of the th, th;
- ship (what?) big, sailing - the end of the th, -th, -th.
For adjectives and participles, questions of the genitive plural are put:
- what?
- what are they doing?
- what did you do?
For example:
Sails (what?) White, (what are they doing?) Whitening, (what have they done?) Opened.
Noginsk - 2017
Moscow region
Shatura branch
PM. 02 Participation in treatment, diagnostic and rehabilitation processes
PRINT YOUR SUBJECT (ALL CAPITAL LETTERS)
COURSE WORK
student (s) 41 SD groups
specialty 31.02.01 Nursing (basic level)
Surname, name, patronymic, in parental case
Shatura - 2017
APPENDIX B
| Introduction ................................................. .................................................. ....... | |
| Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of studying personality traits and burnout syndrome in medical workers ................................... .................................................. ....................... | |
| 1.1 Characteristics of personal characteristics of medical workers ............................................ .................................................. | |
| 1.2 Socio-psychological essence of burnout syndrome .......................................... .................................................. ... | |
| 1.3 Influence of the specifics of medical activity on the formation of symptoms of burnout syndrome ....................................... .................................................. ...... | |
| Chapter 2. Empirical study of the relationship between burnout syndrome and personal characteristics of medical workers .................................... .................................................. ...................... | |
| 2.1 Organization and research methods ............................................. .......... | |
| 2.2 Description of research results .............................................. .............. | |
| 2.3 Practical recommendations for the prevention and prevention of burnout syndrome ........................................ ....................... | |
| Conclusion ................................................. .................................................. ....... | |
| List of sources used ………………………………………… | |
| application |
APPENDIX B
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE MOSCOW REGION
State budgetary professional educational institution
Moscow region
"Moscow Regional Medical College No. 3
named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Z. Samsonova "
I approve
Deputy Director for SD
L.V. Mironov
"___" ____________ 20__
to complete coursework
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE MOSCOW REGION
State budgetary professional educational institution
Moscow region
"Moscow Regional Medical College No. 3
named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Z. Samsonova "
Egorievsk branch
I approve
Head OIA department
ON. Shuvalov
"___" ____________ 20__
to complete coursework
student ______ group ________ specialty _________________________
Last name, I.O.______________________________________________________
1. Topic of work _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Date of issue of the assignment: ______________________________________________
3. Initial data for work (base of industrial practice, purpose, objectives and scope of research, proposed methods and research techniques, etc.)
4. Stages of implementation and deadline for the student to submit completed work
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________