Tooth cyst - causes, symptoms and modern treatment methods. Extraction of a tooth with a cyst in the maxillary sinus Is it possible to remove a cyst on a tooth without removing the tooth

Often, a tooth cyst is detected by chance and already at a late stage, because it develops almost asymptomatically. Then the removal procedure is prescribed, while the diseased tooth is also eliminated (partially or completely). Do not be afraid of such an operation, it takes place under anesthesia and lasts only 20-30 minutes.

Indications for removal of cysts at the root of the tooth

Should the cyst be removed? This radical approach is sometimes vital. If the infected tissue is not removed, a bubble of inflammatory fluid will begin to grow, which can even lead to the formation of a tumor.

The main indications for removal:

• capsule diameter exceeds 1 cm;
• the presence of a pin in the horse canal, which prevents re-filling;
• the channel remained unfilled near the very top;
• if conservative treatment has not given positive results.

Cyst etiology and

Methods of surgical treatment of cysts

The method of surgical treatment is always determined individually, depending on the size of the cystic formation, its localization, as well as the degree of tooth damage.

Tooth cyst resection

In addition to the capsule itself, the doctor excises the tip of the affected root. The method is considered the most gentle, it is effective for single-rooted anterior teeth.

Hemisection

It is used for multi-rooted teeth. First, the inflamed tissue is eliminated along with one (infected) root. Then the dental crown is sawn and the part adjacent to the diseased root is removed. To restore the integrity of the tooth, a ceramic microprosthesis is installed.

Cystectomy

The most common technique. It allows you to remove a neoplasm once and for all without affecting the "living" tooth tissue. It implies the complete elimination of the cyst, as well as the roots (or their sections) that cannot be treated. The crown is saved.

Cystotomy

Partial removal of a tooth cyst (front wall only) to eliminate pus. This procedure is advisable when the size of the capsule is too large (2 cm or more), and this leads to a thinning of the base of the jaw.

Stages of removing a cyst on the gum

The operation to remove a tooth cyst includes the following stages:

1. Local anesthesia.
2. Dissection and exfoliation of the gums.
3. Removal of a portion of the jaw bone for better access to the cyst.
4. Thorough cleaning of the capsule contents and removal of its shell in order to prevent relapse.
5. Rinsing the cavity with an antiseptic solution.
6. If necessary, elimination of the damaged root area and retrograde filling.
7. The place where the cyst was, is filled with osteoplastic material (artificial bone tissue).
8. The gums are sutured.

Before and after the procedure, an X-ray (sighting or panoramic) must be taken. This is necessary in order to see the size of the vesicle and the condition of the roots, and also to make sure that the operation was correct (all infected tissues were eliminated).

A tooth is removed only if its roots have grown into a cystic formation, or if it is completely destroyed.

Removal of the cyst while preserving the tooth

Laser tooth cyst removal

If the size of the tumor is small, laser removal can be applied. This is the easiest and safest way. A laser beam is passed through the canal, while the roots are sterilized, and the cyst is gradually reduced.

Pros of using a laser:

• painlessness and bloodlessness;
• fast tissue healing;
• disinfection of the affected area, which reduces the risk of the spread of purulent bacteria.

The disadvantages include only the high cost of the procedure, as well as the fact that not all clinics are equipped with a laser device.

Complications after surgery

Possible consequences:

• swelling and redness of the mucous membrane;
• toothache;
• an increase in body temperature up to 38 degrees;
• general weakness.

This is a typical reaction of the body after surgery, all symptoms should go away in 3-5 days.

In the postoperative period, it is important to follow the recommendations of the dentist. The doctor may prescribe antiseptic gargles, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory or antihistamines. This will help prevent inflammation.

If you feel that the condition is getting worse, you should immediately contact the clinic.

The effectiveness of treatment always depends on the qualifications of the doctor. You can easily find a proven dentist-surgeon on our website. To do this, use the convenient search system.

The maxillary sinus (its other name is the maxillary sinus) is located in the thickness of the bone tissue of the upper jaw. It is separated from the oral cavity by the alveolar process of the upper jaw, which forms its bottom. The volume of such a sinus is quite large, and in adults it can reach 10 cubic centimeters.

In the photo: the roots of the teeth at the bottom of the maxillary sinus

Such a sinus, or sinus, is not airtight. It has a connection with the nasal cavity through a narrow slit.

Usually perforation of the maxillary sinus occurs in the area of \u200b\u200bits bottom. This is facilitated by some of its features:

1. The close location of the roots of molars and premolars. In some cases, the thickness of the bone layer between the dental roots and the floor of the maxillary sinus can be relatively large - up to 1 cm, but in some people the bone boundary between these formations is very thin - no more than 1 mm.
2. Sometimes the roots of the first and second molars are located in the sinus cavity itself, separated from it by just a layer of mucous membrane.
3. Rapid thinning of the bone layer in the presence of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases: periodontitis, periodontitis, cysts.
4. Relatively thin bony trabeculae in the upper jaw tissue.

All this predisposes to the occurrence of perforation during dental procedures, even if the treatment technique was not violated, and the doctor did not apply significant traumatic force.

Causes of perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus

The etiology of maxillary sinus perforations is always associated with any dental procedures. Perforation can occur:

• when removing teeth;
• with endodontic treatment;
• with root resection.

When teeth are removed, damage to the bottom of the maxillary sinus can be the result of both the rough actions of the dentist or his failure to comply with medical tactics, and the result of the anatomical features of the patient himself (for example, when the dental roots are located directly in the sinus cavity).

In the photo: the dental root is located near the bottom of the maxillary sinus, which increases the likelihood of perforation during removal

During endodontic treatment, one of the complications is root perforation, which is often combined with damage and perforation of the maxillary sinus floor. This happens when the root canals are overexpanded, when brute force is used to insert pins, or when filling cement is compacted. With this variant of perforation of the maxillary sinus, the penetration of filling material or root fragments into its cavity almost always occurs.

If perforation occurs at the time of insertion of a dental implant (it can be an implant of any brand, for example, Mis, Nobel, Xive, etc.) or during root canal filling, insertion of pins into the dental root, then it is always a therapeutic error. doctor's tactics.

Damage to the floor of the maxillary sinus is a serious complication of the implantation of artificial roots into the bone tissue during prosthetics. This is due to the fact that after tooth extraction, the bone tissue undergoes dystrophy processes very quickly. And as a result, there is a decrease in the height of the alveolar process of the jaw. If the doctor does not take this point into account and does the wrong preparation before implantation, and also incorrectly selects the size of the implant, then the risk of sinus perforation is very high.

Dental root resection is a method of treatment in the presence of cysts in the area of \u200b\u200bits apex. In case of under-examination of the patient, when the doctor does not know the exact size of the bone plate separating the bottom of the sinus from the cyst wall, and also if a large volume of the jaw bone is required to be removed, then perforation of the maxillary sinus is not uncommon.

Perforation symptoms

If perforation of the nasal sinus occurred at the time of tooth extraction, then its symptoms will be quite specific:

1. The appearance of small air bubbles in the blood secreted from the tooth socket, the number of which increases with a sharp forced exhalation through the nose.
2. The appearance of bloody discharge from the nose on the side of the perforated maxillary sinus.
3. Change in the timbre of the patient's voice, the appearance of "nasal".

Sometimes the patient begins to complain about the passage of air through the hole after tooth extraction, as well as a feeling of heaviness or pressure in the projection of the sinus of the upper jaw.

The photo shows the perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus after tooth extraction

If perforation of the maxillary sinus occurs during implantation or during endodontic treatment, then the doctor may suspect it by:

• the characteristic failure of an instrument or implantable element after applying some effort to advance it;
• changing the position of the instrument in the wound;
• the appearance of small air bubbles in the blood.

If the perforation of the maxillary sinus for any reason was not diagnosed and treated immediately, then its cavity becomes infected with the development of a clinic of acute sinusitis or sinusitis, which is characterized by symptoms such as:

• severe acute pain in the maxillary sinus area;
• swelling of the nasal mucosa on the corresponding side with impaired breathing through the nose;
• the appearance of purulent discharge from the nose.

The appearance of general symptoms of intoxication is also characteristic: headaches, chills, high fever, weakness.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus during tooth extraction is based on a typical clinical picture. In doubtful cases, as well as if such a complication is suspected during implantation or endodontic manipulations, it is necessary to use instrumental diagnostic methods:

1. Probing the socket of the extracted tooth or perforated canal with a thin probe... This allows you to determine that there is no bone bottom in the wound. At the same time, the instrument freely passes through soft tissues and does not encounter obstacles in its path.
2. X-ray of the sinus area... In this case, in the images, you can find both a darkening of the cavity due to the accumulation of blood in it, and fragments of dental roots, implants or filling material. Sometimes it is advisable to conduct radiography with contrast, when a contrast agent is injected into the cavity through a perforated fistula.
3. CT scan, which allows you to identify perforations and the presence of foreign bodies in the sinus with maximum accuracy.
4. If old perforations are suspected, general clinical blood tests, the result of which may indicate the presence of an active focus of infection in the body.

Treatment

Treatment of maxillary sinus floor perforations depends on what changes are in the sinus cavity itself.

Treatment without surgery is possible only in cases where perforation occurred during tooth extraction and was detected immediately, and according to X-ray data, there are no signs of infection of the sinus cavity or the presence of even minor foreign bodies in it. With this option, the doctor's tactics is to preserve the blood clot formed in the hole as carefully as possible, as well as to prevent its infection. To do this, a small gauze swab soaked in iodine solution is inserted into the lower part of the hole. Usually it is self-firmly fixed in the wound cavity, but sometimes suturing is required on the gum. Such iodine treatment continues for at least 6-7 days - until the formation of full-fledged granulations and closure of the defect. In this case, the tampon is not removed from the hole, so as not to damage the blood clot.

It is also possible to temporarily close the defect with a small plastic plate, which is fixed on the adjacent teeth with clasps. It separates the oral cavity and sinus cavity, which promotes healing of the perforation.

At the same time, a course of preventive measures is prescribed, aimed at preventing the development of inflammatory complications. It includes taking antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, drops with a vasoconstrictor effect. Such a course is carried out on an outpatient basis or at home.

If, during perforation, foreign bodies penetrate into the sinus (implant, filling material, tooth root fragment), then the treatment is carried out only in a hospital setting. In this case, an operation is indicated with the opening of the maxillary sinus cavity, removal of a foreign body and non-viable tissues, followed by plastic closure of the perforated defect.

Old perforations

If the perforation of the sinus of the upper jaw was not detected and eliminated in a timely manner, then after 2-4 weeks the stage of acute manifestations will subside, and a fistula will form in the area of \u200b\u200bthe defect, connecting the sinus cavity with the gum surface.

This process is simultaneously accompanied by symptoms of chronic sinusitis:

• constant dull pain in the sinus with irradiation into the eye socket, temple;
• nasal congestion from the side of the lesion;
• purulent discharge from the nasal cavity, as well as from the fistulous opening;
• sometimes patients have swelling of the cheek on the side of the damaged sinus.

Most patients also complain about the sensation of air movement through the fistula when talking or sneezing, difficulty in pronouncing some sounds, as well as the ingress of liquid food from the mouth into the nasal cavity.

The treatment of such chronic perforations with fistulas presents some difficulties, since the presence of a chronic focus of inflammation in the maxillary sinus significantly reduces the effectiveness of therapy and quite often leads to relapse and re-formation of the fistulous canal.

Such patients are shown surgical intervention, which includes opening the maxillary sinus with the removal of all nonviable tissues and foreign bodies from its cavity, excision of the fistula and plastic closure of the defect. After removal of the fistula, antibiotics are prescribed for a course of 10-14 days, with the simultaneous administration of anti-inflammatory and antihistamines, and the use of physiotherapeutic methods of treatment.

Consequences of perforation

Maxillary sinus perforation is a rather serious pathology that often has to be treated in a hospital. Attempts to treat it independently with folk remedies at home without medical assistance can lead to the development of serious and dangerous consequences:

1. The development of a pronounced inflammatory reaction in the sinus cavity with the transition of infection to the surrounding bone tissue and the formation of foci of osteomyelitis of the upper jaw.
2. The spread of inflammation to other sinuses of the skull (frontal, wedge-shaped and ethmoid).
3. Loss of healthy teeth located in the area of \u200b\u200buntreated perforation.
4. Formation of purulent foci (abscesses, phlegmon).

Due to the close location of the maxillary sinus and the brain, after perforation, the infection may spread to the meninges with the development of meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which threatens the patient's life.

Preventive actions

Prevention of perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus consists of:

• in a full examination of the patient before carrying out complex dental procedures;
• in the correct assessment of the anatomical and topographic features of each person;
• in strict adherence to the technology of medical manipulations.

Timely identification of signs of perforation and its adequate treatment is the key to a favorable outcome for the patient. Improper therapeutic tactics or self-medication can aggravate the course of such a complication and cause the development of severe negative consequences.

Sometimes patients confuse a dental cyst with a granuloma, for example, or other diseases similar in their symptoms. Therefore, today we will tell you in detail: what is a tooth cyst and how to treat it?

A cyst is a formation at the root of a tooth with liquid or suppuration, most often it forms deep in the gums due to complications of dental diseases and is rather painful, sorry for the tautology. It can affect both the main row of teeth and the eights (wisdom teeth).

Why does a cyst form? The main causes of occurrence

A cyst on a tooth appears as a result of the activity of harmful microorganisms in a closed tooth space. Conditionally, the causes of cysts can be divided into several types:

• after a severe course of dental diseases, their incorrect treatment or its absence (caries, pulpitis, periodontitis);
• complications after implantation, filling, etc. In this case, the crown or fillings can be removed in order to eliminate not only the cyst itself, but also the cause of its occurrence - the accumulation of harmful organisms under the dental insert;
• teething complications, especially with wisdom teeth. The fact is that a tooth that erupts can injure the periodontal tissue, which leads to disease;
• mechanical damage to the dental body, as a result of which microorganisms enter the wound;
• diseases of the nasopharynx (for example, sinusitis or tonsillitis), which can result in an infection in the oral cavity. In this case, it is necessary to treat both the nasopharynx itself and get rid of the formed cyst.

Other factors, or several of the above, can also contribute to the onset of a cyst. Establishing the cause will help both in the treatment of an existing disease, and in the process of preventing the appearance of new similar formations.

Kinds

A dental cyst can be classified according to several, the most characteristic parameters, which can be conditionally divided into the following groups or types:

1. By the nature of the disease:

• Inflammatory:
  a) Resedual - after tooth extraction surgery, are the most common.
  b) Retromolar - with complex teething of wisdom teeth.
  c) Radicular - cysts located on or near the tooth root.
• Non-inflammatory:
  a) With complex teething - in contrast to retromolar cysts, these are most often manifested in childhood.
  b) Follicular cysts - contain the germ of a permanent tooth, they most often arise in the course of insufficient or poor-quality medical care of milk teeth.

1. By origin:

• odontogenic - cysts caused by dental diseases;
• non-odontogenic - the reason for the appearance lies in problems not associated with the teeth or the oral cavity.

1. By location:

• frontal teeth;
• wisdom teeth and the like;
• teeth adjacent to the roots of the maxillary sinuses.

Tooth cyst: symptoms and consequences

Experts note that diagnosing a cyst, especially at the early stages of its development, is a rather complicated process. The fact is that at first, it actually does not manifest itself in any way, and the first sensations of discomfort come when it reaches impressive sizes.

At the same time, it should be noted that the formation of a cyst is a long process. This conceals both the dangers and the positive aspects, which are that the patient has the opportunity to identify the symptoms that portend the appearance of this disease and turn to the dentist in time, which will greatly facilitate the treatment process.

The most common symptoms are:

• gradually increasing swelling on the gums near the tooth root. The process of enlargement is usually not very rapid, however, quite noticeable;
• if a cyst forms in the area of \u200b\u200bthe maxillary sinus, then the patient will feel headaches, which often do not go away even after taking medications;
• occurrence, which is a kind of tunnel, which informs about the epicenter of inflammation with the outer surface of the gums;
• with an inflammatory process, a general increase in the temperature of the whole body is possible, or in the area of \u200b\u200bcyst formation.

The symptoms are quite general, as you have noticed, so we strongly recommend that you visit your dentist more often, who can diagnose a cyst in the early stages using an X-ray, the most accurate way to determine the disease.

The dangerous thing about a cyst is that the patient may not be aware of the existing problem for a long time, because of which it can give great complications, which will make the process of its treatment more difficult.

What does a cyst look like on a tooth? Photo and X-ray

It is difficult for an inexperienced person to detect a cyst with the naked eye. When it becomes visually noticeable, this means that it is already at the final stage of its development, has very large dimensions, and the pain from it becomes intolerable, sharp and noticeable.

The gums in this place can be noticeably reddened, stand out in color from healthy areas, and swell significantly. An inflammatory cyst may appear pale yellow or gray with a red rim at the edges.

For dentists, the main diagnostic method remains an x-ray, on which a dental cyst has the shape of a roundish dark spot of different sizes, depending on the stage and course of the disease. This spot is located at the root of the tooth, at its highest point and has fairly clear contours.

Tooth cyst treatment

Typically, patients who have a cyst , find out about its presence when it has already become inflamed or has given complications in the maxillary sinuses . At the same time, pain occurs, severe discomfort in the oral cavity, which prompts a person to see a doctor.

Dentists, however, often cannot say with complete certainty whether a person has a cyst on a tooth and are sent for an x-ray, which confirms the diagnosis or refutes it. If the dentist doubts the origin of the cyst, he sends the patient to its puncture and appropriate tests, which should establish whether the disease has an oncological origin.

After all these procedures, the doctor can already start treatment, it can be both surgical and therapeutic.

Surgical intervention

Many patients believe that in order to get rid of a cyst, it is necessary to remove the tooth on which it appeared, but this is not entirely true. Indeed, several years ago it was a necessary measure, but now such a turn of events can be avoided thanks to the resection (removal) of the tooth root on which the cyst is located. In this case, the remaining root is filled, and the surgical canal, through which the cyst was removed, is processed and sutured.

Nevertheless, the treatment process does not end there, since the stitches still need to be removed and the wound healing must be monitored. You also need to make sure there are no cyst residues at the site of the operation, for this you need to do a second X-ray.

Removal of the root together with the cyst is not always possible, and complete tooth extraction is often necessary, this method is used when the cyst is in a hard-to-reach place and the disease is rather difficult. After its removal, the patient still experiences discomfort and pain for a long time; he should regularly visit the doctor.

Therapy, using a laser

The therapeutic method is the process of influencing the focus of the disease without surgery, but with the help of injections and rinsing, but this method of treatment is applicable only to small cysts.

1. During therapy, the canal is opened, which leads to the cyst and pus is pumped out from there.
2. The canal is not filled for up to 10 days; in parallel, the patient must rinse the mouth and the affected area with antiseptic tinctures.
3. After that, the dental canals are treated with special medications, and the tooth is filled.

Laser removal

With this method of treatment, the dental canal is opened and the place where the cyst is located is treated with a laser, thus not only the cyst bubble is destroyed, but also many harmful organisms. The advantages of this method of treatment include the fact that there is no risk of infection in the affected area, and the healing process is much faster.

Home treatment without removal

There is an opinion that the cyst can be removed independently with folk remedies without a visit to the dentist, but this can only apply to the granuloma, and not to the cyst, because, unlike the latter, the granuloma does not have a hard capsule and can dissolve on its own. The cyst can be removed only in the dental office, and it will not be possible to do without an operation.

However, this does not mean that it is impossible to help treat the cyst at home. The fact is that with the inflammatory process that accompanies this disease, the gums need an antiseptic effect. Eucalyptus, calendula perfectly possess this effect. Of course, these measures are purely auxiliary.

Tinctures and folk remedies with the same antiseptic effect can be effectively used after resection of the tooth root and the tooth itself in order to remove the cyst. The fact is that after these operations there is also a significant risk of inflammation and relapse of the disease.

Can tooth cysts be treated with antibiotics?

In therapeutic treatment, broad-spectrum antibiotics are often used. They are auxiliary agents and help to cope with inflammatory processes in soft tissues, facilitate the course of the disease as a whole.

In the case of a cyst, the use of any antibiotics should be prescribed by a doctor and carried out under his close supervision. The most commonly used drugs are:

• tetracycline - once the most popular antibiotic in the treatment of dental cysts, comes from the group of tetracyclines, has now given way to other drugs;
• cyphroploxacin - the most popular antibiotic after tetracycline;
• amoxicillin - has the best antimicrobial effect, which greatly facilitates the passage of the cyst at any stage of the disease.

Sometimes local antibiotics are also used, but the difficulty lies in the impossibility of their uniform application to the diseased surface. In any case, what antibiotics and how many times they should be taken should be determined by the doctor, based on the circumstances of each individual disease.

Cyst under the crown: what to do?

The appearance of a disease under the crown is most often the result of incorrect or incorrect installation of the crown itself. As a result, harmful microorganisms begin to actively multiply in the gap between the tooth and the gum.

What is being done to prevent this from happening?

• with a small cyst, there is no need to remove the crown, and the treatment takes place without direct surgical intervention;
• with sizes of 8 mm or more, there is a risk of tooth loss, however, modern methods of treatment allow you to save the tooth. To do this, it is necessary to open the tooth, treat the canals with special preparations that should eliminate the cyst, after a while the crown is installed back;
• if this method of treatment does not help, they resort to resection;
• in especially severe cases, the tooth must be removed.

In order not to lose a tooth along with a crown, it is necessary to regularly consult a doctor and, at the first symptoms, go to an appointment with a dentist.

Video: how to treat a tooth cyst and what is it?

Prevention

In order to prevent the appearance of a cyst, you must adhere to simple but effective rules for caring for the oral cavity:

1. Do not start diseases such as caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, treat them systemically and until complete recovery.
2. Prevent the appearance of dental plaque and its transformation into tartar.
3. Monitor the condition of the oral cavity after operations and injuries.
4. Regularly visit the dentist, monitor the condition of the filled teeth, implants, etc.

Also, you can regularly take x-rays of the teeth, especially in cases where there are long-established fillings and crowns. Over time, harmful microorganisms tend to accumulate under them, leading to the appearance of a cyst, which even experienced dentists cannot always determine.

Translated from Greek, the word "cyst" means a bubble. In fact, this is nothing more than a dense formation filled with liquid contents, mainly dead bacteria and epithelial cells. It can be of various sizes - from a few millimeters to several centimeters. A small tooth cyst or granuloma usually measures up to 0.5 centimeters. However, if you do not deal with it in a timely manner, it begins to grow and rapidly increase in size.

A tooth root cyst occurs most often as a result of infection in the root canals. Inside the sore, an inflammatory process occurs, the spread of which is prevented by the thick walls of the cyst. As a result of the constant growth of this tooth disease, the replacement of bone tissue around the root occurs, which seriously threatens the patient's health.

The assumption that the cyst is not dangerous is erroneous - in fact, it can cause very serious complications, up to degeneration into a cancerous tumor.

Patients are often interested in how quickly a tooth cyst grows. We hasten to reassure you - it does not arise from day to day, it takes a long time to form, grows, therefore, with a systematic examination, the dentist has every chance to recognize the formation of the disease in time.

Reasons for the appearance

The causes of a cyst can be very diverse, ranging from getting inside the canal of infection and ending with an unsuccessful injury to the tooth or jaw.

• due to infection inside the root canal as a result of poor-quality treatment;
• as a result of unscrupulous endodontic treatment;
• due to a previous illness, in which pathogenic bacteria entered the gums along with the bloodstream;
• as a complication of chronic sinusitis;
• the presence of chronic inflammatory processes under the crown;
• as a result of the patient having chronic periodontitis;
• after a difficult eruption of wisdom teeth.

However, despite a rather impressive list of reasons, in fact they all boil down to two main ones - infection of the root canals and injury to the tooth or jaw. Therefore, you should avoid situations in which injury is possible. You should not, for example, gnaw the shell of nuts, as frequent microtrauma can also provoke the formation of a cyst. Trust the treatment of your teeth only to experienced professionals so as not to become a victim of poor-quality treatment, as a result of which an infection has penetrated into the root canals, causing an inflammatory process that can lead to disease over time.

Symptoms

A particular insidiousness and danger of the disease lies in the fact that the first signs of a tooth cyst usually appear even when it reaches a large size. As a rule, in the early stages, the disease is asymptomatic, without manifesting itself. Moreover, the sooner the disease is detected, the easier and more effective its treatment. Therefore, the patient must carefully monitor the condition of his teeth and gums and pay attention to deviations from the norm, at the first alarming symptoms, making an appointment with the dentist.

A tooth cyst of the upper or lower jaw does not form in one day or even in one week. Therefore, the patient usually has enough time to pay attention to the symptoms of concern. Look for the following signs:

• discomfort when biting solid food;
• the formation of a tubercle on the gum on the projection of the tooth root, which over time increases in size and protrudes;
• pain during eating;
• general weakness and malaise, increased body temperature;
• the formation of a flux or sinus tract.

Most of the symptoms appear already at a late stage of cyst formation, when it reaches a fairly large size and grows with roots in the maxillary sinus, causing severe headaches.

Toothache with a cyst is usually not as intense as with caries and appears in the later stages of the disease. Inflammation causes more pronounced symptoms, such as severe pain in the affected tooth, the formation of an acute inflammatory process, flux. Usually, it is with an exacerbation of a cyst that attention is paid to it.

A severely overgrown cyst causes pressure on the surrounding tissue, causing discomfort when pressing on the gum or biting off solid food.

The only reliable diagnostic method is. It often happens that a cyst is discovered by chance, making an X-ray and detecting a neoplasm.

The consequences of the appearance

The consequences can be very diverse, ranging from the destruction of the roots of the teeth and ending with the formation of cancerous tumors. Periodically, the gum cyst is activated, inflamed, a flux forms on the cheek, the patient's general condition deteriorates sharply, severe toothaches and headaches appear. Moreover, even banal hypothermia, a cold or severe stress can become an impetus for an exacerbation of the disease.

If the cyst was not found in a timely manner and it has grown greatly, while destroying the jaw, even a spontaneous fracture of the jaw may occur. Fortunately, this happens extremely rarely, and you can avoid such consequences by systematically contacting your dentist and checking the condition of your teeth.

If pyogenic bacteria penetrate into the cyst cavity, an acute inflammatory process may occur, which threatens with the occurrence of osteomyelitis, forms a fistula on the gum or cheek, through which purulent exudate outflow occurs.

Patients are also interested in whether a malignant tooth cyst can occur. In fact, it is a benign lesion and in itself does not pose a direct threat to the patient's life. But over time, if left untreated, it can provoke oncology. Therefore, one should not be frivolous about the formation of granulomas or cysts.

What a cyst looks like in the picture

As already mentioned, the only reliable method for diagnosing a cyst is x-ray examination... In the picture, it looks like a dark rounded or oval spot that is clearly outlined. Usually located at the apex of the tooth root. It is simply impossible to make a mistake with the diagnosis, even a novice dentist can easily recognize the disease on an x-ray.

The only exception is a tooth cyst, which is not visible on x-rays. This usually happens if not the entire root of the tooth is in the field of view of the X-ray image, and is located partially outside the edge of the image. In this case, if the doctor suspects the presence of a cyst or granuloma, a second image should be taken, which would fully display the entire root system of the suspicious tooth, as well as the neighboring ones.

Complications

A cyst not detected in a timely manner grows over time, destroying bone tissue and replacing it with connective tissue formations. In this case, complications can lead to its loss. Most often, dentists record the following complications:

• melting of the jaw bone tissue;
• purulent inflammation of the cyst;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• chronic sinusitis;
• the formation of an abscess on the gum or cheek;
• spontaneous fracture of the jaw as a result of severe cyst growth and thinning of the bone;
• phlegmon of the neck;
• sepsis.

As you can see, some complications directly threaten the patient's life. Therefore, if you have a tooth cyst hurts, you should immediately contact your dentist - perhaps you have purulent inflammation.

If a patient is diagnosed with a tooth cyst, and he complains of the smell of pus in the nose, this may be a sign of both the onset of a purulent inflammatory process, and that the disease has grown into the maxillary sinuses. In any case, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Prevention

Unfortunately, in nature there are no specific preventive measures, the adherence to which could completely protect the patient from the formation of a dental cyst. However, following some advice can still significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease.

1. Visit your dentist regularly twice a year and do not refuse X-ray examinations if the doctor insists. Remember: a cyst can only be detected with an X-ray.
2. You need to monitor the health of your teeth. The formation of chronic inflammatory processes should not be allowed.
3. Avoid injuring your teeth and jaw.
4. Watch out for any discomfort in your mouth, even if the pain is short-lived or mild.
5. Monitor the condition of teeth that were previously pulped.

Having a permanent dentist will also help you prevent cysts from developing. The fact is that the doctor who has been dealing with your teeth for many years knows well the condition of your teeth and gums. He has access to all of your X-rays, medical records describing the work performed. Possession of this information will help an experienced physician to prevent the possibility of the onset of the disease and diagnose it at an early stage of education.

Never skimp on the quality of treatment and dental filling - if it is filled thoroughly and with good materials, this will prevent further infection from penetrating into the tooth.

Some patients fear the cyst is not curable. In fact, this is not the case. Modern methods of treatment allow not only to completely get rid of the disease, but also to keep the tooth intact - provided that you consult a doctor in time. Timely resection of a tooth cyst allows you to forget about the previous disease forever. After removal, the doctor will tell you how to relieve swelling and pain.

A systematic visit to a doctor, thorough oral hygiene, timely treatment of diseased teeth and a systematic X-ray examination of the teeth will help you to get rid of the fear of developing a cyst forever. And even if it nevertheless appears, in spite of everything, early diagnosis will allow you to get rid of it in the shortest possible time in a therapeutic way, without removing a tooth and carrying out a variety of surgical interventions.

Removing a tooth is not a very pleasant procedure, but it can be complicated and last longer than the prescribed period.

Complications include the extraction of a tooth with a cyst at the root.

A cyst is a fairly common disease in which, at the top of the tooth root, in the bone tissue, a cavity round bladder appears, filled with pus and lined with a fibrous membrane.

These are, as a rule, the consequences of infectious inflammation of the root canals of the tooth.

Indications and contraindications

Modern medicine, and in particular dentistry, have many methods of conservative treatment, but with a cyst, this is sometimes the only way out of the conditions.

The disease is often asymptomatic, the cyst does not hurt, does not make itself felt in any way. Therefore, it is detected when it is too late to start treatment, and only a surgical route is possible.

In this case, the tooth is removed for only two reasons:

1. when the root has grown into a cyst;
2. when the tooth root is completely destroyed.

In other cases, the tooth is retained and the cyst is treated.

Relative contraindications include:

1. any infection of the body;
2. insufficient blood clotting (this includes menstruation);
3. the first and last three months of pregnancy (the operation is performed only in the second trimester);
4. heart and vascular diseases, myocardial infarction and stroke;
5. diseases of the central nervous system and mental illness.

But, as already mentioned, these are relative. After the patient recovers, a planned removal operation will be performed.

Any delay is fraught with complications, when the patient's life will be in danger - all contraindications will be immediately removed by the dental surgeon.

Features of tooth extraction with a cyst

From the foregoing, it is clear that the tooth is pulled out not because of a cyst, but far-reaching complications. At the same time, purulent inflammation is only a complicating factor.

Treatment of a tooth cyst can be conservative (therapeutic) and surgical

The difference between the removal on the topic of this article and the banal removal is that after the operation, the surgeon spends more time eliminating all traces of infection. First of all, he completely cleans the cavity of pus, and then treats it with an antiseptic.

After such a procedure, a hole in the gum remains larger than usual. After that, the patient will have to come for a routine examination and a soda solution much more often. After all, the infection during the operation may not be completely removed.

Types of surgery to remove a tooth with a cyst

There are three types of these operations:

• simple;
• complex;
• partial.

In surgical dentistry, operations are generally divided into simple and complex, depending on whether the tooth is intact or not. If it is completely intact, it is a simple operation. For her, it is enough only to locally anesthetize the tooth and pull it out with ticks. After that, the cyst is excised and the place is disinfected with an antiseptic.

Difficult extraction is due to the fact that the tooth has to be extracted in parts, dividing it into sections. Partial removal, or hemisection, is difficult. In this case, a part of the tooth separated by the drill is removed. The purpose of this operation is to preserve the tooth for future prosthetics.

After the surgeon pulled out the tooth, it is not necessary to warm the cheek with a compress for pain relief, as this can contribute to infection.

Removing a tooth with a cyst: consequences

There are two types of complications after removal:

1. Alveolitis - This is the most common complication after tooth extraction with a cyst. Infection occurs through an open hole, it becomes inflamed and suppuration begins with a characteristic odor. Alveolitis is accompanied by high fever and pain at the site of removal. For treatment, it is required to rinse the hole with an antiseptic at a doctor and rinse it with a soda solution at home.
2. Ostiomyelitis Is an inflammatory disease of the periosteum, manifested by severe swelling after tooth extraction. At the same time, the temperature rises to febrile values; pressure either rises or falls; asthenic reactions appear; severe toothache and headache, swollen lymph nodes; insomnia and weakness; not good enough blood and urine tests. For the treatment of ostiomyelitis, an urgent need to see a doctor. He will cut and clean the hole after which you will need to take antibiotics and vitamins.

In order to prevent such complications from appearing, you need to check with your dentist what to do after removing a tooth with a cyst. As a rule, after the operation, it is advised to rinse your mouth with a solution of soda at every meal and observe basic hygiene rules.

Features of prosthetics after removal

After tooth extraction, the question arises of further prosthetics.

If there is nowhere to put the crown, then, and if partially - to prosthetics.

Implantation is complicated by the fact that infection may still remain in the affected area.

Therefore, you should make sure that all bacteria and germs have been killed and the hole is completely tightened. In this case, implantation takes longer than usual and goes through more stages.

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