Levomycetin eye drops for children: reviews and instructions. "Chloramphenicol" (eye drops): price in pharmacies, instructions for use, analogues Drops from a tablet of chloramphenicol

Content

The drug Levomycetin is an antibacterial medication based on chloramphenicol. The drug exhibits antibiotic action, has a wide range of applications. The drug is produced by Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian pharmaceutical companies. Read the instructions for use of the product in order to know about its method of use, indications.

Composition and form of release

Levomycetin (Levomycetin) is presented in the form of tablets, liniment, eye drops and alcohol solution. Their composition:

	Eye drops	Pills		Liniment
Description	Clear liquid	White round tablets	Clear liquid	Homogeneous ointment
Chloramphenicol concentration, mg		250 or 500 for 1 pc. (prolonged action - 650 mg)	0.25, 1, 3 or 5%
Supporting components	Water, boric acid	Calcium stearate, potato starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone		Vaseline oil, methyluracil, cetostearyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, propylene glycol

Properties of Levomycetin

Bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol develops extremely slowly. The active substance of the drug blocks the polymerization of activated amino acid residues associated with mRNA. When applied topically, the agent reaches the desired concentration in the secretions of the eyes, vitreous fibers, iris and cornea, does not penetrate the lens. The drug passes through the placenta barrier and is found in breast milk.

After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed, has 80% bioavailability, binds to plasma proteins by 55%. The metabolism of the drug occurs in the liver, intestines, the half-life is 1.5-3.5 hours, it is excreted in the urine, feces and bile. The therapeutic concentration of chloramphenicol in the blood is maintained for 4-5 hours after administration, up to a third of the dose taken into the bile penetrates. The highest concentration of Levomycetin is found in the kidneys and liver. The medication is poorly subjected to hemodialysis.

Levomycetin - antibiotic or not

The active substance of the composition of Levomycetin is an antibiotic, its action is associated with a violation of the synthesis of proteins of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The drug shows activity against staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, spirochetes, and some large viruses.

The drug kills microflora resistant to streptomycins, penicillins and sulfonamides. The antibiotic Levomycetin relieves inflammation, treats infections of any tissues and organs, subject to the sensitivity of the microflora. The drug belongs to antibacterial agents of synthetic origin, it is identical to the product that streptomycete microbes produce during their vital activity.

Indications for use

Levomycetin is actively used to treat various diseases. The instruction highlights the following indications:

• typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever;
• dysentery;
• bronchopneumonia;
• sinusitis;
• brucellosis;
• coccidosis;
• laryngotracheitis;
• mycoplasmosis;
• osteomyelitis;
• tularemia;
• whooping cough;
• typhus;
• rickettsiosis, yersiniosis;
• brain abscess;
• chlamydia, inguinal lymphogranuloma;
• purulent peritonitis, ehrlichiosis;
• sepsis, meningitis;
• trachoma, pneumonia;
• purulent skin lesions, bedsores, wounds;
• boils, burns of 2 and 3 degrees;
• cracked nipples while breastfeeding;
• scleritis, blepharitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, keratoconjunctivitis;
• purulent otitis media.

How to take Levomycetin

Instructions for the use of Levomycetin indicate that the drug should be used when the disease is caused by microbes sensitive to chloramphenicol. The medicine is ineffective against fungi, viruses. The dosage, the method of use and the duration of the course of treatment with the medication depend on the type of disease, the age of the patient and his individual characteristics, the severity of the disease.

For oral administration, tablets and capsules of Levomycetin are intended. The dosage for adults is 500 mg 3-4 times a day. According to the instructions, a single dose for children under three years old is 15 mg / kg of body weight, 3–8 years old - 150–200 mg, over 8 years old - 200–400 mg. All doses are taken 3-4 times a day for a course of 7-10 days. The maximum dose for adults is 2000 mg per day.

In severe cases (peritonitis, typhoid fever), the daily dosage can be increased to 3-4 g in a course of up to 10 days. For diarrhea caused by food poisoning or bacterial infection, take 1 pill before meals. every 4-6 hours. If, after taking the first 500 mg tablet, the symptoms of diarrhea have passed, the second and subsequent ones should not be taken. For cystitis, the drug is taken in the usual dosage every 3-4 hours.

Levomycetin solution

According to the instructions, Levomycetin in ampoules is applied externally to lubricate damaged skin. From above, you can use an occlusive dressing. With purulent otitis media, it is allowed to bury the solution in the ears at a dosage of 1-2 ml per day. Nipple cracks are treated with a solution diluted in a 1: 4 ratio with water after each feeding. Treatment should not last longer than five consecutive days. Do not use injection solution.

The drug can be used for acne, because chloramphenicol suppresses the processes of infection and inflammation. For skin treatment, use a 1% solution, which is applied pointwise to avoid overdrying the skin and the appearance of purulent areas. The tool is used from the moment the acne appears until it disappears, it is not recommended to use it prophylactically. It is allowed to combine the solution with Aspirin, calendula tincture, boric acid, salicylic acid, streptocide, camphor alcohol and ethanol. Talkers are made of them.

Drops

Levomycetin in the form of eye drops is introduced into the conjunctival sac, 0.1 ml 3-4 times a day for a course of 5-15 days. When applying, you must follow the instructions: tilt your head back, pull the lower eyelid towards the cheeks, without touching the eyelid with the tip of the bottle, add a drop of medicine into the formed cavity. After instillation, the outer corner of the eye should be pressed with a finger and try not to blink for half a minute. In the first 28 days of a newborn's life, it is allowed to use the drug for health reasons.

According to the instructions, for purulent otitis media, the solution is instilled 2-3 drops 1-2 times a day. If a lot of exudate is released from the ear canal, which washes away the medicine, the frequency of application can be increased up to 4 times per day. With barley, the use of drops can accelerate the ripening of barley, relieve redness and pain, and shorten the recovery period by 2-3 days. 1-2 drops are instilled into each eye 2-6 times a day. If severe pain is felt, Levomycetin can be used every hour.

Liniment

According to the instructions, the use of Levomycetin liniment is indicated for infectious lesions of the skin and soft tissues. The ointment is applied to a gauze swab or directly to the skin, a bandage is applied on top, compress or parchment paper can be used for laying. The dressing is repeated every 1–5 days, depending on the patient's condition. It is necessary to apply liniment after cleansing the wound or burn from pus, dead tissue, treatment with an antiseptic (it is allowed to use Miramistin, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide or furacilin solution).

When treating wounds, liniment is applied once a day, burns - 2-3 times a week, bacterial lesions - 1-2 times a day with a thin layer. If possible, the ointment should be rubbed until completely absorbed, grab the treatment site and healthy skin around. Damp areas can be pre-blotted with a sterile gauze pad. A single dose of liniment is 250–750 mg, the daily dose is 1–2 g. On the cracks of the nipples during breastfeeding, the ointment is applied in a thick layer over a sterile napkin.

special instructions

The drug is used with caution in patients who have previously been treated with cytostatics or are undergoing radiation therapy. Other special instructions from the instructions:

1. The combination of Levomycetin with alcohol intake can lead to disulfiram-like reactions. Symptoms include seizures, redness of the skin, reflex cough, tachycardia, vomiting, and nausea.
2. During treatment, you need to regularly donate blood for analysis.
3. The drug can be used in veterinary practice. The drug is prescribed for salmonellosis, colibacillosis, colienteritis, leptospirosis and infections of the urinary tract, lungs in birds, cats, dogs. The tablets are added to the feed and given to the animals.

During pregnancy

The use of chloramphenicol is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). If the drug is prescribed according to the vital indications of a nursing mother, then the child is transferred to artificial feeding. If indicated, eye drops can be used during pregnancy and lactation, but on condition that the dosages do not exceed those indicated in the instructions.

For children

The use of chloramphenicol is used with caution in newborns, because the development of gray cardiovascular syndrome is possible. It manifests itself in a gray-blue skin color, flatulence, cardiovascular failure, nausea, dyspnea, hypothermia, cyanosis. Children's dosage of tablets will be 25-100 mg / kg per day, for children under one year of age, the dose is calculated at 6.25 mg / kg up to 4 times a day. Babies over 14 days old can be prescribed 12.5 mg / kg of body weight per dose every 6 hours.

With severe infections, meningitis, the dosage is increased to 75-100 mg / kg per day. Children can be given Levomycetin to relieve intestinal disorders. According to the instructions, the dose at the age of 3-8 years will be 375-500 mg per day, over eight years - 750-1000 mg. Eye drops are instilled dropwise into the conjunctival sac every 6-8 hours. With barley, drops are contraindicated for up to 10 years. The solution is not used in children under one year old, liniment - in premature and newborn babies.

Drug interactions

The combination of Levomycetin with oral hypoglycemic drugs leads to an increase in their effect by suppressing their metabolism in the liver and increasing the level in blood plasma. Other drug interactions from the instructions:

1. The simultaneous use of a medication with drugs that inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis enhances their effect.
2. The combination of chloramphenicol with Lincomycin, Clindamycin, Erythromycin leads to a mutual weakening of the effect due to the first displacement of the active components of antibiotics from the bound state.
3. Levomycetin prevents the bactericidal effect of penicillins.
4. The active substance of the composition weakens the metabolism of Warfarin, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin.
5. It is not recommended to combine the drug with sulfonamides, since the inhibitory effect on hematopoiesis is enhanced.

Side effects of Levomycetin

The use of the medication can show side effects. The pages of the instruction indicate negative reactions:

• aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia;
• flatulence, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dyspepsia;
• auditory and visual hallucinations, peripheral neuritis, delirium, confusion, headache, depression;
• rhinitis;
• intestinal dysbiosis (an increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms);
• angioedema, skin rash, urticaria;
• skin irritation, dermatitis.

The use of doses over 3 g per day for a long time leads to an overdose of Levomycetin, which is manifested by complications from hematopoiesis, pallor of the skin, weakness, hyperthermia, fatigue, sore throat, bleeding, hemorrhages. Overdose in newborns leads to the appearance of cardivascular (gray) syndrome, manifested by bloating, vomiting, acidosis, collapse, coma.

40% of cases of intoxication end in death. The reason is the accumulation of the active substance and the toxicity of the action of chloramphenicol on the myocardium. Overdose treatment consists in gastric lavage, the use of saline laxatives, cleansing enemas, enterosorbents. Severe cases involve hemosorption. If the dose of eye drops is exceeded, vision temporarily worsens; to eliminate symptoms, you need to rinse your eyes with water.

Contraindications

Some groups of patients are prohibited from using the drug.The instruction highlights the following contraindications:

• blood diseases;
• liver dysfunction;
• deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
• psoriasis, eczema;
• pregnancy, lactation;
• newborn age (up to 4 weeks);
• hypersensitivity to the components of the composition, thiamphenicol, azidamphenicol;
• depression of bone marrow hematopoiesis;
• ulcer;
• acute porphyria;
• renal failure.

Terms of sale and storage

Liniment and solution are dispensed without a prescription, tablets and drops - according to it. Drops, solution and tablets are stored at temperatures up to 25 degrees, liniment - at a temperature of 15-25 degrees. The shelf life of drops and liniment is two years, tablets - five, solution - one.

Analogs

Drugs with the same active ingredient or with an antibacterial effect can replace the agent. Drug analogues include:

• Levomycetin Aktitab, Levomycetin sodium succinate - complete substitutes for the drug with the same active ingredient;
• Fluimucil - mucolytic tablets, granules and solution based on acetylcysteine;
• Bactroban - an antibacterial cream and ointment containing mupirocin;
• Baneocin - bactericidal powder and ointment based on bacitracin and neomycin;
• Lincomycin - antimicrobial capsules, ointment, solution containing lincomycin;
• Gentamicin - solution and eye drops from the group of antibiotics based on gentamicin;
• Fucidin - antibacterial cream, ointment containing fusidic acid;
• Neomycin is an antibiotic solution based on the component of the same name.

Levomycetin price

The drug is sold in pharmacies and via the Internet at a cost, which is influenced by the form of the drug, the concentration of chloramphenicol, and the volume of the package. Approximate Moscow prices for medication:

Video

Levomycetin is an effective and inexpensive chloramphenicol-based eye drop. Ophthalmologists recommend using Levomycetin eye drops in most cases of infectious lesions of the cornea and deeper structures of the eye.

At the heart of these budget drops (the price for a 10 ml bottle is in the range of 19-27 rubles) is the chloramphenicol compound. In 1 ml of eye drops, it is 2.5 mg. Boric acid is also present in small quantities. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antimicrobial (antibiotic). In addition to these two components, the composition also includes purified water and some other auxiliary substances.

Drops are sold in a convenient plastic container - 10 ml dropper bottles.

Indications for use

Levomycetin is indicated in many cases of infection of the eye and its components. It is effective when infected with gram-positive and gram-negative strains. Including in many of those cases when bacteria are insensitive to penicillins, streptomycins and sulfonamides.

The action of chloramphenicol is due to the inhibitory effect on protein production in the DNA of microorganisms. As a result, they are stabilized. Important points in the use of Levomycetin will be the fact that it has a low level of resistance (adaptability) of microorganisms, which makes it possible to use it for a long time with high efficiency of results.

Chloramphinecol penetrates into the iris, sclera, eye chambers and vitreous body, but does not penetrate into the lens. In addition, it is absorbed into the systemic circulation.

The maximum efficiency occurs after 30 minutes. after the instillation procedure. The highest concentration is recorded in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Levomycytin drops are used for eye infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to this drug. So in Figures 1–3, the main types of eye diseases are presented for which this medicine should be used. These will include:

• conjunctivitis (inflammation of the inner layer of the eyelids - the conjunctiva) of an infectious origin;
• keratitis (inflammation of the cornea);
• blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids or stye);
• keratoconjunctivitis.

Keratitis of the eyes

Oculists attribute Levomycetin to those cases when other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ophthalmic agents are ineffective. It quickly relieves purulent inflammation, clears the eyes. This drug is used to treat eye infections in children.

When Levomycetin can harm

However, Levomycytin eye drops are an NSAID-based medicine. And they, like other drugs, have a number of contraindications for use, they may have side effects.

So, among the side symptoms will be:

• burning sensation in the eyes;
• redness of the cornea and eyelids;
• hyperexposure.

In addition, children may experience:

• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• a drop in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Conjunctivitis of the eye

With long courses of treatment, hematopoiesis disorders are very rarely observed: leukopenia, anemia or thrombopenia.

In connection with possible side effects, in some cases, levomycytin eye drops should be used after consultation with an ophthalmologist and in strict accordance with the instructions. They are used with caution in the following cases:

• for children over 2 years old. Here, treatment with Levomycetin should take place after consultation with an ophthalmologist, pediatrician and in strict observance of the instructions. In some cases, a pediatric ophthalmologist can prescribe a drug to a child from 4 months of age, but here the expected beneficial effect should exceed the possible side effects;
• chloramphinecol enters the systemic circulation, so it should be carefully used by nursing mothers, it is better to stop feeding. Consultation and supervision of a doctor is mandatory;
• with radiation therapy or a history of cytostatic treatment, treatment with Levomycytin should be carried out very carefully. Perhaps the development of bone marrow hypoplasia;
• if the work involves stressing attention or eyes. If you need to work with complex mechanisms or drive a car. Due to a decrease in visual acuity.

Among the contraindications for use, first of all, it should be noted allergic reactions to the components of the drug.

Do not use chloramphenicol eye drops also in the following cases:

• with acute hepatic or renal failure or their chronic forms;
• if there is a history of porphyria;
• with diseases of eczema and fungal skin diseases, as well as psoriasis;
• during pregnancy;
• children under the age of 4 months;
• in violation of hematopoiesis. Here, anemia, leukopenia may increase.

Levomycetin has the ability to reduce the effectiveness of other antibiotics. In this case, the beneficial effect of the drug itself is also reduced. By applying these eye drops at the same time as one of the following NSAIDs:

• erythromycins;
• lincomycin;
• phenobarbital;
• phenytoin;
• penicillin preparations;
• cephalosporins

the action of Levomycetin, as well as of another drug, will decrease.

With simultaneous use with radiation therapy or drugs that inhibit hematopoiesis, an increase in side effects is noted. As a rule, in case of hematopoiesis disorders, radiation therapy and treatment with hemostatics, Levomycetin drops are not used.

Typically, this drug is given 1 drop into the conjunctival sac every 4 hours. In the most difficult cases, the instruction provides for a reduction in the interval to 1 hour.

If there are lenses, they should be removed before instillation and put on no earlier than 0.5 hours after the procedure.

The bottle is individually packaged and should only be used for one patient.

When digging in, it is very important to adhere to simple hygiene rules:

• wash your hands before the procedure;
• do not touch the tip of the dropper to the eye and other surfaces;
• carry out the procedure in a clean room;
• keep the bottle tightly closed.

The dose must be discussed with an optometrist and read the instructions before using the drug.

An overdose is manifested by a decrease in vision. In these cases, the medicine from the eye should be washed out with plenty of clean water.

No cases of chloramphenicol poisoning have been reported during treatment of eye diseases.

Children should not use drops without consulting a doctor. In addition, before using the medication, be sure to carefully study the instructions.

Among the analogues of this drug, one can name a number of eye drops: Floxar, Normaks, Tsipromed, Sulfacil sodium and Albucid, as well as Tobrex. All of them contain antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. If we compare them with Levomycetin eye drops, then they will have:

• a narrower spectrum of action;
• a higher degree of resistance (microbes get used to them faster, and this reduces their effectiveness);
• and also have a price significantly higher than Levomycetin.

Levomycetin eye drops are indicated for use both for adults and for children from 4 months, they have an extensive antimicrobial effect and a relatively low price. This makes them indispensable in every home medicine cabinet.

Eye drops "Levomycetin" is a powerful antibiotic with a wide spectrum of action. Easily treats the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis, and also quickly destroys pathogens, leaving your eyes clean, shiny and beautiful again. It has been known for its therapeutic effect for many decades and is still successfully used in ophthalmology, even despite the emergence of new drugs.

Eye drops Levomycetin

Composition

The main active ingredient of these eye drops is chloramphenicol or, as scientists say, chloramphenicol. This substance was first deduced by scientists almost 70 years ago, back in 1947, from the culture fluid of radiant fungi - actinomycetes, lower plant microorganisms. Over time, they learned to get it synthetically.

1 ml of chloramphenicol ophthalmic drops contains 2.5 mg. Also, the composition of "Levomycetin" includes boric acid - a strong disinfectant, and purified water - for diluting the solution of medicinal elements.

Levomycetin drops are effective not only in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis - doctors note the good effect of the drug in the fight against blepharitis and keratitis. Blepharitis Is a group of eye diseases in which the eyelids become severely inflamed. The main "culprit" of blepharitis is Staphylococcus aureus. This disease is difficult to treat.

Eye disease - blepharitis

Keratitis Is a dangerous inflammation of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye. Most often it manifests itself as a complication during the flu. If untreated, it can lead to decreased vision quality or the formation of an eyesore.

Keratitis is a dangerous inflammation of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye

Also "Levomycetin" is suitable for prophylactic use, if you often have an exacerbation of infectious eye diseases. But in this case, only an ophthalmologist should prescribe the drug.

Often, "Levomycetin" is very effective in treating serious eye diseases, while other drugs have been ineffective.

Levomycetin drops are an inexpensive and powerful agent against pathogens. The drug has a good bacteriostatic effect - that is, the bacteria are still alive, but can no longer multiply. Its actions "cannot stand" gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Levomycetin is a powerful agent against pathogens

Drops have proven themselves in the fight against those microorganisms that are resistant to penicillin, streptomycin and other antibiotics. In this case, bacteria "get used" to "Levomycetin" slowly and, as a rule, do not have time to do this, dying.

But with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and protozoa "Levomycetin" fights worse and is ineffective against them.

The drops do not penetrate the lens, but after instillation, their high concentration is observed both on the cornea and on the iris. It enters the bloodstream in small quantities.

Applied "Levomycetin" in ophthalmology locally, that is, it is buried in the eyes. We must not forget that these drops are an antibiotic, and they should be used after a doctor's appointment, strictly following the instructions. Most often, the ophthalmologist prescribes the following course of treatment - 3 times during the day, 1 drop of Levomycetin is instilled into each affected eye.

Method of using eye drops Levomycetin from Diafarm company

Previously, the medicine was produced in glass vials, and it was necessary to instill it with a pipette; now, for the convenience of patients, chloramphenicol drops are sold in plastic bottles with a pipette-dispenser.

1. Wash hands with soap and water before instilling eyes.
2. Then, with clean and dry hands, take a bottle of Levomycetin and shake it. If necessary, arm yourself with a pipette and draw the medicine from the vial.
3. Pull the lower eyelid down a little while looking up.
4. Bring the pipette tip or dispenser tip of the vial to the eye, but not too close to avoid injury. Drop your eye.
5. Blink to distribute the drops throughout the eye.
6. Repeat the procedure for the other eye.

Do not touch the eye with the eyedropper

Attention! You need to collect drops only with a clean pipette so as not to introduce a new infection into an already suffering eye.

Usually, a person tolerates the effects of chloramphenicol drops very well, but still nowhere without side effects. The main "side effects" during the use of drops are:

• itching and burning in the eyes;
• irritation of the mucous membrane of the eyes, its redness;
• lacrimation increases;
• a rash appears on the skin.

Levomycetin drops can cause itching and burning in the eyes

According to statistics, side effects are most often observed in those people who used drops along with drugs that inhibit the function of hematopoiesis, such as sulfonamides (Biseptol, Bi-Septin, Groseptol and others). Also, side effects are observed in those who received radiation therapy.

If you use "Levomycetin" for a long time, there are disturbances in the work of the circulatory system, a fungal infection develops for the second time.

If you have at least one side effect, it is important to visit your doctor right away and stop the drug.

Contraindications to the use of chloramphenicol drops are as follows:

Childhood	Infants and children under 2 years of age are not prescribed Levomycetin; only a doctor can prescribe the drug for children over 4 months of age. Side effects in children often include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. There is also a decrease in hemoglobin levels
Pregnancy and lactation	For expectant and lactating mothers, the drug is prescribed only if the risk from the current disease exceeds the risk of side effects. It is better to stop breastfeeding during treatment with the drug
Skin diseases	For patients with eczema, psoriasis, the use of Levomycetin is contraindicated
Intolerance to the components of the drug	If the patient has allergic reactions to one or more components of the drug, then drops are not prescribed
Work specifics	Levomycetin is used with caution by those whose work is related to concentration and driving

Important! If you use drops in an increased dosage, then the patient has a reversible visual impairment.

Many people are attracted by Levomycetin due to its low price - the cost of the drug in Russian pharmacies rarely exceeds 40-50 rubles, making it affordable for all categories of the population.

The shelf life of open Levomycetin is no more than 30 days

The drug is stored for a long time - 2 years, but an open bottle should not be kept in the medicine cabinet for more than 30 days.

Also, "Levomycetin" is produced in the form of an eye ointment, which is effective in treating barley - it is smeared with an inflamed area on the eyelid 3-4 times a day.

Now in pharmacies, in addition to the usual "Levomycetin", "Levomycetin-DF" is also on sale, which, in addition to the usual chloramphenicol, also contains the substances ciprofloxacin (an active antibiotic) and dexamethasone (a corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory effect and fights allergic reactions).

Levomycetin has many analogues. Often these drugs are more expensive than the chloramphenicol drops themselves, or they contain other substances in their composition, but they are no less effective.

"Floxal" - also used to treat bacterial eye infections, the active ingredient is ofloxacin. Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

"Sulfacyl sodium" - prevents bacteria from multiplying, which helps our immunity to cope with the disease. The active ingredient is sulfacetamide. Also, the drug has a second name - "Albucid".

Other analogues:

• "Oftakvisk";
• "Tobrex";
• Tsipromed;
• Normax.

The main purpose of the described drug is to use it in ophthalmology to combat microorganisms that can provoke various eye diseases. The composition is prescribed when the following diagnoses are delivered:

• inflammatory process of the outer ocular membrane (conjunctivitis of a bacterial nature);
• inflammation of the cornea (keratitis);
• a group of ailments associated with inflammation of the eyelids (blepharitis, excited by various microorganisms).
• drops are used, including for barley;
• drops can be prescribed for the treatment of other microorganisms, but only if the other drugs used did not give the expected effect.

The standard treatment regimen described in the instructions indicates the need to instill one drop in the affected eye 3-4 times a day, however, some changes may be made by the doctor. If the patient uses the remedy of his own free will, without having received a doctor's prescription, then the application should not last longer than three days, and if prescribed by an ophthalmologist, the maximum duration of therapy should not exceed two weeks.

The instillation procedure should be carried out as follows:

1. first you need to thoroughly wash your hands and dry them with a clean towel;
2. the bottle with drops must be shaken;
3. if there are contact lenses, then they must be removed;
4. the head is tilted a little back, and the lower eyelid is carefully pulled down a little, while directing the gaze up;
5. the bottle is placed with the open end down and instilled by light pressure with fingers on the drops;
6. so that the agent does not leak out, immediately after instilling the eyes, you need to close and press your finger to the inner corner of the eye for about a minute.

Lenses can be returned to their place within half an hour after instillation. If necessary, after this time, other prescribed drops can be applied.

Levomycetin is an effective antibiotic, but its use is not always possible. So, due to the activity of the drug, it is not used for newborns and during lactation.

The following situations are considered contraindications:

• any form of impaired liver or kidney function;
• deviations in the process of hematopoiesis;
• porphyria;
• skin conditions (such as eczema, psoriasis, or fungal infections of the skin).

The standard contraindication is the increased sensitivity of the patient's body to any of the components of the composition due to the possibility of a complex allergic reaction. Given the fact that the drug affects the organ of vision, patients working in potentially dangerous cars or driving cars should treat it with extreme caution and, if possible, minimize participation in such responsible actions.

In most cases, people do not have any difficulties with the tolerance of this drug, especially if all instructions of the instructions are followed. Side effects can occur, but only with the simultaneous use of drugs that inhibit the function of hematopoiesis, or during the passage of radiation therapy.

A minor reaction may form on the part of the organ itself: slight itching, some redness or slight burning sensation. If such symptoms become permanent, then the use of the drug is canceled.

As a reaction to an overdose of the drug, a reversible visual impairment may form. Also, in order to avoid negative consequences, it is not recommended to use the antibiotic for longer than the period recommended by the doctor.

The drug is allowed to be used for children over six months of age, but with extreme caution. Usually, other drugs are used for babies, of a milder effect, but it happens that they are ineffective. In this case, they resort to the use of Levomycetin as a last resort.

The use of an antibiotic, even though it is local, is prohibited while carrying a baby. If there is an urgent need to use Levomycetin while breastfeeding the baby, the doctor raises the question of interrupting the feeding.

Levomycetin is an affordable drug, with the search for which there is usually no difficulty. The expediency in the selection of analogs arises if the active component of the drops is not suitable for the patient. So, other ophthalmic antibiotics for conjunctivitis and other eye diseases can be prescribed:

• Normax is a bactericidal agent of a wide range of effects, it can also be used for inflammation in the ears;
• Albucid is an affordable antibiotic drug that is available in several concentration options for a more or less pronounced effect;
• Oftaquix - drops against conjunctivitis of bacterial origin;
• tobrex eye drops (they can be used for children of any age, including babies);
• floxal drops (the drug also exists in the form of an ointment to solve similar problems), etc.

The shelf life of the medicinal product indicated by the manufacturer is 2 years from the date of manufacture. After opening it is recommended to use it within one month, carrying out storage at temperatures up to 12 degrees in a place well protected from direct sunlight. Given these requirements, patients prefer to store the bottle in the refrigerator. It is worth noting that after using the drops, it is important to check that the cap is tightly closed.

Ilya: I have had conjunctivitis more than once, the problem is very unpleasant. All the time they saved only Levomycetin - an affordable, effective remedy, for all the time no addiction was formed.

Rita: As for me, this drug is too active, the child certainly would not drip it. When inflammation occurred, we used Tobrex, although it is several times more expensive, it is safer for the baby.

Milan: Means as Means. It helps and good, what else to demand from him, he copes with his task, how much it costs does not matter, cheap does not mean bad.

Ira: This is the first remedy that the doctor advised me for keratitis, but it did not suit me, which is a pity. The treatment was delayed, and more money had to be spent.

Levomycetin drops are an antimicrobial drug with a wide spectrum of action.

It refers to topical antibiotics that are used in ophthalmology.

The drug is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and mycoplasmas, which makes it possible to use it in the treatment and prevention of eye diseases such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, etc.

Antibiotic for topical use in ophthalmology.

Dispensed without a doctor's prescription.

How much do Levomycetin drops cost? The average price in pharmacies is 25 rubles.

Levomycetin 0.25% eye drops are available in sterile 10 ml vials.

The active component of the drops is chloramphenicol (25 mg in a 1 ml solution). Excipients are:

• boric acid,
• purified water.

Levomycetin ophthalmic is an antimicrobial agent with a bacteriostatic effect aimed at suppressing gram-negative, gram-positive organisms, strains resistant to the action of streptomycin, penicillin, sulfanilamide: coli, hemophilic, Friedlander, some types of enterobacter, neisseria, mycocoplacia, staphylococcus aureus.

Protozoa, clostridia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acid-resistant organisms are insensitive to levomycytin ophthalmic. The drug is ineffective against serrations. Resistance to the drug develops slowly. After using the drops, a high concentration of the agent is observed in the iris

When is it prescribed? Levomycetin eye drops are indicated for use for the treatment of the following types of bacterial eye infections:

1. Conjunctivitis;
2. Keratitis;
3. Keratoconjunctivitis;
4. Blepharitis;
5. Episcleritis;
6. Scleritus.

It should be remembered that Levomycetin is effective for these infections caused by bacteria. If these infections are provoked by viruses, fungi or other microbes that are not affected by Levomycetin, then its use is ineffective.

The use of Levomycetin is unacceptable when:

• various skin conditions including eczema, fungal infections and psoriasis;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• oppression of hematopoiesis;
• renal failure;
• liver failure;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

Levomycetin should not be prescribed to newborns, as well as pregnant and breastfeeding women.

The drug should not be prescribed for acute respiratory diseases, tonsillitis and mild forms of infectious ailments.

The instructions for use indicate: Levomycetin eye drops are applied locally - one or two drops are instilled into the conjunctival sac every 1-4 hours. Drops should be collected only with a clean pipette. The recommended course of treatment is no more than two weeks.

Drops of Levomycetin must be instilled, observing the following rules:

1. Wash your hands with soap and water;
2. Open a bottle with drops;
3. If necessary, draw a small amount of the solution into a pipette (if there is no dropper on the bottle);
4. Tilt your head back so that your eyes look at the ceiling;
5. Pull the lower eyelid towards the cheeks with your finger so that a small "pouch" forms between the surface of the eye and the skin;
6. Insert a drop of solution into this bag, without touching the surface of the eye or eyelid with the tip of the dropper bottle or pipette;
7. Press your finger on the outer corner of the eye and do not blink for 30 seconds;
8. If it is impossible to restrain the blinking, it should be done carefully, trying to prevent the solution from pouring out of the conjunctival sac;
9. Lower your head and close the bottle.

If, during the introduction of drops, the tip of the pipette or dropper bottle touches the surface of the eye, eyelashes or eyelids, then these devices should be discarded. For the next instillation of Levomycetin in the eyes, you must open a new bottle with a dropper or take another pipette.

Most patients tolerate this drug easily. A side effect can occur if:

• the drug should be taken simultaneously with medications that suppress the hematopoietic function (cytostatics, sulfonamides),
• radiation therapy is performed.

Eye irritation is a common side effect. Its symptoms:

• itchy eyelids,
• redness,
• burning,
• increased lacrimation.

With prolonged use of eye drops, the development of pathology of the circulatory system is possible:

• thrombopenia,
• leukopenia,
• anemia, etc.

A secondary fungal infection may also appear. With these symptoms, the drug is canceled.

Overdose is quite rare, mainly in premature and newborn babies when large doses are prescribed. This is due to the immaturity of liver enzymes and the effect of chloramphenicol on the myocardium.

The clinical picture is manifested by a decrease in body temperature, irregular breathing, cardiovascular failure, and a change in skin tone to bluish-gray. Death is observed in 40% of cases.

As a treatment, symptomatic therapy and hemosorption are prescribed.

Longer-term use of Levomycetin eye drops should be avoided, as there is a possibility of developing hypersensitivity and the appearance of resistant microorganisms.

At an appointment with an ophthalmologist, patients must inform the doctor about:

1. Glaucoma;
2. Dry eye syndrome;
3. Previous eye injury;
4. Preexisting conjunctivitis;
5. Current use of other eye drops or eye ointment;
6. Eye surgery or laser therapy within the past 6 months;
7. During the course of treatment with these drops, contact lenses should not be worn. Also, they should not be worn for 24 hours after the completion of treatment.

Levomycetin drops affect the ability to drive vehicles and potentially dangerous mechanisms and can cause temporary blurred vision. Patients should not drive a car or moving machinery until vision is fully restored.

To prevent an increase in the inhibitory effect on hematopoiesis, joint use with sulfa drugs is not recommended.

We have selected some reviews of people who used Levomycetin drops:

1. Irina. Levomycetin was prescribed for my child by a pediatrician when the baby's eye began to fester. The doctor advised to wipe the eye three times a day with a cotton swab dipped in a solution of chloramphenicol. We did everything right, but it didn't get better. After several days of torment, they changed the medicine, everything went literally in a day!
2. Peter. I used Levomycetin in the form of eye drops. My conjunctivitis is often exacerbated, so a few drops of the drug are instilled into my eyes. It helps well, all unpleasant symptoms (burning sensation, sand in the eyes, purulent discharge) quickly disappear. I do not feel any side effects, the drug is proven and effective.
3. Dasha. She treated conjunctivitis with Levomycetin drops. Often in a draft, therefore, apparently she caught a cold, her eyes turned sour in the morning, as she got up, ate opened them. I was sick more than once with this, so I wiped it with chamomile tea leaves and dripped drops, it's a pity there are no instructions for the drops, only the inscription on the bottle. After 3 days, the virus completely disappeared, the eyes felt better, though the eye was reddish, as for me an effective and cheap treatment.

From drugs similar in principle of action, one can name:

1. Oftaquix. Drops from bacterial conjunctivitis.
2. Tobrex. Drops for eye diseases that can be used even for newborns.
3. Normax. Broad-spectrum bactericidal medicine. It is also used to treat inflammation in the ears.
4. Albucid. Affordable anabiotic. Available in different concentrations for different forms of eye diseases.
5. Floxal. Another type of eye drops. Also available in the form of an ointment.

Before using analogs, consult your doctor.

Store in a dark place, out of reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C. Shelf life is 2 years. After opening the bottle, use the solution within 30 days

In favorable conditions, pathogenic bacteria begin to actively reproduce, causing many diseases. Bacterial infections can affect absolutely any system of the human body or an individual organ, and the eyes are no exception. For the treatment of such diseases, eye drops "Levomycetin" have been used for more than a decade. In ophthalmic practice, the drug has established itself as an effective and relatively safe, and therefore can be prescribed even for children.

Eye drops called "Levomycetin" are produced by many manufacturers, and not only in Russia. Therefore, the composition of the auxiliary components for products of different brands may differ. Traditionally, this is boric acid, as well as water for injection, in which the main active component, chloramphenicol, is dissolved. One milliliter of solution accounts for 2.5 mg of active ingredient. However, you can also find less concentrated solutions - with 1.25 mg of chloramphenicol.

In a normal state, an unexpired drug is a clear, colorless liquid with a subtle "earthy" odor. Light staining of the solution is allowed.

The product is packaged in glass (transparent or dark glass), polyethylene or polypropylene (transparent and opaque) bottles No. 1 and No. 40 with a volume of 5 or 10 ml.

• Glass vials are usually sealed with rubber stoppers and rolled in aluminum caps. Can be supplied with a dropper cap.
• The soft shape of the package meets with a sealed dropper or a screw cap for maximum ease of use.

Most often, vials are placed in a cardboard box along with printed instructions.

The drug is dispensed from pharmacies upon presentation of a prescription. Recommended for use within two years from the date of issue. Expired drops cannot be used. The contents of the opened bottle retain their therapeutic properties for no longer than 4 weeks.

Storage conditions for drops: out of the reach of animals and children, at t<25 ºC. Откупоренный флакон хранят при t 15–25 ºC.

Pharmacological action, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Chloramphenicol is a synthetic antibiotic, which is identical to the natural one - a waste product of bacteria of the streptomycete genus. For the first time, the substance was isolated from the culture fluid of Streptomyces venezuelae in the middle of the last century, and later it was obtained artificially.

In small doses, the antibiotic has a bacteriostatic effect. When the dose is increased, it is antibacterial. The antimicrobial activity of a substance is due to its ability to penetrate through membranes into cells of pathogenic microorganisms and inhibit protein synthesis in them.

In practice, the effectiveness of "Levomycetin" against a wide range of bacteria has been proven, including:

• gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus);
• gram-negative bacteria (salmonella, klebsiella, shigella, gonococcus, colibacillus and hemophilus influenzae, meningococcus, etc.).

It is noteworthy that chloramphenicol exhibits increased activity against pathogens resistant to other popular antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamide).

The resistance of the indicated strains to the agent under discussion develops relatively slowly.

After the introduction of eye drops "Levomycetin" into the conjunctival sac, chloramphenicol is distributed over the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye, its iris and the vitreous body, reaching a concentration sufficient to provide a therapeutic effect. The antibiotic does not enter the lens, but in some amount it enters the bloodstream.

The half-life of the substance is from one and a half to four hours, but can be lengthened in patients with liver pathologies, as well as in children under one year old. Kidney disease has almost no effect on the rate of elimination of chloramphenicol, but can lead to the accumulation of metabolites. About 95% of the ingested substance is excreted in the urine. Of these, no more than 10% leave the body unchanged, and the rest of the volume is processed by the liver. No more than one percent of metabolites are evacuated by defecation.

What are eye drops Levomycetin prescribed for?

In ophthalmology, chloramphenicol has found application as an effective agent in the fight against bacterial infections.

"Levomycetin" in the form of eye drops is prescribed by doctors for the treatment of diseases provoked by the growth of microflora sensitive to chloramphenicol.

Among them:

• keratitis;
• scleritis and episcleritis;
• blepharitis;
• conjunctivitis, as well as kerato- and blepharoconjunctivitis.

Instructions for use for adults and children

The medicine is administered by conjunctival drip. The dosage for patients of any age is the same: no more than two drops three times or four times a day.

• For children and elderly patients, the dose is not adjusted.
• Drops for newborns can be prescribed only for health reasons.

The last statement requires a separate decoding. Some manufacturers indicate that the drug can be safely prescribed to babies over 4 weeks old. Others raise the age limit to a few months or even two years. Therefore, in order to avoid the development of negative reactions, it is extremely undesirable to prescribe therapy with Levomycetin eye drops to your child on your own.

Children's liver is not sufficiently developed to bind chloramphenicol, which can cause its critical accumulation in the body.

This antibiotic is very toxic and can cause "gray syndrome" - a serious condition that is often fatal.

The duration of therapy is five days. If the treatment is started at its own discretion and does not bring relief for three days, it is necessary to urgently consult a specialist.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Experiments on animals have revealed the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of chloramphenicol. The substance is able to cross the placental barrier.

The safety of therapy with eye drops during gestation has not been clinically confirmed, therefore, women in the "Levomycetin" position are strictly contraindicated.

Systemic absorption of the antibiotic under discussion is not excluded and its ability to penetrate into breast milk is known for certain, therefore, during lactation, the drug can only be used if the infant is temporarily transferred to artificial feeding.

Drug interactions

You should not combine therapy with Levomycetin with taking pharmaceuticals that inhibit hematopoietic function and metabolic processes in the liver. It is undesirable to resort to treatment with this remedy during the period of radiation therapy in view of the increasing risk of adverse reactions. In addition, chloramphenicol reduces the effectiveness of the antibacterial effects of penicillin and cephalosporin drugs.

If necessary, simultaneous therapy with "Levomycetin" with other ophthalmological agents, their introduction is carried in time for at least half an hour.

Contraindications, side effects and overdose

The drug is prohibited from taking in the presence of the following diseases and conditions:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• dysfunction of hematopoiesis;
• fungal skin lesions, as well as eczema and psoriasis;
• the entire period of gestation;
• lactation.

The age restriction has already been mentioned above. The therapy with the drug under discussion is carried out with caution in persons who have undergone radiation or a course of treatment with cytostatics.

The use of contact lenses during the entire period of therapy with Levomycetin eye drops is excluded. After the end of treatment, wearing them should be avoided for another day.

Before starting therapy with chloramphenicol drops, the doctor should be notified of the presence in the history of:

• eye injuries;
• recent conjunctivitis;
• chronic dry eye syndrome;
• glaucoma;
• operations on the organs of vision (including laser therapy).

As a rule, treatment with Levomycetin eye drops, subject to the dosage and the absence of predisposing factors, does not cause negative reactions. However, the likelihood of their development can never be ruled out.

Among them it is extremely rare, but they note:

• temporary eye irritation, manifested by itching, burning sensation, redness of the conjunctiva;
• short-term blurred vision;
• hypersensitivity reactions;
• dermatological manifestations of allergies;
• fever;
• anaphylactic shock.

Complications from the circulatory system can be observed only with prolonged administration of high (more than 4 grams daily) doses of the drug. Long-term treatment with Levomycetin is capable of provoking toxic reactions, since its active substance is subject to systemic absorption from the eyes. So, during therapy with the discussed eye drops, cases of bone marrow hypoplasia were recorded. However, if there is no other way out, and long-term treatment with this particular remedy is required, blood tests should be carried out regularly throughout the course.

The likelihood that accidental swallowing of eye drops will cause negative reactions (if we are not talking about small children) is negligible. In the case of the introduction of a large number of drops into the conjunctiva, painful sensations and photophobia, the development of puffiness and lacrimation may develop. In such a situation, the eye should be rinsed with running water at a comfortable temperature. It is advisable to continue manipulations for at least a quarter of an hour.

Due to the high likelihood of temporary blurred vision, after the administration of the medicinal solution, one should not drive and work with precise or dangerous machinery.

As mentioned above, chloramphenicol is highly toxic. And although its concentration in the bloodstream with the introduction of eye drops is not high, it is undesirable to turn to the use of "Levomycetin" for uncomplicated commonplace diseases.

Analogues of Levomycetin in drops

Among the drugs presented in the drugstore chains of the country, there are no absolute analogues of Levomycetin eye drops. However, the pharmaceutical market offers antibacterial agents based on other active substances.

Among them:

• "Azidrop". The active ingredient is azithromycin. The cost is about 350 rubles.
• "Maxitrol". Neomycin, dexamethasone, and polymyxin. The cost is about 600 rubles.
• Tsipromed. Ciprofloxacin. The cost is up to 10 rubles.
• Floxal. Ofloxacin. The cost is about 200 rubles.
• Normax. Norfloxacin. The cost is about 170 rubles.
• "Tobrex". Tobramycin. The cost is about 200 rubles.
• Oftaquix. Levofloxacin. The cost is about 270 rubles.

But it should be borne in mind that it is impossible to independently replace the "Levomycetin" prescribed by a doctor. Bacterial eye infections are one of the main causes of sudden visual impairment, therefore, the issue of their treatment should be approached with all responsibility.

The active substance of Levomycetin in all its forms is chloramphenicol - a substance that belongs to the group of antibiotics amphenicols .

Eye drops contain chloramphenicol at a concentration of 2.5 mg / ml.

Possible dosages of the active substance for capsules and pills - 250 and 500 mg, for extended-release tablets - 650 mg (tablets have 2 layers - the outer contains 250, the inner contains 400 mg ).

Alcohol solution of Levomycetin available in a concentration of 0.25; 1, 3 and 5%. Levomycetin ointment can have a concentration of 1 or 5%.

Preparations from different manufacturers have a different composition of auxiliary components.

All versions of the same agent produced by pharmaceutical companies in the post-Soviet countries differ slightly, since they use the same technology for producing chloramphenicol. Thus, Levomycetin DIA eye drops do not differ from drops produced, for example, by the Belmedpreparaty enterprise.

Release form

• eye drops 0.25% (ATX code S01AA01);
• liniment 1%, 5%;
• alcohol solution 1%, 3%, 5% and 0.25% (ATX code D06AX02);
• pills and capsules 250 and 500 mg, prolonged-release tablets 650 mg (ATX code J01BA01).

pharmachologic effect

Antibacterial. The drug relieves inflammation and cures infections of any tissues and organs, provided that they are caused by sensitive to chloramphenicol microflora.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Levomycetin is antibiotic or not? Antibiotic of synthetic origin, which is identical to the product produced by the microorganisms Streptomyces venezuelae in the course of their vital activity.

Chloramphenicol harmful to most gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria (including strains that are resistant to action, and ), spirochete , rickettsium , individual large viruses.

Shows low activity against Clostridium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acid-fast bacteria and protozoa.

The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with the ability chloramphenicol disrupt the synthesis of proteins of microorganisms. The substance blocks the polymerization of activated amino acid residues that are associated with mRNA.

Resistance to chloramphenicol develops relatively slowly in microbes; cross-resistance to other chemotherapy drugs usually does not occur.

When applied topically, the required concentration is created in aqueous humor, vitreous fibers, cornea and iris. The drug does not penetrate the lens.

Pharmacokinetic parameters when taken chloramphenicol inside:

• absorption - 90%;
• bioavailability - 80%;
• the degree of binding to plasma proteins is 50-60% (in those born earlier than expected
• term of babies - 32%);
• Tmax - from 1 to 3 hours

The therapeutic concentration in the bloodstream is maintained for 4-5 hours after oral administration. About a third of the dose taken is found in bile, the highest concentration of Levomycetin is created in the kidneys and liver.

The drug is able to pass the placental barrier, its serum concentration in the fetus can reach 30-80% of the serum concentration in the mother. Penetrates into milk.

Biotransformed mainly in the liver (90%). Under the influence of intestinal normal flora, it undergoes hydrolysis with the formation of inactive metabolites.

The elimination time is 24 hours. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys (by 90%). From 1 to 3% is excreted with intestinal contents. T1 / 2 for an adult - from 1.5 to 3.5 hours, in children 1-16 years old - from 3 to 6.5 hours, in children 1-2 days after birth - 24 hours or more (with low weight body is longer), on 10-16 days of life - 10 hours.

Patients who have previously received cytostatic drugs or passed , for pregnant women, young children (especially the first 4 weeks of life), the medicine is prescribed for health reasons.

Side effects

Side effects of systemic Levomycetin:

• disorders of the digestive system - nausea, , dyspepsia, vomiting, irritation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and oral cavity, dysbiosis;
• disturbances from hemostasis and hematopoiesis - reticulocyto-, leuko and thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hypoglobinemia, aplastic anemia ;
• disorders of the senses and the nervous system - depression, optic neuritis , mental and motor disorders, headache, impaired consciousness and / or taste, hallucinations (auditory or visual), delirium, decreased visual acuity / hearing;
• hypersensitivity reactions;
• accession of a fungal infection;
• cardiovascular collapse (usually in infants of the first year of life).

When using eye drops, liniment and alcohol solution, local allergic reactions are possible.

Instructions for the use of Levomycetin

Eye drops Levomycetin: instructions for use

Drops for eyes Levomycetin (DIA, Acri, AKOS, Ferein) are introduced into the conjunctival sac of each eye, one 3-4 r. / Day. The course of treatment usually lasts from 5 to 15 days.

When using the drug, you should tilt your head back, gently pull the lower eyelid towards the cheek so that a cavity forms between the skin and the surface of the eye, and, without touching the eyelid and the surface of the eye with the tip of the dropper bottle, add 1 drop of the medicine to it.

After instillation, the outer corner of the eye is pressed with a finger and does not blink for 30 seconds. If you can't blink, you need to do it as carefully as possible so that the solution does not pour out of the eye.

For children during the neonatal period (the first 28 days after birth), the drug is used for health reasons.

With purulent otitis media, the drug is injected into the ear 1-2 p. / Day. 2-3 drops. With significant discharge from the ear canal, which wash off the applied solution, Levomycetin can be used up to 4 r. / Day.

When bacterial rhinitis your doctor may recommend nasal drops.

Eye drops for barley

Application for barley chloramphenicol in combination with , which is part of the solution as an auxiliary component, helps prevent infection conjunctiva and the development of complications after opening the abscess, accelerates maturation barley , partially relieves redness and reduces the intensity of pain, shortens the recovery period by 2-3 days.

Treatment is carried out simultaneously for both the patient and the healthy eye. The agent should be instilled in 1-2 drops of 2-6 rubles / day. With severe pain, Levomycetin can be instilled every hour.

Levomycetin tablets: instructions for use

Tablets and capsules are taken depending on the indications 3-4 r. / Day. A single dose of Levomycetin in tablets / capsules for an adult is 1-2 tab. 250 mg. The highest dose is 4 tab. 500 mg per day.

In especially severe cases (for example, with peritonitis or typhoid fever ) the dose can be increased to 3 or 4 g / day.

The duration of application is no more than 10 days.

Levomycetin is often used for diarrhea, which occurs when food poisoning occurs, as well as in cases where an intestinal disorder is a consequence of a bacterial infection.

Levomycetin tablets for diarrhea are taken before meals, one at a time every 4-6 hours. The highest dose is 4 g / day. If, after taking the first 500 mg tablet, the disorder has stopped, the second should no longer be taken.

How to take Levomycetin for cystitis

Despite the fact that the use of drops of Levomycetin in infants allows you to dry the mucous membrane and reduce the flow of snot, it has been proven that topical application antibiotics often does not allow to effectively deal with bacterial infection .

If we talk about the treatment scheme according to the principle “ off-label prescription”(Not for the purpose), then Levomycetin is instilled into the ear, 3-4 drops, in the nose - 1-2 drops. The treatment lasts 5 to 10 days. The frequency of procedures is 1-2 per day.

Before introducing the drug into the nose, you must first drip a vasoconstrictor. Before injecting into the ear, the external auditory canal should be cleared of pus.

Veterinary use

In veterinary practice, Levomycetin is used for colibacillosis , salmonellosis , leptospirosis , dyspepsia , colienteritis , coccidosis and pullorosis chickens, infectious and mycoplasmosis birds, urinary tract infections and bronchopneumonia .

The dose for farm animals, as well as for cats and dogs, is selected depending on the weight and severity of the disease.

How to give the drug to chickens? To avoid mass death of chickens from intestinal infection they are given 1 tablet of Levomycetin together with food for 3-5 days 2 times a day. This dosage is calculated for 15-20 chicks.

Analogs

Matching ATX level 4 code:

Preparations with the same active ingredient: Levomycetin Aktitab , Levomycetin sodium succinate .

Analogues on the mechanism of action:

• for Levomycetin tablets - ;bacterial keratitis , purulent ulcers of the cornea , blepharitis, conjunctivitis , chlamydial and gonorrheal diseases in adults, as well blenorrhea in newborn babies.

  Albucid , unlike Levomycetin, causes severe eye irritation.

  The use of Levomycetin for children

  The use of tablets Levomycetin in pediatrics

  Tablet forms of the drug in pediatrics are used under constant control of serum concentration chloramphenicol ... Depending on age, the dose of Levomycetin tablets for children ranges from 25 to 100 mg / kg / day.

  For newborns under 2 weeks of age (including premature babies), the formula for calculating the daily dose is as follows: 6.25 mg / kg for each dose with a frequency of applications up to 4 r. / Day.

  For infants over 14 days, 12.5 mg / kg is prescribed for 1 dose every 6 hours or 25 mg / kg every 12 hours.

  With severe infections (for example, with ) the dose is increased to 75-100 mg / kg / day.

  How to take Levomycetin for diarrhea?

  The drug is a fairly serious remedy and therefore must be prescribed by a doctor. However, it is often given to children when it is necessary to relieve an intestinal disorder.

  As a rule, the dose for children 3-8 years old is from 375 to 500 mg / day. (125 mg per dose), for children 8-16 years old - 750-1000 mg (250 mg per dose).

  With diarrhea, a single use of the drug is allowed. If the child's condition does not improve, and the symptoms persist even 4-5 hours after taking the pill, you should consult a therapist.

  Levomycetin eye drops for children

  Eye drops for newborns (in the first 4 weeks after birth) are used only for health reasons.

  Levomycetin eye drops for infants are also used with caution. Usually, antibiotic instill 1 drop in conjunctival sac each eye every 6-8 hours.

  When barley eye drops are not recommended for children under 10 years of age.

  The use of external therapy in children

  The solution is not intended for the treatment of children under 1 year of age, liniment is not used for the treatment of premature and newborn babies.

  Levomycetin and alcohol

  Alcohol and chloramphenicol incompatible. With simultaneous use with ethanol, there is a high risk of developing a disulfiram-like effect, which is manifested , flushing of the skin, nausea and vomiting, reflex cough, convulsions.

  Levomycetin during pregnancy

  Levomycetin for external and systemic use is contraindicated in pregnancy. If the drug is prescribed to a nursing woman, the child must be transferred to artificial feeding during treatment.

  If indicated, eye drops can be used in pregnant women and during lactation, however, provided that the dosages recommended by the instructions are not exceeded.

Levomycetin

International non-proprietary name

Chloramphenicol

Dosage form

Eye drops 0.25% 8 ml

Composition

1 ml of the drug contains

active substance -chloramphenicol 2.5 mg,

excipients: boric acid, water for injection

Description

Colorless transparent or slightly yellowish liquid

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Drugs for the treatment of eye diseases. Antibiotics

ATX code S01AA01

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

When instilled into the eyes, the therapeutic concentration of chloramphenicol is created in the vitreous body, cornea, iris, and aqueous humor of the eye. Levomycetin does not penetrate into the lens of the eye.

Pharmacodynamics and

Levomycetin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including the family of intestinal bacteria, influenza coli. The mechanism of antimicrobial action is associated with inhibition of RNA synthesis at the level of the 50-S ribosome substance and inhibition of protein synthesis.

Effective against strains of bacteria resistant to penicillin, tetracyclines, sulfonamides. Active against Escherchia Coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, some Enterobacter and Neisseria species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococus spp. Ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens.

It has a bacteriostatic effect. The addiction of microorganisms to chloramphenicol develops slowly.

Indications for use

Conjunctivitis

Keratitis

Keratoconjunctivitis

Ulceration of the cornea

Blepharitis

Blepharoconjunctivitis

Method of administration and dosage

Adults and children over 1 year of age are topically instilled into the conjunctival sac, 1-2 drops every 1-4 hours or 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.

Side effects

Local allergic reactions are possible

In the first seconds after instillation, a rapidly passing

With prolonged use - reduced visual acuity

Optic and peripheral nerve neuritis

Contraindications

Increased individual sensitivity to the drug

Inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis

Skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, fungal diseases)

Pregnancy and lactation

Acute intermittent porphyria

Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Hepatic and renal failure

Children under 1 year old

Carefullyduring pregnancy and lactation

Drug interactions

To prevent an increase in the inhibitory effect on hematopoiesis, combined use with sulfa drugs is not recommended.

With simultaneous use with erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, mutual weakening is noted.

When administered with oral hypoglycemic drugs, an increase in their effect is noted due to the suppression of metabolism in the liver and an increase in their concentration in plasma.

Chloramphenicol suppresses the enzyme system of cytochrome P450, therefore, when used simultaneously with barbiturates, phenytoin, indirect anticoagulants, there is a weakening of the metabolism of these drugs, a slowdown in excretion and an increase in their concentration in plasma.

Reduces the antibacterial effect of aminoglycosides, penicillins, polymyxin B, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, erythromycin. Also incompatible with ascorbic acid, hydrocortisone, B vitamins.

special instructions

Do not use for viral and fungal eye infections. The drug is hematotoxic, which limits its use in pregnant women, women during lactation and in children.

It is necessary to ensure that the tip of the dropper bottle does not come into contact with the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. After instillation, the dropper bottle is closed with a cap.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Does not affect

Within 30 minutes after instillation, a short-term impairment of visual acuity and lacrimation is possible.

Overdose

Not identified

Release form and packaging