https: //www.site/2013-12-23/shtrihi_k_portretu_novogo_rukovoditelya_administracii_gubernatora_sverdlovskoy_oblasti

Sergey Perestoronin, Balkan businessmen and the "Uncle Kolya" clan

Strokes to the portrait of the new head of the administration of the governor of the Sverdlovsk region

Sergei Perestoronin, who was appointed head of the governor’s administration last week, is a “dark horse” even for many of the employees of this body. Yes, he already worked here in a managerial position, then worked at Uralsevergaz, is known to municipal leaders, and is well known to security officials. He does not hide his biography, in an interview he talks about the past in the GUFSIN, and about his marital status. And yet, Perestoronin's place in the coordinate system of the Sverdlovsk establishment remains unclear. Who is he, "whose" is he, what to expect from him ?.

“It so happened that all my life I live in practically the same microdistrict - on Papanin Street across the river,” Perestoronin said in an interview with the regional newspaper. At 5 Papanin Street, the family of the new head of the administration does have an apartment, but this is not their only place to live. The Perestoronins also own an apartment in the center of Yekaterinburg, in a prestigious building on Marshal Zhukov Street. The officials' neighbors are the city Duma deputy, a major builder Igor Plaksin, the director of the Ekaterinburg EXPO IEC Ernest Elizarov, the director for general issues of the UMMC Vladimir Beloglazov, the city Duma deputy Vladimir Kritsky (former vice-mayor for construction, now works for LSR Group), commercial Kirill Skuratov, director of Ural Airlines. All this is the "high society" of Yekaterinburg, of which Perestoronin can rightfully be considered a member.

There is also an apartment with the deputy head of the Yekaterinburg administration, Alexander Vysokinsky, with whom, as the site has already written, Perestoronin also associates sports hobby. Both officials play hockey on the same site, however, in rival teams. Ever since the time of the plenipotentiary representative Latyshev, a tradition of regular hockey meetings between the teams of the city administration and officials of federal departments has been established. Perestoronin's team (he is the captain) includes the former head of the Federal Tax Service Gennady Bezrukov, the head of Rosfinmonitoring for the Urals Federal District Alexei Kardapoltsev, former and current employees of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Sverdlovsk Region, the FSB, and judicial officers.

Sergey Perestoronin is also busy with social work, he is the head of the Sverdlovsk branch of the Russian Bar Association. This is a very influential club of lawyers, the council of which includes the director of the department of administrative bodies of the governor's administration (that is, now a subordinate of Perestoronin) Valery Aleshin, deputy of the Legislative Assembly Yevgeny Artyukh, deputy chairman of the Arbitration court of the Sverdlovsk region Konstantin Belyaev, rector of the Ural legal academy Vladimir Bublik, employee of the Academy Lyudmila Berg, Chairman of the Sverdlovsk Regional Court Alexander Dementyev and his predecessor Ivan Ovcharuk, Head of the Rosreestr Office for the Sverdlovsk Region Mikhail Zatsepin, Advisor to the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region, former Head of the FSB Boris Kozinenko, Ural Transport Prosecutor Pavel Kukushkin, Deputy Chairman of the Federal Arbitration Court Sergei Minin Of the Sverdlovsk region Sergey Loginov, the prosecutor of the Sverdlovsk region Sergey Okhlopkov and his deputy Vladimir Chulichkov, the chairman of the Statutory court of the Sverdlovsk region Vadim Panteleev, the deputy chairman of the government of the Sverdlovsk region Azat Salikhov, began the nickname of the regional GUFSIN Sergei Khudorozhkov, vice-speaker of the Legislative Assembly Viktor Sheptiy, chief bailiff Sergei Schebekin and others.

Formally, Perestoronin runs the most representative club of the region's security forces.

The wife of Sergei Perestoronin, Suzanna Valerievna, according to the SPARK database, is a co-owner of the Prestige company, whose main activity is the retail trade of bread, bakery and confectionery products. The company was founded by five partners - businessmen of Balkan origin Hasib Bjelich and Emir Sarich, as well as Galina Kulyabina, Alexey Begunov, Suzanna Perestoronina. Belich and Sharich were also partners in Service-Master LLC, Galina Kulyabina is the owner of Sola LLC. Alexey Begunov is a co-founder of a number of companies, including a large (18%) shareholder of the Sverdlovsk current transformer plant. Until the end of 2012, Perestoronina was also a co-owner of Oriol, together with some partners in Prestige.

The daughter of Sergei Perestoronin, Ksenia, in his own words, works as a secretary of the judicial composition in the Sverdlovsk Arbitration Court (now she, the wife of an individual entrepreneur Senad Muezinovich, bears his last name).

But the main thread connecting the Perestoronins with influential legal clans was found in the town of Kasli, Chelyabinsk region.

There is a dacha non-profit partnership "Plotinka" founded by Sergei and Ksenia Perestoronins, Evgeny and Olga Safonovs, Stanislav, Vladislav and Lyudmila Minins, Nadezhda Popova, Alexey Punigov, Svetlana Novoselova, Alexander Zatsepin.

Many surnames will seem familiar to business people in Yekaterinburg. These are representatives of an influential “notary-legal clan”, which is considered to have a great influence in the life of the Sverdlovsk region. Alexander Mikhailovich Zatsepin is the son of the head of the regional department of Rosreestr, Mikhail Zatsepin, a person who is not passed by any real estate transaction. Alexander, according to the site, works as a lieutenant colonel in the UBEP, he is married to Olga Filippova, the daughter of the former deputy head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Sverdlovsk Region, Vladimir Filippov.

Alexey Punigov is probably the son-in-law of Mikhail Zatsepin, the husband of his daughter Elena, who works in the transport prosecutor's office. The Zatsepin family is engaged in notarial business and is very successful. Mikhail Zatsepin even had career difficulties due to the excessive amount of real estate in his family. It is interesting that Mikhail Zatsepin himself is just a native of Kasley.

The Minins, the other neighbors of the Perestoronins in the summer cottage partnership in Kasly, are also well known. Sergei Minin is the deputy chairman of the Federal Arbitration Court of the Urals District, the son-in-law of the powerful lawyer Veniamin Yakovlev, one of the architects of the modern legal system of Russia, now - the presidential adviser. He, in turn, is associated with the influential State Duma deputy Pavel Krasheninnikov. His son Vladislav, according to the Rosreestr website, works as the director of the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FKP Rosreestr, that is, subordinate to Mr. Zatsepin. Stanislav Sergeevich Minin is making a career in the capital - he is the deputy head of the department of the federal bailiff service for the Moscow region.

Another co-founder of Plotinka, Elena Khaimovna Popova, is the wife of the former chief bailiff of the Sverdlovsk region, Alexander Popov, who also comes from the Sverdlovsk police and a close friend of Vladimir Filippov.

The Zatsepins and Minins are sometimes associated with the power clan of "Uncle Kolya" - the Sverdlovsk general Nikolai Ovchinnikov, a former deputy minister of internal affairs.

Now Ovchinnikov works in a relatively modest position of director of the Bureau for Coordination of the Fight against Organized Crime and Other Dangerous Types of Crime on the Territory of the CIS Member States. How close the connection between the Minins, Zatsepin and Ovchinnikov is is a debatable question. After all, the general has long lost its former strength, and his acquaintances lawyers and notaries remain powerful, the offspring of families to this day make dizzying careers in the civil service.

The Plotinka partnership, created in 2006, is a close club with only 14 members. It can be assumed that Sergei Perestoronin's connections with influential Sverdlovsk law enforcement officials, notaries and lawyers go beyond his chairmanship in the regional branch of the Russian Bar Association. For those who like to see politics primarily as a clan struggle, the appointment of Perestoronin (by the way, a native of Sverdlovsk) is a reason to speculate about the revenge of the local establishment, which in recent years has been squeezed out by "Muscovites", "railroad workers", "Tyumen" and others. However, in reality, this personnel decision probably has much more aspects.

Sergey Perestoronin was born in 1961 Sverdlovsk. Graduated from the Sverdlovsk Agricultural Institute and the Ural Academy of Public Administration.

He worked in the state authorities of the Sverdlovsk region as the head of the interregional department of the Federal Service for Defense Orders for the Ural Federal District.

Further from October 2010 year to April 2012 worked as the first deputy head of the governor's administration. In May 2012 Perestoronin was appointed Deputy General Director of ZAO Uralsevergaz and has held this position to this day.

December 2013 the head of the Sverdlovsk region Yevgeny Kuyvashev appointed Sergei Perestoronin head of the governor's administration.

Before him, this post was held by Yakov Silin, however at the beginning of December 2013 the head of the region appointed a vice-governor to the post of vice-premier for territorial development and interethnic relations.

Sergei Valentinovich Perestoronin was professionally involved in speed skating, played football for five years, volleyball for ten years. Sergey Valentinovich is married, has a daughter and a son.

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Denis, you have been collecting handwritten books for almost 20 years. How did it all start, how did you come to this? Why exactly manuscripts, and not, say, stamps or coins?

How did it start ... The question, of course, is interesting ... From life ( smiling). All in all, it all started out of practical considerations. Initially, handwritten books began to be collected for home prayer and singing practice, when I began to learn to sing from the banner. And my first manuscripts were singing. Then all this began to develop gradually. At that time, I even equipped myself a special wooden shelf at home, with the goal of filling it with manuscripts - then it was the ultimate dream. And over time, collecting books turned into a kind of lifestyle: it became both a hobby and work at the same time.

The collecting process dragged on ...

Any process you like is always addictive. But you know, I actually don't like being called a collector, and I don't really understand this word. I position myself as a scribe, as we in Russia originally called such people.

In the medieval sense?

Well yes. Traditional. Although the term “scribe” is, of course, very broad, I am definitely not a collector. In general, I am a professional antique dealer. This is closer and clearer to me.

So it's an antique dealer after all. Agreed. Do you have any preferences by genre or, perhaps, by region?

My regional preference is Burnout. The Vygov tradition attracted me from my youth, words cannot convey. So my interest is more in the Pomor manuscripts. As for genres, then, as I said, it all started with singing books, and then off we go ...

And what caused such a love for the Vygov manuscripts?

On the one hand, their high aesthetic merits, and on the other, it is caused by the general interest that I have in the Vygoretsky region, in the Vygov history and culture in general.

Most of your collection was purchased from various book and antique dealers. Have you ever had to go around villages and villages in search of manuscripts, communicate with their direct owners or even creators?

Well, I hardly met the authors of the manuscripts. However, when I was in the Urals, I met with chapels who, somehow, but still knew how to write. They wrote different separate sheets of paper, but I would not leave any of this for myself - well, really, for fun, because, objectively speaking, it was all rather ugly and of low quality, even in comparison with the mediocre works of a century ago. What is really interesting with them is the birch bark books. At one time in Moscow I saw them in an antique store, but then somehow it didn’t catch fire ... By the way, the calligraphy there is very unusual, original, reminds the letter of Novgorod birch bark letters, which were drawn in writing, and the material itself is remarkable.

As for whether I drove myself, I still ended up at a slightly different time. For the most part, what I now have was collected in the second half of the 90s and in the 2000s. Format of large archaeographic expeditions of the Pozdeev standard of the 1950s, 60s and 70s. by that time he outlived his usefulness. First, the masses of more or less decent manuscripts have already been taken out; and, secondly, those that were not taken out were now not shown to anyone. The people who kept the books simply hid them behind seven seals and did not even stutter to any aliens that they had them.

I remember once spending the night in the same house with my grandfather and grandmother, very strong-believing, and they definitely had a copy of the Ostrog Bible - the locals told me this, who knew them well and saw the book. But I myself did not start any conversation about the Bible with the owners, and they would not have told me that they had this book, because they were so afraid of Irina Vasilievna Pozdeeva there that after her visits almost everyone was afraid. Therefore, the path of my acquisitions is already somewhat different. For example, one of the pearls of my library, the pre-Fedorian anonymous Gospel, I purchased in 2006 at the Gelos auction for 1.265.000 rubles.

What is the oldest manuscript in your collection?

The oldest book at the moment is the parchment Menaion of the XIV century, or rather a fragment of it. Scientifically speaking, the Minea is supplementary. This is a variant of the Menaion for the left wing, that is, not the entire service of the Festive Menaion is written out, but only a part. It comes from one old Moscow collection, from the collection of the pre-revolutionary intelligentsia.

Books of the 15th century are no longer a rarity. Moreover, full-fledged and of very good quality, such a first-class XV century.

Do you have many parchment books?

There is only one parchment manuscript: the same Menaion. However, there were cases that I took out parchment fragments from the bindings of the 17th century - from the gluing and from the spine. There even the XII century met. By the way, very interesting fragments.

Let us now take a later period. What is remarkable if we take not fragments, but full-fledged manuscripts?

The latest things reach our time. Take, for example, the Leonenko brothers, their books ... The most amusing copies are available, I must say. Do you remember the hellish newspaper that you showed just now? On which militiamen in wide trousers with stripes ... Excellent thing! ( smiling).

Almost every antiquarian has a thing or even several things that in monetary terms may cost almost nothing, but are dear to him solely for personal reasons: perhaps they are associated with some extraordinary history of acquisition, the memory of a dear person or event. Are there any similar items in your collection, if we talk exclusively about manuscripts?

Of course, I have such things. True, not all such stories will be understandable to a wide audience ... As an example, I will cite one manuscript of an unassuming village letter: an abbreviated daily routine of the early 20th century in an ugly binding from some kind of soviet flag. Previously, this book belonged to Afrikan Ivanovich Mokrousov (1930-2002 - approx. ed.), part of the library of which I got.

Afrikan Ivanovich?

Exactly! I knew him a little already in the last years of my life. A very interesting and sincere person was ( considering a photograph of Mokrousov with a dedication). He lived in the village of Peredelny, in the Seim, southeast of Nizhny. This is generally a very interesting region, formerly the fiefdom of the famous businessman Nikolai Bugrov (1837-1911 - approx. ed.) - "appanage prince of Nizhny Novgorod", as Gorky called him. It was there that was the center of his economy, including the famous steam mills. During our acquaintance, Afrikan Ivanovich remained the only literate Old Believer of those places. He belonged to the Fedoseyevsk community, maintained a prayer room, mentored there, took care of the surrounding women, knew pre-revolutionary history, the history of Old Believer accords, wrote it down - he was a kind of local historian, but in the traditional sense. In a word, a kind of local old man, a keeper of antiquity.

So, in this Obihod, which was his educational manuscript, he describes in all details the process of his learning to sing on hooks - the whole flyleaf is written with a ballpoint pen: how in his youth he was taught to sing by the skete old women, how he himself studied, there are also some information about his teachers ... On the endpapers of his other books, he wrote down the history of their existence and acquisition. Quite interesting information comes across.

That you not only collect books, but also restore them, - a well-known business. Have you tried rewriting anything yourself or even creating new text in the traditional style?

With the correspondence I have not very much, although I had experience. I was even taught, in particular, in the Urals. But either I did not study too hard, or my teachers were so-so, but the process did not work out: either there was too much ink on the pen and blots were obtained, then the pen almost did not take them ...

Were you taught with a bird feather?

Himself. Moreover, there were some moments that remained incomprehensible to me: for example, the sharpening of a pen or the hardening process. In general, the preparation of the pen and the correspondence itself is a very delicate matter, in which there are a lot of nuances, and if one of them is not observed, the whole technology simply disintegrates. At the same time, I almost constantly need to add something, and this is a problem.

More recently, Leonenko Sr. (Igor Grigorievich Leonenko (1949-2005) - approx. ed.) until he died. For example, he added a sheet of paper from the Chelobitnaya Savva Romanov to me on paper of the 18th century ( examining the restored manuscript). He wrote, however, not with a bird, but with a metal pen. Today we have found another scribe with whom we are completing three leaves from the Gospel of the 16th century.

What about ink?

I cook the ink myself. It is not difficult to cook them. There are several items for boiling ink. I use alder cones. I cook according to a medieval recipe. And I get pretty good ink. Very much! In general, there are quite a few different authentic types of ink. So, there are soot ink ...

Which in Latin "atramentum ", even in Ancient Egypt were used in antiquity.

They are the most. In the manuscripts of the 18th - 19th centuries they are also quite frequent.

And inXXcentury used. Passed through the centuries ...

They went through, but this ink is not very good. But at least take a look at this booklet ( leafing through a manuscript rewritten using soot ink): look how many stains and all that kind of dirt.

That is why they switched to boiled ink, and later to ferrous ink.

Well yes. And so it was.

Denis, and in the process of your professional growth, the growth of your collection, did you begin to pay attention to some other book-writing traditions, say, the same Eastern Christian, but not Cyrillic, or even Arab-Muslim? Or are you limited to collecting only Slavic-Russian books?

I have come across manuscripts of other traditions and I have some of them. I have a certain interest, albeit small, in them. After all, each of these works also contains elements of high book culture. For example, some time ago I had a fairly significant number of Arabic books from the North Caucasus, Muslim, some are still there. There was a period when some of them were taken to Moscow ... For the most part, these are interpretations of hadiths. By the way, look what an interesting scroll I have ( deploy a parchment scroll of the Sephardic Torah on the table). I think that from Central Asia, Bukharian Jews wrote - a funny thing.

But in general, such books are for me "insofar as", because I do not understand them, and I love what I understand. I cannot read them, and in general they do not fit into the concept of my meeting and my life. Now, if I really were a collector, then maybe I would collect everything, but so ... For me, these are a kind of toys that I keep more for fun, but I don't see much sense in them.

Now the question is global. As you know, you cannot enter the same river twice, but still: in former times in Russia there was an immense environment in which traditional manuscripts were created and lived, there was a whole culture of their collection, correspondence and decoration. Among the collectors of handwritten books were representatives of the merchant class, the nobility, and even simple peasants. Revolution began XXin, and then the collectivization of the 1930s. this environment was almost completely destroyed, as was the culture of the traditional handwritten book itself: the overwhelming majority of our contemporaries not only can hardly make out the corresponding texts, but also know practically nothing about the book and manuscript tradition itself, which was quite widespread quite recently. Do you think it is possible today at least a partial revival of this phenomenon? What efforts on the part of society and the state should be made for this and are they needed at all?

Well, first of all, I think you're being too romantic. Still, the stratum of scribes and scribes, as well as collectors, has always been relatively small. When was she "immense"? In the XVIII century or what? And this environment has become a peasant only partly due to historical circumstances. Of course, there were those who “sowed the field, wrote a verse,” but initially it was a rather narrow circle of urban intellectuals. And only at the end of the 17th century, in connection with a radical change in the cultural mainstream, all this really goes to the social periphery.

In assessing the state of this environment at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, I would not be so optimistic either. Of course, at that time a significant part of the elite, including the imperial family, had an interest in traditional culture, art, medieval heritage, including books: various monuments were published, exhibitions were held, and all this was well paid - incomparably better than today. But for the most part, the elite and society as a whole continued to degrade, and we know how it ended. The processes were completely unambiguous: even the peasantry was decomposing, not to mention the nobility and the intelligentsia. All this massive degradation has been going on since at least the middle of the 19th century, and spiritually it began even earlier.

Degradation?..

She is the most. After all, scientific and technological progress is degradation. Absolute and irrevocable! Devilish deception, evil as it is. Here I completely agree with our famous comrade Herman, who Sterligov ( smiling). Well, judge for yourself: have you seen a lot of icons of St. Antipas? No? That's the same! But before his image was in every home!

Right in everyone?

It is in everyone or almost everyone! And all why? But because before, people, when there were no dentists there, prayed to Antipas for a toothache, but now it turns out that no one needs him. Well, who has an icon of St. Antipas? Unless I have it, and even then only because the letter is good.

Well, do you go to the dentist yourself?

Eh ... Yes, somehow not really ( laughs).

... And so, returning to your question, earlier, in the 90s, I, of course, had some optimism about some kind of revival. But what can I say: a few years ago, almost every evening, someone came to see me: they gathered, talked ... There are no others, but those are far away. But today I don’t believe in anything more or less massive for a long time and I don’t even see any objective prerequisites for that. Look out the window, see what our world has become, including people, thanks to scientific and technological progress! Television, radio and other such things have done their dirty deed. Of course, you can organize an exhibition, hold a master class or something like that, but all this will be just an instant in a twinkling kaleidoscope of endless shows. The people love the show. For an hour or two, he will be interested in something, and after leaving the threshold, he will immediately forget everything and go on hanging out: here you will find yoga, discos, Japanese calligraphy, and Thai massage, today he is “that”, and tomorrow “ this ”... I myself do not really want such an audience.

You spoke about the "immense environment". There is, of course, some truth in these words. But I am more than sure that if the average peasant woman had a TV, she would be much more pleased to watch the show "Let's Get Married" or the next episode of "Santa Barbara" than leafing through her face books. But then she simply had no alternative. People knew how to rejoice in little things, they knew how to appreciate even the little that they had. Technological progress, excessive comfort and an almost limitless variety of choices are confusing, corrupting like nothing else, and now we all live in a world of mannequins.

Today, something real, deep is definitely a rarity. And this applies to both things and people. After all, normal people who are not impersonal with progress, who are not satisfied with the consumer goods around them and want something genuine, pure, are rare. Although, of course, they have always been, are and will be. Actually, I see one of the meanings of my activity, my openness, precisely in finding such people, communicating, sharing knowledge and experience.

***

In the second part of the conversation, Denis will talk about his collection of Calvary, his trip to the Solovetsky Islands and the installation of a memorial cross there, as well as a recent trip to the Kolyasnikov desert, once founded by the mysterious old man Kapiton - one of the most mysterious figures in Russian history of the 17th century ...

Nikolai Vasilievich was born on December 1, 1951 in the city of Kirov. After leaving school he worked, served in the army. Graduated from the Faculty of Journalism of the Ural University in absentia. Since 1973, N. V. Perestoronin has been working in newspapers, first in the youth newspaper “Komsomolskoye tribe”, and then since 1987 in “Kirovskaya Pravda”, and since 1991 in “Vyatka Krai”.

The first poetic publications date back to 1968, when NV Perestoronin studied at the Molodist club. After that, poems began to appear in local and national newspapers and magazines, collective collections.

Perestoronin's first poetic book was published in 1981. "Footprints in the Snow" - one of the small books included in the "Origins" cassette. 1988 - the second book "Animal Farm". The third book of the poet was published in 1993.

N.V. Perestoronin is a member of the Union of Journalists of Russia, an honored worker of culture of Russia, a member of the board of a regional writing organization, a member of the expert council on culture at the department of culture and art of the Kirov region. About the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Perestoronin wrote in regional newspapers, the newspaper "Rossiyskiy literator", a film and programs were shot on the KGTRK "Vyatka".

Perestoronin, N. Alexandrovsky Garden [Text]: novel-mosaic / N. Perestoronin. - Kirov, 2001 .-- 192 p. (323022 - b / w, ab.).

Perestoronin, N.V.House on a high mountain [Text] / N. Perestoronin. - Kirov: Publishing House "Gertsenka", 2015. - 114, p. : ill., portra., photo. Autographed by the author. (346199 - TsKK)

Perestoronin, N. Friendly selection [Text] / N. Perestoronin, V. Fokin. - Kirov, 2008 .-- 117 p. (334291 - b / w).

Perestoronin, N. Life. Fate. Literature [Text] / N. Perestoronin. - Kirov, 2006 .-- 142 p. (334290 - b / w).

Perestoronin, N. Prayer for the Holy Land [Text] / N. Perestoronin. - Vyatka, 2007 .-- 224 p. (334289 - b / w).

Perestoronin, N. Window to Venice [Text] / N. Perestoronin. - Kirov, 2003 .-- 318 p. (295699 - b / w, ab.).

Perestoronin, N. Simonovsky Island [Text] / N. Perestoronin. - Kirov, 2003 .-- 64 p. (br. f. - b / w, ab., children b / w).

Perestoronin, N. V. Silver and gold [Text]: poetry, prose / N. Perestoronin. - Kirov: O-Brief, 2011 .-- 399 p. - (Anthology of Vyatka literature. T. 16.). (340170 - ab.).

Perestoronin, N. V. Serebryany amulet [Text]: poems, story, colic and perekoliki / N. V. Perestronin. - Kirov: Kirov region. printing house, 1997 .-- 128 p. (316499 - b / w, 315634 - ab.).

Perestoronin, N. V. Snowfalls of the twentieth century [Text]: poems / N. V. Perestoronin. - Kirov: Vyatskoe Slovo, 1993 .-- 47 p. (br.f. - ab., b / w).

13:55 — REGNUM

Today, May 8, Kaliningrad is celebrating a "quiet" memorable date. 72 years ago, on the eve of Victory Day, commander of the 11th Guards Army Kuzma Galitsky signed an order to perpetuate the memory of the soldiers and officers who died in the assault on Koenigsberg. It became the first monument on the planet to Soviet Soldiers-Liberators.

Let's read the text of the order, noting in it the prediction of the irrevocability of history:

“I order to build in the mountains. According to the approved sketch-project, a monument to Koenigsberg and the reburial of the corpses of those killed from divisional cemeteries, from settlements ... The commanders of units and heads of institutions take the allocation of people for construction with all seriousness and highlight the best specialists. To start work on the construction of the monument immediately, report on the progress of work every two days. "

Obviously, Galitsky received the order to erect a monument in Königsberg from the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. This means that even then - on May 8, 1945 (when the German fascist clique in Berlin had just surrendered) - Stalin knew that the capital of East Prussia would be ours.

In my opinion, this was precisely the historical value of the monument number 1 in Königsberg. Stalin, mindful of yesterday's Rheims provocation of the Allies with the signing of the surrender by Germany, made his move ahead of the curve: symbolically "staked out" Koenigsberg for the Soviet Union to all legal subtleties (hence, I think, the symbolic exception to the rule - the establishment of the medal "For the capture of the time when awards were dedicated only for the capture or liberation of European capitals).

Let me emphasize that more than three months remained before the Potsdam Conference, which approved the entry into the USSR of one third of East Prussia. And if Stalin was guided by the logic of perpetuating the memory of the feat of the Soviet soldier on enemy soil, then nothing prevented him from initiating the creation of the first monument in the German capital, especially the Berlin garrison surrendered on May 2. However, the monument to the Liberator Soldier in Treptower Park was opened only in 1949. And in Koenigsberg - all in the same 45th, less than two months after the meeting of the Big Three in Potsdam.

Let's go back to the construction of the monument. The head of the road department of the 11th Guards Army, Colonel Mikhail Bevzo... He was a career officer of the Red Army, three times the order bearer, Ukrainian by nationality, who had established himself back in the Civil. In the Great Patriotic War - from November 1941. The last military order - the Patriotic War I degree - was received in April 45 by Bevzo for the assault on Koenigsberg. We read in the order:

“In the January operation of this year and in the operation to storm the city of Konigsberg, Comrade Bevzo correctly assessed the situation and his tasks, prepared army roads in a timely manner. Despite the large flow of traffic, road parts, working round weave, eliminated all faults quickly and accurately. The personnel of the operational battalion, advancing with the advancing troops, quickly decorated the roads with pointers, slogans, posters, there were sufficient numbers of checkpoints that regulated the movement of transports.

Bevzo's first task was to find a prominent place under the memorial that was least affected by the hostilities. After British napalm bombing in August 1944, the historic city center was completely destroyed and turned into stone rubble. Ultimately, the choice fell on the then western suburb of Königsberg - the area of \u200b\u200bthe Ausfal Gate and Königsberg Observatory. There was a picturesque man-made rampart, on which it was decided to install a stele.

For the Guardsmen of the 11th Army, this place was stained with blood. The fact is that in the vicinity of this rampart the Nazis defeated the Shikhau concentration camp, and in April 1945 they turned the territory into one of the strongholds of the defense. It was the soldiers of the 11th Guards Army who knocked out the fascists who had settled in the city labor exchange (now this impressive building houses the Kaliningrad branch of the University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the street is named after General Galitsky).

The captured Germans dug a mass grave on the rampart. When they began to bring in the mutilated bodies of soldiers, a special team checked that only soldiers and officers of the 11th Guards Army were buried here. Therefore, the modern tourist bike does not stand up to criticism, which links the number of forts - twelve - around Königsberg and the number of buried soldiers - 1200. Say, symbolically, a hundred soldiers from each unit that took Königsberg's “night bed”.

No, dear reader, only the guardsmen of the 11th Army, who took Königsberg from the southern direction, rest in the mass grave. Warriors who entered from the north (first of all, this is the 43rd Army of General Afanasy Beloborodova and General's 50th Army Fyodor Ozerov), are buried in other memorials.

Nevertheless, according to the recollections of the Kaliningrad front-line soldiers, more than 1200 people were buried on the territory of the complex. Already when the stele rose, the bodies continued to be brought up, and then it was decided to put them in the nearest broken German bunker and cover them with earth.

The architects were artists Innokenty Melchakov and Sergey Nanushyan, and sculptors - a whole galaxy of Lithuanian artists under the leadership Juozas Mikenas (the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR specially came to the opening of the monument in Konigsberg Eustas Paleckis - the grandfather of a modern Lithuanian politician Algirdas Paleckis, who four years ago was condemned by the Lithuanian Themis for "denial of Soviet aggression").

It is curious that the sculptors sculpted figures from living people - the guards themselves. One of them is a sergeant Vasily Perestoronin, the other is a private Mikhail Polisadov... Both, judging by the "People's Feat" portal, are subordinate to the head of the construction site of the memorial, Mikhail Bevzo (apparently, there was no time to look for "models", given the tight deadlines).

Perestoronin commanded the support department of the 127th road-building battalion, Polisadov served as a sapper in the same construction battalion. But this, of course, does not mean that the guys did not smell gunpowder. Vasily Perestoronin was awarded the medal "For Courage", when in 1941, when attacking Velikiye Luki, with his own calculation - we read in the award order - "destroyed enemy firing points and manpower, and thereby ensured the advance of infantry units." Sapper Mikhail Polisadov in 1943 was seriously wounded while covering an advancing rifle unit on the Taman Peninsula.

The memories of the Lithuanian sculptor Juozas Mikenas, who before the war gained fame at international exhibitions in Barcelona and Liege, have survived. Mikenas writes that at first he wanted to create an "abstract image" of the Red Army's victory over Germany in the first German city. However, our soldiers dissuaded. We read the memoirs of Mikenas:

“The city is still burning, and in the burning city a Soviet person erects a monument to his contemporary, his comrade in arms, his brother. My head was on fire with unrealizable plans: I wanted to erect a monument to the skies - after all, as you think about the greatest feat of a simple Soviet man, dressed in a protective gymnast, a huge “granite rock” the size of a globe asks for ... ”.

But, according to the sculptor, "reasonable and well-aimed warriors' advice" helped to polish the sketches. For example, the soldiers "extinguished" the laurel wreaths that were supposed to adorn the collective image of the Soviet soldier. “You never know what you can think of in a fit of passion, and simple folk logic helped to discard the unnecessary, unnecessary,” the sculptor states diplomatically.

... The monument was opened on a stormy morning, September 30, 1945. In Pravda there was a big report, ending with the following words:

“New life triumphs in Konigsberg. The outpost of German aggression in the East, an age-old center of predatory Prussianism, has been broken. A new Konigsberg is being built. "

At the rally, General Kuzma Galitsky said (quote from Pravda):

“1200 of our best fighting friends, glorious sons of our great Motherland are buried here. The Red Army will forever preserve the bright memory of its fallen comrades. These were Stalin's pets. - a sign of popular gratitude of love to the hero-guards! "

The profile of Stalin from the medal "For Victory over Germany" and a quote from the Generalissimo were knocked out on the stele: "Our cause is just, we won." In 1961, after the XX Congress of the CPSU, the image of Stalin was cut off, "turning" the medal.

Victory's father returned only 44 years later. In 2005, when Kaliningrad was preparing with might and main for the 750th anniversary of Koenigsberg, veterans came up with the initiative to the governor Vladimir Egorov return Stalin. And the admiral supported the front-line soldiers.