Features of planting and caring for a garden lily of the valley bought. Kupena: planting, growing and care

Our gardens are filled with hundreds of wonderful plants, half of which are flowers. Unfortunately, we do not know some of them at all, and therefore do not understand how to properly care for these plants. Continuing the series of articles on garden flowers, today we are introducing a coupon and will try to tell as much as possible about a pretty plant for a summer cottage.

Kupena is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the lily family. The rhizome is neat, thick, horizontal and knotty. The stem is straight from below and arcuate to the top, about 40-60 cm high.

The leaves are large, oblong-ovate or elliptical, with prominent veins. The color of the leaves is green above and gray-green on the inside. The flowers are white, slightly greenish at the base, located in the axils of the leaves of the plant.

The plant looks very nice and is capable of decorating your garden with all originality, let's look at how to properly care for the bought one.

Location

Kupena is quite unpretentious. Grows well in semi-shaded or fully shaded areas. It can also grow on sunny sites, then it loses its visual effect - the stems grow slowly and the plant will only grow 30-40 cm in height.

The soil

The plant is practically undemanding to the soil, but it grows better on soil rich, well fertilized with humus or manure. Kupena loves moist soil, but rather badly treats groundwater and spring floods. It is very good if there is drainage in your garden area or snow is removed from the territory on time.

Care

Most interestingly, the kupena does not need any special care. It will be enough to plant it in a place prepared in advance, water it during dry weather and fertilize it once every few years. It is not even necessary to remove the weeds around the plant - the numerous plantings of the kupena greatly impede their germination.

Reproduction

The seeds of the plant are very rarely tied, since, due to the long and narrow perianth, pollination can only occur with the help of long-probed bumblebees. But there is an exception - broadleaf kupena, in which the berries ripen almost every year and in sufficient quantities.

Kupena vegetatively reproduces by segments of rhizomes. Rhizomes divide very easily. It is advisable to do this in August, when the renewal buds are already fully formed, but the process is also possible in the spring.

If you have chosen seed reproduction, then it must be carried out before winter. Do not forget to mark the area where the kupin is sown, since all species of kupin have underground germination.

The development of the seedling takes place underground, this process is slow, so that you can see the first leaves of the plant only next year. The flowering itself will have to wait even longer. But do not be discouraged when the plant is several years old, it will fully decorate your garden and may even grow. An adult kupena can exist in one place for up to 15 years.

Kupena multiflorous (video)

Medicinal properties

Kupena is often used for medicinal purposes. The whole plant is used - young shoots harvested in spring, leaves during flowering kupena, rhizome and berries, prepared in autumn. In the rhizome of the kupena, there are a number of alkaloids that work excellently in relieving rheumatic and neuralgic pains. Once upon a time, apparently for these reasons, Kupena was used to treat some pain, hernia and rheumatism.

Cupena's healing properties have been known from ancient times to this day:

• in Tibetan medicine, prepared rhizomes of the kupen are used for liver diseases, they were also used to treat sagging human skin and inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• it is believed that kupena is able to stimulate metabolism, increase immunity, improve appetite;
• even in the 15th century, healers of antiquity discovered that with the help of kupena it is possible to cleanse the kidneys and stomach;
• a certain tincture of kupena and honey has a wonderful effect on accelerating wound healing;
• in modern medicine, it has been established that kupena leaves have sedative properties, which means that drugs made from them can lower blood pressure;
• the fruits are bought, in turn, are curative for people who suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• a decoction from the shoots of the kupena has a positive effect on the human body, it stimulates the secretion of gastric juice and is even able to help in the treatment of chronic gastritis.

In fact, the leaves, shoots, berries and rhizomes of the plant are used medicinally in very many cases. But do not forget that you should not engage in self-medication and any decoction or infusion should be recommended only by a qualified doctor. Such a warning takes place due to the toxicity of the plant. If you use it incorrectly or in the wrong recipe, then poisoning of the body is possible, which will cause nausea, vomiting and indigestion. So, do not experiment with what you do not really know, just enjoy the beauty of a beautiful plant in your garden area and use the purchases simply as a good decoration for your own landscape.

Kupena is somewhat similar to a lily of the valley. As soon as it is not called by the people: deaf lily of the valley, kokornik, signet, solomon seal, wolf grass, wolf fang, core, raven berries... This unpretentious perennial is not only decorative, but also one of the medicinal plants.

Kupena is unpretentious and grows quickly

Description of the plant

(Polygonatum) Is a perennial rhizome herb, which in nature often grows in meadows and slopes. Lignified multi-generational (articular) rhizome is located horizontally near the soil surface. In spring, a new stem grows from the bud at the end of the root. In the fall, it dies off, leaving a mark that looks like a seal. By the number of small round scars with a depressed middle from last year's stems (“ Solomon's seal") Determine the age of the plant.

Ribbed stems covered with a thin smooth green skin, in some species with a reddish tint. The shoots are bent in a half-arc, large sessile oval-shaped leaves with smooth edges, a pointed tip and embossed veins are alternately located on them.

Blooming kupena and white lilac

Kupena as a medicinal plant

Kupena has long been referred to as medicinal plants that help with many diseases. Traditional healers use it, but do not forget about contraindications:

Kupena is a poisonous plant. Roots, grass, flowers and berries are emetic. Overdose can lead to more unpleasant, even dangerous, symptoms. Kupena is contraindicated during pregnancy (RB Akhmedov "Plants are your friends and foes").

This herb relieves pain, inflammation, stops bleeding and helps with severe coughs. But often self-medication leads to bad consequences. Therefore, without consulting a specialist, you should not use decoctions and infusions bought inside. Better to use fresh juice applied externally. It heals wounds well and heals abscesses.

Kupena is able to quickly heal wounds, bleeding abrasions, bruises, as well as relieve bruises and bruises.
The easiest way is to use a decoction: boil 2 - 3 tablespoons of chopped roots over low heat in 0.5 liters of water for 20 minutes. Use for compresses and lotions. Do not take internally, as this dosage is strong, it will immediately cause vomiting. For oral administration, the proportions are different. The plant is poisonous, it requires an attentive attitude towards itself (RB Akhmedov "Odolen-grass").

Kupena and mysticism

Kupena is often called " the seal of Solomon", or " Solomon seal "... There are two legends associated with this plant and the biblical king Solomon. In one of them, the king, who lived for a very long time, marked the kupena with his seal, so that it would be easier to find a medicinal plant that prolongs people's life. In the second legend, the tsar ordered to apply the same pattern to his seal, which he saw on the round scars on the rhizomes of the kupena.

From a dried piece of rhizome "with a seal" is made amulet strengthening family ties.

The peasants cut off those pieces that looked like a cross from the root and wore them as amulet from the evil eye, damage and anger of heavenly forces (lightning, hail, etc.).

Until now, healers speak on the "seal of Solomon" hernia .

A shoot of a kupena with an even number of leaves was called “ loupe ". In the old days, he was insisted on spring water, and then washed his face with it so that the damaged skin came off. They also found a shoot with an odd number of leaves, or “ foam ". They washed their face with such an infusion to reduce freckles and other age spots.

Burning bush ... Our beauty Kupena has nothing to do (except for a similar pronunciation) with dictamnus, or ash tree (Dictamnus). This southern perennial plant of the Rutovye family is well known in the Crimea and the Caucasus. During flowering, a characteristic pharmacy smell appears. The fruit smells like freshly ground cinnamon. The insidiousness of this flowering plant lies in the fact that a burn on the skin is felt only after a few hours, when watery blisters appear. After them, a wound remains. She heals for a long time. The ash is shrouded in ethereal vapors, so the flame burns them without damaging the plant itself. One gets the impression that the fire scorches him, but cannot ignite.

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Kupena is a relative of the lily of the valley, therefore it looks like it. For this similarity, the kupen is sometimes called the deaf lily of the valley. This plant is not only decorative, but also has medicinal properties.

Plant features

Kupena belongs to perennial plants. The underground part of it lives for many years, but the stem and leaves completely die off every year. Each spring, from the end of the rhizome, a new stem grows from the bud. In autumn it dries up, and yet another "seal" remains on the rhizome. So, from year to year, dead stems leave a scar on their thick knotty rhizome.

Kupena is a minimum of care and a maximum of positive emotions when contemplating bright green plants. The ability of the Kupen to form long-term thickets in shaded areas, on soils with varying degrees of moisture and fertility makes them indispensable for growing in parks and forest parks. Kupen cold-resistant, easily reproduce are practically not affected by diseases. Dicentra, hellebore, woodruff look good in partners with this plant. Kupena gives a good cutting material for bouquets and flower arrangements.

Popular types

There are various views bought : squat, fragrant, multi-flowered, broad-leaved, pharmacy and less often pinnate... The easiest way is to grow our usual forest buy medicinal (Poygonatum officinalis) or pharmacy... It is enough to dig it up in the forest in the spring and plant it in a shaded place on moist, moderately fertile soil. Since the plant is aggressive, the rhizome is dug out every 3-4 years, limiting the thickets of the kupena.

Reproduction

Multiply her mainly segments of rhizomes with renewal kidney. Planting should be done in late summer. Seeds it is quite difficult to multiply the kupena. One way is to sow in the open field in the winter immediately after the seeds have ripened.

Kupena in medicine

In our forests, the medicinal bush (Polygonatum officinalis) grows, which is widely used in folk medicine. Fresh leaves are applied to wounds, and boiled and in the form of poultices for bruises. For medicinal purposes, grass (stems, leaves, flowers), rhizomes are used. It is harvested in May-June, rhizomes - in late autumn. Fresh juice or a decoction of dry rhizomes treat wounds, remove freckles. In small doses, a decoction of rhizomes is used in the treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

Modern pharmacologists have proven that the fruits are curative for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases, back pain. A decoction of rhizomes is used for hernias and gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

A decoction of rhizomes kupena is used as an analgesic for rheumatism, for resorption of hemorrhages (bruises) with bruises and pustular skin diseases. The broth is prepared from fresh rhizomes: 40-50 g of them are boiled in 0.5 l of water for 10-15 minutes. After insisting and straining, the broth is used to prepare lotions and compresses.

If the rhizome of the kupena is cleaned of small roots, then you will notice that it all consists of joints. Such traces gave rise to the name of this herb "Solomon seal". Indeed, the rounded scars on the rhizome of the kupena can be remotely compared with the imprint of the seal of the famous king of the Jews, Solomon. According to legend, King Solomon marked the kupena with his seal as a useful plant that can prolong human life. There is a belief that the seal of Solomon has the power to unite two people.

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The article is devoted to the multifloral bush (the second name is garden lily of the valley): planting and caring for a plant in the open ground of a personal plot.

Kupena is a multicolored plant of the Asparagus family with medicinal and decorative properties.

Science knows 50 plant species, 3 of which are suitable for growing in the garden.

Description

A characteristic feature of the plant is a crocheted stem with drooping white bell flowers. Leaves are smooth, oval in shape with pointed ends. The knotted stem of the plant reaches 60 cm in height.

The fruits are bought round, blue-black in color, very toxic to humans - they cause severe vomiting. Due to its poisonous properties, the plant is popularly called the "wolf berry".

Kupena is common in the Northern Hemisphere, in temperate and subtropical climates.

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Kupena multiflorous

• Kupena multiflorous (Polygonatummultiflorum)- the most famous species of the Kupena genus. The herbaceous plant reaches 60 cm in height, has a smooth stem, oblong leaves on short petioles, 3-5 white bare flowers. The berries are blue-black, poisonous to humans. Has medicinal properties, is used in traditional medicine .
• Fragrant Kupena (Polygonatumodoratum)- a plant with bluish-green leaves and white drooping flowers. Reaches 90 cm in height. The flowering period is the month of May.
• Crescent-shaped Kupena (Polygonatumfalcatum)- stands out from the genus Kupena with pubescent green leaves, flowers with a greenish tint and black berries. Flowering occurs in late spring.

Care

A distinctive feature of the entire Kupen genus is the ability of a plant to grow in the same place for many years, creating a dense grass cover and not requiring weeding.

Temperature regime

The plant tolerates frost well without shelter in winter. During particularly dry and hot periods, additional watering is needed.

Watering

The watering regime depends on the type of bath. But the general recommendation for the frequency of watering is to be sure to do it during a drought period.

The multicolored kupena is watered moderately and regularly, maintaining a stable soil moisture. Broad-leaved Kupena is not often watered - it tolerates drought well.

Priming

The only requirement for the soil is fertility. To get a juicy, healthy plant, the kupena is planted in humus-enriched soil. Loosening of the soil during the growth of the kupena is not done so as not to damage the rhizome of the plant. Loosening is replaced by mulching.

Fertilizer

Ash is added to the soil before planting, and (10 g per 1 bush).

Fertilizer is applied to the soil only in cases where the plant had to be planted on completely depleted soil. The procedure is performed 2 times per season: at the beginning and at the end of spring. For fertilization, take complex and mineral mixtures. Sometimes the plant is additionally fed with manure and compost.

Growing conditions

For planting in open ground, a shaded place is chosen, while the composition of the soil does not play a special role. In an open area under the scorching sun, the kupena will grow sparsely, but it takes root well under the crowns of trees and shrubs.

The plant is planted on open ground at the end of summer. To do this, the selected area is dug to a depth of at least 20 cm and weeded from weeds. The soil is fertilized with mineral fertilizers with ash and planting holes are prepared. As a drainage, a mixture of crushed stone and sand is poured onto the bottom of the pits, filling it with compost.

Reproduction and planting

Vegetative division of the rhizome- the separated part of the rhizome with the stem is deepened into the prepared hole with drainage and compacted with soil. The depth for planting is 8-10 cm. The earth is compacted and thoroughly watered. The growth rate of the seedling is not great due to the poor root survival rate.

Planting part of the rhizome- for this type of reproduction, pits are made up to 30 cm deep and organic and mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil.

Propagation using seeds- seeds need stratification, otherwise, they germinate very poorly. The planted plant only blooms for 3-5 years. This type of breeding is not effective. Kupena grows in one place for up to 15 years.

Diseases and pests

The plant is resistant to pests and diseases. Snails and sawfly caterpillars only start during dry periods.

Use in landscape design

All the decorative value of the kupena is contained in the stems and leaves, since the flowers do not represent anything remarkable and bloom for no more than a month.

For decorative purposes the variety "Variegatum" is used. It is cultivated from the species Kupena crescent and is distinguished by leaves with white stripes along the edges. Kupena grows well alongside other plants. The type "Kupena squat" is perfect for landscape design - the plants form a dense uniform carpet up to 90 cm high. But this species does not like the close proximity of other flowers.

Kupena, like most ornamental garden plants, is very poisonous. If there are small children in the house, it may not be worth planting a coupon in a personal plot.

The unpretentious herb kupena, in addition to medicinal benefits, also has decorative and aesthetic properties. The temperate climate made the kupena resistant to temperature conditions, diseases and soil conditions. But to grow a healthy and succulent plant, follow all the suggested outdoor care guidelines.

Watch the following video about the drug purchase and its properties:

Almost all ornamental summer plants are natives of the distant tropics, which means that they are assigned the warmest, sunniest places in the flower bed. However, in every garden there is a secluded corner where life-giving rays rarely penetrate. A natural question arises: what to plant on such a site? When choosing plants for a shady flower garden, be sure to pay attention to the charming representative of the Asparagus family - Kupena. In nature, this modest, unpretentious plant lives in birch and coniferous forests of the temperate zone, which means it will not suffer from a lack of light. At the first glance at the kupena, you can easily guess in it the closest relative of the lily of the valley: the same beautiful leathery leaves and delicate bell-shaped flowers of white or greenish color.

The people call the forest enchantress in different ways - wolf grass, magpie eyes, bloodthirsty, hernia, pure tears, deaf lily of the valley, solomon seal. A legend is connected with the last name, according to which the ancient Hebrew king Solomon marked the healing herb with a magic ring. In the confrontation with the sworn enemy Asmodeus, the biblical ruler lost his wonderful amulet, and the memorable mark on the rhizomes of the kupena remained forever. The useful properties of the plant were appreciated not only by the legendary hero. Despite the fact that kupena is extremely poisonous, many ailments have been cured with it for many centuries. Healing decoctions are prepared from rhizomes to treat diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, hemorrhoids and radiculitis, and fresh leaf juice is used to treat wounds and dermatitis.

It remains only to add that the purchase is undemanding in terms of care and with its help you can effortlessly turn an abandoned corner of the garden into a lovely forest clearing.

When to plant

Theoretically, the kupena can be grown from seeds, but this process is too long and laborious, moreover, the germination of the material and the viability of seedlings leave much to be desired. It is much easier to purchase a grown strong seedling for the initial planting, and subsequently propagate the plant independently by dividing the rhizome.

As for the timing, the best time to plant the kupa is September. Bushes planted in spring will also take root, but they will adapt to new conditions longer and, most likely, will not bloom in the current season.

Landing rules

As mentioned above, the kupen should be planted in the shade or partial shade. In the sun, it will also grow, but the bushes habitual to coolness in an open place will look depressed and pale. The forest guest prefers soil that is well fertilized, neutral or slightly acidic. It is recommended to prepare the plot for autumn planting in the spring.

When digging grooves, be guided by the size of the root system of the seedling: the rhizome will need to be laid horizontally, and the sprouts should be buried in the ground by 2-3 cm. Water the plantings only if the soil on the site is too dry.

From the second year of life, the kupena begins to grow actively, "recapturing" space for itself from neighboring plants. Dig in sheets of old slate around the perimeter of the site, and those bushes that still manage to get out of the territory assigned to them, destroy or replant. If you allow the kupena to grow spontaneously, then in the near future it will “run” even on vegetable beds.

Basic care

Like any forest plant, Kupena is quite capable of growing and blooming without maintenance, but if you pay a little attention to it, the bushes will be more lush, and the flowering will be plentiful and long-lasting. Planting care measures are simple:

• Water the bushes abundantly and often in hot weather. The soil on the site should always be slightly moist. Don't get carried away! If, as a result of your efforts, the clearing turns into a swamp, then the roots will rot.
• The culture responds very gratefully to the introduction of organic matter - rotted mullein or mature garden compost. Top dressing is carried out in early spring or late autumn.
• It is recommended to periodically loosen the soil under the bunk and weed it in a timely manner, since it is the wildly growing weeds that most often cause the development of fungal infections.

Recipe for the occasion::

In addition to seasonal treatments, the bushes need to be rejuvenated by division every 5-6 years. Due to the toxicity of the plant, plant the compartment only with gloves and be sure to wash your hands with soap and water at the end of work.

Diseases and pests

The nature of the kupena is endowed with good health, but in unfavorable conditions it can become infected with gray vegetable rot. You will have to save the plantings with the help of fungicides (Fundazol, Maxim, Tattu).

Of the pests, the bushes growing in the shade attack slugs and leaf-eating caterpillars, against which Intavir and Thunderstorm preparations are effective, and so that gastropods are discouraged to climb into the flower garden, sprinkle the soil under the plants with ground hot pepper or dry mustard. The worst thing that can happen to a kupena is defeat by a nematode. There is no salvation from this pest, so damaged bushes should be immediately removed from the site and burned.

Kupena in the fall

At the end of the season, the aboveground part of the kupena dies off, and the rhizomes remain to winter in the ground. The indigenous inhabitant is resistant to cold weather, but in anticipation of a harsh and little snow winter, it will not be superfluous to insure and mulch the site with a heap of fallen leaves. In the spring, when the snow melts, rake the old foliage and wait for the new greenery to appear. Do not leave the shelter for a long time, otherwise the sprouts will grow.

Popular types

The genus Kupena in nature is represented by more than 50 species, of which about 10 are grown in culture. It is conventionally accepted to divide them into 2 groups. The first includes forms with dense, wide leaves and arched shoots, such as:

• Fragrant Kupena (medicinal, pharmacy) is a widespread plant in the middle latitudes 40–100 cm high with a straight faceted, slightly curved in the upper part, a stem and large, rigidly pubescent leaves. White-green tubular flowers, exuding a delightful aroma of bitter almonds, bloom in early summer, and after 2-4 weeks in their place fruits ripen - blue-black berries. In floriculture, variegated forms of fragrant kupen are in demand, the leaves of which are decorated with white veins and a light border.
• Kupena multiflorous is another popular representative of the genus. The plant is 30–80 cm high with elongated lanceolate bare leaves. Large (up to 2 cm in length) odorless greenish flowers, collected in bunches of 2–5 pieces, bloom in May and decorate the garden for 30–40 days. Garden variegated forms of the species, as well as cultivars with pinkish flowers, have proven themselves well.
• Broad-leaved kupena is the most drought-resistant variety of garden kupena. A fast-growing, long-rooted plant that forms dense clumps up to 50 cm high. Fragrant white flowers delight the eye from late May to mid-June.
• Squat Kupena (low) is an ideal view for decorating rockeries. Slow-growing bushes 15-30 cm high with large white-green flowers form nice compact "islets".

The second group is represented by erect species of Kupena with narrow lanceolate leaves:

• Kupena pink is a rather rare species in culture with graceful mauve flowers and bright red berries. The stems of the plant are 40–60 cm high and have an unusual reddish tint. Blossoms kupena pink in May-June.
• Whorled Kupena is an indigenous inhabitant of the Caucasus. Medium-sized (30–80 cm) plant with tubular white flowers and red fruits. Stems are faceted, strong. Lanceolate leaves are 15 cm long.

Sometimes, in a variety of sources, there is a description of an unburnt kupena, which, in fact, has nothing to do with kupena. This is the name of the ash-tree - a plant of the Rut family, which has the ability to light up with colorless fire in extreme heat. There is an explanation for this strange phenomenon: the ash tree emits flammable essential oils, which, evaporating under the rays of the sun, flare up. There is a burning kupena extremely rare, but this is perhaps for the best, since it is extremely dangerous to human health. Esters of the plant are not only flammable, but also toxic. From light contact with an amazing stranger, deep chemical burns remain on the skin, which will be extremely difficult to cure.

In the landscape, it is recommended to combine garden kupins with the same unpretentious and shade-tolerant plants as she herself: hosts, ferns, hellebore, dicentra, irises, woodruff. Flowers of a modest inhabitant of forests look great in bouquets and stand for a long time in cut.

But! Do not forget that the purchased ones are poisonous, so before planting, explain to the younger family members that you should never touch the plant, and even more so, taste beautiful berries and leaves.