Menorrhagia is typical for. Menorrhagia in women: what is it, treatment, causes, symptoms, signs

A disease characterized by profuse blood loss during menstruation is called menorrhagia. The neglected forms of this pathology can cause infertility, anemia, endometritis, disturbances in the work of the blood coagulation system. That is why the disease requires full and timely treatment under the supervision of a gynecologist.

Causes and forms

There are 2 forms of the disease: primary, manifested at the first menstruation, and secondary, which develops after several months or years of normal menstruation. Among the factors contributing to the development of both types of pathology, include:

1. instability of hormonal levels (for example, in girls in puberty);
2. unfavorable heredity;
3. dysfunction of the ovaries, uterine fibroids and other diseases of the reproductive system;
4. long-term use of anticoagulants;
5. diseases accompanied by blood clotting disorders;
6. installation of a spiral or other intrauterine contraceptives;
7. endocrine disruptions;
8. diseases of the liver, heart, kidneys, pelvic organs;
9. prolonged stay in stressful situations;
10. overwork;
11. abrupt climate change;
12. power sports;
13. improper nutrition.

Sometimes doctors diagnose women with idiopathic menorrhagia, a disease that occurs for no apparent reason.

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptom of the disease is profuse menstrual flow with large blood clots. In women suffering from this pathology, blood loss during menstruation exceeds 90 ml (at a rate of 45-50 ml). Besides, signs of the disease are:

1. metromenorrhagia - increased duration of menstruation;
2. deterioration in general health;
3. dizziness;
4. fainting;
5. bleeding from the nose;
6. bruises on the body for no apparent reason.

Very often in patients, profuse uterine bleeding develops not only during menstruation, but also after their end.

In most cases, to make a diagnosis of menorrhagia, the doctor only needs to listen to the patient's complaints, examine her anamnesis and make sure that she has signs of severe blood loss. If the gynecologist has doubts, then he can offer the woman to go through additional research:

Women prone to menstrual irregularities (MMCs) such as menorrhagia are advised to keep a menstrual calendar. In it, they are advised to describe in detail the duration of menstruation, the nature and volume of discharge.

Prevention measures

There is a whole range of measures to reduce the likelihood of pathology. So, doctors recommend to women at risk:

1. timely treat pelvic inflammatory disease;
2. refuse to engage in power sports;
3. exclude pronounced psycho-emotional stress;
4. comply with hygiene requirements;
5. live a healthy life;
6. refuse to travel to countries with too cold or hot climates;
7. quit smoking;
8. minimize alcohol consumption.

An important role in the prevention of the disease is played by regular check-ups with a gynecologist.

Pathology is treated both conservatively and surgically. The tactics of therapy are chosen by the doctor. At the same time, he takes into account the causes of the disease, the severity of its symptoms and the general condition of the sick woman.

Gentle therapy for menorrhagia is based on long-term use of oral contraceptives. The hormones contained in these drugs can reduce blood loss during menstruation by 40%. Women suffering from hypermenorrhea are also prescribed:

In cases where conservative therapy does not give the expected results, patients are referred for surgery. In addition, indications for surgical intervention can become:

1. serious violations in the work of the reproductive system;
2. genital trauma;
3. frequent relapses of the disease;
4. severe anemia.

There are several methods of surgical treatment of pathology. However, most often doctors perform uterine curettage or hysterectomy (amputation of this organ without appendages).

Women who are faced with the problem of menorrhagia are advised to give up self-medication. Uncontrolled intake of medications and oral contraceptives not only does not contribute to recovery, but also causes complications. With full and correct treatment under the supervision of a physician, the prognosis of the disease is favorable.

One of the most common manifestations of menstrual irregularities is hypermenorrhea, or excessively heavy periods. A negligent attitude towards this condition, which at least 30% of the fair sex experience throughout their lives, can result in serious consequences.

What is hypermenorrhea and how is it dangerous

Hypermenorrhea, heavy menstruation or menorrhagia are all names for the same condition - a severe form of menstrual bleeding that exceeds the norm both in terms of the volume of fluid secreted and in duration. Hypermenorrhea is one of the most common pathologies in modern gynecology: this condition is diagnosed in millions of women and spoils their lives very much.

Too heavy menstruation is dangerous with a large loss of blood. After some time, a woman develops iron deficiency anemia (decreased hemoglobin), which is manifested by fatigue and shortness of breath. Constant care of hygiene, replacement of hygiene products and severe pain, usually accompanying hypermenorrhea, become problems.

Symptoms of pathology

For a woman, menstruation is another beacon that demonstrates the general condition of the body, and in particular, the reproductive system. Interestingly, the number of women who have experienced menstrual irregularities at least once in their lives is steadily approaching 100%. At the same time, being an unconditional sign of a pathological condition, menstrual irregularities are rather a general symptom that can be characteristic of a huge variety of diseases and disorders.

Hypermenorrhea is one of the rare gynecological diseases in which symptoms are more indicative than tests. The main symptom of menorrhagias is the duration of critical days for more than 7 days. Bleeding during menstruation is almost always so severe that women have to change their hygiene products after 1 to 2 hours, even at night.

If the average volume of blood loss during the normal period is 30-40 ml per day, then with hypermenorrhea 9 out of 10 women lose more than 80 ml of blood, which means that menstruation is already becoming uterine bleeding.

Almost always, the condition is accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen. The secretions may contain large blood clots or pieces of tissue that look like chicken liver. With heavy bleeding in women, spontaneous fainting and weight loss are possible.

The reasons

All the causes of this condition are still unknown, therefore, an accurate diagnosis is made in only half of the patients. But factors that contribute to the development of pathology are known:

• hormonal disorders , including those associated with the thyroid gland;
• ovarian dysfunction;
• fibroids , fibroids, polyps and adenomyosis (proliferation of endometrioid tissue) of the uterus, weakness of the muscle tone of the organ;
• complications of pregnancy: miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy;
• female organ cancer, chemotherapy of oncological tumors;
• hereditary bleeding disorders;
• taking medicationsblood thinners (anticoagulants);
• pelvic inflammation;
• vascular diseaseassociated with the thinning of their walls or increased fragility.

Hypermenorrhea can be associated with uncontrolled use of birth control pills. Women choose the wrong drug or take it irregularly, periodically not finishing the package or starting to take pills with a delay.

Also, increased secretions are a side effect of the IUD (intrauterine devices), but after adaptation (after 2-4 months), the cycle is normalized.

Diagnostics for hypermenorrhea

If the duration of critical days was violated once or twice, this condition cannot be considered menorrhagia, it can be caused by a cold or overheating during bleeding and other reasons. If the problem persists, you need to consult a gynecologist.

At the reception, you will need to provide the following data: how long the critical days lasted in the last 3 months, how much fluid was approximately lost. You can measure the volume using a special device - a woman's menstrual cup - a mouthguard that replaces a tampon or pad.

To assess your overall health, the doctor will prescribe a number of tests:

• blood test for hemoglobin, hormones, tumor markers and coagulation;
• vaginal swab for the presence of STIs and cancer cells;
• Ultrasound to assess the condition of the pelvic organs, including the uterus, ovaries;
• hysteroscopy - examination of the uterus using special equipment.

If, upon examination and analysis, cervical dysplasia (a dangerous precancerous condition) is detected, a biopsy will need to be done, in which the doctor will take the cells for analysis to clarify the diagnosis.

Treatment and prevention

Treatment of hypermenorrhea depends on the characteristics of the situation of each patient and may include such measures as:

• drug therapy, including combined oral contraceptives that regulate the menstrual cycle, or separate hormones to restore balance;
• anti-inflammatory drugs (if there is inflammation);
• iron preparations in pills or injections that increase hemoglobin;
• painkillers, antispasmodics, drugs that reduce blood loss, etc.

In addition, if a reason associated with surgical pathologies is found, one of the operations will be required:

• Curettage of the uterus (curettage). The procedure is performed if the gynecologist considers it necessary to remove the inner layer. Such an operation may be required, for example, with an overgrown endometrium, after a miscarriage or medical abortion, if the remains of the ovum remain in the uterus, etc.
• Uterine artery embolization - this low-traumatic operation is performed for fibroids. The procedure consists in injecting a special drug into the arteries that supply blood to the myomatous node. Once in it, the drug blocks the blood flow, and the fibroid dries out. This procedure does not require opening the abdominal cavity - the drug is injected through a catheter inserted into a vein in the thigh.
• Hysteroscopy... A minimally invasive procedure prescribed for examining the uterus and simultaneously eliminating its defects - polyps, fibroids, etc. The gynecologist inserts a miniature apparatus through the vagina - a hysteroscope, consisting of a video camera and mini-instruments, after which he can perform any actions - take organ tissue for analysis, examine questionable areas, remove neoplasms.
• Endometrial ablation... This is a modern alternative to curettage, performed during hysteroscopy. The task is the same - to remove the layer of the pathological endometrium, but instead of classical surgical instruments, the doctor uses ultrasound, radio waves, chemicals, etc.
• Myomectomy . Removal of fibroids with preservation of the uterus. Various gentle methods can be used, including hysteroscopy or laparoscopy. In laparoscopy, the apparatus is inserted through punctures in the abdominal wall.
• Hysterectomy- removal of the cervix or organ completely. Such an operation is required if the condition threatens the patient's life or has no chance of a cure.

Situations any woman can face: questions and answers about hypermenorrhea

• Can discharge be abundant during the first menstruation?

Many teenage girls experience an unstable cycle. They do not know what to do, because their own experience in this matter is still not enough, and it is not always convenient to ask mom for advice. The main thing that worries patients in this case is whether it is necessary to treat such a condition or is it a manifestation of the norm.

The first discharge can last 3-10 days, while the body gets used to a new state for it. But after a few months, the cycle should return to normal.

If your periods last more than 7 days or they are very abundant, you need to contact a good gynecologist, as there is a clear manifestation of hypermenorrhea. But even with an abundant period, doctors insist on examining and treating hypermenorrhea already on the basis of an increase in the duration of menstrual flow.

The cause of hypermenorrhea in adolescents most often becomes hormonal imbalance, therefore, treatment is aimed at stabilizing the hormonal background and can be carried out both by medication (hormonal therapy) and by other methods, such as physiotherapy.

Hypermenorrhea can go away in a girl on its own, but you should not hope for this, since during this time severe anemia will develop, accompanied by weakness and fainting.

• Can hypermenorrhea develop against the background of multiple cervical polyposis, fibroids or fibromas?

Abundant and prolonged periods with thick brown lumps are a classic example of hypermenorrhea developing against the background of benign neoplasms - polyps, myomas, uterine fibroids.

Treatment in this case will be determined by the results of the diagnosis, which usually includes an ultrasound of the uterus, examination of the neoplasm with a hysteroscope, biopsy (taking a piece of the neoplasm or polyp), blood test for tumor markers. These measures are necessary to exclude the malignancy of the neoplasm. Hypermenorrhea can be a symptom and oncology.

If, according to the results of analyzes and hardware studies, the doctor reveals even a minimal likelihood of developing a cancerous tumor, the treatment will most likely require an operation to remove the tumor, after which the cycle will normalize.

In other cases, the tactics of treatment depend on the size of the neoplasm and the condition of the woman.

• Can hypermenorrhea be cured with pills?

It is drug therapy that is the priority and most common for the effective treatment of profuse monthly discharge.

As for the drugs that can be prescribed in this case, the focus is most often on the following drugs:

• hormonal drugs- the normalization of hormonal levels is often achieved precisely by prescribing oral contraceptives, which include progesterone and estrogen;
• hemostatic agents - allow to stop uterine bleeding, preventing profuse blood loss;
• iron preparations - make it possible to restore the level of hemoglobin, prevent the development of iron deficiency anemia;
• anti-inflammatory drugs- are aimed at stopping bleeding and excluding the inflammatory nature of hypermenorrhea;
• vitamin—mineral complexes - in combination with proper nutrition and regular moderate physical activity, they allow to achieve the normalization of the general condition of the body.

Prevention of hypermenorrhea

The best prevention of any female disease, including menorrhagia, is a regular examination by a gynecologist. Visiting a doctor every six months, you will not miss a single pathology, even if it has not yet shown itself to be symptoms.

About doctors

Make an appointment with the highest category obstetricians-gynecologists - and today. We will do our best to receive you as quickly as possible. The Raduga clinic is located in the Vyborgsky district of St. Petersburg, just a few minutes walk from the Ozerki, Prospekt Prosvescheniya and Parnas metro stations. Look.

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Intravenous injection (no medication cost, drip)

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Lancing of the Bartholin gland cyst

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Laser removal of cervical cysts (Ov. Naboti) - 1 unit.

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Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea) is prolonged and profuse uterine bleeding during menstruation, the interval between which is significantly reduced.

In women suffering from menorrhagia, menstruation is usually prolonged (7 or more days), while the patient loses about 100 ml of blood.

The main symptom of menorrhagia is not only a profuse discharge of blood, but also the presence of clots in it.

Large blood loss sometimes provokes the occurrence of such complications as anemia. After heavy menstruation, this is a fairly common phenomenon in which a woman has:

- feeling of weakness,

Deterioration of health

Dizziness,

Faintness.

Sometimes menorrhagia causes bruising and bruising on the body, as well as bleeding gums and nosebleeds. At the same time, menstrual bleeding is so profuse that a woman has to change sanitary napkins or tampons every hour. Every woman should know that too heavy menstruation is a reason for contacting a professional who will help solve this problem.

Why does menorrhagia occur?

The following disorders can cause menorrhagia:

- hormonal imbalance, especially in adolescents and women of pre-climatic age;

Diseases of the female reproductive system (fibroids, polyps, uterine adenomyosis) caused by hormonal imbalance in the woman's body;

Complication when using intrauterine contraceptives;

Poor blood clotting due to vitamin K deficiency, thrombocytopenia, or medication that affects blood clotting;

Diseases of the thyroid gland, liver, heart and kidneys can cause menorrhagia.

That is why, with heavy menstruation, the specialists of our clinic recommend a consultation with a therapist and an endocrinologist in order to exclude general somatic and endocrine causes of bleeding and any factors that force the body to activate the mechanisms of adaptation to new conditions (excessive loads, a sharp change in climate) provoke the development of menorrhagia.

In addition, menorrhagia is often inherited through the female line.

Diagnosing menorrhagia

With any bleeding, the doctor is initially obliged to exclude the patient's pregnancy, especially an ectopic one. To do this, in the laboratory of our clinic, it is necessary to take a blood test for pregnancy (to detect the hormone chorionic gonadotropin in the blood).

To find out the reasons for the appearance of menorrhagia, the doctor examines the female genital organs.

During the inspection, the possible presence of:

- tumors;

Polypov;

Foreign bodies;

Inflammatory processes;

Traumatic injury.

If there are suspicions of various pathologies of the uterus or ovaries, the doctor, in addition to ultrasound, prescribes a biopsy, hysteroscopy, analysis of endometrial tissue and curettage.

The technical base of the laboratory of our clinic allows us to examine the patient's blood:

- for hemoglobin;

For clotting;

To determine the hormonal background;

Not tumor markers.

If the patient's menstruation is too heavy, then she is recommended to keep a menstrual calendar to note the duration, nature and abundance of discharge.

How is menorrhagia treated?

In their practice, the doctors of our clinic use two methods of treating menorrhagia:

- therapeutic (medication);

Surgical.

Medication includes taking anti-inflammatory drugs and hormonal contraceptives in combination or separately. Hormonal drugs contain the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which inhibit the growth of the endometrium and thus reduce the volume of secretions.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are very effective in treating menorrhagia, but in some patients they provoke irritation of the stomach lining.

Surgical treatment for menorrhagia is used for:

- damage to the genital organs or their physiological disorders;

Recurrent menorrhagia;

Iron deficiency anemia.

If medical treatment for menorrhagia is ineffective, then doctors use the following surgical procedures:

1) Removal of the uterus (histrectomy). Such an operation makes it impossible to get pregnant, so it is very rare for women of reproductive age. After a histrectomy, the woman's body recovers quickly enough.

2) Examination of the walls of the uterus using a special instrument. Using this procedure, it is possible not only to diagnose violations, but also to eliminate them. Before the examination, the doctor prescribes an analysis for hepatitis B, syphilis, determination of the patient's blood group, her Rh factor. Treatment of menorrhagia with this method is effective in about 80 percent of cases.

Every woman should remember that menorrhagia is a serious illness. Treatment must be urgent. Therefore, in no case should you postpone the visit to the doctor, in order to avoid irreversible consequences. Be attentive to your health!

Menorrhagia called profuse uterine bleeding during menstruation, which is accompanied by the release of blood clots. In addition to large blood loss, the characteristic symptom of menorrhagia is poor overall health, dizziness and even anemia. The causes of menorrhagia can be a violation of the reproductive system, diseases of the female genital organs, stressful situations and an improper lifestyle. In order to diagnose menorrhagia, a woman undergoes a gynecological examination, an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, an analysis of a gynecological history, and more. Treatment of menorrhagia can be therapeutic (with drugs that stop the blood) and surgical (scraping the walls of the uterus, as well as removing the uterus itself in more severe cases).

Menorrhagia - what is it?

Menorrhagia (or heavy menstruation) - prolonged uterine bleeding, which is repeated at regular intervals. If bleeding during menstruation exceeds 150 ml for more than 7 days, it is customary to diagnose menorrhagia. This disease can be a sign of a violation of the female reproductive system. Inflammatory processes in the uterus, ovarian dysfunction, uterine fibroids, neuropsychological fatigue - all this can be the cause of menorrhagia. As a rule, menorrhagia entails a disruption of the normal working capacity of a woman. Heavy menstruation can later even cause anemia. According to statistics, 35-37% of women of reproductive age are diagnosed with menorrhagia. Finding menorrhagia in yourself is not difficult. If a woman notices that during menstruation she began to change tampons or pads more often, if menstruation is so abundant that personal hygiene products do not have time to absorb blood, and blood flows onto the bed or clothes, then such abundant menstruation indicates the development of menorrhagia.

Menorrhagia in adolescents

We have found out what menorrhagia is. Let us now try to figure out why menorrhagia is so common in adolescents. Most often, menorrhagia occurs in adolescents aged 13-17 years. It is during this period that the formation of hormonal levels occurs. The main cause of heavy menstruation in adolescents is an imbalance in the hormones estrogen and progesterone. It is these hormones that are involved in the processes of maturation and, as a result, the rejection of the endometrium of the uterus.

Menorrhagia is especially difficult during adolescence. Therefore, as soon as a teenager discovers in himself the main symptom of this disease, namely constant heavy menstrual bleeding, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor. Usually, the effectiveness of the treatment of such a disorder can be assessed only six months later. This period is necessary for the final restoration of menstrual bleeding in a normal volume. After undergoing effective treatment, a teenager must be registered with a gynecologist and visit a doctor twice a year.

The main causes of menorrhagia

One of the main causes of menorrhagia is hormonal imbalance (or, in other words, hormonal levels), which can lead to the appearance and development of menorrhagia. The risk group includes both a teenager who has recently begun menstruation and a woman who has entered menopause. That a teenager, that a woman experiencing menopause, is experiencing hormonal changes, which can take place with certain disruptions of the endocrine system.

Another important reason that should be paid attention to, and which causes the development of menorrhagia, is a violation of the reproductive system, leading to a particular disease. Such a disease can be ovarian dysfunction, uterine fibroids, fibroma, uterine adenomyosis, polyps. All this can trigger the onset of menorrhagia. Menorrhagia can also occur if there is a benign tumor in the uterus.

A possible cause of the appearance and development of menorrhagia can be the incorrect use of an intrauterine contraceptive. Such a drug leads to a side effect, which is heavy menstrual bleeding. If a woman using intrauterine contraceptives notices the appearance of heavy menstruation in herself, she must immediately stop using this drug. Otherwise, there is a risk of developing menorrhagia.

In some cases, such a phenomenon as menorrhagia can be a symptom of a serious illness, for example, cancer of the female reproductive system (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.). The reason for the appearance of profuse bleeding, repeated with enviable regularity, can be an ectopic pregnancy. Menorrhagia can also be triggered by a blood disorder associated with a blood clotting disorder. Menorrhagia can be caused by a lack of vitamin K in a woman's body, as well as a condition such as thrombocytopenia. In very rare cases, heavy periods can be hereditary and transmitted from mother to daughter.

Menorrhagia disease can be triggered by diseases of the kidneys, pelvis, thyroid gland, liver and heart. Endometriosis can also trigger the development of menorrhagia. According to doctors, there are a great many reasons for the appearance and development of menorrhagia in women. Menorrhagia can even be caused by experienced stress, overwork, an increased level of physical exertion that a woman experiences, and even a change in climatic conditions.

Whatever the reason for the development of menorrhagia, having found the symptoms of this disease in herself, a woman should immediately consult a doctor. The first step is to consult with a therapist and endocrinologist in order to exclude possible somatic and endocrine causes of the development of menorrhagia.

Menorrhagia symptoms

So, having found out that menorrhagia is prolonged and profuse uterine bleeding during menstruation, it will not be difficult to determine the symptoms of this disease. The main symptom is profuse menstrual flow, in which a woman loses significantly more blood than during normal menstruation. Another symptom must be considered a prolonged period of bleeding, which once again confirms the diagnosis of menorrhagia. If menstruation lasts more than seven days, then this is a sure sign of the development of menorrhagia in a woman. Menstrual flow with menorrhagia proceeds with blood clots. Additional symptoms of menorrhagia are weakness, dizziness, general malaise, and fainting.

Diagnosing menorrhagia

It is necessary to diagnose as soon as a woman develops certain symptoms characteristic of menorrhagia. As stated earlier, primary menorrhagia is characterized by profuse bleeding during menstruation. To begin with, the doctor must rule out a possible pregnancy. For this, a pregnancy test is performed. The second mandatory procedure for diagnosing menorrhagia is a blood test in order to detect chorionic gonadotropin in it. Anamnesis data, accounting for the course of past pregnancies, the complexity of the course of childbirth, taking a particular medication in the past are also important for diagnosis.

Laboratory diagnostics for menorrhagia helps to examine the level of hemoglobin, as well as to carry out a proper biochemical blood test and conduct a coagulogram to determine the hormonal background. Menorrhagia is also determined by analysis using CA 19-9 and CA-125 tumor markers.

To determine menorrhagia, your doctor may order a Pap smear test. This analysis makes it possible to detect precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix.

For all women with suspected menorrhagia or those who have been accurately diagnosed with menorrhagia, doctors recommend starting a menstrual calendar, where every month a woman notes the duration of her menstruation, as well as how profuse the menstruation is. Determining whether your period is heavy or not is very simple - just pay attention to how often the pad or tampon is changed.

Therapeutic treatment of menorrhagia

Therapy for a disease such as idiopathic menorrhagia is performed depending on one reason or another that caused this disease, as well as taking into account the duration of menstruation and how heavy the menstrual bleeding is. Doctors forbid self-medication, especially when it comes to menorrhagia in a teenager.

Medical treatment of a disease such as menorrhagia involves the use of oral contraceptives (hormonal drugs) that would regulate hormonal balance. It is known that a prescribed hormonal preparation containing estrogen and progesterone can prevent and prevent endometrial overgrowth, as well as reduce the amount of menstrual bleeding by more than 40-45%. The selection of a hormonal drug should be carried out only by a gynecologist. The drug should be taken strictly according to the doctor's prescription.

For a woman with prolonged menorrhagia, her doctor will prescribe an iron supplement to prevent the development of possible iron deficiency anemia. Doctors often prescribe rutin or ascorbic acid to reduce bleeding during menstruation.

For the treatment of menorrhagia, an anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen is also prescribed, which affects the level of menstrual bleeding, as well as its duration. In the case of very heavy bleeding, special hemostatic drugs are prescribed: calcium chloride (gluconate), dicinone, aminocaproic acid and others.

In addition to medications, the best treatment for a woman is a restoring daily regimen, restoring the balance of work and rest, normalizing sleep and nutrition. As soon as menstruation ends, it is necessary to carry out a course of special physiotherapeutic procedures, which involve about 15-17 separate procedures for ozokerite and diathermy. In special cases, the treatment of menorrhagia is not limited to drugs. In some situations, menorrhagia requires urgent treatment in the form of surgery.

Surgical treatment of menorrhagia

In the case of a recurrent course of a disease such as menorrhagia, with a physiological disorder, as well as with possible damage to the genital organs and anemia that has arisen, with ineffective treatment with medication, surgical treatment is prescribed. To begin with, it is necessary to carry out such a procedure as hysteroscopy, which helps to identify any existing pathology of the uterus (for example, endometrial polyps) and timely eliminate it. Curettage of the uterine cavity can markedly reduce menstrual bleeding, thereby alleviating the symptoms of menorrhagia, but the results of such treatment may be short-lived. Therefore, in some cases, special surgical treatment is necessary. In the case of menorrhagia in the presence of polyps or fibroids, the disease is treated by prompt removal of the uterus. Such surgical treatment of menorrhagia is prescribed for women after 40-45 years. If the woman is younger, such surgical treatment is used in especially severe cases.

Prevention of menorrhagia

Compliance with preventive measures will help prevent the development of menorrhagia in both adolescents and women of mature age. Such preventive measures include abstinence from heavy physical exertion, refusal from heavy strength exercises. It is necessary to avoid stressful situations and not overwork. Changes in climatic conditions also play a role in the development of menorrhagia. Taking multivitamins such as vitamins B and C, iron and folic acid are also preventive measures in preventing menorrhagia.

It is an integral part of the life and health of every woman. After ovulation, menstruation occurs, in which blood loss is usually 50 to 80 ml. Menorrhagia in women causes heavy bleeding during menstruation. In this case, blood loss is about 120-180 ml. It develops for various reasons, and without treatment it can lead to inflammation of the uterus and other genital organs. Why does menorrhagia occur, what is it and how to treat it?

On average, one in five women have or have had menorrhagia. She did not know what it was, so she did not go to the doctor, referring to excessive sports loads or other factors. This is a huge mistake, because large blood loss disrupts the body's work and can cause inflammation in the genitals.

Menorrhagia is a pathological form of menstruation, in which a woman's blood loss is 120-180 ml of blood. In this case, the period of menstruation can expand from one week to two. A woman in this state experiences a severe loss of strength, dizziness, pain in the lower abdomen, often extremely severe.

Due to profuse bleeding, the body loses a lot of red blood cells, and with them iron, therefore, hemoglobin in the blood decreases. This leads to shortness of breath, dizziness, pallor, hair loss and other unpleasant consequences.

Menorrhagia and metrorrhagia

These two concepts are consonant, both are characterized by profuse bleeding, but metrorrhagia differs from menorrhagia in that blood loss does not occur during menstruation, but at any period of the menstrual cycle. The causes of this disorder are cancers of the reproductive system, hormonal disruptions, or serious pathologies, for example, fibroids or cervical erosion.

Menorrhagia causes

From doctors you can hear the phrase "idiopathic menorrhagia", which means that the causes of the pathology of the menstrual cycle are associated with abnormalities in the health of the body. Much less often, this disease is caused by a genetic predisposition.

The main causes of menorrhagia are:

• violation of hormonal levels;
• genital infections;
• destructive diseases of the female genital organs (ovarian cystosis, uterine myoma, polyps in the endometrium, endometriosis);
• bleeding disorder, hemophilia;
• improper installation of the intrauterine device;
• increased physical activity, constant stress.

The main factor in the development of menorrhagia is hormonal disorders. Basically, this pathology occurs in adolescents and women before menopause. At this time, the hormonal background is unstable, the level of estrogen is constantly changing, so the body does not have time to rebuild.

In adolescents, along with the stabilization of the menstrual cycle, menorrhagia usually disappears.

Sexually transmitted infections and bleeding disorders also lengthen the period of menstruation, making it more abundant and painful. As for endometriosis, menorrhagia with it occurs due to the large amount of mucous that needs to be removed from the uterus during menstruation, so the body loses more blood.

Menorrhagia symptoms

Having figured out what menorrhagia is, and what factors become its causes, you need to remember the manifestations of pathology. The symptoms of hypermenorrhea (the second name of menorrhagia) are acute, so it's easy to recognize them:

• profuse bleeding, not only in the first days of menstruation;
• an increase in the duration of the period of menstruation;
• presence in the discharge;
• severe cutting and pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• frequent dizziness and;
• pallor and tremor of the hands;
• nausea and appetite disorder;
• fainting and constant sleepiness.

If menstruation is accompanied by similar symptoms, you need to consult a gynecologist, because the treatment of menorrhagia requires a detailed preliminary examination, ultrasound and tests.

Menorrhagia treatment

Menorrhagia, the treatment of which should be started immediately after its detection, can lead to serious complications: anemia, development of inflammatory processes in the uterus and ovaries, deterioration of the body's resistance to infections, thickening of the endometrium, which worsens the course of the disease.

Diagnostics

Home procedures or alternative methods can only take up precious time and complicate the situation, therefore, with symptoms of hypermenorrhea, you should immediately contact a gynecologist. First, an examination is required to help detect abnormalities associated with the cervix or infections. After it, an ultrasound of the pelvic organs is required, which can detect diseases of the uterus, ovaries and other genital organs. In addition, you need to take a blood test that can show the presence of some infections or problems with clotting.

Primary therapy

Treatment for menorrhagia depends on the cause. If it is caused by an infection, it must be treated with antibiotics or antiviral drugs. In the case of other diseases of the genital organs, you must first cope with them through surgery or therapy.

Hypermenorrhea in adolescents and women in premenopausal age is rarely treated, because it is a normal consequence of hormonal changes in the body. Iron supplements, safe pain relievers, and anti-inflammatories may be used to relieve symptoms.

Supportive therapy

In addition to the treatment itself, patients with hypermenorrhea require supportive therapy that will control the composition of the blood and improve its recovery. Support measures include:

• diet;
• taking vitamin and mineral complexes;
• physiotherapy.

The diet of a woman with menorrhagia should be rich in iron-containing foods, protein and B vitamins. It must contain meat (beef, pork, veal), poultry and fatty fish, dairy products, legumes and cereals, cereals and flour products, greens ( spinach and lettuce), nuts and dried fruits.

Women should not give up sweets, because glucose will help relieve dizziness and severe pain, and facilitate blood restoration.

Together with blood, the body loses vitamins and minerals, the lack of which inhibits the synthesis of new erythrocytes and other blood cells, therefore, during the course of treatment, it is imperative to take vitamin and mineral preparations.

Physiotherapy includes relaxing and restorative procedures: walking in the fresh air, gymnastics. But saunas, baths and warm baths should be excluded during treatment, because they dilate the blood vessels in the body, and blood loss from this increases. For the same reason, in no case should you relieve pain by applying a warm heating pad to your stomach or lower back.

Prevention of menorrhagia

The main preventive measure is regular visits to the gynecologist. Every woman should go to see her doctor at least once every six months, and it is better to do this every season. Regular examinations will help prevent the development of pathologies of the genital organs, control the effect of permanent contraceptives, and will also allow you to detect and cure sexually transmitted diseases in time.

Teenage girls and women of age need to closely monitor their cycle, exclude any heavy physical exertion a week before menstruation, worry less and not go on diets so as not to disrupt the shaky hormonal background.

If menorrhagia is caused by genetic factors and it is impossible to get rid of it, then it is imperative to support the body with adequate nutrition, moderate exercise, preparations with iron, as well as a small intake of sweets. With poor blood clotting, you can pick up drugs with your doctor that will help improve this process and take them during your period.

Menorrhagia becomes a problem for every fifth woman, but few realize about it, do not go to the doctor and worsen their health. It is necessary to closely monitor the abundance, duration and regularity of menstruation, because they reflect the state of a woman's health.