You can do IVF if you have fibrocystic breast disease. Compatibility of fibroadenoma and in vitro fertilization

Often, doctors recommend that women become pregnant when breast tissue grows. But how are mastopathy and pregnancy interrelated? Let's tell.

Women of reproductive age are very often faced with a disease such as fibrocystic breast disease. Many experts in such a situation advise the patient to become pregnant as soon as possible and start breastfeeding. Let's see how compatible mastopathy and pregnancy are, what are the risks.

What is mastopathy?

This is a disease in which the structure and shape of the mammary glands changes, their tissues grow pathologically, discharge from the nipples is often present, swelling, soreness of the breast is noted.

The cause of pathological changes is often hormonal disorders, trauma, inflammation in the small pelvis. The contributing factor is also heredity and the absence of pregnancy and childbirth in women under 30 years of age.

Mastopathy is more common between the ages of 30-50, but it can also occur at the end of puberty. The disease is very common; specialists find pathological changes in the tissues of the mammary glands in about 50% of women.

How does mastopathy manifest itself during childbearing, and can pregnancy be healed? In 80% of cases, pregnancy and prolonged breastfeeding lead to a complete cure of the woman. First of all, this is due to hormonal changes in the body. Experts identify several positive aspects of pregnancy with mastopathy:

As you can see, mastopathy and pregnancy are completely compatible. The only thing doctors warn about is the danger of lactostasis immediately after the birth of a child. In this case, the condition of the mammary glands may deteriorate markedly. This usually happens if a woman refuses to breastfeed her baby, incorrectly or too rarely puts it on her. Most often, lactostasis occurs in the first 2 months after childbirth, therefore, during the establishment of breastfeeding, a woman is recommended to be observed by a specialist.

The danger of in vitro fertilization

If we talk about how compatible mastopathy and IVF are, then the situation here looks somewhat different. The fact is that during in vitro fertilization, a woman is necessarily prescribed hormonal stimulating therapy, which ensures the survival of eggs. Such preparation can become an impetus for the rapid development of mastopathy, and during pregnancy, the tissues will begin to grow. That is why before IVF, all women need to go to a consultation with a mammologist.

It is possible to do in vitro fertilization with mastopathy only if large cysts and nodes are not detected. However, if the lump is larger than 2-3 mm and there is a tendency to grow, the doctor may recommend that it be surgically removed.

As you can see, mastopathy during childbearing and during breastfeeding can completely disappear. This is an excellent method of preventing disease. But, when planning IVF, you need to be careful, because in this case, the risk of progression of mastopathy during pregnancy increases.

Fibrocystic breast disease is a disease in which there is an excess of hormones.

As a result, the breast tissue grows and neoplasms form in it.

The disease affects women of different ages, however, most often the disease is diagnosed in women who are.

The disease belongs to benign breast pathologies.

The risk of developing the disease increases in women who have a history of cystic neoplasms in the reproductive organs, hyperplasia or adenosis.

The essence of pathology

The mechanism of development of pathology is closely related to the presence in a woman's body. As a rule, the disease progresses with an excess of estrogen and insufficient synthesis of progesterone.

Estrogen provokes active cell division in the mammary gland. Normally, it should be inhibited in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, but this happens only if the body produces a normal amount of progesterone.

In some cases, mastopathy is caused by too active production of prolactin. This hormone is responsible for the lactation process, and normally it is intensively produced only during the gestation of a child. An increase in prolactin levels for other reasons can trigger the development of mastopathy.

According to the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th Convocation (ICD-10), fibrocystic mastopathy received the code N60.1.

Despite the benign nature of the pathology, without fibrocystic breast disease can give impetus to in the breast.

Fibrocystic breast disease is a disease that affects one in four women between the ages of 30 and 50. In fact, this is a non-malignant focal condition of the breast, in which nodules and cysts of various shapes and sizes are formed. At the same time, there is a pathological relationship between epithelial and connective tissue, in some cases due to atrophy, and in others due to proliferation. Most often, fibrous and cystic changes in the mammary gland affect the parenchymal tissue, but sometimes the disease can develop in the stroma - connective tissue. Stromal fibroma disrupts the structure of the ducts and lobes, which ultimately leads to the formation of abnormal structures.

First signs and symptoms

One of the first signs of fibrocystic mastopathy is the presence of lumps in the breast. A woman can feel these seals on her own - to the touch, the seals resemble peas of different sizes.

In addition, the chest begins to ache.

The pain can be of a different nature:

• stupid;
• aching;
• sharp;
• sharp.

Fibrocystic mastopathy is characterized by increased pain before the onset of menstruation. Sometimes, in the early stages of the disease, nipple discharge appears, although in most cases this is a later symptom.

NOTE!

The disease can begin with all the signs at once or only one. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a doctor even if there is only one pathological sign.

In addition to seals and pain in the mammary gland, which are the very first signs of fibrocystic mastopathy, the patients complain of the following :

• swelling and swelling of the mammary glands... Hypersensitivity (mastodynia) and soreness (mastalgia) of the mammary gland is accompanied by migraine, flatulence, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen. In addition, the woman becomes irritable and restless. There is a so-called premenstrual syndrome, which weakens with the onset of menstruation and gradually passes;
• nipple discharge... They can spontaneously discharge from the chest, or appear when pressed. The color of the discharge can be transparent, white, green, or brown. The most dangerous are the discharge of a bloody tint;
• enlargement of regional lymph nodes observed in 10% of women with a diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disease.

Causes of occurrence

As already noted, disorders in hormonal balance lead to fibrocystic mastopathy.

The following factors can provoke this phenomenon:

• early puberty, which as a result leads to very rapid hormonal changes, and then to mastopathy;
• late onset of menopause. Excessively prolonged exposure to hormones can give rise to a pathological process;
• absence of pregnancy and childbirth up to 30 years;
• refusing to breastfeed the baby or stopping it too early;
• hereditary predisposition;
• prolonged stressful situations;
• addictions - smoking, excessive alcohol addiction;
• breast injury;
• the presence of gynecological diseases associated with hormonal instability - polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, fibroids;
• diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland or liver;
• excess weight. Since subcutaneous adipose tissue is involved in the synthesis of estrogen, obesity leads to an increase in its level;
• tumors in the hypothalamic-pituitary sphere;
• sexual dissatisfaction or lack of regular sex.

Types of neoplasms

Fibrocystic breast disease can manifest itself in :

• ... This form has several subspecies. The diffuse lesion covers the entire mammary gland, and the connective tissue grows quite strongly, while destructive foci of various forms are formed. If we talk about the subspecies of diffuse fibrous mastopathy with a cystic component, they can be as follows. Sclerosing adenosis - there is an excessive growth of the glandular component. Fibroadenomatosis - the growth of fibrous components in the connective tissue dominates. The presence of cysts is multiple tumor-like formations that are filled with a liquid substance. - at the same time connective tissue structures, ducts, alveoli are affected, there are cystic and fibrous neoplasms;
• ... The nodular form is preceded by a diffuse form, which was not treated in a timely manner. Palpation reveals elastic dense neoplasms that have clear contours. They are painful and have no connection with the surrounding tissues. As a rule, the nodes do not grow and are diagnosed by chance;
• non-proliferative... There are no characteristic signs of proliferation of glandular tissue in the chest, and there are no neoplasms either. The patient complains of localized breast edema. This form of mastopathy is treated more successfully than other forms.

A distinctive feature of nodular mastopathy is that in the supine position the seals are almost never felt.

What is the danger of the disease?

Those women are mistaken who believe that there is no danger with this disease.

If the pathology progresses, the neoplasms will continue to increase in size, and capture all new zones of the breast, in this case it will be extremely difficult to stop the disease.

With unilateral localization of the tumor, the size of the mammary glands will differ from each other. With advanced forms of pathology, neoplasms will be visible visually, and a greenish liquid may spontaneously emerge from the nipples.

Cancer is, of course, the most serious danger of mastopathy. Despite the fact that such a phenomenon, fortunately, does not happen often, this possibility cannot be discounted.

Do not think that mastopathy will go away by itself. It is absolutely impossible to cure a disease without qualified medical care.

Diagnostic methods

At the initial consultation, the doctor examines the patient, palpates the breast and collects an anamnesis.

Then appointed:

• mammography;
• chest x-ray;
• pneumocystography.

If a woman does not take oral contraceptives, a breast examination is performed on the 8-14th day of the menstrual cycle.

Digital mammography is a very informative diagnostic method that visualizes even small lumps and cysts, allowing you to identify the disease at the earliest stages.

Ultrasound signs of fibrocystic breast disease are connective tissue seals, small cysts and dilatation of the milk ducts are also visible.

Pneumocystography is an X-ray image with several projections after the fluid was removed from the cyst cavity with a thin needle, and the vacated cavity was filled with gas. This study helps to examine in detail the inner walls of the cyst, determine its size and other parameters.

Fine needle biopsy is a diagnostic way to distinguish mastopathy from an adenoma or from a cancerous tumor.

A biochemical blood test provides information about the level of thyroid and sex hormones.

The photo below shows what fibrocystic mastopathy looks like on ultrasound.

Drug treatment

Medicines that are prescribed for fibrocystic mastopathy affect both the breast tissue and the possible causes of the pathology.

Quite often, patients are discharged:

• hormonal agents;
• diuretics;
• adaptogenic agents;
• homeopathic medicines;
• phytotherapeutic drugs;
• various .

So, the main drugs that are prescribed for fibrocystic mastopathy:

• ... It is a hormonal agent that helps restore hormonal balance if progesterone levels are low. Duphaston relieves pain symptoms and eliminates engorgement of the mammary glands;
• Utrozhestan... This is also a hormonal agent that is analogous to a sex hormone. It increases the concentration of progesterone, improving the condition of the mammary glands;
• ... This is a herbal preparation that normalizes the balance of hormones, corrects ovarian function, reduces prolactin synthesis;
• Novomin... A powerful antioxidant that selectively protects and improves tissue health and prevents abnormal cell division;
• Clamin... A herbal preparation based on kelp extract. Provides the body with important trace elements, vitamins and polysaccharides.

CAUTION!

Hormonal drugs have a lot of contraindications, so they should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

As for local treatment, the following are prescribed:

• - compresses to relieve pain and relieve inflammation;
• - a gel that relieves pain, and also blocks estrogen and prolactin receptors;
• Mastofit - a cream from herbal ingredients that improves the condition of the tissues and skin of the mammary gland.

Also appointed:

• enzymes, for example Wobenzym;
• hepatoprotectors, for example, Carsil;
• diuretics;
• pain relievers, such as Ibuprofen;
• sedatives, for example valerian and motherwort tinctures.

Surgical intervention

Surgical treatment of mastopathy can be of three types:

• enucleation - removal of the neoplasm itself directly;
• sectoral resection - removal of the neoplasm and part of the affected gland;
• radical resection - removal of the gland completely.

The indications for surgery are as follows:

• advanced stage of the disease with extensive formation of cysts and nodes;
• inflammatory process in the gland;
• suppuration or rupture of the cyst;
• rapid growth of neoplasms;
• the emergence of new formations in a short time;
• suspicion of oncology;
• lack of effect from conservative treatment.

Folk remedies

legumes;

green tea.

Possible consequences

Among the consequences of fibrocystic mastopathy, its possible transformation into oncology, as well as a relapse of the disease after treatment, are distinguished.

I must say that in the absence of treatment, mastopathy can lead to unpredictable consequences, so you need to be very careful about this ailment.

Pregnancy and IVF

Doctors are sure that fibromocystic mastopathy and they do not interfere with each other at all, moreover, there are chances that mastopathy will pass during pregnancy. This is due to a change in the hormonal background of a woman while carrying a child.

Breastfeeding even more favorably affects mastopathy, and even if the disease has not receded during pregnancy, the cure will occur during breastfeeding of the baby.

IVF implies the stimulation of ovulatory processes with hormonal drugs, and their use can provoke the growth of benign neoplasms or even their transformation into malignant ones.

Pregnancy with mastopathy is not contraindicated, and even desirable, but before doing the IVF procedure, a consultation with a mammologist is necessary.

It is advisable to first carry out therapy for mastopathy, and then plan the use of assisted reproductive technologies.

Preventive measures

In order not to miss the initial stages of mastopathy, doctors recommend examining the mammary glands once a year using ultrasound or mammography, and after 40 years, this examination must be done twice a year.

Also, a woman should regularly conduct self-examination of the mammary glands.

• track the regularity of menstruation;
• timely treat endocrine disorders;
• reduce the number of stressful situations;
• adjust weight;
• get rid of bad habits;
• reduce coffee consumption;
• have a regular sex life;
• do not omit abortion;
• to live an active lifestyle.

Fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM) is a pathological condition of the mammary glands, accompanied by the appearance of lumps and cysts of various sizes and shapes. This is a fairly common disease among women of reproductive age; at least half of the female population suffers from it. The disease responds well to treatment in the early stages: it is better to go through all the therapeutic procedures in advance, without waiting for the development of adverse consequences.

ICD-10 code

N60.1 Diffuse cystic breast disease

Causes of fibrocystic mastopathy

The main reason for the development of fibrocystic mastopathy is hormonal destabilization in the body: the hormones progesterone and estradiol play a dominant role in the process. The factors that determine the imbalance of hormones can be the following:

• early puberty. The rapid renewal of the hormonal background does not allow the body to quickly adapt to changes, which is reflected in the tissue structure of the mammary glands;
• late menopause. The decisive role is played by the long-term effect of hormones on the gland tissue;
• no history of pregnancy;
• frequent forced termination of pregnancies (more than twice) provokes a sharp rise and fall in hormonal activity;
• absence or extremely short lactation period;
• persistent or repetitive stress;
• age period from 40 years;
• metabolic disorders - obesity, diabetes mellitus, endemic goiter;
• liver dysfunction;
• endocrine system disorders: hypo- or hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis;
• diseases of the genitourinary sphere, reproductive disorders;
• uncontrolled intake of hormonal drugs, including contraceptives.

Symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease

Initially, fibrocystic mastopathy was not defined as a condition predisposing to breast cancer. However, recent scientific studies have shown that mastopathy should be considered precisely as a precancerous condition, which, under certain circumstances, can transform into a malignant tumor.

The likelihood of the formation of breast cancer, as a consequence of FCM, depends on many factors, for example, on the total duration of the disease, its stage, intensity and brightness of manifestations. A history of multiple and large cysts, fibroadenoma, adenosis, hyperplasia, and proliferative mastopathy increases the risk of cancer by 2-4 times.

Although fibrocystic breast disease is considered a benign disease, in some cases it is an intermediate process in the formation of a malignant tumor. That is why clinical examination of patients with treated FCM and long-term monitoring of their condition is an important link in the prevention of breast cancer.

The clinical symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy are determined by painful sensations, breast lumps and the appearance of discharge from the milk canals. On palpation, one can feel fine and coarse-grained formations, dense areas of breast tissue. Soreness in this disease can appear spontaneously, or it can arise only when trying to touch: a feeling of slight discomfort can be replaced by a sharp severe pain even from a slight touch.

Pain in the mammary gland can be accompanied by a feeling of burden, puffiness, squeezing, sometimes radiating to the shoulder joint or to the axillary area.

Often, patients note the appearance of secretion from the milk canals: the secreted fluid resembles colostrum, or it may be slightly yellow or greenish.

The initial symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease may be more pronounced with the onset of menstruation or PMS. With the progression of the disease, the symptomatology becomes brighter, the soreness is more noticeable, and tissue compaction can be determined already regardless of the frequency of the cycle.

Pain with fibrocystic breast disease

The presence of pain in fibrocystic mastopathy is a fairly common, but very individual symptom. Dull, aching, shooting, twitching, it can have different intensity and be accompanied by a feeling of pressure in the mammary glands.

Soreness often increases before the onset of menstruation (at the same time the level of hormones increases), it can be limited to a local manifestation or radiate to the shoulder joint, subscapularis and axillary region.

Not all women feel pain with mastopathy: about 10% of patients usually do not observe signs of pain discomfort, and some feel pain only during critical days. Moreover, the general symptomatology of the disease in them may absolutely coincide. The reason for this phenomenon may be the difference in pressure on the nerve endings and differences in the individual threshold of pain.

Also, soreness can be observed not only in the mammary glands, but also in the nearby lymph nodes, which may be slightly enlarged and tense.

Discharge with fibrocystic mastopathy

Discharge with fibrocystic mastopathy may not be observed in all cases of the disease. This phenomenon is individual: there may be no liquid discharge at all, sometimes it can be very abundant (often this symptom makes it possible to independently detect the disease), or it can occur only with slight squeezing of the areola. The discharge usually does not have a specific odor, their color varies from transparent, light, whitish to yellowish and greenish. Sometimes their appearance resembles colostrum (secretion of the mammary glands, separated in the last days of pregnancy and in the first days after childbirth).

In some cases, the discharge may acquire a brownish or bloody tint: this is a rather formidable symptom that requires a mandatory medical examination. Bloody discharge from the milk canals can be a sign of a malignant process in the mammary glands, destruction of the capillary blood supply system and damage to the walls of the ducts.

In principle, any detected nipple discharge requires specialist advice, and this is especially true for discharge with an admixture of blood.

Pregnancy and fibrocystic breast disease

Pregnancy with fibrocystic breast disease is not only possible, but also desirable. Everyone knows that during the period of bearing a child, there is a significant restructuring of the hormonal status in a woman's body. This can serve as an impetus for further stabilization of hormone levels and cessation of the development of the disease. For this reason, many gynecologists strongly recommend that women get pregnant, boldly bear and breastfeed their baby in the future.

By the way, the natural period of lactation often becomes the main drug in the fight against the disease. You should not interrupt breastfeeding in advance: the period of breastfeeding often brings women relief and even complete recovery with the resorption of cystic formations and nodes.

If a woman was treated for FCM with hormonal drugs and became pregnant in the same cycle, the treatment of the disease should be stopped immediately, since the use of hormones during pregnancy requires great care. In this situation, consult your doctor, perhaps he will prescribe you other, non-hormonal drugs approved for use during pregnancy.

Lactation

The question of breastfeeding a child with fibrocystic mastopathy should be decided by a doctor-mammologist, since the degree of progression and severity of the disease is individual for all women.

The bottom line is that breastfeeding promotes certain physiological processes in a woman's body: in particular, the growth and reproduction of mammary epithelial cells is activated, which tend to synthesize their own antibodies that can affect various neoplasms, including cysts and fibromatous nodes.

Long-term breastfeeding should be carried out with constant monitoring of the state of the mammary glands, with periodic examination by a doctor and measures to prevent lactostasis. Taking medications during the lactation period must be agreed with the doctor.

Fibrocystic breast disease and cancer

According to recent scientific research, fibrocystic breast disease should be considered as a possible precancerous condition. This concept is morphological in nature, it can include intraductal atypical growth of the epithelium and manifestations of carcinoma.

If you find the following signs and symptoms on the mammary glands, you should immediately seek the advice of a specialist:

• nodular compaction in tissues or on the skin of the glands, especially nodes soldered to tissues and to each other;
• the appearance of ulcerative lesions on the skin, in the areola, or crusts on or around the nipple;
• localized or widespread swelling of the breast tissue;
• bloody, brown, or black discharge from the milk channels;
• the appearance of areas of redness on the skin;
• changes in the shape of the breast, the appearance of tuberosity, violation of the contours of the glands or the areola;
• the appearance of asymmetry in the location of the mammary glands;
• the inability to displace the gland.

Forms

ICD-10 is a generally accepted international classification of diseases, among which there are all types of mastopathy. This is the main informative documentation used by healthcare professionals around the world. Standardization and unification of diseases is entitled to revision only once every decade.

This classification is designed to create the most comfortable conditions for determining the analytical data of world statistics on the level of cases of diseases and deaths, which are periodically recorded and sent by various regions and countries of the world. Diagnostic indicators are described as an alphanumeric code, which is extremely convenient in the process of storing and retrieving the necessary information. Data collected from all over the world is carefully structured and processed.

Diseases and pathological conditions of the mammary gland in the ICD 10 list are in the subsection of diseases of the genitourinary system under the numbering N60-N64.

Diffuse fibrocystic breast disease

Diffuse lesions of the mammary gland are characterized by excessive growth of areas of connective tissue of various shapes. This condition can disrupt the structure of the canals and lobular structure of the glandular organ, contribute to the appearance of small cystic formations.

The diverse etiology of diffuse mastopathy can be associated with genetic predisposition, ecology, as well as multiple external factors. The defining reasons are the disorder of neurohumoral processes, an increase in the synthesis of estrogens and a deficiency of progesterone.

Depending on the structure and nature of tissue damage, the following types of diffuse mastopathy are distinguished:

• pathology with the dominance of the glandular component (adenosis);
• pathology with the dominance of the fibrous component (fibroadenomatosis);
• pathology with the dominance of the cystic component (cystosis);
• mixed flow FKM;
• a sclerosing type of adenosis.

The intensity of the detected disorders makes it possible to divide diffuse mastopathy into an insignificant, moderate and pronounced form.

Nodular fibrocystic breast disease

The term "focal fibrocystic mastopathy" is also often used for nodular FCM. Nodular mastopathy can be characterized by the proliferation of connective tissue areas and the formation of cystic formations that resemble single or multiple nodes.

With this disease in the mammary gland, one or a group of nodules with clear, limited contours can be palpated. Before the onset of menstruation, nodular formations may swell, increase, and acquire some soreness. At the end of menstruation, you can easily palpate slightly painful nodules of various shapes, densely elastic consistency, with clear boundaries that are not soldered to the surrounding tissues. It is noteworthy that in the horizontal position, the nodules are very weakly felt, or even absent altogether.

Peripheral nodes are usually not enlarged.

The pain may be insignificant or absent altogether, and the presence of nodules in a woman is often discovered completely by chance: thus, the manifestations of the disease can be very individual.

Nodular mastopathy is quite often the result of a diffuse disease.

Non-proliferative fibrocystic breast disease

The medical term non-proliferative fibrocystic mastopathy denotes a disease of the mammary glands that does not have the characteristic signs of proliferation, namely, tissue proliferation of the glandular organ with the formation of a neoplasm and intensive cell division and multiplication. With this pathology, there is no increase in the number of structural elements of the tissue and organ as a whole, there is no excessive proliferation of tissues, as in many other pathological conditions. There may be significant or localized tissue edema that cannot be termed new structure formation.

Proliferation is the process of cell reproduction, which in most cases turns out to be the final stage of any inflammation, in which a clear separation of the pathological focus from healthy nearby tissues can be observed.

The non-proliferative form of FCM is distinguished by a more favorable course and prognosis, however, it requires no less careful medical supervision and treatment.

Mixed fibrocystic breast disease

With a mixed form of fibrocystic mastopathy, characteristic symptoms of all forms of the disease are combined:

• signs of diffuse FCM with a predominant cystic component, when small cavity formations (capsules, or cysts) with fluid form in the breast;
• signs of fibrous mastopathy with a predominant fibrous component, in which there is an overgrowth of connective tissue areas in the gland;
• manifestations of adenosis of the mammary glands (overgrowth with a predominant glandular component) - excessive growth of glandular tissues, which is characterized by a significant increase in breast size;
• cystic formations, or nodes, affect the mammary gland both in the form of single manifestations and total multiple tumors, which are perfectly palpable in an upright position;
• the simultaneous development of fibroadenoma is possible - a rounded, mobile and dense formation of a benign nature in the mammary gland.

This form of the disease is a somewhat advanced version of the course of the disease, it is more difficult to treat and requires long-term therapeutic effects.

Bilateral fibrocystic breast disease

The name of this form of FCM speaks for itself - manifestations of fibrocystic disease in such a pathology are present on two mammary glands at the same time. Changes are expressed in hyperplasia of connective tissue, fibrous, glandular elements in both mammary glands, affecting the organs themselves and their milk canals, which contributes to the disruption of trophic processes and the formation of cystic formations.

Such a bilateral lesion of the mammary glands approximately doubles the risk of a malignant tumor, although FCM itself does not pose a life threat.

Bilateral fibrocystic mastopathy is a consequence of persistent, long-term and serious hormonal imbalance in the body, so its treatment should be aimed primarily at restoring the normal natural level of hormones, identifying the cause of the imbalance (pathology of the ovaries, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary system, etc. .).

Fibrocystic breast disease during menopause

Violation of the regularity of the appearance of menstruation and their complete disappearance for a fifty-year-old female age is considered a normal physiological state, moreover, it determines the positive dynamics of the current pathological processes of the reproductive system of the body, up to complete recovery.

The risk of acquiring additional or exacerbating an existing breast disease may increase when menopause occurs too early (before age 45) or too late (after age 55).

With the first symptoms of menopause, there is a significant change in hormonal balance. During this time, the breasts can cause soreness and feelings of tension and pressure.

Usually signs of fibrocystic mastopathy in this period weaken. Cystic formations, strands and nodes in the mammary glands can significantly decrease or disappear altogether, pain and heaviness in the chest gradually fade away.

Simultaneously with a decrease in the function of the ovaries, the glandular tissue in the mammary glands gradually atrophies, it is replaced by connective tissue and lipid areas.

Fibrocystic breast disease and IVF

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the so-called "in vitro conception", sometimes the only way for childless couples to have their own child. Before preparing for artificial insemination, many doctors should go through to determine possible contraindications to the procedure. Often women are very worried about the presence of various forms of FCM: what will the doctor say, and is mastopathy not a contraindication to IVF?

Honestly, their experiences are not groundless: during artificial insemination, the method of hormonal stimulation is used, and this can significantly complicate the course of the disease and provoke a rapid increase in cystic formations.

However, many doctors understand the importance of this procedure for a woman. It also takes into account the fact that FCM phenomena tend to regress during the period of breastfeeding. Therefore, reproductive medicine and mammology often give permission to carry out in vitro fertilization procedures in the presence of fibrocystic mastopathy.

Complications and consequences

The most common consequences of FCM include the following conditions:

• an increase in the size of a cystic formation with a visual change in the mammary gland;
• the development of a background inflammatory process with subsequent infection and suppuration of the cystic formation;
• degeneration of a cystic formation into a malignant one;
• rupture, violation of the integrity of the cyst.

Fibrocystic mastopathy cannot pose any immediate danger to the patient's life and is not the cause of significant discomfort and inability to live a full life (in the absence of advanced stages with huge cystic formations).

The severity of the pathological process is aggravated only with the background development of the inflammatory reaction, the ingress of an infectious agent, signs of suppuration of the nodes.

There are also cases of transformation of a cyst into a cancerous tumor, because it is known that the development of mastopathy significantly increases the risk of the formation of a malignant tumor.

Diagnosis of fibrocystic mastopathy

Cystic FCM can be detected by self-feeling of the mammary glands. To confirm the diagnosis, use the method of ultrasound and mammography (X-ray of the mammary glands).

The mammography method is quite informative and determines the size, contours and number of cystic formations.

The ultrasound method provides the opportunity for a detailed examination of the formations with an examination of the cystic wall.

Magnetic resonance imaging is used quite rarely, this method allows for a thorough examination of each layer of tissue and formations.

Aspiration biopsy of the breast determines the nature of the cystic formation, a similar result can be demonstrated by pneumocystography.

The histological examination of the material extracted during the biopsy is carried out without fail: this method is necessary to study the cellular structure of the cyst and allows one to refute the malignant nature of the formations, determine the presence of intraductal papilloma, or clarify the presence of inflammatory and purulent processes in the cyst.

Also, the standard diagnosis of mastopathy is impossible without palpation of the mammary glands and collecting anamnesis characteristic of this pathology. Sometimes blood tests may be ordered to determine the degree of hormonal imbalance.

Ultrasound

The ultrasound method allows you to measure the thickness of a layer of glandular tissue in each area of \u200b\u200bthe mammary glands from the periphery to the areola, as well as to assess the density of tissues in different areas of organs.

The image obtained with the help of ultrasound changes stably depending on the age of the patient: over the years, the thickness of the glandular tissue layer decreases, and the density index increases, reaching maximum values \u200b\u200bby the age of 55.

The structure of the mammary glands varies significantly in adolescence, reproductive, menopause, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

With fibroadenomatosis and diffuse mastopathy, the picture can be different depending on the dominance of any sign of the disease: it can be glandular hyperplasia, cystic formations, fibrotic changes or a mixed type of pathology. Very often, the cystic manifestation of FCM is combined with signs of fibrosis of glandular tissues.

The main ultrasound signs of fibrocystic mastopathy are:

• fibrotic changes (fibrosis of the areas of the milk canals and septa);
• inconsistency of the structure of the mammary glands with the age period of the patient;
• lesions of the nipple and the surrounding area;
• thickening of the glandular tissue layer more than 14 mm;
• expansion of the ducts of the breast;
• detection of cystic formations.

Puncture

Puncture is usually performed using an aspiration method using a fine needle. The cystic capsule is punctured with a needle, which simultaneously aspirates the inner contents of the cyst. The procedure is not only diagnostic, but also therapeutic.

The cystic contents obtained by puncture are usually yellowish-gray in color, however, with prolonged existence of the cyst, the fluid may acquire a brownish-black or greenish color. Cytological examination of the content is rarely carried out due to its low information content.

Puncture to collect cells from a breast tumor is a fairly popular research procedure. The obtained cell samples are sent without fail for histological and cytological examination. Sometimes, if the aspiration result is negative, a second cell biopsy may be ordered.

Puncture of the mammary gland is a slightly painful, but extremely informative procedure that is extremely necessary in the differential diagnosis of fibrocystic FCM.

Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

The main measures in the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy should be aimed at stabilizing the normal hormonal background in the female body.

Therapeutic methods of exposure are determined by a specialist based on the results of analyzes of hormones in the blood, in particular, progesterone, estradiol and prolactin. In accordance with the results, drugs are prescribed that can correct the imbalance of hormones.

Treatment of mastopathy may include a puncture method of aspiration of fluid from the cyst with further introduction into the cavity of special drugs that provoke obliteration of the cyst walls (sclerotherapy). This procedure is applicable to common cystic formations without malignancy of the process and symptoms of intraductal tumor.

In difficult situations, characterized by the appearance of multiple cystic formations, excessive tissue proliferation, as well as suspicion of malignant degeneration of cells, the operation of sectoral resection of the breast with obligatory histology of samples of removed tissues is used.

Alternative treatment

Alternative treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy is used for unstable and mild symptoms of the disease; with nodular FCM, there is a slight decrease in formations, however, relapses of pathology foci are not excluded.

Cabbage leaves are also effective in treating mastopathy. Usually, cabbage leaves are applied at night, or a compress is made: the breast is lubricated with unsalted butter, a clean cloth is applied, and a mixture of ground cabbage and sour milk is applied. You can use this compress both day and night, after wrapping the chest with cellophane.

The use of a mask of castor oil (100 g), honey (2 tablespoons), lemon juice (from 2 lemons) and ground burdock root (to the consistency of sour cream) will help with varying degrees of development of the disease. All components are mixed and applied to a clean linen napkin. Constant use of the mask allows you to achieve recovery within a month after the start of treatment.

Also popular are herbal remedies and herbal preparations.

Herbal treatment

• Altai grass boron uterus is recognized as very effective in female diseases. It is used for hormonal disorders in the body, to restore metabolism, the function of the endocrine system, has a beneficial effect on the condition of the ovaries, bladder, and mammary glands. The tincture of this herb is prepared as follows: 50 g of borax is poured into 0.5 l of high-quality vodka, insisted for 2 weeks in a dark place (not in the refrigerator). Take a teaspoon three times a day before meals, the duration of admission is about six months, with interruption of treatment during menstruation.
• The red brush herb perfectly cleanses the genitourinary system and stabilizes the endocrine system. Tincture of this herb is used three times a day, half a teaspoon in half a glass of water, taken with meals for a month, taking a break during menstruation.
• Burdock root can be poured with three glasses of boiling water (for 60 g of leaves), insist for 4 hours, strain and drink a glass three times a day before meals.
• Yarrow, motherwort and succession - mix 2 tablespoons of raw materials and pour a liter of boiling water. Take 1 glass before meals. An excellent remedy for diffuse mastopathy.
• Mix equal parts of honey, lemon juice, radish juice, carrot and beetroot juice with an equal share of Cahors wine, take 2 tablespoons of the mixture before eating until the symptoms of the disease disappear completely.

Operation

The operative method of treatment is used for fibroadenoma or some large cystic formations.

With minor tumors and nodes, sometimes it is enough to use conservative therapy and periodic observation by a specialist.

The following methods of surgical treatment of the disease are usually used:

• sectoral resection (the formation is removed simultaneously with the area of \u200b\u200bthe breast);
• enucleation of the cystic formation (exfoliation and removal of the cyst itself).

The use of surgical treatment should be reasoned and applied for the following indications:

• on the basis of a histological study confirming suspicions of malignant tumor cells;
• with an intense increase in education (the tumor is observed for three months);
• with repeated recurrence of nodular FCM after conservative or sclerotherapeutic treatment of the disease.

Surgical intervention is carried out using general or local anesthesia, the duration of the operation is about 40 minutes.

Drug treatment

Therapeutic drugs that are used in the treatment of mastopathy, first of all, should be aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease, improving the body's immunity, treating the pathology of the ovaries and thyroid gland.

• Hormonal agents: progesterone, duphaston, morning, etc.
• Contraceptives - used to regulate the menstrual cycle.
• Estrogen inhibitors.

With severe pain, analgesics, diuretics (relieve swelling of the gland before menstruation), homeopathic remedies are used.

From the age of forty, steroids methylandrostenediol, methyltestosterone, testosterone injections can be prescribed.

With insufficient function of the corpus luteum, drugs or progesterone injections are taken in the second phase of the cycle.

Iodine preparations may be prescribed for insufficient thyroid function.

The effectiveness of these funds is varied. However, the benefits of treatment are felt as a result of the complex effects of drugs: analgesics, bromocriptine, vitamins, homeopathy, potassium iodide, contraceptives, phytopreparations, tamoxifen, danazol, gestagenic agents, etc.

Mastodinon

Mastodinon is a homeopathic remedy that is very popular among women who have problems with the menstrual cycle, breast pathology, PMS.

The drug is popular primarily for its effectiveness, as well as for the natural origin of the composition of the product: the medicine is based exclusively on herbs.

Mastodinon eliminates various menstrual irregularities, helps with fibrocystic FCM, relieves the accompanying symptoms of PMS.

The drug helps to reduce the synthesis of prolactin by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which allows it to affect the processes of pathological proliferation of breast tissue.

Taking Mastodinon is extremely rarely accompanied by side effects due to the presence of exclusively natural ingredients in the preparation.

Mastodinon for fibrocystic mastopathy is used in 30 drops or one tablet twice a day. Can be diluted with a little liquid.

The drug should be taken for at least 90 days continuously, the visible effect is already manifested in the second month of administration.

Mastodinon can be taken for a rather long period if there are proper medical indications for this.

Homeopathy

The use of an alternative method of homeopathy treatment has long proven itself on the good side: homeopathic remedies do not accumulate in the body, do not provoke allergic and side reactions, are suitable in the treatment of pregnant women and nursing mothers, the elderly and small children.

Homeopathy allows you to cure the disease within 2-5 weeks, and relapses after taking drugs are extremely rare.

In the inflammatory process in the tissues of the gland, drugs based on apis (apis mellifica) work well, and belladonna relieves swelling and burning sensation in the mammary glands.

Significant suppuration of the gland, accompanied by high temperature indicators and dull pains, is the reason for prescribing preparations made from bryony and bufo plants. Breast disease caused by trauma will help cure Pulsatilla extract.

Despite the fact that homeopathic medicines have practically no contraindications and cautions in use, the intake of funds should be discussed with the doctor. He will help you choose the right drug that will make the treatment of the disease even more effective.

Vitamins

Drug therapy for fibrocystic FCM is often supplemented with vitamin complexes containing vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, PP and ascorbic acid, as well as vitamin E.

Vitamin E has a special role in therapeutic measures in the fight against disease. This vitamin has antioxidant properties, enhances the action of progesterone, takes part in the regulation of fat metabolism, and softens the manifestations of premenstrual syndrome.

The antioxidant properties explain the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of the drug. However, it requires taking vitamin E for at least three months to be effective.

B vitamins are also important in the treatment of mastopathy. They are responsible for the normal functioning of the nervous system and normalize energy metabolism. The efficiency of the immune system, cell division and growth are provided by these vitamins. It is especially necessary to take vitamin preparations for people who are characterized by mental and emotional stress, stress, chronic diseases.

You can improve the intake of vitamins into the body by taking vitamin complexes, or provide your diet with a sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits.

Nutrition and diet

The principles of nutritional change in fibrocystic mastopathy are aimed at stabilizing the hormonal background in the body.

It is recommended to introduce foods containing fiber into the diet - these are all types of cereals, parsley, dill, and various greens. It is important to use natural estrogens - these are peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas, mung bean, cabbage (white cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Peking, broccoli, Savoy, colored). Needless to say, how much the body needs vitamins, minerals contained in citrus fruits, dried fruits, other fruits and vegetables.

Iodine, which is rich in seafood, fish, is also useful for the endocrine system. The source of the necessary phospholipids will be liver dishes, dairy products.

It is recommended to limit the consumption of animal fats, fast carbohydrates, monitor the calorie intake: being overweight adversely affects the health of the mammary glands and the reproductive function of a woman.

The diet for fibrocystic breast disease should be balanced, rich in vitamins and dietary fiber. Great importance should be given to the drinking regimen: a sufficient amount of liquid will allow you to quickly stabilize metabolic processes in the body. One and a half liters of pure water per day is the optimal amount of fluid for the normal functioning of the body.

In addition, for the successful treatment of FCM, it is necessary to exclude from the diet foods containing methylxanthines - black tea, coffee, cocoa, Coca-Cola, chocolate.

Women, due to various pathological conditions of the reproductive system, in order to gain such a desired happiness of motherhood, are forced to turn to reproductive doctors for the use of assisted reproductive technologies, since this is the last chance to get pregnant and give birth to a healthy baby. However, often this path also turns out to be rather thorny, since all women cannot always be allowed to undergo in vitro fertilization. One of these problems standing in the way of such a desired goal is the pathological changes in the mammary gland.

Is IVF done for mastopathy?

In order to understand this issue, you need to understand what kind of diagnosis it is.

Fibrocystic breast disease refers to dyshormonal diseases of the breast. The frequency of occurrence of this nosological unit is 30% among the female population. That is, every third woman during the examination may be unpleasantly surprised by the presence of this pathological process.

The term mastopathy combines with itself about 30 different nosologies, which have a different morphological nature of changes (fibrous, proliferative), as well as a completely different histological structure in the mammary gland. You also need to know more about how prolactin and IVF work on a woman's body.

Thus, mastopathy is a group of benign diseases, morphologically characterized by a wide range of both regressive and proliferative processes, in which a pathological relationship of the connective tissue and epithelial components of the mammary glands occurs with the appearance of changes of a cystic, fibrous and proliferative nature. Benign changes are combined under this term. However, the risk of their malignant transformation is 4 times higher than that of women who do not suffer from such diseases.

Therefore, early diagnosis, timely treatment is the prevention of the development of the oncological process.

In modern mammology, the following types of mastopathy are distinguished, depending on their structure:

1. Diffuse mastopathy with the presence of small and large foci in the mammary gland. The histological picture of such pathologically altered areas is represented by the normal anatomical structure of the tissue with its hyperplasia, there is an increased growth of stromal elements. This form has its own subgroups:

• Adenosis is a mastopathy in which the cells of the glandular epithelium succumb to hyperplasia;
• Fibroadenosis - the fibrous element predominates, but the glandular tissue is also present;
• Mixed form.

Nodular mastopathy is a change in the mammary gland in the form of formed cystic formations with liquid contents. These elements are characterized by smooth, regular contours, soft, elastic consistency. This form is divided into the following types:

• Adenomatous nodular mastopathy - proliferation of glandular passages with the formation of adenomas, consisting of glandular cells;
• Fibroadenomatous nodular mastopathy
• Mints papilloma - intraductal neoplasm of a fragile structure, bleeding, located close to the nipple;
• Lipoma - a formation that includes fatty elements;
• Hemangioma is a neoplasm of vascular elements;
• Hamartoma - the combined content of the glandular, fibrous and fatty components.

Mixed mastopathy is a combined form of dyshormonal disorders of the mammary gland, in which both diffuse pathological foci and nodal elements are found.

The etiological factors of the occurrence of mastopathy are diverse. However, the main theory is the hormonal imbalance in a woman's body. Actually, therefore, this type of pathological processes is combined under a single name, dyshormonal diseases.

The main etiopathogenetic factors in the development of mastopathy include:

A woman herself can also suspect mastopathy by means of detecting her characteristic symptoms:

• the appearance of pain in the mammary glands is the first and most characteristic sign of the development of mastopathy. The nature and intensity of pain can vary, but it has a constant, prone to increasing current.
• Breast engorgement, swelling.
• With self-examination of the gland, the woman can palpate the nodules.
• Discharge from the mammary gland of a different nature is not a rare symptom of such pathological changes.

If a woman detects such symptoms, it is imperative to consult a doctor - mammologist for a comprehensive examination.

The diagnostic range of examinations for this diagnosis is modest and seems to be:

• Self-examination of a woman in a standing and lying position;
• Ultrasound examination of the mammary glands. This type of research is currently the most informative and safe method for diagnosing pathological
• Mammography;

In the treatment of mastopathy, there are:

1. Conservative treatment in the form of:
1. Hormonal drugs (anti-estrogen drugs - drugs that reduce the secretion of estrogens, progesterone drugs, combined hormonal drugs, dopamine agonists - drugs that reduce the secretion of prolactin);
2. Non-hormonal drugs in the form of vitamin complexes, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sedatives.
2. Surgical treatment is reduced to sectoral resection of the mammary gland with obligatory histological examination of the removed material to exclude oncopathology.

Mastopathy and IVF

In vitro fertilization involves the stimulation of ovulation with hormonal drugs, after the use of which benign neoplasms may tend to grow or even malign.

Theoretically, since progesterone pathogenetically has a beneficial effect on the foci of mastopathy, pregnancy is not contraindicated in this diagnosis. On the contrary, a large amount of gestagens during pregnancy reduces the growth rate of mastopathy. But sometimes, hormonal imbalance, on the contrary, stimulates its progression.

With such a combination as IVF and breast fibroadenoma, first of all, it is necessary to carry out therapeutic measures for the treatment of mastopathy in the form of medication, in the absence of effect - surgical correction of this pathological condition, and then plan the use of ART (assisted reproductive technologies). Currently, there is a federal program of free in vitro fertilization protocol at the expense of compulsory medical insurance funds. thanks to her, every infertile couple is one step closer to their dreams.

Breast mastopathy is a disease that can affect not only women, but also men. Doctors say that the disease has been known on the planet for over 100 years. The name of the breast disease implies a whole group of pathologies.

Mastopathy is characterized by pathological changes in breast tissue of a fibrocystic nature. Benign painful nodules and seals begin to form inside the chest, which cause considerable discomfort to a person. Doctors regard breast disease as the first risk factor for cancer - the process can easily transform from benign to malignant.

The growth of fibrous breast tissue directly depends on neurohumoral regulation, because the development and functioning of the mammary glands is due to various hormones. Breast health is influenced by levels of prolactin, estrogen, progesterone. With the onset of hormonal imbalance, the risk of developing fibrocystic pathology in the gland increases. The first signs of ovarian and mammary gland dysfunction in women are observed before the onset of menopause.

Disease types

Each form of mastopathy in its neglected form poses a threat to the patient. In the initial stage, the growth of epithelial cells of the breast and connective structures occurs.

Known types of mastopathy:

• diffuse
• nodal

The diffuse form is characterized by the appearance of many painful nodes inside the thickness of the chest. There is an overgrowth of fibrous tissue in the gland, as a result of which cysts are formed. Pathological transformations of the breast also concern the glandular tissue. As a result, the woman begins to feel discomfort in the chest. Pulling pain in mastopathy is a characteristic phenomenon.

In a diffuse form, the mammary glands become dense and swollen. Discomfort worsens before menstruation begins. Diffuse pathology is divided into several types:

• glandular
• glandular cystic
• fibrocystic

The disease is characterized by the predominance of glandular tissue over the connective tissue in the chest. Overgrown areas form multiple cysts filled with fluid. Among the types of breast mastopathy, a mixed form of diffuse disease with a predominance of fibrous tissue is often diagnosed.

The nodular form of breast disease is a consequence of diffuse pathology. In certain parts of the organ, an increase in the nodes begins, associated with intraductal disorders, the development of papillomas, lipomas, fibroadenomas. Large tumors and large cysts can form in the gland.

The nodal form is divided into several varieties:

• fibrocystic
• fibrous
• lobular

Sometimes changes in the gland are associated with the formation of cysts in mastopathy, when connective tissue grows into the epithelium of the ducts. Small papillomas appear in the chest, a stratified epithelium is formed. The lumen of the ducts of the lobules of the breast with mastopathy is significantly narrowed.

Disease of the gland is also divided into simple (without changing cell structures) and proliferating (with changes in cells). With proliferation, the nuclei of atypical cells begin to grow, their abnormal division occurs. It is these cellular structures that are then reborn from benign to cancerous. The proliferating form of breast disease is diagnosed as a precancerous condition. Flat, leafy cysts in breast tissue often degenerate into sarcoma.

Causes of development and risk factors

The etiology of the disease is associated with hormonal imbalances in the body. Mastopathy in women develops due to a deficiency or excess of sex hormones. Insufficient production of progesterone especially affects the condition of the breast. In this case, ovarian dysfunction develops, which is closely interrelated with the appearance of pathological changes in the mammary gland. An overabundance of estrogens is also extremely negative. Their increased amount affects the activity of fibroblasts and promotes the division of the cellular structures of the glands.

Predisposing factors for the onset of gland disease:

• early puberty
• hormonal changes
• late menopause
• psychosomatics
• termination of pregnancies
• no pregnancy
• not breastfeeding the baby
• bad habits
• stress
• inflammatory process
• gynecological diseases

Irregular sex life can become the cause of mastopathy in women. Due to the lack of sex, various congestions develop in the genitals and in the mammary glands. The work of the ovaries is disrupted, which negatively affects the condition of the breast.

Mastopathy in children develops against the background of rapid hormonal changes, but in some cases a hereditary factor is to blame. The beginning of the first menstruation before 12 years is considered dangerous - a similar phenomenon can adversely affect the structures of the mammary glands. In such cases, physiological mastopathy is diagnosed, the symptoms of which are especially noticeable before each onset of menstruation. A teenage girl's chest hurts, becomes more sensitive, reacts sharply to touch, and becomes heavier before her period begins.

The risk of developing breast cancer arises with severe cystic changes in the breast. The course of mastopathy is influenced by the state of the epithelial tissue of the glands, calcification, cell proliferation.

The primary symptoms of mastopathy include the appearance of aching, pulling pain in the chest. It is to such discomfort in the chest that a woman begins to pay attention. The initial stage of the disease is manifested by non-intense pain inside the thickness of the chest, which can radiate to the scapula. Mastopathy is possible during pregnancy, when the female body undergoes powerful hormonal changes. However, this breast disease is different from oncology.

With the development of the disease, soreness in the chest becomes constant. This is due to the fact that the blood in the pathology in the blood vessels of the mammary gland stagnates. The breast increases in volume, there is swelling and swelling of the mammary glands. A significant severity of the soreness of the gland is acquired with the development of pathology.

Signs of mastopathy also include:

• breast engorgement
• temperature rise
• increasing pain before menstruation
• various nipple discharge
• the presence of a seal in the form of a movable ball inside the chest

Swelling of the connective tissue of the mammary gland with mastopathy can be significant - in some cases, the breast greatly increases in volume and becomes sensitive. Dyshormonal mastopathy after childbirth is manifested by discharge from the nipple - when pressed, a light or brown secret is released.

Mastopathy sometimes occurs in boys and girls after birth. Its occurrence is associated with an excess of hormones transmitted by the mother during pregnancy. Mastopathy of newborns is characterized by swelling of the mammary glands, their swelling and soreness. Discharge may appear from the papillae of the breast of a baby.

Mastopathy with menopause is accompanied by mood swings, instability of the emotional background, irritability and insomnia. A woman constantly feels unwell, heaviness in her chest, pain. With menopause, hot flashes, a feeling of lack of air, shortness of breath are characteristic. Added to these symptoms are severe chest discomfort.

In men, the disease is manifested by soreness and heaviness in the chest, swelling of the mammary glands, impaired production of hormones. Male mastopathy is diagnosed less often than female. Often, the disease develops against the background of obesity, when adipose tissue begins to predominate in the mammary glands. Hormones begin to accumulate, which leads to corresponding pathological changes in the gland.

Diagnosis of the disease

At the reception, the doctor conducts a thorough examination of the breast and palpation. Next, a mammological examination of the breast is assigned. Mammography is an X-ray of the mammary glands, which does not carry a strong radiation load on the patient's body.

Mandatory examination methods include ultrasound. The doctor will tell you which day of the cycle to do the ultrasound. With an increase in axillary lymph nodes with mastopathy, various disorders develop, which are clearly visible on the monitor of the apparatus. Doctors determine the boundaries of breast pathology, its characteristic features, the presence or absence of cysts and fibroadenomas.

A biopsy helps to identify the presence of cancer cells. The study is carried out in laboratory conditions using a microscope.

Treatment options

How to get rid of mastopathy, only a qualified medical specialist knows. The therapy takes into account:

• patient age
• concomitant endocrine disorders
• intensity and features of menstruation
• symptoms of the disease
• morphological features of the gland

All medical measures and medications are selected by the doctor individually. During treatment, the patient must follow a diet and regimen, it is important to give up addictions. Non-hormonal and hormonal drug treatment may be accompanied by the additional use of traditional medicine. Various drugs for mastopathy effectively relieve pain and eliminate swelling.

Medications

With hormonal mastopathy, certain means are prescribed to correct the production of hormones. They normalize the balance of hormones in the body, stabilize the levels of progesterone and estrogen.

To relieve the inflammatory process in the gland, antibacterial agents are prescribed:

• Maxipim
• Movizar
• Penicillin

Antibiotics are broad-spectrum antibiotics and effectively reduce inflammation. Reception of funds is carried out according to the treatment scheme prescribed by the doctor. Contraindications include breastfeeding, pregnancy, and individual intolerance.

The main contraceptive and anti-inflammatory pills for mastopathy:

• Marvelon
• Femoden
• Organometrile
• Parplodel

The drugs restore the monthly cycle, reduce the manifestations of pain and heaviness in the chest, and reduce the symptoms of the disease. Hormonal agents stabilize the production of essential substances in the body and restore the functions of the mammary glands and ovaries.

Among homeopathic non-hormonal drugs, drugs are prescribed:

• Mastodinon
• Wobenzym
• Remens
• Muliman
• Mamoclam

Homeopathy effectively eliminates the symptoms of a gland disease, improving the patient's well-being. The action of these drugs is aimed at restoring the functions of the genitals and mammary glands, strengthening the immune system.

Local use of medicines is not contraindicated. An effective cream for mastopathy normalizes blood circulation in the mammary gland, eliminates blood and lymph congestion, relieves tension and swelling of the breast. Gel Progestogel blocks the excessive production of estrogen and relieves pain in the gland well. The medication is applied to the painful areas of the breast, not washed off. The procedure is carried out daily for three weeks.

The doctor may also prescribe another ointment for mastopathy - Mastofit. Its components have an anti-inflammatory effect, eliminate swelling and pain in the gland.

The help of traditional medicine should not be ruled out - at home you can use various folk recipes for the treatment of the mammary glands. Herbal tea for mastopathy or applying a cabbage leaf to a diseased breast give noticeable positive results. Cabbage for mastopathy is widely used to relieve inflammation in the chest. It is very simple to use it - you need to beat off a whole cabbage leaf with a hammer, grease it with honey and apply it to the diseased mammary gland overnight.

Grated red beets, pumpkin, carrots, and mountain ash are also applied to the chest. Cover the mass from above with a clean cloth and leave the compress overnight. In the morning, a sore chest is smeared with a medicinal cream.

In the treatment of mastopathy with folk remedies, various infusions and decoctions of herbs are used. The use of a tincture of walnut partitions has a beneficial effect on the condition of the structures of the mammary gland. A little alcohol is added to the plant raw materials and the mixture is infused for 5 days in a dark place. The tincture is taken 20 drops three times a day. The course of treatment is at least 1 month.

Useful for the health of the gland herbal collection with borax uterus, calendula and celandine, peony tincture, burdock root, wormwood. These herbs are anti-inflammatory.

Camphor oil, black cumin oil, cream wax, saline dressings can be applied to the chest. An effective remedy is an ointment with propolis and salt. It is widely used in the treatment of hirudotherapy - a sucked leech injects useful biologically active substances into the bloodstream, contributing to recovery.

Diet and healthy lifestyle

In the fight against breast disease, it is necessary to adjust the regime and diet. Proper nutrition for mastopathy helps to saturate the body with useful substances that help strengthen the immune system and increase defenses.

To normalize blood circulation in the chest, it is useful to use:

• rosehip tea
• cherry fruit
• black currant berries
• chokeberry

It is necessary to eat food rich in selenium, zinc, iodine. Various seafood products are especially suitable for this purpose. Dietary supplements and mineral complexes can be used as additional help. Any vitamins are useful for mastopathy, which improve tissue nutrition and regulate biochemical reactions in the body.

Experts recommend eating more fruits and vegetables, as well as grains. They contain coarse fiber. Tomatoes, cabbage, broccoli, apples, citrus fruits, bananas, pomegranates should always be present on the table.

What can not be eaten with mastopathy? Experts do not recommend fatty beef and pork, a lot of carbohydrate foods - their restriction helps to stabilize the synthesis of estrogen. Fats in large quantities with mastopathy are harmful - they negatively affect the production of the necessary hormones. You should also limit yourself to eating sweets, muffins, canned food. A well-organized diet for mastopathy will help stabilize hormonal levels and reduce the symptoms of the disease.

Consequences of mastopathy

What is the danger of mastopathy, not every woman knows. In an advanced case, the removal of an overgrown node occurs with the help of surgeons. The disease can develop and develop into cancer. The onset of an oncological process in the breast is usually indicated by the detection of calcifications in the mammary glands.

The most dangerous consequences:

1. Fluid accumulates in the damaged areas of the breast. In cysts, it can fester.
2. If a purulent cyst in the gland bursts, it can lead to severe infection of nearby tissues.
3. Mammary cancer.

To avoid relapse, a bath is excluded for mastopathy, chest tanning, and a visit to the sauna.

Is it possible to get pregnant with mastopathy is a question that often interests young patients. Usually, due to hormonal imbalance, conception with mastopathy is impossible.

Prevention of disease development

Preventive measures to prevent mastopathy are reduced to the timely treatment of gynecological and endocrine diseases. It is important to follow the regime and a healthy lifestyle, use hormonal agents with caution, and take a responsible approach to choosing the right bra. Women of any age should undergo preventive examinations by a gynecologist and mammologist annually.