Sialoadenitis of the parotid salivary gland mkb 10. Salivary stone disease

Inflammation of the salivary glands is a symptom of a certain disease, most often of an infectious or inflammatory nature. It can proceed in both acute and chronic form, it is characterized by a rather pronounced clinical picture. This clinical sign has no restrictions regarding age and gender, but it is most often diagnosed in children. This is due to the fact that the child's immune system is too weak to resist pathogenic organisms.

Diagnosis is based on a physical examination of the patient and laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The course of treatment will depend on what exactly caused the manifestation of this symptom.

In general, provided that the treatment of inflammation of the salivary gland under the tongue (or any other localization) is started in a timely manner, the risk of complications is minimized.

According to the international classification of diseases of the tenth revision, this pathological process belongs to the section "Disease of the salivary glands", the ICD-10 code will be K11.

Etiology

Before treating inflammation of the salivary glands in adults or children, it is necessary to establish the reason why this pathological process takes place.

Inflammation of the parotid salivary gland is most often diagnosed in children of preschool or primary school age. In adults, this form of the pathological process is diagnosed extremely rarely and is characterized by a severe clinical picture and serious complications.

In general, the causes of inflammation of the submandibular, parotid, or sublingual salivary gland are:

• diseases of a viral nature;
• (one of the most common causes of this symptom);
• frequent;
• a weakened immune system against a background of chronic or systemic diseases;
• congenital pathologies in the structure of the salivary glands;
• complications after surgery;
• the ingress of a foreign body into the salivary ducts;
• influenza-type infectious diseases;
• elementary non-observance of oral hygiene.

The most commonly diagnosed inflammation of the parotid salivary gland.

Classification

Inflammation of the salivary glands in children or adults can take the following forms:

• lightweight;
• medium;
• heavy.

It should be noted that inflammation of the sublingual gland (as well as of this pathological process of another localization) in adults occurs, most often, in a severe form, in which there is a high risk of developing serious complications.

By the nature of localization, the pathological process can be unilateral or bilateral. However, it should be noted that bilateral lesions are rarely diagnosed.

Symptoms

As a rule, the general clinical picture will be supplemented by specific signs of the pathological process, the consequence of which is the manifestation of such a symptom. In addition, each form of the severity of the development of the inflammatory process is characterized by its own symptom complex.

A mild form of the inflammatory process manifests itself in the form of the following symptoms:

• from the side of the affected gland there is a slight swelling;
• discomfort when swallowing and talking;
• some ;
• slight weakness,.

The average form of the severity of the pathological process, as a rule, is characterized as follows:

• feeling overwhelmed;
• an increase in body temperature to subfebrile indicators, and as the pathological process worsens to 38-39 degrees;
• from the side of the inflamed gland there is a strong swelling, the neck seems to "swell";
• decreased salivation, against which a person constantly feels;
• severe redness of the mouth.

If at this stage the patient receives adequate treatment, then there is no transition to a severe form, and a decrease in the manifestation of the intensity of symptoms is observed on days 4-5.

The severe form of this pathological process is characterized by the following symptom complex:

• (39 degrees);
• pronounced general organism;
• tension and severe pain are felt in the area of \u200b\u200bthe inflamed gland;
• due to severe swelling, the patient cannot eat and sleep normally, against which the appetite worsens and the sleep cycle changes;
• the salivary duct is well palpable;
• the secretion of salivary fluid almost completely stops. In some cases, its scanty discharge with purulent exudate may be present.

As a rule, this form of the course of the pathological process often proceeds with serious complications, namely:

• diseases in the genitourinary system;
• in men it is possible;
• damage to the auditory nerve, which can lead to hearing impairment or complete loss;
• or, which will be the result of the release of purulent exudate into the bloodstream.

Any of the above complications poses a significant danger to human life.

Diagnostics

If you experience the above symptoms, you should first of all consult a general practitioner - or (depending on the patient's age).

Initially, a physical examination is carried out, on the basis of which further diagnostic measures are determined. The doctor may prescribe the following:

• UAC and LHC;
• general urine analysis;
• biopsy of the inflamed salivary gland;
• analysis of salivary fluid;
• Ultrasound of the inflamed gland;
• CT or MRI;
• PCR analysis;
• test for tumor markers.

Based on the results of diagnostic measures, the doctor can establish the cause of the inflammatory process and determine further therapeutic measures. You need to understand that only a doctor, after an accurate diagnosis, can determine how to treat inflammation of the salivary gland.

Treatment

Therapeutic measures will be aimed at eliminating the underlying disease. The following medications can be prescribed:

• drugs to increase salivation;
• antipyretic;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory;
• pain relievers;
• removing puffiness;
• antibiotics;
• novocaine blockade.

Also, for the period of treatment, the patient should follow a diet. The doctor determines the list of recommended and prohibited products individually, but there are several general recommendations.

Salivary stone disease (sialolithiasis, ICD-10 code - K11.5) is the development of inflammatory processes in the tissues of the salivary gland, as a result of which calculi (stones) are formed in the ducts of the salivary glands, which become larger in size, swell, and cause unpleasant painful sensations on palpation. Often, the pathological process takes place with the involvement of the submandibular salivary gland, more precisely, its ducts. Parotid and sublingual gland involvement is rare.

In each recorded clinical picture, the disease proceeds differently, however, if the treatment process is started on time, the risk of developing an abscess decreases. The disease is observed more often in men of mature age, and less often in women. There are isolated cases when the disease was diagnosed in children.

Etiology

Prolonged stagnation of saliva is the main problem in the development of the disease, and occurs in children (in rare cases) and adults due to:

• decrease in the protective function of saliva;
• slowing down salivation - the liquid stagnates and crystallizes in the ducts, gradually turning into calculi;
• getting a foreign part into the duct - even a small crystal of salt can cause the development of the disease;
• changes in the body's metabolic processes - high calcium content in saliva contributes to saliva mineralization;
• mechanical damage to the ducts;
• hypovitaminosis.

The factor that provokes the development of salivary stone disease in the human body is a metabolic disorder.

Classification

Sialolithiasis is classified by scientists in several ways.

Disease with a stone in the duct of one of the following glands:

• submandibular;
• parotid;
• sublingual.

In the above cases, the disease can be:

• without a clinical picture (with manifestation of inflammation in the gland);
• with chronic inflammation in the salivary gland;
• with acute chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation of the salivary gland develops against the background of diseases such as:

• submandibular salivary stone disease;
• parotid salivary stone disease;
• sublingual salivary stone disease.

The reason for the development of chronic inflammation is:

• spontaneous discharge of calculus;
• prompt stone extraction.

At the first symptoms, you should see a doctor.

Symptoms

Salivary stone disease has no symptoms at the initial stage of the disease.

As the pathology develops, the following is monitored:

• unpleasant taste, dry mouth due to lack of saliva;
• swelling of the neck, face, provoked by the stagnation of fluid in this area;
• an increase in the salivary gland in size;
• the presence of constant aching pain in the cheeks and mouth;
• sharp cutting pain while eating;
• inability to speak normally (in the presence of a large stone);
• protrusion of the earlobe (with inflammation of the parotid salivary glands);
• a mucus-like consistency of saliva that is difficult to swallow;
• febrile temperature, redness in the neck.

Symptoms are found in various combinations, but if something like this was noticed, do not neglect contacting a specialist, since the discomfort disappears within half an hour after mechanical action on the disease.

Diagnostics

An accurate diagnosis can only be established by a qualified specialist who is obliged to:

• examine the patient's medical history;
• conduct a detailed survey about the presence of relevant symptoms;
• palpate the salivary gland.

To confirm the diagnosis, the patient must undergo the following examinations:

• radiography;
• cT scan;
• multispiral tomography;
• ultrasonography;
• sialography (X-ray with the introduction of a contrast agent).

Modern medicine has made significant progress in terms of diagnosing a disease such as sialolithiasis. The examination is often carried out by a dentist, but it is also possible to receive a recommendation for passing the following specialists:

• general practitioner (in the presence of concomitant pathology);
• anesthesiologist (in order to choose the most effective anesthetic for the patient);
• doctor of radiation diagnostics (in order to correctly interpret the radiograph, ultrasound echogram and computed or multispiral tomography).

Differential diagnosis must necessarily be carried out if sialolithiasis is suspected.

Many people are interested in what is parotid sialadenitis. This disease in most cases affects children and elderly patients and is characterized by an acute or chronic form of the inflammatory process in the salivary gland (submandibular, sublingual, but most often parotid).

Disease symptoms

With inflammation of the salivary gland, the symptoms may be as follows:

1. In the acute form of the disease, the affected gland increases in volume and becomes denser. Painful sensations occur during chewing, swallowing. Pain syndrome can radiate to the ear and lower jaw. Patients report discomfort when opening their mouth. Ears may be blocked.
2. General health worsens. The body temperature rises.
3. A symptom of fluctuation is observed: a purulent focus (abscess) is formed, which is felt on palpation.
4. Salivary fistulas are formed during a severe course of an infectious disease.
5. There is an abnormal narrowing of the salivary ducts.
6. In the chronic form of the disease, the symptomatic signs of sialadenitis are less pronounced: swelling of the tissue of the salivary gland occurs, salivation decreases, and an unpleasant taste is felt in the oral cavity.

With sialadenitis, the symptoms and treatment are determined by the doctor.

Diagnosis of sialadenitis

Laboratory examination includes a number of such procedures:

1. Bacterial inoculation of biological fluid.
2. Ultrasound of the gland.
3. Sialometry in order to study the secretory function of the gland.
4. Sialography to detect the shadow of calculi.
5. Biopsy of the affected area.
6. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies to the causative agent of the infection.

Acute sialadenitis is diagnosed by palpation of the affected area: pus is released.

Features of lymphogenous sialadenitis are the need for differential diagnosis in order to avoid a false diagnosis. A little theory in the video:

Classification of the disease

Inflammatory disease is characterized by damage to both one and several glands. In most clinical cases, we are talking about symmetrically located (submandibular, sublingual) salivary glands.

Sialadenitis is accompanied by purulent or serous discharge from the oral cavity.

Acute sialadenitis

There are 2 types:

1. Viral. The provoking factors are: influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, the causative agent of mumps (mumps).
2. Bacterial sialadenitis in acute form is characterized by damage to the salivary ducts by pathogens in infectious diseases and in the postoperative period (accession of a secondary infection). Flakes and pus appear in the saliva.

Chronic sialadenitis

There are such types:

1. Parenchymal. It is characterized by a structural disorder with a disease of the gland. Cysts are formed.
2. Chronic interstitial sialadenitis develops in diabetes mellitus, hypertension.
3. Sialodochitis. The inflammatory process is directly in the salivary ducts.
4. Epidparotitis is characterized by inflammation of the parotid glands.

In the chronic course of the disease, exacerbations are replaced by periods of remission. The recurrent form is characterized by decreased salivation (dry mouth) and mild pain.

Sialadenitis code in the international classification of diseases ICD-10

K11.2 is the ICD-10 code for sialadenitis (international classification of diseases).

Sialadenitis reasons

1. The causative agents of the infectious process can be both microorganisms of the normal microflora of the oral cavity, and viruses, bacteria that enter the systemic circulation from the outside. The lymphogenous form of the disease is observed with ARVI or angina.
2. Cat scratches are a source of felinosis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), which becomes the cause of the disease.
3. Contact sialadenitis is often the result of purulent inflammation of the tissues adjacent to the salivary gland.
4. Surgical intervention on the abdominal organs.
5. With specific varieties of sialadenitis, the etiology and pathogenesis indicate damage to the tissues of the gland with pale treponema and Koch's bacillus.
6. Blockage of salivary ducts: ingress of small foreign bodies (food) and the formation of calculi.

Treatment of acute sialadenitis

There are a number of features:

1. Antibiotic therapy is advisable only in the case of bacterial etiology of the disease. Antibiotics of the penicillin series are prescribed in the form of instillations (drip solutions). The use of Cephaloridin and Erythromycin is also recommended.
2. Galantamine is used for electrophoresis.
3. If the patient has a purulent infiltration, then the doctor may prescribe applications with Dimexide solution. Sometimes surgical intervention is indicated for similar symptoms of the disease.
4. If viral sialadenitis is diagnosed, then antiviral agents for oral administration and irrigation with Interferon are prescribed.

Only a doctor determines how to treat sialadenitis.

Chronic sialadenitis treatment

Treatment at home is allowed for sialadenitis:

1. Grind the roots of celandine (300 g), 50 g each St. John's wort and yarrow. Mix all ingredients thoroughly and pour 700 ml of vodka. Insist the product at room temperature for 7 days. Strain. Use for making compresses.
2. Fresh homemade cottage cheese must be applied to the swollen area, having previously distributed it in an even layer on a gauze napkin.
3. Urine 5 days old is used for a compress, which is applied before bedtime.
4. Mix 1 tbsp. l. powder of camphor with pork fat (100 g). Apply the resulting mass to the inflamed area.
5. Mix petroleum jelly with birch tar in a 1:10 ratio. The product is used for external treatment.
6. Pour crushed propolis (2 tbsp. L.) With alcohol in a volume of 450 ml. Shake the product for half an hour. You need to insist for 1 week. Strain and drink 30 drops three times a day, diluted with a glass of water.
7. If sialadenitis is diagnosed, place the mummy under the tongue three times a day for 45 days.
8. Garlic and sunflower oil are used to lubricate the mouth. Boil 1 cup oil, then mix with minced garlic (1-2 cloves). The product can be used as nasal drops.
9. Bake the husked onion in the oven. Peel it, chop it, add 1 tbsp. l. birch tar. Stir the ingredients until smooth. The resulting remedy must be applied to the affected area if sialadenitis has worsened.
10. Bring water to a boil. Then add 5 tbsp. l. coniferous needles. Simmer the product over low heat for half an hour. Insist. Strain. It is recommended to take the remedy twice a day if recurrent sialadenitis is diagnosed.

Traditional medicine offers the following treatments for the disease:

1. Physiotherapy with Sollux lamp.
2. Pilocarpine for sialadenitis to increase the secretion of the salivary gland.
3. Surgery if medication has been ineffective for sialadenitis. A doctor may recommend removing the affected area.

The doctor determines the exact dosage and frequency of medication. You cannot self-medicate.

Possible complications

1. Abscesses.
2. Tissue necrosis, if sialadenitis occurs in an acute form.
3. Replacement of glandular connective tissue (deformation).
4. Chronic sialadenitis leads to xerostomia (decrease or complete cessation of saliva flow).

Disease prevention

It is necessary to follow a number of rules in order to avoid infections entering the salivary ducts:

1. Strengthen the immune system, especially if sialadenitis is chronic.
2. Treat diseases of the teeth and gums in a timely manner.
3. Children and adults must follow good oral hygiene.
4. It is allowed to rinse the mouth with antiseptic solutions. Boric acid can be used.

Which doctor should I go to for help?

If the patient needs a sick leave, the therapist gives a certificate of incapacity for work. In most cases, the doctor sends for additional examination, since sialadenitis has a clinical picture similar to a number of other diseases. An accurate diagnosis can be made by a dentist and a rheumatologist.

Inflammation of the salivary glands in medicine is called sialoadenitis and has the ICD-10 code K11.2. This disease is bacterial in nature and is very dangerous, because in the absence of adequate therapy, it can lead to clogging of the saliva ducts, the formation of stones in them, purulent lesions and destruction of surrounding tissues.

To know when it's time to sound the alarm, read the material below - it will help you navigate and see the first symptoms of danger, diagnose pathology and cure it correctly.

A few words about the salivary glands

Each mouth is lined with a mucous membrane, and on its surface there are several pairs of salivary glands:

• parotid: These are located under the auricle and are the largest. They become inflamed more often than others, then sialoadenitis of the parotid gland occurs,
• submandibular: located under the lower jaw and lower dentition. With their inflammation, submandibular sialoadenitis occurs,
• sublingual: they are on the right and left of our language.

What are the salivary glands doing in our body? During normal functioning, they secrete through special ducts located in the mouth, a secret or in simple saliva. This clear, viscous liquid helps us to soften food bits before entering the esophagus and stomach. Thanks to her, the process of swallowing and digestion goes smoothly. In addition, the sublingual saliva produces protective enzymes that help fight pathogenic microflora in the mouth, kill bacteria and wash away plaque. Thus, it protects teeth and gums from excessive accumulation of cariogenic bacteria, plaque and development.

If bacteria somehow enter the salivary duct, then it becomes infected and in 42-54% of all cases a person gets sick with sialoadenitis of the salivary gland. The disease can affect any one type of gland, can spread symmetrically, and can capture absolutely all ducts located in the oral cavity. And if at the same time a person continues to ignore the alarming symptoms of the disease, then saliva simply ceases to be produced in the required amount, from which the quality of nutrition and digestion begins to suffer, and dental problems appear. But let's talk about everything in order.

Why is the salivary gland inflamed?

The main instigators of the disease are always bacteria and viruses that take advantage of a weakened human immune system, poor oral hygiene, colds, bad habits and poor nutrition, stress, vitamin deficiency, overload at work, and begin to multiply actively. Only now they get into the salivary gland in different ways.

The most common route is through the oral cavity, where a large number of streptococci, staphylococci, colibacteria, and anaerobic flora colonize. Less commonly, bacteria can enter through airborne transmission, through the blood vessels and lymph. The risk of developing sialoadenitis, i.e. inflammation of the parotid, submandibular or sublingual salivary glands is especially increased in those who during this period are sick or have had caries, angina, acute forms of acute respiratory viral infections and respiratory diseases, tracheitis, periodontitis, furunculosis, mumps (parotitis) and even conjunctivitis. People suffering from malignant tumors, endocrinology, diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, dysbacteriosis, anorexia are also at risk.

The disease can also develop if, for example, tissues that are located near the salivary gland are inflamed or if they undergo surgery. A pathological process also manifests itself when a blockage occurs in the gland duct, caused by the ingress of solid food residues or foreign objects, injury, salivary stone disease (then doctors call the pathology calculous sialoadenitis).

Important! Inflammation of the sublingual, parotid or submandibular salivary gland is triggered by the Coxsackie and Einstein-Barr viral microorganisms, cetamegalovirus, herpes simplex, influenza viruses, Koch's bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, treponema pallidum (occurs in the body) against the background of syphilis.

Classifications and forms of the disease

We have analyzed the causes of inflammation of the salivary glands. But due to the variety of factors leading to the disease, doctors distinguish different types of pathology. Naturally, based on the form of sialoadenitis, treatment is subsequently prescribed. Therefore, for example, it makes no sense to conduct therapy at home without going to a doctor. After all, you cannot be sure exactly what triggered the disease.

Characteristic	Classification
By etiology	viral, bacterial, fungal, non-infectious: for example, poisoning with salts of heavy metals, mumps: this includes mumps. Here, inflammation of the salivary glands occurs mainly in a male child, from 5 to 10 years old. In adulthood, women are more likely to get it. With such a pathology, only the parotid salivary duct becomes inflamed.
According to the clinical picture	primary: occurs as an independent disease, secondary: arises against the background of already existing or transferred pathologies or as a complication of concomitant health problems.
By the mechanism of appearance	intraductal: the infection gets inside from the mouth, hematogenous: typhoid fever, scarlet fever, lymphogenous: enters the body through lymph or blood as a result of respiratory and dental diseases, pathologies of the maxillofacial region (furunculosis, conjunctivitis), contact: for example, it is observed with phlegmon, which caused inflammation of the soft tissues adjacent to the glands, postoperative: occurs against the background of recent surgical operations.
By localization area	the parotid glands are affected: this happens most often, sialoadenitis of the submandibular glands: their inflammation occurs less often, sublingual salivary gland: the rarest type of pathology.
By the type of localization within one salivary gland	ducts are affected, the stroma of the salivary gland becomes inflamed, the parenchyma is affected.
With the flow	acute: it is serous, purulent, necrotic, chronic.

Symptoms of pathology

Acute sialoadenitis leads to enlargement and hardening of the affected salivary gland. Naturally, soft tissues swell around her, and the skin turns red. What else does a sick person feel:

• on the part of the body: a weak condition, a person may shiver, the body temperature may rise to 38-39 degrees, shortness of breath may appear,
• painful sensations: they arise when probing the inflamed area, when opening the mouth, when chewing and when swallowing food, when turning the head. The pains are sharp, shooting, can irides into the ear, head, neck, temples, frontal lobe,
• in rare cases, ear congestion occurs,
• taste sensations change or are disturbed: a person loses appetite,
• saliva may stop being produced in the right quantities: dry mouth is felt. In the separated saliva, there is also an admixture of pus, heterogeneity, clots of mucus, it becomes cloudy.

On a note! When a person's parotid salivary glands become inflamed and increase in size, then ordinary people talk about mumps. It is easy to explain this, because outwardly the patient's neck swells and is very similar in structure to the neck of a well-known animal.

If a person ignores the manifestations of the disease and does not carry out its treatment, then he is not immune from chronic sialoadenitis. Which proceeds with periods of exacerbation, accompanied by minor pain, unpleasant, dry mouth, a change in taste.

“Despite the fact that inflammation of the salivary glands has characteristic symptoms, many patients do not look for the cause of its occurrence and do not seek to undergo qualified treatment faster. And all because pathology is very insidious. Short-term periods of deterioration are replaced by stabilization of the condition, complete absence of symptoms, when the patient again feels completely healthy and blames everything on temporary difficulties. But the bad thing is that the inflammatory process continues, microbes living in the ducts make their way further, damage the nervous apparatus, and cripple the renal system. Sometimes they can reach the brain and render a person incapacitated. More often, everything can end with surgery, abscess, formation of abscesses, chronic impairment of salivation and necrosis of the affected areas ", - the therapist K.R. Simonov warns.

Who will help diagnose the disease and prescribe treatment

Which doctor should I go to? Depending on the concomitant diseases and the clinical picture, a therapeutic specialist or a pediatric pediatrician, dentist, infectious disease specialist or venereologist, rheumatologist or phthisiatrician can help. Sometimes you can't do without a surgeon.

To confirm the external manifestations of the disease and differentiate it in form, the doctor diagnoses sialoadenitis: he can prescribe a biochemical or cytological examination of saliva, conduct a biopsy and histology. It is imperative in this case that an ultrasound scan and a sialography method are prescribed, when specialists inject a contrast agent into the salivary ducts, which is then displayed using an X-ray and allows evidence of pathological and structural changes in the tissues and ducts. With the help of sialometry, the amount of secreted secretion is also determined. The patient is taken for a blood test in order to understand against the background of what the disease has developed.

Important! It is necessary to differentiate pathology from salivary stone disease, from malignant tumors, cysts, monoculosis, lymphadenitis.

Treatment features

Correct diagnosis of the form of sialoadenitis allows you to prescribe an effective treatment. It is good when, in the early and acute stages, it dispenses with surgery. A set of measures saves the situation:

• treatment of inflammation of the salivary gland with antibiotics,
• antiviral and antibacterial therapy,
• therapy aimed at stimulating the activity of the salivary glands: drugs of the penicillin group, "Erythromycin", help well for this purpose, as well as changes in the diet - it includes lemon juice, chewing candies, sauerkraut, berries,
• antiseptics, resorption of serous and purulent infiltrate, elimination of puffiness and inflammation: "Pyrogenal", "Dimexid", novocaine blockade. Again, penicillin or "Gentamicin", which are directly injected and simultaneously prescribed in the form of tablets in the most advanced cases. With suppuration, opening and drainage of abscesses may also be shown,
• applying compresses: for example, a 30% solution of dimexide,
• physiotherapy: electrophoresis, galvanization,
• massage.

“My mother is a doctor, so I say for sure that sialadenitis cannot be cured with folk remedies. They can only relieve symptoms. For this, calendula, chamomile, yarrow and echinacea are perfect. You can simply rinse your mouth with a soda solution. For those who do not have allergies, you can try propolis and birch tar. "

Lola, excerpt from the correspondence on the forumwoman. ru

Usually, after the start of therapy, the patient's relief comes after a few days, on the seventh day the disease passes. But if the pathology has spilled over into the chronic stage and is neglected, and is also complicated by the fact that the ducts of the salivary glands are clogged with solid formations, calculi, doctors insist on surgery. Using a special tool, they crush and remove stones. In some cases, when the rarest, gangrenous form of the disease has developed, it is impossible to do without removing the salivary gland itself.

At different ages, a person may face a disease such as inflammation of the salivary gland. We will tell you about the symptoms, causes and treatment of this pathology in order to easily navigate when you need to see a doctor.

This problem is called sialoadenitis and involves mandatory therapy under the supervision of specialists. But in order to apply adequate methods and correctly make an appointment, you must first understand what exactly led to the disease and how it proceeds. In each case, different methods of influence are needed.

About the salivary glands

It is a paired organ that is responsible for secreting a special secret. When any disturbance in salivation occurs, the person feels it and suffers from dry mouth or excessive fluid. This happens as a result of various pathological processes.

Large organs are most susceptible to various diseases - parotid, sublingual and submandibular. They are considered paired glands, they are felt as dense formations of irregular shape. In addition to the secretion of saliva, they are also responsible for the secretion of hormones, purification of blood plasma and elimination of decay products.

The most common problems are sialoadenitis and mumps, which affect the organ and disrupt its proper functioning. In childhood, these diseases are often closely related and are detected simultaneously. Inflammation of the salivary gland occurs due to the ingress of any infectious agent into the organ.

Causes of occurrence

Sialoadenitis appears against the background of various pathologies that affect the entire body as a whole. It affects adults and children alike, men and women alike. Although the male part of the population is more difficult and brings other unpleasant consequences. Inflammation is triggered by viruses or bacteria.

Doctors list the following main reasons contributing to the development of sialoadenitis:

• infectious diseases of the oral cavity or ear;
• the presence of serious pathologies (tuberculosis, HIV);
• metabolic problems;
• other conditions in which the immune system is significantly weakened;
• childhood infections - rubella, measles, scarlet fever;
• viral diseases;
• fungal infections;
• pneumonia or bronchitis;
• benign or malignant formations.

For the pathological process to start, it is enough only for the presence of a bacterium that affects the glandular tissue, and weakening of immunity against the background of some serious pathology. According to ICD-10, sialoadenitis refers to diseases of the salivary glands and is designated by the code K11.2.

Most often, doctors observe a close relationship between inflammation of this organ and a virus called epidparotitis, popularly referred to as "mumps". Since these pathogenic bacteria infect the glandular epithelium, the salivary glands are primarily affected by them. The danger of the disease for men is that the testicular tissue is destroyed in the same way.

But there are other reasons for the infection of this organ:

• irregular and poor-quality hygiene;
• functional narrowing of the salivary ducts, which occurs after surgical operations, as a result of exhaustion, with frequent disturbances in the functioning of the digestive tract;
• blockage of the salivary ducts, when fluid stagnation forms due to the presence of some kind of foreign body, such as stones.

Infection can enter the gland in a variety of ways - from the outside, through the oral cavity, through the blood or lymph, and also as a result of mechanical injury.

When it comes to the chronic form of the course, the following factors contribute to the appearance of inflammation:

• congenital predisposition to narrowing of the ducts;
• autoimmune pathologies;
• trauma to the gland;
• frequent hypothermia;
• general exhaustion;
• stressful situations;
• vascular atherosclerosis.

A photo

Types and symptoms

If sialoadenitis is the result of a viral infection of epidparotitis, then the signs of a general disease will be as follows:

• high temperature (39-40 degrees);
• swelling of the parotid glands;
• soreness near the ear;
• severe discomfort when chewing;
• general weakness;
• loss of appetite;
• dryness of the mucous membrane.

When the cause of the disease is damage to neighboring organs, for example, tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, the following symptoms appear:

• impaired salivation (dryness or excess fluid);
• severe pain when chewing food;
• taste sensations change;
• there is a characteristic aftertaste;
• high body temperature.

Often this pathology is accompanied by stomatitis. It should be noted that the swelling of the gland occurs depending on the localization of the inflammatory process - near the ear, under the tongue in the mouth, or under the chin. This is what indicates the location of the main defeat.

Also, doctors distinguish various types of sialoadenitis:

1. Serous - the initial stage of the disease, when there is dryness of the mucous membrane, slight pain at the site of the lesion, swelling. In this case, the skin covering the diseased organ does not change. If you press on the gland, then only saliva is released from it.
2. Purulent - the pain becomes severe and acute, the body temperature rises significantly, swelling and other symptoms prevent a person from eating and talking normally. The swelling affects the temples, cheeks, and lower jaw. On palpation, the gland secretes pus into the oral cavity. The skin turns red, and the organ itself becomes denser to the touch.
3. Gangrenous is a severe form of the disease that occurs in advanced conditions. In this case, all of the above symptoms are observed in the form of high temperature, general intoxication, weakness, vomiting, etc. A characteristic feature is the death of glandular tissues.

If the disease is not treated, the pathological process will worsen, sepsis may develop, and bleeding may begin. In some cases, this leads to damage to the large vessels in the neck and death. Therefore, you need to understand which doctor to contact at the first signs of sialoadenitis. So, if an adult falls ill, then you should come for a consultation with a therapist, and if a child - a pediatrician.

The chronic form of sialoadenitis looks different:

1. With interstitial inflammation of the salivary glands, the parotid organs are affected (in 85% of cases), especially often in older women. For a long time, the disease is asymptomatic, the pathological process develops slowly, gradually leading to a narrowing of the salivary ducts and their blockage.
2. Parenchymal sialoadenitis is also found in the parotid gland (99%) in women. Symptoms have not manifested themselves for decades, and only with an exacerbation, the patient will find a salty liquid that is released when pressed.

Diagnostics

It is not difficult to establish the presence of an inflammatory process in the salivary gland. It is enough for a specialist to make a visual examination, palpate and listen to the patient's complaints in order to determine the type of disease. The acute course of pathology is detected without the use of additional studies.

And only if a chronic form is suspected, sialography is prescribed. In this case, a contrast agent is injected into the gland and an x-ray is taken. This method helps to detect narrow ducts, multiple cavities and other structural pathologies of the organ. But in case of acute symptoms, this procedure is not carried out, since it will only intensify the painful sensations.

Treatment of inflammation of the salivary glands

Sialoadenitis, especially of infectious etiology, is treated in a hospital using conservative techniques. And only in strict dependence on the pathogenic nature of inflammation, more suitable pills or other means are chosen:

In case of epidemic parotitis, interferon in any form, drugs to lower the temperature, pain relievers are prescribed. With other nonspecific pathogens, it is necessary to relieve inflammation and improve the work of the salivary ducts. For this purpose, apply:

• a special diet, in which the consumption of acidic foods is increased, which contribute to increased salivation;
• 5-6 drops of pilocarpine hydrochloric acid solution;
• antibiotic therapy - in case of infectious organ lesions, what antibiotics should be taken is decided by the attending physician;
• antiseptics - for treating the mucous surface;
• to relieve inflammation and slightly anesthetize, apply compresses from a solution of Dimexide (30%) every half hour;
• physiotherapy is prescribed (UHF, heating, electrophoresis);
• intravenous injections of trasilol or kontrikal are administered;
• novocaine-penicillin blockade;
• the narrowing of the ducts is eliminated using bougienage.

With purulent or gangrenous sialoadenitis, an operation is necessary, as a result of which the inside of the organ is cleaned or the gland is removed. In the presence of stones and other formations that have led to the blockage of the ducts, their elimination is also required. For this, lithotripsy or lithoextraction is performed.

Chronic inflammation is treated as follows:

• apply massage in the area of \u200b\u200bthe salivary glands;
• purulent masses are washed due to the introduction of antibiotics into the organ;
• make novocaine blockades;
• do electrophoresis using galantamine;
• appoint galvanization;
• iodolipol is administered, which is able to prevent future exacerbations;
• take potassium iodide;
• carry out X-ray therapy.

At home

Sialoadenitis requires medical attention. Any folk remedies are available to use only as auxiliary methods:

1. You can make a compress from alcohol tincture of yarrow and celandine.
2. Mix petroleum jelly and birch tar in a ratio of 1:10. This ointment is applied to the affected area twice a day.
3. They put a small piece of mummy under the tongue.
4. Propolis is chewed in a volume of 0.5 teaspoon, if desired, the remains can be swallowed.
5. Rinse the mouth with a soda solution.
6. Echinacea tincture - taken orally or used as compresses.
7. Herbal decoctions of medicinal plants (chamomile, eucalyptus, mint).

Video: about inflammation of the salivary glands in the program “Live Healthy” with Elena Malysheva.

Prevention

To prevent the appearance of sialoadenitis, you need to adhere to simple recommendations:

• Regularly and.
• Timely eliminate foci of infection, treat emerging diseases.
• Get vaccinated against mumps according to the vaccination schedule.
• For various infectious diseases, it is better to rinse your mouth with ready-made antiseptic solutions.
• Try to avoid stress.