Selection of tablets after a heart attack according to the principles of action. What drugs to take after myocardial infarction What pills to drink after myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction is an acute violation of the blood supply to the heart muscle. This condition is extremely dangerous and, in the absence of qualified treatment, can be fatal. Rehabilitation therapy is an important step in patient treatment. It depends on her whether a person can live the same life, and what are the risks of a second attack. Treatment after myocardial infarction, drugs, folk recipes, prevention.

Why is myocardial infarction

We all know that a heart attack is a dangerous condition that can occur at any time. But what actually causes poor circulation in the heart muscle? Not many of us think that we ourselves are bringing ourselves to this pathology, year after year, eating improperly and becoming slaves of bad habits. It is these two factors that most often cause myocardial infarction.

The harbingers of a heart attack are various cardiovascular diseases that develop against the background of high cholesterol, sugar, excess weight and other risk factors. Having suffered a heart attack, each person can return to normal life, but treatment takes more than one year. The main thing in rehabilitation after an attack is to follow all the doctor's recommendations, take medications and eliminate adverse factors from your life.

Life after a heart attack

Most often, doctors advise patients after a myocardial infarction to completely change their outlook on life.

It should be remembered that now you need to be more careful about your health, avoid stress, anxiety and other factors that can cause a relapse of the disease.

First of all, the patient should take all medications recommended by the doctor after a heart attack and refuse:

• Smoking.
• Drinking alcohol.
• Fatty and fried foods.
• Salty foods.
• Semi-finished products and sausages.

In addition to proper nutrition and giving up bad habits after a heart attack, stress, increased physical exertion and overwork should be avoided. In other words, the life of patients after myocardial infarction should be sparing so that the heart muscle can recover and return to full-fledged work.

However, lying on the couch will not make you healthy. Adequate physical activity is very important for patients who have had a heart attack. It's not about going to the gym or rocking chair. You need to walk more in the fresh air, walk and engage in physiotherapy exercises. It is very important during the rehabilitation period that the relatives provide moral support to the patient. A person should feel needed and loved, he needs to receive positive emotions and participate in family life.

Medical therapy for heart attack

Medical treatment of myocardial infarction includes long-term treatment with different groups of drugs. The treatment regimen should be developed by the attending physician, who will select the necessary medications, and determine the dosage and frequency of administration. When choosing pills after a heart attack, the presence of concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc. is of great importance.

The basis of drug therapy is to reduce the load on the heart muscle and stabilize blood readings. What medications are most often prescribed? Today, experts include the following groups of drugs in the list of drugs used for myocardial infarction:

• Statins. This is a group of drugs that break down cholesterol and prevent the formation of cholesterol plaques. In addition, these tablets help to reduce the inflammatory process in the vessels after a heart attack. Often, statins have to be drunk for the rest of your life to maintain normal blood cholesterol levels.
• Nitro preparations. Medicines for myocardial infarction should include nitroglycerin or similar substances. These pills relieve pain, dilate blood vessels and normalize blood pressure. Taking drugs of this group is prescribed for chest pain. On an ongoing basis, drugs are not recommended to be taken, they cause addiction and withdrawal symptoms.
• BETA Blockers. Treatment after myocardial infarction with BETA-Blockers is a necessity for many patients. It is these pills that lower the pulse and blood pressure, ensuring that the heart works in a sparing mode. This group of drugs has contraindications, and therefore self-treatment is prohibited.
• Blood thinning drugs. Treatment of myocardial infarction with drugs, often includes blood thinners. They are needed to prevent blood clots from forming and reduce the risk of a second attack. These drugs include aspirin-containing drugs. With uncontrolled use, there is a high risk of sudden bleeding.
• RA blockers. Patients sometimes have to treat a heart attack for years. One attack puts an end to the usual life. After a stroke, the heart needs rest, and to provide it, doctors often opt for drugs from the RA blockers group. These drugs are well tolerated by patients, reduce blood pressure and reduce hypertrophic phenomena in the heart muscle.
• ACE inhibitors. These funds normalize blood pressure, strengthen blood vessels and help restore damaged areas of the heart muscle after a heart attack. There are contraindications. You need to take medications in accordance with the recommendations of your doctor.
• Magnesium preparations. To maintain stable heart function, doctors may recommend magnesium supplements to patients in the post-infarction period. The appointment should be made by the cardiologist in accordance with the test results. It should be remembered that an excess of magnesium can lead to undesirable consequences.

Non-drug therapy for heart attack

Many patients ask what else can be used to quickly return to normal life after suffering a heart attack. Doctors advise combining drug therapy with traditional medicine methods. The recipes used in folk treatment have a natural composition and have tonic and tonic properties. One of the ingredients that traditional medicine often recommends for strengthening blood vessels is garlic. On its basis, you can prepare tinctures, seasonings and simply add it to main dishes. Garlic effectively fights cholesterol, being a natural statin.

One of the most effective recipes for strengthening blood vessels and lowering cholesterol from garlic is:

Garlic with honey and cranberries. To prepare a healing mixture, you will need 200 gr. garlic, 150 gr. honey and 1 kg. cranberries. The ingredients must be ground in a meat grinder and mixed with honey melted in a water bath. The mixture should be left in a dark place for 4 days, stirring constantly. Take a mixture of 1/10 of a spoon 2 times a day on an empty stomach.

Also, from traditional medicine, you can take recipes for fortifying teas and decoctions based on raspberry leaves, currants, hawthorn fruits and black chokeberry. All these funds have a therapeutic effect, but when using them, it is not recommended to abandon traditional treatment after a heart attack.

Nutrition after a heart attack

Dysfunction of the myocardium, the treatment of which consists in the long-term intake of medicines and vitamins, implies adherence to a certain diet. For a speedy recovery, food should be complete, varied and vitamin. Based on the fact that high cholesterol is considered the main cause of a heart attack, the diet excludes the use of animal fats. Patients are prohibited from including fatty meats, fatty dairy products, sausages, semi-finished products, sauces, spicy, salty, fried and smoked foods in the diet.

Food should be rich in vegetables, fruits, berries, herbs. Allowed to eat:

• lean meat and not fatty fish;
• steamed dishes;
• porridge on the water;
• vegetable salads seasoned with vegetable oil.

The diet should be made by the attending physician, taking into account the presence of concomitant diseases, so people with high sugar will have to control the amount of carbohydrates, and patients with hypertension need to reduce their salt intake.

Physiotherapy after a heart attack

For many years, it was believed that people with myocardial infarction should be kept in bed. However, recent studies have shown that patients who are without physical activity for a long time are much more susceptible to developing complications such as thromboembolism, thrombosis and joint stiffness.

Of course, you should not run to the gym the day after the attack. You need to lie down exactly as long as the doctor tells you. Patients are advised to walk after discharge from the hospital. You must first walk at home for 10-15 minutes slowly and carefully. Next, you need to go outside and walk in the fresh air. The loads must be constantly monitored.

If you experience shortness of breath and weakness, you should immediately rest.

In the later post-infarction period, when the condition has already returned to normal, patients must definitely attend physical therapy classes. Cardio loads in an adequate mode help to rehabilitate faster and reduce the risk of complications and recurrent attacks.

Today, doctors use modern drugs and rehabilitation methods to treat heart attacks. However, the patient must take all the necessary measures for a speedy recovery. First of all, a person must understand that now one wrong decision can turn into a relapse of the disease. You must immediately and forever quit smoking, forget about the use of alcohol and junk food, you need to take care of yourself every minute. Only if the patient himself wishes, doctors can perform a miracle and return him to normal life.

In contact with

Myocardial infarction is an ordeal for the heart muscle. Recovering from it will take effort and time. But if you follow all the recommendations of the doctors, you can return to a fulfilling life. The main thing that will require treatment after myocardial infarction is drugs of several groups and the correct regimen.

📌 Read in this article

How to behave after a heart attack

Enemies of the heart - high cholesterol and blood pressure, stress, addictions, excessive body weight. Eliminating these factors is an important part of rehabilitation after illness.

The following useful life habits will help keep the heart muscle in good shape, but not overstrain it:

• A diet high in slow carbohydrates, vegetable fats and vitamins. These are vegetables, cereals, fruits, lean meat, fish. The amount of animal fats, salt, coffee, sugar should be minimized.
• Refusal from cigarettes, strong alcoholic drinks. They interfere with the functioning of blood vessels, disrupting the nutrition of the myocardium.
• Feasible physical activity, walking in the fresh air,. You need to choose the intensity of classes based on your well-being.
• Avoiding stress, striving for psychological balance. Sedatives can help with this, but independent efforts must be made.
• Controlling levels and cholesterol. It is necessary to regularly take tests, use a tonometer at home.
• Use of medications prescribed by your doctor.

What means will help restore health after a heart attack

The list of drugs required for rehabilitation after a heart attack is impressive. But you can't cut it yourself. Each tool solves its own problem. And together they are able to return the patient who has suffered a heart attack to well-being and a high quality of life.

Read also

A repeated myocardial infarction can occur within a month (then it is called recurrent), as well as 5 years or more. To prevent the consequences as much as possible, it is important to know the symptoms and carry out prevention. The prognosis is not the most optimistic for patients.

After 10 seconds, oxygen in the cells of the heart runs out, and after 30 minutes they begin to die slowly, and 3-6 hours later, the changes are irreversible.

• Passive lifestyle;
• Diabetes;
• Excess body weight;
• Addictions;
• Stress;
• High blood pressure;
• Male gender;
• Considerable age.

Curative measures

Given the severity of the disease, at the first symptoms it is necessary to call an ambulance and follow the instructions of the doctors until complete recovery. The main thing in the treatment of myocardial infarction is time. A significant proportion of people with this disease die before reaching the hospital walls, or arriving there too late when tissue necrosis becomes irreversible. Many (especially young enough) cannot be saved due to the fact that they do not attach due importance to the symptoms of myocardial infarction, and treatment is late.

Before arriving at the hospital

A patient can be given half a gram of aspirin while waiting for doctors, which will increase his chances of survival by a quarter. Indirect cardiac massage or artificial respiration is required if the heart stops. And with the threat of fainting and frequent heartbeat with irregular rhythm, prolonged vigorous coughing can help. In order to ease the load on the heart muscle, the patient must be laid down, leaving his head elevated, and provide him with access to fresh air.

Sedatives and pain relievers that can fight the overwhelming will of severe pain and fear will not be superfluous. Nitroglycerin and other similar medications may help.

A number of measures are available already when transporting a patient in an ambulance. An oxygen mask will limit the irreversible changes caused by oxygen deprivation. For acute pain, the patient is given morphine or a similar remedy.

In the hospital

A person who has suffered a heart attack is taken to intensive care. Medicine today has a considerable arsenal of effective means of treating patients with myocardial infarction:

• Agioplasty is the opening of a non-functioning vessel without surgery.
• During shunting, a cylindrical mesh frame made of inert metals (eg gold) is inserted into the vessel to provide sufficient blood flow to the heart.
• Do not forget about other methods available to surgeons.

When the crisis has passed, treatment of myocardial infarction begins in the hospital, often in the intensive care unit. There the patient spends, on average, 5-10 days. Then the period of home rehabilitation begins, lasting at best about two weeks, but it can take a month and a half, and end up with a disability. Therefore, it is important to strictly follow the instructions of doctors from the very first days after a heart attack and follow their certain prescriptions throughout life, which will help maintain health and avoid relapse.

Treatment after a heart attack is a complex of measures, including taking medications of various groups, changing lifestyle and eliminating those factors that caused the first attack. After all, although the question of how many heart attacks a person can suffer is individual and depends on many things, each subsequent heart attack increases the risk of death, and the third and further attacks are considered extreme.

It is necessary to give up excessive alcohol and smoking, including with medical help and taking appropriate medications. Diet and physical activity are important, both in the hospital and after recovery, walking in the fresh air. It may be necessary to leave work, reduce stress levels. The support of loved ones plays a significant role in returning to a full and healthy life.

After rehabilitation, a scar appears on the heart muscle; with proper treatment, this occurs in the second month after the attack.

Necessary medicines

Medical treatment after a heart attack is also complex. It is important to follow the dosage and characteristics of medication prescribed by your doctor, and not neglect those medications that need to be taken for a long time or for life. Drugs of several groups are usually prescribed.

Statins maintain healthy blood cholesterol levels by breaking them down in the liver and ridding the body of excess cholesterol. Statins also fight inflammatory processes in the blood vessels of the circulatory system and promote the absorption of fats from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood. The drugs in this group include Simvastatin, Vasilip, Simgal, Simlo, Cardiostatin, Lipostat, Tulip, Liptonorm, Atoris, Tevastor, Livazo. Healthy eating promotes the effectiveness of statins. Natural substances of this group, contained in turmeric, fish oil and garlic, can also be included in the diet.

Beta blockers lower blood pressure and keep your heart rate normal. Thus, the workload on the heart is reduced and the circulatory system receives a sufficient amount of oxygen. Anaprilin, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol are some of these drugs. These funds can be used for a long time. However, they are contraindicated for asthma patients and diabetics.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as Enalapril, Lisinopril and Perindopril, protect against structural changes in the circulatory system, prevent myocardial growth, and sometimes lead to its decrease. Often they are prescribed from the first day of illness.

Nitrates (the most famous of which is Nitroglycerin) are indispensable drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction, relieving pain and excessive high blood pressure. One tablet placed under the tongue can help a person in a pre-infarction state; nitroglycerin injections, ointments, a patch on the skin or on the gums are also used.

Antiplatelet agents that thin the blood are represented primarily by acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin. Aspirin is designed to reduce platelet adhesion, protecting against the reappearance of blood clots. It is one of the medications that can be taken long-term or lifelong. Those who cannot tolerate aspirin are prescribed drugs similar in effect, such as Ticlopidine or Clopidogrel.

Medical treatment of myocardial infarction, in addition to the above drugs, may include antihypoxants or diuretics that improve oxygen delivery to the heart, lowering pressure (at significant dosages) and reducing swelling.

An important role in maintaining the health of the myocardium is played by vitamin-mineral complexes containing magnesium, zinc, calcium and potassium. In addition, herbal teas and traditional medicine are useful. It is important, however, to remember that they are only an additional method of rehabilitation and cannot replace the drugs prescribed by the attending physician.

Rehabilitation

Diet

The first criterion to be met by nutrition after myocardial infarction is fractionality. You need to eat a little so that the rising diaphragm does not press on the heart, but at least 4, and preferably 6-7 times a day. At first, a strict restriction on the calorie content of food is observed; fruit and vegetable purees will be the best choice. But from the food leading to bloating, as well as from fatty meat, you need to refrain. Vegetable soups, liquid cereals are also suitable, carrot juice with vegetable oil is useful. All dishes should be eaten pure and not contain salt.

Two weeks after the attack, a wider variety of food is allowed, but numerous restrictions remain. First of all, you need to avoid spicy, spicy, salty food (salt can be consumed no more than 6 g per day), canned food, smoked meats, coffee and alcohol. There is a limitation of 2500 kcal per day, so with proper nutrition, the patient's weight should not increase. Fish, dairy products, food containing magnesium, potassium and calcium are useful, but eggs can be eaten no more than 2-3 per week. Confectionery should be replaced with natural analogs - honey, dried fruits and nuts, black tea - with rosehip decoction.

It is important that the last meal is 2-3 hours before bedtime, and bowel movements are regular, at least once every two days (otherwise it is worth using an enema).

Physical activity

Treatment after a heart attack also includes physical exercise, starting already in the hospital on the second or third day after the attack, under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The first exercises, such as moving the eyes, arms, and then the upper torso, are done in bed. After a week, it is allowed to leave the bed and move carefully within the ward. The loads increase gradually and are carefully monitored by the attending physician.

After discharge, gentle physical activity should become an integral part of life. Walking in the fresh air, climbing stairs, walking with gradually increasing speed and distance are necessary. You need to start small. Further aerobic sports are possible: swimming, skiing, Nordic walking. Let's repeat: the doctor should prescribe the load, because overstrain can bring not help, but tremendous harm.

A strictly controlled daily regimen with the same sleep time of at least 7 hours a day is required. Hurry, physical and nervous stress at work should be avoided. The best choice for a weekend or vacation would be outdoor recreation or a stay in a sanatorium.

Psychological state

How to live after a myocardial infarction? The patient's assessment of what happened to him is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it is important that a person does not withdraw into himself and do not fall into depression, experiencing fear and pain subjugating the will. This can limit his physical and sexual activity, which will not only reduce his quality of life, but also will not benefit his health. On the other hand, patients who feel good sometimes do not take the prescriptions of doctors seriously enough, which leads to the persistence of risk factors for coronary heart disease and repeated heart attacks. It is extremely important to achieve a sober assessment of the patient's condition.

In addition, it is worth learning the technique of relaxation and avoiding nervous situations. You may need to change jobs, take antidepressants. It is important that loved ones also avoid conflict situations and provide support, and not stress.

Medicine currently has a sufficient arsenal of tools to return people who have suffered a heart attack to a full and happy life in less time. The main thing is not to forget about these answers to the question "how to treat myocardial infarction":

• Timely - remember the symptoms and be attentive to the state of your own health, missing out on precious time;
• Comprehensively - to take the specified set of rehabilitation measures and eliminate the risk factors for coronary artery disease;
• Consistently - scrupulously follow every order of the doctors.

After a heart attack, how much to drink pills

Myocardial infarction is an insidious ailment that does not go away without a trace. The focus of necrosis formed in the myocardium significantly affects the functioning of the heart as a whole.

Important! “Since the number of healthy cells decreases after severe ischemia, hypertrophy of the heart tissue occurs as compensation. The load on the myocardium increases, and more oxygen and nutrients are required for its normal activity. "

Correctly selected therapy will help to quickly cope with the unpleasant consequences of the disease and improve the quality of cardiac activity during the rehabilitation period.

Myocardial infarction is a heart disease that is caused by an acute deficiency of its blood supply.

Medicines that can be prescribed after a heart attack

Combinations of various drugs are used in the treatment of vascular diseases. It is necessary to take into account the level of blood pressure, heart rate, the presence of arrhythmias in a particular patient.

Attention! Some drugs have a fairly broad spectrum of action, for example, beta-blockers, which cause an asthma attack, in addition to the ability to lower blood pressure.

Prescribing medications after a heart attack and stenting, the doctor tries to simultaneously achieve several goals:

• reducing inflammation near the focus of necrosis;
• protecting the heart tissue from the harmful effects of toxins and the environment;
• reducing the need for oxygen;
• reducing the load on the heart;
• thinning blood to prevent thrombosis;
• improving blood circulation in the body;
• nutrition and restoration of vascular tissue.

For retirees and low-income people, almost free medicines are available upon presentation of an official prescription. During the examination of the patient's blood and urine, pathological changes can be detected.

Patients recovering from myocardial infarction should be aware that taking medications takes a long time, and perhaps even a lifetime.

Important! With a heart attack, an increase in cholesterol levels is often observed, then it is recommended to take statins to prevent atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary vessels.

Hyperglycemia is very dangerous, as high blood sugar can reduce tissue sensitivity, which is why some diabetics suffer an attack on their legs. What remedies help to cope with complications of cardiac tissue necrosis?

In the drug therapy of myocardial necrosis, the following groups of drugs are used:

• statins (reduce cholesterol levels in the body);
• nitrates (with coronary heart disease well relieve spasm of the coronary vessels);
• anticoagulants (help to thin the blood);
• angioprotectors (protect the myocardium from ischemia, improve vascular trophism);
• antiarrhythmic drugs (normalize the rhythm of cardiac activity);
• thrombolytics (accelerate the dissolution of blood clots);
• antihypertensive drugs (fight high blood pressure);
• beta-blockers (reduce the load on the heart).

To accelerate tissue regeneration, increase the elasticity and tone of blood vessels, as well as to improve the functioning of the immune system and resistance to infections, the doctor may prescribe vitamin complexes. When treating a heart attack, first aid is the use of analgesics to relieve acute pain.

After myocardial infarction, the main goal of doctors is to prescribe such therapy to the patient in order to reduce the risk of complications and re-infarction

Important! After a stroke and heart attack, many people complain of migraines, dizziness, and decreased performance. In such cases, they are prescribed pain relievers, antispasmodics, adaptogens and sedatives to combat anxiety after an attack.

What drugs for a heart attack are most popular

For the prevention of a second heart attack, with the help of doctors, a special technique is created, which involves improving the quality of blood and preventing the formation of new blood clots. Regardless of the individual approach to each patient, there are a number of drugs that help almost everyone and are widely used to treat most people affected by acute coronary artery disease.

To thin the blood and prevent blood clots, the following are used:

• Acetylsalicylic acid ("Aspirin"). It is actively used in the treatment of stroke and cerebral infarction. In addition to its antipyretic effect, this drug prevents hypercoagulation. The medicine improves blood circulation in a large and small circle, helps to cope with intoxication syndrome. Regular use of this drug improves the patency of the coronary vessels and blood flow to the myocardium.

The drug thins the blood and facilitates its movement through the blood system of the body

Unfortunately, in addition to direct damage to the coronary vessels, a number of other unfavorable changes occur with extensive infarction. People who have even an insignificant focus of necrosis in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart muscle periodically complain of pressing sensations in the chest, numbness of the limbs and surges in blood pressure.

What medications are best for symptomatic treatment:

• Sedatives. Stress in the development of a heart attack plays a very important role, it can be very harmful for myocardial necrosis. Mild herbal preparations, such as extracts of valerian and motherwort, as well as the amino acid glycine, help to improve the patient's mental state, improve the functioning of his nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Such drugs are used in the presence of tachycardia and concurrent absence of heart failure

• Beta-blockers. Effective in tachycardia and in the treatment of arterial hypertension in the absence of diseases of the respiratory system. These include popular drugs: "Anaprilin", "Atenolol", "Bisoprolol" and others. They help to stop the unpleasant symptoms that cause a heart attack: hypertension, increased heart rate, agitation, which can provoke a second attack. They also reduce the load on the myocardium and the need for oxygen.
• Statins ("Lovastatin", "Simvastatin"). These drugs are often used in the treatment of strokes and heart attacks. The studies carried out have proven the significant role of cholesterol in the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Plaque-preventing statins help improve coronary blood flow. High blood pressure in combination with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques creates an excessive load on the myocardium and coronary vessels.

Pain with a heart attack during the formation of a necrosis focus can be stopped only with narcotic analgesics. The use of nitroglycerin, which relieves spasm of the coronary vessels, will help to improve the patient's condition. Migraines, as frequent companions of patients with vascular ailments, can be relieved with conventional pain relievers.

Attention! You should be careful with their use after anticoagulants or drugs that perform thrombolysis. Strengthening of action is possible.

What pills help you recover faster after a heart attack

The use of vitamin complexes, proper nutrition, medication improvement of metabolism are important components of effective therapy. A person who has suffered from a heart attack earlier can bring themselves to a nervous breakdown in anxiety for their own health.

Often people after a heart attack are prescribed these drugs for a long time, as they prevent heart attacks.

The list of additional drugs to relieve the effects of stroke and heart attack includes:

1. Antihypoxants. They cause a decrease in tissue oxygen demand, but at the same time they activate metabolic processes in the body. "Actovegin", "Hypoxen", "Cytochrome C" help to improve the functioning of the circulatory system under conditions of hypoxia.
2. Antioxidants Promotes the utilization of free radicals, which, when in excess, damage healthy tissues. The antioxidants used improve the regeneration processes (Ubiquinone, Emoxipin).
3. Vitamin complexes. With myocardial infarction, it is very important to eat right, as harmful substances, such as alcohol, can lead to intoxication of the body. A significant positive effect is exerted by vitamins A, C, E, as well as group B, which have a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system.

Those who underwent stenting after a blockage of the coronary vessels should carefully monitor their condition, since any surgical intervention is a serious stress for the body. Many patients have contraindications to pill treatment. Since ancient times, pharmacology has studied the healing properties of plants.

Plants useful after myocardial infarction include:

• garlic (activates the body's immune defenses, prevents blood clots);
• wheat germ (contains many nutrients and useful trace elements);
• valerian (the sedative properties of this plant have been known since ancient times);
• hawthorn and motherwort (normalize heart function).

With the help of herbs, you can prepare free drugs that act very mildly and practically do not cause side effects. The herbal decoctions and juices used, which contain honey, cranberries, currants and lemon, help to improve the functioning of the immune system, cleanse the body of toxins and give a boost of vivacity for the whole day.

Be the first to comment!

- Popular -

- Take the test -

Take the test and find out the likelihood of a stroke.

What drugs are usually prescribed to treat patients after myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction is an acute and extremely dangerous disease of the cardiovascular system. The cause of this disease is insufficient blood supply to the myocardial tissues.

Under certain conditions (for example, unhealthy diet, smoking, hereditary factors), atherosclerotic plaques or blood clots form on the walls of the arteries that feed the heart muscle. As a result, the lumen of the vessels is greatly narrowed, myocardial cells receive less nutrients and oxygen.

About taking medication

Our body begins to give alarming "bells", which are expressed in pain symptoms in the heart. This is how coronary artery disease or ischemic heart disease develops. If measures are not taken in a timely manner and treatment is not started, foci of necrosis may occur in the tissues of the myocardium. It is this condition that is commonly called myocardial infarction.

And after the relief of the acute condition, the patient needs further long-term and systematic treatment. Most likely, the patient will have to completely reconsider their lifestyle and take certain medications for many years.

Medical treatment after myocardial infarction should be prescribed strictly by a cardiologist, usually a specialist prescribes drugs of several groups.

Statins

Statins fight the main cause of insufficient blood supply - cholesterol plaques. Medicines from this group break down cholesterol in the liver and remove it from the body, and also help maintain blood cholesterol levels at an acceptable level. In addition, statins relieve inflammation in the blood vessels.

Statins include the following drugs:

• Simvastatin (active ingredient - simvastatin), dosage 10, 20, 40 mg, cost within rubles
• Vasilip (simvastatin), packaging 10, 20, 40 mg, cost interval rubles
• Simgal (simvastatin), dosage 10, 20, 40 mg, purchase will cost RUB
• Simlo (simvastatin), packaging 10, 20, 40 mg, can be bought at the pharmacy
• Cardiostatin (lovastatin), dosage 20, 40 mg, cost within rubles
• Lipostat (pravastatin), packaging 10, 20 mg, the purchase will cost only RUB
• Lescol Forte (2nd generation drug, active ingredient - fluvastatin), dosage 80 mg, cost about 2500 rubles
• Tulip (3rd generation drug, active ingredient - atorvastatin), packaging 10, 20, 40 mg, price range of rubles
• Liptonorm (3rd generation, based on atorvastatin), dosage 20 mg, can be bought at a pharmacy in Russia
• Torvacard (3rd generation, based on atorvastatin), packaging 10, 40 mg, cost within rubles
• Atoris (3rd generation, based on atorvastatin), dosage 10, 20, 30, 40 mg, cost interval rubles
• Crestor (4th generation drug, active ingredient - rosuvastatin), packaging 5, 10, 20, 40 mg, purchase will cost in rubles
• Rosulip (4th generation, active substance - rosuvastatin), dosage 10, 20 mg, cost interval rubles
• Tevastor (4th generation, based on rosuvastatin), packaging 5, 10, 20 mg, cost within rubles
• Livazo (4th generation, based on rosuvastatin), dosage 1, 2, 4 mg, cost about 2500 rubles

Before taking statins, blood cholesterol levels are determined. With its high content, the doctor prescribes a mandatory diet aimed at limiting foods containing an increased amount of cholesterol.

Usually statins are taken once a day before bed for a long time, often for life.

Contraindications to the appointment of statins are individual intolerance, pregnancy and liver disease in the active stage.

Side effects are rare. Among them: allergic reactions, dizziness, weakness, peripheral edema, nausea, stool disturbance, tachycardia, increased or decreased blood pressure, joint and muscle pain, sweating.

Nitro preparations

Nitro drugs relieve pain in angina pectoris. Nitroglycerin is a first aid remedy for chest pain. Also nitro drugs dilate blood vessels and stabilize blood pressure.

• Nitroglycerin (active substance nitroglycerin). Dosage forms can be different: tablets for oral administration, under the tongue, ointments, a patch on the skin or on the gums. There are many drugs - analogues: trinitrolong, sustak, nitro mac retard, nitro pol, nitro ointment and others. The cost of these drugs varies greatly from 15 rubles and more.
• Isoket, kardiket, isomac (active ingredient isosorbide dinitrate)
• Mono poppy, cardix mono, olicard, monocinque, efoks (active substance isosorbide mononitrate)

Accept nitro drugs for relief and prevention of pain in angina pectoris.

Side effects: dizziness, drop in blood pressure, headache, increased heart rate, weakness, addiction to drugs of this group often develops, as a result of which their effect decreases, and withdrawal syndrome occurs.

Beta blockers

Often, patients with heart failure develop an increased heart rate - tachycardia. Beta-blockers normalize heart rate, lower blood pressure. This reduces the stress on the heart muscle.

The 1st generation beta blockers include:

• Anaprilin, noloten, propamine (active ingredient proprapnolol)
• Sandinorm (Bopindolol)
• Korgard (nadolol)

2nd generation beta blockers:

• Atenobene, tenolol (active ingredient atenolol)
• Glaox, lokren (betaxolol)
• Nebilet, binelol (nebivolol)
• Betaloc, vazocardin (metaprolol)
• Cordanum (talinolol).

3rd generation beta blockers:

• Recardium, acridilol (active substance carvedilol)
• Celipres (celiprolol).

Contraindications to admission are: low blood pressure, bronchial asthma, bradycardia, various vascular pathologies.

Side effects: peripheral vascular spasm, weakness, bronchospasm, headache, dizziness, allergic reactions, withdrawal syndrome.

Antiplatelet agents

Antiplatelet agents are directed against another cause of myocardial infarction - blood clots. This group of drugs thinns the blood, prevents its clotting.

• Aspirin cardio (acetylsalicylic acid). Dosage -100 mg, cost of rubles
• Doxychem (calcium dobesylate). Packaged kg, can be bought at a pharmacy for 240 rubles
• Cardiomagnet (acetylsalicylic acid + magnesium hydroxide). Dosage 150 mg, price - 300 rubles

Contraindications: high risk of bleeding, hemorrhagic diathesis, liver failure.

Side effects: erosion and stomach ulcers, bleeding, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.

ACE inhibitors

Medicines from this group lower blood pressure and maintain normal blood vessels. The group is very large. It includes:

• Enalapril (enam, enap, renitek)
• Captopril (kapoten, angiopril)
• Perindopril (perineva, prestarium)
• Ramipril (dilaprel, amprilan)
• Benazepril (lotenzin).

Prices also vary widely depending on the manufacturer.

Contraindications: stenosis of the aorta or renal artery, hyperkalemia.

Side effects: suppression of the function of hematopoiesis, nausea, vomiting, dry cough.

ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)

Drugs in this group normalize blood pressure, and also stop or even reduce hypertrophy of the heart muscle. Main names:

• Losartan (vazotens, kosaar, renicard)
• Valsartan (Valsacor, Valaar, Tareg)
• Candesartan (candecor, angiakand)
• Olmesartan (cardosal).

Contraindications: aortic or renal artery stenosis, hyperkalemia

Side effects: oppression of the function of hematopoiesis, nausea, vomiting.

In addition to all of the above groups of drugs, after myocardial infarction, drugs from other groups aimed at symptomatic treatment can also be prescribed. These drugs include antihypertensive, diuretics, which are necessary to normalize blood pressure. The doctor may also prescribe antihypoxants, which improve oxygen delivery to the heart muscle.

How to behave correctly

During treatment after a myocardial infarction, the patient must follow a diet, avoid physical exertion and stress.

It is imperative to stop smoking and alcohol. Doctors often recommend a spa treatment.

The recovery period after such a serious illness is long.

It is necessary to completely revise the lifestyle, not overwork, not worry, constantly monitor blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. Sometimes you have to give up work completely.

To maintain the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, the patient will have to take certain medications for a very long time, possibly a lifetime. Specific drugs, dosage and course of treatment should be prescribed only by the attending physician, self-medication in this case is unacceptable.

Rehabilitation after a heart attack

In this article, we will discuss general tips that apply to most people who have had myocardial infarction (heart attack). We will mainly discuss ways to reduce the risk of developing another myocardial infarction (MI) or developing further heart problems. All recommendations are based on long-term medical research. And to follow the recommendations or not, it is the will of the person himself. He wants to have less risks - he observes, does not want to revise his lifestyle - he takes risks.

What is myocardial infarction?

This part of the heart muscle risks dying if the blockage is not removed quickly enough. When the heart muscle is damaged, the condition is called a heart attack. The term myocardial infarction (MI) refers to damage to the heart muscle.

MI is usually caused by a blood clot in a coronary (heart) artery that forms as a result of fatty deposits on the walls of blood vessels.

What can be done to avoid another heart attack?

After suffering a heart attack, there are things you can do to lower your risk of further heart problems. All people are different and individual circumstances will change. You should discuss with your doctor what is best for you. In any case, the postponed MI shows a person's tendency to heart problems, so it is worth worrying about reducing the risks of new heart attacks, since each subsequent attack can be fatal.

Smoking

If you smoke, quitting smoking is the single most effective way to reduce your risk of a new MI. The chemicals in cigarette smoke affect the arteries. If you quit smoking, your risk of further heart attack is roughly halved compared to your risk if you continue to smoke. Smokers also have a high tendency to develop sore throat, which, together with a weak heart, can also significantly shorten life expectancy. If you find it difficult to quit smoking, then seek help from your doctor. They can help and advise on the use of nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine chewing gum, etc.) or other treatments that can help you quit smoking.

Diet

Diet changes can make a big difference. Research shows that people who eat a healthy diet can cut their chances of developing a new heart attack in half compared to those who eat as they have to.

A good tip is this:

• Eat at least five servings of different fruits and vegetables every day. They are rich in vitamins and minerals. Fruits and vegetables can be fresh, frozen, or dried.

Mediterranean diet

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is involved in the formation of fatty plaques. The principles of healthy eating described above will help lower your cholesterol levels. In addition, most people who have had myocardial infarction are advised to take statins, drugs to lower cholesterol levels. Statins work to reduce the amount of cholesterol that is produced in the liver. In general, the lower your cholesterol level, the better.

Alcohol

Some research suggests that drinking small amounts of alcohol can be beneficial for the heart. The exact amount is not known, but it is a small amount. However, exceeding the recommended upper limits can be harmful. That is: people should drink no more than 1250 grams of alcohol per week, and no more than 200 grams in one day, and have at least two completely alcohol-free days a week. And let me remind you that this is wine. For women, the dose is reduced by 2 times. Pregnant women and women trying to get pregnant should not drink alcohol at all. Unfortunately, our drinking culture is somewhat distorted. This issue is worth reconsidering.

Physical activity and exercise

Normal physical activity and regular exercise are recommended for most people who have had MI. You should try to be physically active - for example, walking up the stairs when possible, shopping, and washing your car. In the past, people thought exercise was “heart-stressing” and was bad. However, for most people who have had MI, the opposite is true. Physical activity and regular exercise are good for the heart. In fact, regular exercise is one of the top rehabilitation programs that are popular after MI (as discussed below).

Regular exercise is one of the main ways to reduce the risk associated with recurrent myocardial infarction. However, before starting regular exercise, discuss this with your doctor. This is because physical activity in certain situations cannot be recommended. For example, some people with heart valve problems may not be able to exercise. But such people are an exception.

For most people who have had MI, exercise is beneficial. After THEM, it is better to build your level of activity gradually. For the first week or so, try walking a short distance every day. Everyone is different and the length of the walk depends on how it suits you. For some people, in the first place it may be just a walk to the end of the garden and back, for others, a walk to the end of the road, and for others a little further.

After that, you can gradually increase the distance for your walking time. A reasonable goal about six weeks after having a myocardial infarction is to strive to walk for minutes every day. However, the amount of exercise that some people can do will be limited by other possible medical problems. For example, some people develop sore throat, which can limit the amount of exercise that can be done.

Blood pressure

It is important to check your blood pressure regularly. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Normal blood pressure should be less than 140/90 mmHg. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, the goal is usually to lower blood pressure in those who have had an MI to below 130/80 mmHg. This figure can change depending on whether you have other problems. For example, kidney disease. Lifestyle factors can help lower blood pressure, such as a healthy diet, exercise, weight loss, if you are overweight, limiting salt intake.

Diabetes

Medicines used after myocardial infarction

In short, the following four medicines are often prescribed:

• Aspirin. This drug is used to thin the blood, which reduces the risk of blood clots. Alternatives to aspirin include drugs such as clopidogrel or ticagrelor. These drugs also help prevent blood clots from forming. They are usually used by those unable to take aspirin.

Return to normal life

After having experienced a myocardial infarction, it is natural to wonder if there are pros and cons. They used to give advice (but bad) to "rest and calm down now" which caused some people to become more concerned with their hearts. Some people quit their jobs, got rid of their pets, and stopped any activity that would involve physical exertion for fear of straining their hearts. However, the opposite is true for most people who have had MI. Regular exercise and getting your life back on track tend to be successful.

Work issues

After MI, most people can return to work within 2-3 months. Nevertheless, for each person, this moment will happen in its own way. For example, some people who have had a minor MI and feel good will return earlier. On the other hand, some people with ongoing symptoms or complications such as sore throat or heart failure may return to work later or may not be able to return to work at all.

Some people have misconceptions about working after myocardial infarction. For example, some people mistakenly believe that work-related stress was the cause of their MI, and they need to reconsider some of their attitudes toward work. However, increased activity is often preferable after MI, rather than devil-may-care perception of work. Some people think that physical work will be excluded. Again, this usually does not happen, provided that you feel normal. Indeed, physical jobs are often better for the heart than office jobs. For many people, getting back to work is an important part of restoring quality of life. A possible sane approach is:

• Talk with your doctor about when you should return to work.
• Then a gradual return may be better if your employer agrees.
  For example:
• Start with the half day alternative, and work your way back to normal within 2-3 weeks.
• Start with light or less difficult chores first.
• Include additional rest periods if fatigue occurs.

Understandably, some people consider early retirement after the next MI to be an approved event. However, it is very important that you make this decision for the right reasons, and not based on fear or misconceptions about your heart.

Stress, anxiety and relaxation

However, anxiety can make you feel bad. Some people have unfounded fears and misconceptions about MI that can trigger symptoms of anxiety. Don't be afraid to talk to your doctor if you have doubts about your health.

Some other common points

• Tell your doctor if you experience angina. Angina pectoris is chest pain that comes on while playing sports, such as walking. This is due to narrowing of the coronary arteries. Further treatment may be needed.

Some thoughts to remember:

• Most people who have experienced myocardial infarction have fully recovered.

Finoptin

Synonyms. Verapamil; Isoptin.

Directory of medicines bradycardia Verapamil dizziness Isoptin myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock general weakness angina tachycardia extrasystole

Tiklid

Dosage forms. Tiklid - a synthetic drug. Available in tablets in a package of 30 pieces.

Myocardial infarction

Many human lives have been interrupted heart attack... This formidable disease can overtake a person at a time of excitement, when, as the saying goes, "brought to a heart attack", or during physical overstrain. More often, a heart attack develops in the morning during the transition from night rest to daytime activity, but it also happens that it affects the heart for no apparent reason, even in sleep.

In acute myocardial infarction, only about fifty percent of patients can be brought alive to the hospital. Although the quality of ambulance services is not the same in many countries, these sad statistics are practically the same everywhere. Of those patients who managed to be taken to the hospital, another third do not live to be discharged due to severe complications.

But what is a heart attack and why does it occur?

When the blood supply to the heart muscle deteriorates, so-called coronary artery disease occurs. Every second man and every third woman suffer from it. When the blood supply to an area of \u200b\u200bthe heart muscle is completely cut off for any reason, coronary artery disease becomes acute. In that area of \u200b\u200bthe myocardium, where blood does not flow for more than fifteen to twenty minutes, heart cells undergo death (necrosis). This area of \u200b\u200bdead cells is called myocardial infarction .

Acute myocardial infarction - an acute disease caused by the development of foci of necrosis in the heart muscle as a result of a violation of its blood supply, which occurs as a result of coronary artery thrombosis or its sharp narrowing by atherosclerotic and plaque.

In the event that necrosis captures a large area of \u200b\u200bthe heart muscle along its surface and spreads in depth, the infarction is called large-focal, if the volume of necrosis is not very large, small-focal. Of course, the most dangerous are large-focal heart attacks, especially when localized on the anterior wall of the ventricles of the heart. When a heart attack heals, a scar remains in its place - a scar. Since the heart muscle does not heal from damage, the scar remains on the heart for the rest of its life.

Causes myocardial infarction

The most important cause of coronary artery disease and heart attack is atherosclerosis... that is, narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels due to the fact that cholesterol and other lipids contained in the blood are deposited in them. In those places of the vascular wall where lipids form the largest accumulations, atherosclerotic plaques... growing into the vessel wall. Over time, calcium is deposited in the plaques, which makes them hard. While the plaque has not yet hardened, it is very fragile and can easily crack. Damage to the plaque in the artery of the heart can cause various causes, even increased blood pressure and heart palpitations that occur during exercise. When a plaque ruptures, the integrity of the vessel wall is compromised at that location. The body always closes the damaged vessel wall with blood clots (thrombi). In the event of damage to a vessel of the heart, the blood coagulation system also turns on, and a blood clot grows around the crack quickly, like a snowball rolling down a mountain. It can expand and clog an artery. Then the blood flow in it stops, and the surrounding heart muscle cells die. As a result of their necrosis, myocardial infarction occurs. Its size depends on how large the area was fed by the artery, or, as they say, on the size of its basin.

Factors predisposing to the development of a heart attack

A heart attack is more likely to affect men than women. True, this applies only to young women who have not yet survived menopause, whose vessels protect estrogen and other sex hormones. Those women who are "over fifty" get heart attacks even more often than men. In recent years, there has been an alarming tendency to "rejuvenate" myocardial infarction, and often in cardiology departments you can find heart attackers a little over thirty years old. There are various risk factors for heart attack to be aware of.

An important role in the predisposition to heart attack is played by heredity... If a heart attack, cerebral stroke, ischemic heart disease have been registered by at least one of your direct relatives, and especially at the age of 55, then this is a reason for you to be wary. Since coronary heart disease is widespread, as already mentioned, very widespread, everyone is advised to be on the alert.

If the blood level is increased cholesterol content - more than 5 mmol / l or more than 200 mg / dl, - the risk of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaques increases.

Smoking is one of the main risk factors, as it has an extremely adverse effect on the blood vessels.

Sedentary lifestyle and its frequent companion - excess weight has a bad effect on the activity of the heart muscle.

Arterial pressure more than 140/90 mm Hg can provoke rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque.

Diabetes severely damages blood vessels, including the heart, making the myocardium vulnerable to a heart attack.

It is believed that male pattern baldness also indicates the possibility of developing a heart attack, since it is caused by an increased level of male hormones - androgens, and hormonal instability provokes a rise in blood pressure and an increase in cholesterol concentration in the blood.

Doctors warn that a combination of several risk factors increases the likelihood of myocardial infarction exponentially. How does it start?

Symptoms and diagnosis of myocardial infarction

Signs of myocardial infarction there are different, but the first warning sign of a heart attack is severe, sometimes unbearable pain behind the sternum, which cannot be relieved with three nitroglycerin tablets, placed under the tongue one after the other with an interval of five minutes. It occurs at rest, in contrast to angina pain, which occurs during exercise. The pain can be pressing, burning, or squeezing, and it often radiates to the arm, back, shoulder, neck, or jaw. This pain should never be tolerated. To get into the fifty percent group of survivors on the way to the hospital, immediately call an ambulance.

Symptoms of a heart attack can include loss of consciousness, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, shortness of breath, or heart failure. But in some cases, the patient may not even feel that he has a heart attack. The painless form of heart attack is most often found in patients with diabetes mellitus. No matter how manifested a heart attack, it can be reliably diagnosed by an electrocardiogram. The area of \u200b\u200bdamage and changes in the structure of the heart muscle is better determined using echocardiography, or ultrasound of the heart. Sometimes the doctor prescribes scintigraphy - a radioisotope study of the heart muscle, which allows you to accurately determine the localization of ischemia in the myocardium.

Myocardial infarction treatment

Time is of the essence for heart pain. First aid for myocardial infarction must be rendered as quickly as possible. If the attack lasts no more than half an hour, the consequences will be minimal. It is necessary to put Nitroglycerin under the tongue until the tablet is completely absorbed. It relieves a painful attack within 3-5 minutes. If not, take a second pill. In cases where nitroglycerin does not give an effect within 10 minutes, all hope is for an ambulance.

Ambulance for myocardial infarction... If you suspect a heart attack, the patient must be urgently taken to the hospital and placed in the intensive care unit as soon as possible. The first few hours after a heart attack is a precious time for treatment, when it is still possible to dissolve the newly formed blood clot with special drugs and improve the blood supply to the heart. To reduce the risk of complications and prevent new blood clots from forming, medications are prescribed that slow down blood clotting. A proven and reliable remedy is aspirin, aka acetylsalicylic acid.

Often the patient is prescribed beta-blockers of adrenergic receptors, which do not give the "stress hormone" - adrenaline, to increase the heart rate, which means they protect it from overload, which is vitally important in case of a heart attack, and help to save the heart muscle cells from death.

Recently, non-drug methods of treating heart attack have been increasingly used, the use of which improves the impaired blood supply. For example, coronary balloon angioplasty will help if medications are ineffective. A balloon is inserted through the femoral vein into the vessels of the heart. By inflating it, a dangerously narrowed vessel can be widened. In more complicated cases, coronary artery bypass grafting is indicated.

In the first few days after a heart attack, strict bed rest is required to minimize the stress on the damaged heart. Nowadays it is not necessary to lie in bed for several weeks, as was previously thought necessary. The patient adheres to bed rest for at least three days, then gradually, as he is allowed to sit, get up and walk, he begins the path to recovery and literally takes the first steps in a new life after a heart attack.

Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction

Everyone who has suffered a heart attack is concerned about whether they will be able to return to a full life after myocardial infarction... There is no single answer to this question, because all people have different ideas about a fulfilling life, and everyone's heart attack heals in its own way. If a heavyweight weightlifter and a programmer suffer a heart attack of the same severity, but, most likely, the former is unlikely to return to the platform, and the latter will be able to do what he loves.

The body's recovery after a heart attack is a long-term process that lasts for months. This is the most appropriate period in order to comprehensively consider your previous lifestyle and make adjustments to it. Already in the hospital, in parallel with taking medications and physiotherapy procedures, they are also engaged in physical exercises, but their intensity should be increased gradually and very carefully, the fight for records is inappropriate here! Physical activity begins with physical therapy, then you need to train by walking on a flat surface, then it is the turn of the most popular and very effective simulator - an ordinary ladder. With its help, you can determine whether the patient is ready for an active life. If he is able to climb to the fourth floor without shortness of breath and chest pain, rehabilitation is successful. There are also more accurate tests, for example, a test with a dosed load, which is carried out on special simulators - on a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer.

After a heart attack, the patient takes many medications. How long does it take to continue taking? Undoubtedly, all my life. Only with their help can you ensure good heart function and good health.

Many are worried about the question of whether it is possible to have sex after a heart attack, but they do not always dare to ask the attending physician. Ask him about it without false shame! Only he will be able to objectively assess your physical condition and decide whether you can handle this load. If you are already strong enough, you must take the necessary precautions to ensure that sexual intercourse brings you joy and not another heart attack. It is optimal if you are in a familiar environment with a familiar partner. The position should be such as to minimize the load - on the side or on the back.

Prevention of heart attack

It is possible to prevent a heart attack by acting on risk factors. It is possible to minimize any of them, with the exception of gender and heredity.

It is necessary to normalize blood pressure and monitor it especially closely under unfavorable conditions, for example, in the heat and during the period of geomagnetic disturbances.

To prevent diabetes, you need to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Increase physical activity! Daily walks of at least 5-6 kilometers are required.

It is imperative to quit smoking, this risk factor can nullify all efforts.

It is also important to lose weight. How many extra pounds are in your pounds? This can be calculated by determining the body mass index (BMI). Square your height in meters and divide your weight in kilograms by that. Normal BMI does not exceed 26.

In order not to gain excess weight and preserve blood vessels, you need to eat as little food containing animal fats and cholesterol as possible, and as many vegetables and fruits as possible. Replace pork with white poultry meat, butter - sunflower or olive, bacon - unsalted fish. Such a diet will have a beneficial effect not only on cholesterol levels, but also on your wallet.

home treatment of heart attack

The myocardium is the heart muscle. The arteries, called coronary arteries, carry blood to it. If any of these arteries is blocked by a blood clot - a thrombus, then the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart that it feeds is left without blood supply, which means, without oxygen. Myocardial cells can live only 20-30 minutes on starvation rations. Then they die - this is a heart attack, a site of necrosis in the heart tissue. A scar remains on the affected area.

Recently, myocardial infarction is rapidly "younger". Nowadays it is not uncommon when it strikes people who have barely crossed the thirty-year threshold. True, in women under 50 years of age, a heart attack is very rare. Until this point, their vessels are protected from atherosclerosis by estrogens and other sex hormones. But with the onset of menopause, women, on the contrary, get sick more often than men.

Myocardial infarction treatment

In order not to risk, at the slightest suspicion of a heart attack, doctors send a person to the intensive care unit of the hospital. And the faster the better. Indeed, only during the first few hours, by introducing special drugs, it is possible to dissolve a "fresh" thrombus and restore blood flow in the coronary artery. Then you should prevent the formation of new blood clots. For this, drugs are used that slow down blood clotting. One of the most reliable remedies is acetylsalicylic acid, that is, ordinary aspirin. It reduces the number of complications and prolongs the life of people who have had a heart attack.

Beta blockers are often used in treatment. These drugs reduce myocardial oxygen demand, which means they save heart muscle cells from death and reduce the size of necrosis. At the same time, they make the work of the heart more economical, which is very important in case of a heart attack. In recent years, not only medicines have been used to treat heart attacks. In particular, the so-called invasive methods include coronary balloon angioplasty. Angioplasty is indicated when drug therapy is ineffective. In another case, the cardiac surgeon may suggest coronary artery bypass grafting.

In the early days, strict bed rest is required. At this time, the damaged heart may not be able to withstand even minimal stress. Previously, a person who had a heart attack did not get out of bed for several weeks. Today the period of bed rest has been significantly reduced. But still, at least three days after a heart attack, you must lie in bed under the supervision of doctors. Then he is allowed to sit, get up later, walk ... He begins to recover, adapt to a new, "post-infarction" life.

Correct action during an attack of myocardial infarction, as well as adequate treatment after it, significantly increase the patient's chances of recovery. Every person who is diagnosed should know the rules of behavior in such a situation. Timely assistance from medical workers is important here, as well as inpatient treatment. At the hospital, the doctor will prescribe a number of medications for the treatment of myocardial infarction. They will have a complex effect on the patient. The features of the treatment of a heart attack will be discussed further.

Description of pathology

Certain heart conditions cause an attack. As a result, there is an acute deficiency of blood supply. Local tissue necrosis develops in the heart muscle.

The onset of an attack is usually sudden. It is accompanied by prolonged painful sensations (at least 40 minutes) behind the chest. When taking a dose of nitroglycerin, the discomfort does not stop. In this case, the person urgently needs medical assistance. Moreover, others must perform a series of actions before the arrival of an ambulance. The main symptoms of an attack, in addition to pain, are weakness, severe anxiety, nausea, and cold clammy sweat. Rare symptoms are abdominal pain, shortness of breath, and choking.

After the ambulance is called, you need to perform several necessary tricks. The person is laid on his back in such a way that he is comfortable. It is necessary that the patient's body is in a semi-sitting position. It often hurts to lie flat on your back in this state. The windows are opened in the room. Remove tie, belt and other constricting items. The patient should sit quietly, it is impossible to panic.

Today there are enough drugs for the treatment and myocardium used in clinics. Some of them should always be in the patient's medicine cabinet for emergencies.

Medicines for first aid

The person is given a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue and a sedative (for example, Corvalol, motherwort tincture, etc.). You need to measure the pressure. If it does not exceed 130/90 mm Hg. Art., nitroglycerin is given to the patient every 5 minutes. Before the arrival of an ambulance, you can give a person no more than 3 tablets. If after the first tablet there is a strong throbbing pain, the dose is reduced to ½ unit. When using a spray, its single dose is 0.4 mg.

If after the first intake of nitroglycerin blood pressure drops sharply, the drug is no longer taken.

You need to give a crushed aspirin tablet. The drug thins the blood. If the pulse does not exceed 70 beats per minute, the patient can be given a beta-blocker (for example, the drug "Atenol" at a dosage of 25-50 mg). A mustard plaster is applied to the area of \u200b\u200blocalization of pain. Care must be taken so that there is no burn.

Complications

It is important to use the appropriate medication for treatment during first aid. After a myocardial infarction, there is very little time to provide medical care. Therefore, people with a predisposition to developing an attack should know the exact actions in such a situation. If the patient suffers from bronchial asthma, beta-blockers are not taken (while the ambulance is traveling). Also, a person should not have blood diseases. Otherwise, aspirin is contraindicated. All actions that can be taken in the course of first aid, you need to consult with your doctor.

In some cases, complications may occur. Before the doctor arrives, the person may faint or cardiac arrest. If the patient has lost consciousness, he must be put on the floor. A roller is placed under the shoulders. The head should be thrown back. It is advisable to remove dentures from the patient's mouth, if any. When vomiting occurs, the person's head is turned to one side.

If, during the provision of first aid, the patient's heart stopped, artificial respiration should be performed. This procedure is combined with chest compressions. The number of pressures on the heart area is 75-80 times per minute. The frequency of inhalation of air into the mouth or nose should be 2 times every 30 chest compressions.

Inpatient treatment

After the arrival of an ambulance, doctors carry out a number of effects on the patient's body. Then he is taken to the hospital, where myocardial infarction is treated in a hospital. Drugs are the main component of the patient's rehabilitation technique. Delivery of the patient to a medical facility should be carried out within 30 minutes. If, due to certain circumstances, this is not possible, ambulance personnel administer thrombolytics to restore coronary blood flow. These drugs include "Purolaza", "Alteplaza" and similar formulations.

The patient is carried out of the house on a stretcher. While the ambulance is taking him to the hospital, the patient is ventilated with humidified oxygen. This reduces the stress on the heart, thus avoiding complications.

First of all, drugs are introduced to suppress the agitated state of the patient. For this, use a composition such as Talomonal or a mixture of Fentanyl and Droperidol.

Then an attack of acute pain is stopped. This procedure is performed by the ambulance team as well as the hospital's medical staff. Can be used "Analgin" or narcotic drugs, such as morphine and the like. These drugs are combined with "Atropine" and antihistamines such as diphenhydramine. To accelerate the effect, drugs are administered intravenously. In addition, sedatives are prescribed "Relanium", "Seduxen".

Different groups of drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction in the hospital are prescribed after a thorough examination of the patient. An electrocardiogram is performed. For some, long-term hospitalization is recommended to reduce the affected lesion. In this case, thrombolytic therapy may be required to normalize coronary blood flow.

Statins

As a rule, the groups of drugs prescribed in the hospital for the treatment of myocardial infarction are selected taking into account the individual condition of the patient. They have a complex effect on the body, allowing you to overcome an attack. Correctly selected means do not allow its development in the future. The main groups of drugs that are used in the treatment of the disease are as follows:

• statins;
• aCE inhibitors, ARBs;
• beta blockers;
• nitro drugs;
• anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents.

In addition to drug treatment, supportive therapy is prescribed. It is prohibited to stop taking medications without your doctor's permission. Even if the patient is feeling well, such unauthorized actions are unacceptable.

Today, many medicines have been developed to maintain the body, which are offered by modern pharmacology. Drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction are divided into groups, of which statins are mandatory. They control the level of cholesterol in the body. The metabolism of this substance is accelerated when statins are taken. This process takes place in the liver.

The presented group of medicines does not allow excess cholesterol to enter the bloodstream. It ceases to settle on the walls of blood vessels. This allows you to maintain an adequate level of blood supply to the heart muscle. Without taking statins, it will not be possible to restore its correct work. Statins include:

• "Simgal".
• "Simvastatin".
• Simol.
• "Zokor".
• "Vasilip".

The dosage is prescribed by the doctor depending on the patient's weight. It can vary from 10 to 80 mg. In addition to these drugs to normalize metabolic processes, the doctor may prescribe drugs based on lovastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin. The most popular are rosuvastatin-based drugs. These include "Tevastor", "Krestor", "Livazo" and others.

Beta blockers

Considering what drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction are used by modern medicine, one should pay attention to such a group of medicines as beta-blockers. They do not allow the receptors that are responsible for increasing blood pressure on the walls of blood vessels to be triggered. Otherwise, the frequency of myocardial contraction increases, the load on the muscle increases.

Beta blockers are divided into two subgroups. Their task is the same. Only the ways of achieving the goal differ. Such drugs as "Bisoprolol", "Atenolol", "Concor", etc. have a selective effect on receptors. The following drugs soften the effect of drugs that stimulate high blood pressure: "Nadolol", "Pindolol", "Sotalol" and others ...

Before prescribing such a drug, the doctor takes into account the characteristics of the patient's body. He must determine his age, blood pressure level, and a number of other parameters. The presented drugs allow you to stabilize the pressure in the vessels. The myocardium becomes less susceptible to toxins. The affected area, which was formed as a result of a heart attack, is reduced.

ARB inhibitors, ACE inhibitors

Considering the drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction by groups, it is necessary to distinguish ARB and ACE inhibitors. They are aimed at reducing the production of substances by the body that help to reduce the lumen of blood vessels. In complex treatment, such medications help to lower blood pressure. They reduce blood flow to the myocardium. The burden on the kidneys is also reduced.

ARB and ACE inhibitors have approximately the same effect. However, there are some differences as well. ACE inhibitors include drugs such as "Enap", "Lisinopril", "Captopril", etc. Medications are recommended to be taken before meals. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor individually for each patient. One of the ACE inhibitors is used once a day.

ARB inhibitors have a similar effect on the body. They act on specific receptors. In the vessels, they react to the presence of angiotensin. ARB inhibitors help maintain the normal lumen of the vascular bed. They do not taper, which helps maintain normal blood pressure levels. Also, the presented category of drugs does not allow the myocardial walls to grow. This reduces the risk of a second attack.

The pharmaceutical market offers many similar drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction. The names of the most famous ARB inhibitors are as follows: Atacand, Diovan, Angiakand, Losartan and others. The dosage is controlled by the physician during the patient's treatment. The patient should take similar drugs after discharge from the hospital.

Nitro preparations

Another group of drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction is used - nitro drugs. They are able to increase the amount of nitric oxide in the blood. This helps to relax the blood vessels. The flow of venous blood to the heart is reduced. Myocardial tension is reduced from this. This effect reduces pain.

Nitro drugs are used as an emergency aid in the development of an attack. With prolonged use, the presented group of medicines significantly reduces the risk of a heart attack. To treat the consequences of an attack, certain nitro preparations are used:

1. Trinitrolong. The plates with the substance are fixed on the gums. The drug is gradually released, providing long-term effects on the body.
2. "Sustonit". It is taken internally. Its dosage is quite large (prescribed by a doctor). The action is long enough.
3. "Sustak". Available in capsule form. They are washed down with water. Do not chew the drug.
4. "Nitrong". Long-lasting agent.
5. "Nitro-Mac". Performs the functions assigned to it for 8-10 hours.
6. "Sustabukkal". Lozenges. Long-term effect on the body.

The listed products are made on the basis of nitroglycerin. The excipients that are part of such medications give them a prolonged effect, which is important in the state after myocardial infarction. Drugs for the treatment of ailment based on nitroglycerin are used in combination with ointments ("Nitrol", "Myovin", etc.).

Anticoagulants

If the blood is too thick, it becomes more difficult for the heart to pump it. This leads to an increase in pressure. Oxygen deficiency also develops in the tissues. This reduces the likelihood of developing a heart attack again. Anticoagulants thin the blood and prevent clots from appearing in it.

One of these medicines is "Arixtra". The composition contains sodium fondaparinux and is actively used in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Medicines and doses are prescribed by the supervising physician. The presented drug is administered subcutaneously. Dosage is prescribed based on blood clotting parameters. It can be 2.5-10 mg.

For intravenous injections, "Heparin" is used. Similar drugs are "Gempaxan", "Eniksum", "Kleksan". They are made on the basis of low molecular weight heparin. Medicines of this class are prescribed at a dosage of 20 to 40 mg. The course lasts 1-5 weeks.

Pradaxa is available in capsule form. They are taken in 1-2 pieces. The tool can be taken for no more than a year. At the same time, blood clotting decreases markedly. Blood clots do not form during the therapeutic course. However, the doctor monitors the coagulogram indicators throughout the treatment.

Antiplatelet agents

Sometimes taking these medications is not enough. With prolonged exposure to blood clotting, drugs are prescribed for the treatment of myocardial infarction, such as antiplatelet agents, for example, Aspirin Cardio. It has a gentle effect on blood cells. This reduces the side effects when taking the drug. Modern antiplatelet agents are:

• "Brilinta". The first dose is 180 mg. These are 2 tablets. After that, this dose is divided into 2 doses.
• "Effient". A single starting dose is 60 mg. Then the drug is drunk daily at 10 m. The duration of the course is prescribed by the doctor.

Taking antiplatelet drugs also has certain limitations. Otherwise, the likelihood of bleeding increases. This must be taken into account during therapy. Medicines for the treatment of myocardial infarction are combined with diet. The patient must follow exactly the instructions of the doctor so that the attack does not recur again.

Having considered modern drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction, one can understand the features of therapy. Correct action will avoid relapse.