The adverb from the word beautiful. The study of parts of speech: what questions does an adverb in Russian answer and what does it mean

What is an adverb as a part of speech? What questions does the adverb answer? How does an adverb differ from other parts of speech? Examples of adverbs.

“The Russian language is great and mighty” - we all know about this from the blackboard. Perhaps that is why learning this great language is sometimes so difficult for us. What are all his parts of speech worth? This material will be devoted to one of them.

What is an adverb in Russian, what questions does an adverb answer?

The adverb is an independent part of the speech of the Russian language. In addition to the fact that this part of speech is considered independent, it is also unchangeable. Often, adverbs in a sentence are tied to a verb or participle, less often - to a noun, adjective or other adverb.

In Russian, adverbs can answer many questions, such as:

• Where? Where to?
• How? How?
• When? How long?
• How much?
• Why?
• What for? For what?

Depending on what questions the adverbs answer, they are divided into adverbial and determinative.

Adverb adverbs include:

• Adverbs of Time - When? How long? From what time? (long, constantly, long ago).
• Adverbs of Place - Where? Where to? Where from? (far, everywhere).
• Adverbs of Reason - Why? For what reason? (because, blindly).
• Target adverbs - Why? For what? (deliberately, mockery).

Definitive adverbs include:

• Adverbs of measure and degree - To what extent? How much? How many? (excessively, enough, very much).
• Adverbs of Mode and Mode of Action - How does the action take place? How? (spring-like, quiet).
• Qualitative adverbs - What are the properties or features of the action? (easy to run, cry quietly).

How is an adverb emphasized in a sentence?

• It is necessary to underline an adverb in a sentence based on its meaning. The fact is that sometimes an adverb can act as a definition, sometimes as a circumstance, and sometimes as a subject, predicate.
• If the adverb in the sentence serves as a circumstance, then it must be underlined with a dot with a dash - "After reading the letter, Anna Ivanovna sobbed NADRYVISTO."
• If an adverb in a sentence is an inconsistent definition, then it should be underlined with a wavy line - "breakfast IN ENGLISH" or "I WRONG the egg".
• If an adverb in a sentence acts as a predicate, it is underlined by two lines - "He is MARRIED."
• If an adverb in a sentence serves as a noun, it must be underlined with one straight line - "Our TODAY worries everyone."

How to identify an adverb: grammatical and morphological features of an adverb

1. The adverb has no gender.
2. The adverb has no number.
3. The adverb has no case.
4. The adverb is not inclined.
5. The adverb is not conjugated.
6. Adverbs have no endings.
7. Qualitative adverbs that end in -e or -o and are derived from qualitative adjectives have degrees of comparison.
8. Often, adverbs depend on verbs, adjectives or other adverbs and form phrases with them.
9. Adverbs are signs of action, signs, or other objects.
10. In a sentence, an adverb most often acts as a circumstance.

Does an adverb denote a sign of an action or an object?

Adverbs most often denote a sign of action or a sign of another sign, and only rarely - a sign of an object. Examples:

• A sign of action is to jump high, sleep is bad.
• The sign of another sign is absolutely absurd, so stupid.
• The sign of an item is living apart, stocks for future use.

What is the difference between an adverb and an adjective?

• An adverb is not a variable part of speech, but an adjective is a variable part.
• An adverb is a sign of an action, state, or other sign, and an adjective is only a sign of an object.
• Often in a sentence, an adverb acts as a circumstance, and an adjective acts only as a definition.
• The adverb is directly related to the action, and the adjective is directly related to the subject.
• Adverbs do not have gender, number, case, but adjectives do.
• An adjective in a sentence can easily be omitted, but an adverb cannot.

How do adverbs differ from other parts of speech?

• Adverbs differ from conjunctions in that adverbs are often tied to other parts of speech (verbs, other adverbs, participles, nouns or numbers), and conjunctions are just a link between homogeneous members offers, parts of an offer or several sentences.
• The difference between adverbs and prepositions is that the former do not introduce the case form of the name.
• Adverbs differ from particles in that they do not obey nouns with a preposition, preceding them.
• The adverb has no dependent and definable words (unlike nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns).
• An adverb can often be changed to another adverb that is similar in meaning.

What is an adverb: examples

In this subclause, we will consider examples of adverbs that display the degree of comparison of this part of speech:

• Simple comparative degree - obtained by adding the suffix -ee, -ee, -e, -che: bold - fatter, fatter; soft - softer; little - less.
• Composite comparative degree - obtained by strengthening adverbs with words more or less: funny - less funny; hard - harder.
• Composite excellent - formed by supplementing the original form of the adverb with the words of the most, least, or simple comparative degree - with the words of all, everything: scary - the most (least) scary; cooler - coolest of all (of all).

Adverb as part of speech: Video

Fusion and separate spelling of adverbs

List of fused adverbs

Close, sideways, wade, forever, up, above, in the evening, plenty, up, deep, far, far, far, twice, together, doubly, in addition, plenty, after, along, far away, to pieces, suddenly, into a splash, back, borrow, borrow, replace, locked up, for real, start, suck, pull, take it, finally, sideways, briefly, at random, hard boiled, together, to the left, fly in, together, instantly, rent, rent, stitch, overnight, overlaid, overlaid down, down, draw, again, again, inside, inside, forever, forever, in time, at all, with might and main, together, truly, around, in general, personally, back home, follow, for the first time, vaping, waddling, forcing, racing, forward, in front, interspersed, interspersed, intercepting, swimming, side by side, in an undertone, completely, half-turned, half-turned, in a hurry, just right (by measure), subsequently, in the dark, really, right, right, peeking, in a bite, jumping, squatting, half-staring, half-starved in a mess, in a wandering, however, really, in vain, at once, at random, at random, at random, waddled, at random, at random, counter, in a row, unawares, scattered, stretching, flush, apart, hand-to-hand, hardly, seriously, entirely, gallop, casually, soon, soon, to his heart's content, following, blindly, aloud, soft-boiled, continuous, old, dry, everywhere, secretly (to do in those. secretly; but: keep secret, i.e. in a secret), blindly, secretly, in a hurry, exorbitantly, three times, three, four, four, roughly, outright, outward, in breadth, inward, outward.

White, I will finish, to the top, until, red-hot, as far, as far as possible, to the bottom, until now, drunk, until now, dry, to my fill, to here, to ashes, until then, until here, clean.

For nothing, long ago, alive, in vain, dead, married, married, anew, at the same time, a fellow, at once, then, in the morning, often why.

From the outside, from time immemorial, from afar, from afar, from yellow, from the inside, from time to time, from time immemorial, sideways, sparkling, subtly, from under the brow, stealthily, from time immemorial, ispolu, bluish, from time immemorial.

Up, behind, down, in a row, by the way.

Nabekren, completely, sideways, forever, forever, probably, probably, for sure, upstairs, upstairs, tipsy, forever, supine, sobbing, hardly, forever, towards, overturned, protruding, protruding, out of the way, take out, out, out, out, at attention , tightly, bald, utterly, at the ready, in two, for a long time, alone, tomorrow, back, back, on the ground, out of spite, by heart (learn), at the ready, inside out, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, on the eve, finally, tightly, to the left, to the left, it is obvious, the other day, much, on the contrary, at random, backhand, flatly, first of all, in front of each other, at the ready, in advance, in the interception, at the same time, on the spot, in the hold, for show, half, at last, to the right, for example, for rent, all the way, ahead of time, recklessly, on the contrary, straight, on a par, wide open, singsong, snapped, out, along, by force, through, how, hastily, dry, down the drain, to death, hastily, wide open, at random, in a hurry, in the morning, completely, on the alert, clean, clean, awake, not far away unaware, by chance, unbearable, unbearable, inappropriate, wrong mouth, unbearable, not without reason (not without reason), shortly, there is no need, inappropriate, not for long, repeatedly, reluctance, not without reason.

The earth, the breakaway, by no means, from the origin (from the origin did not see, but: fifteen years old), from here, from here, because, from there, partly, why.

Closer, nearby, on the side, on top, on top, everywhere, even more, deservedly, cheaper, pick-up-good-health, for a long time, more, in a row, sometimes, cleaned up, the day before yesterday, behind, truly, meanwhile, little by little, little by little, in vain, by hearsay, involuntarily, little by little, from below, to this day, at a distance, one by one, alternately, in pairs, across, in half, in the afternoon, simply, in vain, equally, therefore (I got sick, therefore, I did not come, but: be according to this), because, the day after tomorrow, in the middle, in the middle, as far as dry, slowly, then, therefore, in the morning, how much, why, therefore.

From the side, over, from above, from above, in the heat of the moment, foolishly, now, from behind, to the left, too, from a young age, outside, first, from below, again, completely, blindly, first, in front, from the shoulder, early in the morning, to the right, awake, sleepy, simply drunk, straight away, headlong, when I was young, when I was young, again.

Immediately. Too.

List of adverbs and adverbial expressions with separate spelling

Unbeknownst, without request, without bluntness, without looking back, without refusal, without a gap, without waking up,

indiscriminately, without asking, in vain, without restraint, incessantly, tirelessly, side by side.

In the form, in the heads, in a curiosity, in addition, in conclusion, in the end, in the root, in gloss, in moderation, in mockery, in the legs, in the leg, in exchange, in an embrace, in barely enough, in tight girth, in general, fully armed, publicly, alone, in order to avoid, a hundredfold, openly, in revenge, in an armful, in dust, in contrast, in installments, at retail, in a row, in hearts, in a fold , after that, on time, in the old days, to the side, in line, in silence, in three deaths, in a dead end, at close range.

To the demand, to the gut, to the extreme, to the point of unrecognizability, to the point of failure, to failure, goodbye, until now, to death, until I drop.

Behind the eyes, abroad, abroad, after midnight, for peace, for what about what.

From abroad, from under the arm, from under the arms, from under the wrapper.

Just. Mal is small is less.

At random, on the run, on the side, forever and ever, forever, by weight, by weight, by sight, by sight, by a time, by choice, by eye, by eyes, by sin, by a miracle, the other day, at home, at home, on their hind legs, on envy, on the heels, on exhaustion, on weariness, on wear, on the run, on all fours, squatting., squatting, on the way, on the fly, in a manner, for a moment, on world, to no, on departure, perfectly well, to the touch, for memory, afloat, back down, on bail, on bail, on sight, on rare occasions, on hand, galloping, for glory, for laughter, for demolition, conscientiously, on guard, for slaughter, with a bang, on the go, well, on tiptoe, on tiptoe, on watch (on guard), on all fours,

on a step, out of spirits, out of credit, out of measure, not in measure, not for nothing (not free), not for good, not in haste, not to your taste, beyond your strength, too tough, not to your liking, not on the shoulder, not off, not off hand, not for a penny, not one iota, foot to foot.

One on one, young and old.

From time to time, close by, in the evening, downhill, at a cheap price, under the outcome, at the end, under the spoon, under the arms, under the arms, under the force, under the berth, matched, two by two, under the sly, under the bridle, downhill , at least in my gut, one at a time, in turn, mostly, conscientiously, the old fashioned way, three at a time, to myself.

From side to side, side to side, with the knowledge, in appearance, eye to eye, from the end, word for word, word for word, with a stroke, with a raid, with a swoop, from beginning to end, with all that, with a pantalyk go astray, with a run, with acceleration, in a big way, on the move, from hour to hour.

Hour by hour.

SAMPLE QUESTION

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.

1. (C) FOR many hours the hunter sat by the hole and did not hear that (WOULD) the fox grumbled or barked.

2. Anna Mikhailovna wrote to the front (ON) to the PREVIOUS address and (ON) was waiting for a letter (ON).

3. (B) SOON the sun completely disappeared behind a sharp ridge, and immediately (FROM) THERE a fan of bright red rays flew into the sky.

4. My companion (ON) STILL watched every bird with his eyes and (IN) SECRETLY considered the plan of our future hunt.

5. These places, familiar to the hunter only (BY) HEARING, (BY) THE RIGHT, can count on wide popularity.

ANSWER: soon from there

An adverb is an unchanging part of speech that denotes a sign of an action, sign or object: speaking indistinctly, completely incomprehensible, steps down.

The main grammatical feature of an adverb is its immutability, despite the fact that some adverbs arose from "frozen" forms of a noun or noun with the preposition ( in the evening, in the afternoon, on time, sutra, tomorrow and etc.). The adverb performs the syntactic function of the circumstance, less often it is part of a compound nominal predicate: Come early and It only got worse.

Due to the immutability, Russian dialects lose many forms, but, nevertheless, due to their formation from the adjective they acquire other forms. So, the degrees of comparison are inherent only in adverbs derived from qualitative adjectives ( fast, soft, beautiful and etc.). Comparative and superlative degrees of an adverb are formed similarly to the degrees of an adjective.

Despite their apparent simplicity, adverbs prepare the student for some surprises and even difficulties. For example, one should distinguish between homonymous forms of an adverb and an adjective (in a comparative degree). This can be done by relying on the meaning, syntactic function and connection of a word with other words. Try to "find" the adverb: The water is colder and Be colder.

In addition, adverbs are divided into significant and pronouns, depending on the meaning - the name of the feature or just an indication of it, respectively. Pronoun adverbs are differentiated like pronouns: demonstrative ( so, there, then), interrogative ( where, where, how, from where), undefined ( somewhere, somehow) and etc.

By meaning, Russian adverbs are divided into several groups: adverbs of measure and degree ( very, slightly, completely), mode of action ( on the sly, skipping), places ( far away, near), time ( long ago, in time), goals ( on purpose, in spite), causes ( involuntarily, blindly).

Let's not forget about a special group of adverbs - predicative adverbs. Predicative adverbs are used in impersonal sentences as a predicate; usually they pass values emotional state: He had fun.

Spelling of adverbs is one of the most difficult sections of Russian spelling. There is a certain set of rules governing the continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of adverbs, but nevertheless, many of the adverbs are written according to tradition, in other words, their spelling must be remembered, which creates some difficulties. So, the most regulated section is the hyphenated spelling of adverbs: remember - in German, in a childish way, in a new way, in a summer way, firstly, thirdly, somehow, somewhere, sometime, little by little, exactly like a criss-cross and others. But here, one should not forget about exceptions and tricky situations: little by little better and etc.; take a new path and others. The most difficult is the continuous and separate spelling of adverbs. Here you need to remember about the producing word, about the number of words included in the adverb, about the figurative meaning of the producing word, etc. and not forget about the exceptions ( in the open, one by one, by two, by three and etc.).

You still have to remember the spelling of some adverbs: unknowingly, without a glimpse, on time, as a joke, conscientiously, on account, on the run, to taste, by eye, along the way, as a keepsake and so on.

Despite the complexity of spelling, adverbs perform an important function in speech: they clarify the grammatical basis and make what is said or written more "voluminous".

Good luck in learning Russian!

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In order to correctly designate such a concept as an object, nouns are used in Russian. Objects, as a rule, have signs, there are adjectives to designate them. And also objects can perform actions, for them there are verbs in Russian.

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In turn, actions (verbs) and object attributes (adjectives) also have their own attributes. For them there is a name - an adverb, these are words that answer such questions: where? as? Where? when? for what? why? in what degree?

• The white plane flies (where?) Far.
• The fluffy cat sleeps (how?) Soundly.
• Grandma's chair is (where?) On the left.
• A small tree will grow (when?) In the fall.
• The beautiful foliage is rustling (where?) Above.

This is a part of speech that is independent, formed from adjectives or other adverbs, in some cases from nouns, and denoting signs of action (verbs) or signs of signs (adjectives).

They do not bend or conjugate. They have no gender, number and case. They are underlined by a dotted line separated by dots, and this shows that in the sentence these words are circumstances. This part of speech, as a rule, depends on adjectives, verbs and other adverbs and forms phrases with them, for example: "fly high", "very sour lemon", "too loud".

Adverbs are classified into six groups:

1. Mode of action. Questions: how? how? Example: "fun", "loud".
2. Measures and degrees. These words provide answers to the questions: to what extent? how much? Example: "very", "a little".
3. Places. For these words, there are questions: where? where to? where from? Example: "far", "left".
4. Time. They answer the question: when? (how long?). Example: "today", "in the spring".
5. Reasons: why? from what? Example: "in the heat of the moment", "blindly".
6. Objectives. Words that answer the questions: why? for what? Example: "on purpose", "out of spite".

Words ending in the letters -o or -e, formed from neuter adjectives, for example: quiet, cheerful, loud, etc., have two forms of degrees of comparison: comparative and excellent.

The comparative degree can be simple or complex. A simple degree is formed by suffixes (-ee, -ey, -e, -che), and a complex form is formed by particles "more" or "less".

For example, "fun is more fun" or "far away" is a simple degree. “Fun is more fun” is a difficult degree.

If some feature is found to the greatest extent than another, then this is an excellent degree, and it consists of two words - "jumped (how?) Above all."

Spelling of adverbs

Particle "not" with wordsending in -o, -e, is written:

• Together, if such a word cannot be used without "not" (ridiculous). Or words with "not" can be replaced with similar ones (sad - sad).
• Separately, if the sentence contains an opposition: "Before the rain, birds do not fly high, but above the ground itself."

With the help of prefixes, you can form a new word: "tomorrow - the day after tomorrow."

From adjectives, the adverb is obtained by using the suffixes: "proud - proudly".

After sibilants, under stress at the end is written -o (hot), without stress -e (ominous). Exception: more.

If the adjective has two letters -нн-, then in the adverb it is necessary to write two letters -нн- (intentional - intentionally).

If the adjective has one -n-, then the adverb also has one -n- (interesting - interesting).

And you can also form this part of speech using both suffixes and prefixes at the same time (left - left, dry - dry).

With prefixes from-, to-, c-, at the end of adverbs it is written -а (long ago, clean, left).

With the prefixes в-, na-, at the end of the adverbs, the letter -o is written (left, cleanly, again).

With the prefix for and the endings -th, -m, -and or with the prefix in- (in-) and the endings -th, -they are hyphenated (in my opinion, in the first place). And also it is necessary to write adverbs with a hyphen in which there is a repetition of words (a little), or consisting of words of the same root (little by little). Remember how to correctly write the expressions: "side by side" and "exactly".

After the hissing sounds at the end of the word, write a soft sign (gallop). Exceptions are easy to remember with the phrase "married unbearable" and write them down correctly.

You can form words from nouns in the accusative and instrumental cases: step, trot, whisper. And also when using the preposition: from a distance (from a distance), to one side (to one side). The difference between a noun with a preposition and an adverb is determined by the presence of explanatory words: "in the distance blue" or "in the distance he saw."

Phrases can also denote this part of speech: immediately (that hour) or now (this hour).

This part of speech is similar to the category of the state, which is an independent part of speech and reflects various states: mental, physical and assessment of actions. The status category answers the questions: how? what is it? For example: the forest is quiet, today it's frosty.

For interpersonal communication in the course of a conversation between people, various speech parts are used. The most ambiguous of them is adverb... It endows a specific action with a specific feature, or a feature with a specific feature. An adverb can be attached to almost all speech parts. It all depends on the speech part, which is in commonwealth with the adverb, it has different designations:

1. If an adverb is attached to a verb (participle), it denotes a sign of a certain action (for example, cooking deliciously - joining a verb, preparing deliciously - to a geruding);

2. If an adverb is attached directly to a noun, then in this case it denotes a sign of a specific object (for example, far from a stop);

3. If the adverb is attached to an adjective, another adverb or participle - in this case it denotes a sign of a sign (for example, very boring - to an adjective, extremely long - to an adverb, deliciously baked - to a participle).

What questions does the adverb answer?

I would like to note the fact that adverbs belong to the non-declining speech part. In sentences, as a rule, adverbs have the function of circumstances. Adverbs in Russian can answer many questions, depending on this, they are also divided into groups:

1. Adverbs of the place - answer the questions - "Where?", "Where?", "Where?" (there, close, from afar);

2. Adverbs of time - "How long?", "When?", "Until when?", "Since when?" (For a very long time, yesterday, today, until tomorrow);

3. Adverbs of purpose answer the question "Why?" (specially);

4. The adverbs of the course of action can be determined by asking the question "How?" or how?" (slow, bad);

5. Adverbs answering the questions "What time?", "To what extent?", "How much?", "How much?", "To what extent?" are adverbs of measure and degree (very shrill, a lot, for a long time);

6. Adverbs of reason answer the question "Why?" (involuntarily).

Morphological analysis of the adverb. Example.

For a more detailed study of the adverb, there is such a concept as morphological analysis... It is used to distinguish two permanent features, because the adverb has no fickle ones. Below is a parsing diagram with an example of the word "Low":

1. Part of speech - Low - an adverb, because it denotes a sign of a certain action.

2. Morphological features:
category by value - determinative;
if so, the degree of comparison is lower;
unchangeable word - the word is unchangeable.

3. Syntactic function - The switch in the apartment was so low that Alexei had to bend down to turn on the light. The adverb "low" is an adverb that describes a course of action.

Adverb suffixes.

In order not to make a mistake in the spelling of adverbs, you must remember that:

Adverbs that have the prefixes -do, -s, -is will have the suffix -а (again, for a long time);
Adverbs beginning with the prefixes –в, ––, –za –– have the suffix –о (left, right).