1.4 chemical composition of the studied species of the goldenrod genus. Goldenrod: the powerful healing power of a poisonous herb

When choosing plants for my yard, I prefer stable and unpretentious flowers that do not require care. For example, for many years I have been growing goldenrod, or a golden rod. The plant can bloom almost the entire season, does not require regular watering and top dressing.

Goldenrod, or golden rod, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family. In the wild, it is widely distributed in temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Translated from Latin, the name means "strong, healthy", which is connected with the unique healing properties of goldenrod.

The flowers and roots of the plant have an anti-inflammatory and astringent effect, and are used in traditional medicine recipes. The petals are used to make yellow organic paint. Botanical features of goldenrod:

• forms a powerful and long root that goes deep into the ground;
• a slightly branched stem grows up to 100 cm;
• leaves are oval or ovoid with small notches;
• flowering occurs from May to the second decade of September;
• small flowers of rich golden color, collected in small buds;
• in autumn, a seed pod is formed.

Goldenrod is suitable for both single and group planting. Looks especially decorative with other aster, coniferous shrubs and cereals.

With a large planting, care should be taken, since the seeds have a high germination rate, the plant quickly fills a large space. To avoid self-seeding, it is important to cut the buds after flowering.

Species and varieties

About 100 species of goldenrod are known, 20 of which are used as ornamental flowering plants. They differ in the height of the bush, the feature of flowering and the requirements for cultivation. Known Species:

• Common goldenrod. Plant height varies from 60 to 100 cm, has a powerful root. Small yellow flowers are collected in fluffy spherical inflorescences. Flowering is observed from June to the second half of August;
• Canadian. It has high frost resistance and stability. It grows up to 150 cm in height, the stems are erect, but there is a slight branching in the upper part. The leaves are large, can reach 15 cm in length. Yellow flowers are collected in an inflorescence in the form of a basket with a diameter of 4 to 15 cm;
• Cutler's goldenrod. A low-growing plant, grows up to 25 cm in height. Leaf blades are rough, rather long. Flowers of a golden hue, collected in racemose or thyroid inflorescences;
• Supreme. In open ground conditions, the height of the bush reaches 2 m. The stems are erect, have strong pubescence over the entire surface. Flowering later, the buds are painted in a pleasant lemon shade;
• Hybrid. It is from this species that almost all ornamental varieties originate. Differs in the compact sizes, beautiful and long blossoming. The height of the bush and the color of the petals depend on the variety;
• Blueish grey. One of the most decorative types of goldenrod. It can grow up to 120 cm, the stems are thin and spreading. Foliage is dark green or bluish in color, no petioles. Flowering can continue until the first autumn frosts.

A large number of varieties of goldenrod are on sale. They differ in flowering time (early, middle and late), as well as bush height from 60 to 200 cm. Popular varieties: Pillare, Goldjunge, Goldtanne, Golden Dwarf, Perkeo.

Conditions of detention

Goldenrod is an unpretentious plant that can quickly develop and grow in any conditions, adapts to adverse factors. The flower can be planted in both well-lit and dark areas. In some countries, the golden rod is considered an aggressive plant, so it is advisable to plant a flower away from cultural plantings.

The plant can be grown on any type of soil, goldenrod grows best in moist and heavy, but fertile soils with a neutral reaction. The growth rate can be accelerated by adding organic matter to the substrate during the planned digging of the site for planting.

Planting seeds in open ground

In its natural environment, goldenrod reproduces by seeds or shoots. All cultivars are usually planted by seed. Planting material quickly sprouts and takes root, rarely affected at the seedling stage. Work can be carried out in the spring after the snow melts or in the second half of October. Planting technology in open ground:

1. Dig up the soil to the depth of the shovel bayonet, add mullein at the rate of 5 kg / m 2 and level the landing site.
2. Pre-moisten the seeds in a damp cloth for 3-4 hours to enhance germination.
3. Scatter the seeds on the surface when planting in the spring or deepen them 2-3 cm into the ground if you are sowing in the fall. Sprinkle on top with a mixture of sand and fertile soil up to 3 cm thick.
4. Plentifully water the planting. Shelter is not required.

The first shoots appear after 14-20 days, after which the seedlings can be thinned. The optimal distance for medium and long varieties is 60-80 cm, undersized and curb varieties of goldenrod are grown at intervals of 30-40 cm.

Features of care

The golden rod is distinguished by unpretentious care. The plant can grow for many years in one place without the need for a transplant and even constant feeding. To improve decorativeness and maintain health, minimal care should be observed. Basic procedures:

• The plant does not need regular watering. Water needs to be added only in the dry season at the rate of 10 l / m 2. Spraying is carried out as needed, it is recommended to avoid getting water on the goldenrod flowers;
• top dressing is applied only when growing a crop in lunch or heavy soil. To enhance the decorative qualities of fertilizers are used in spring and autumn. For this purpose, a complex composition for flowering plants, an aqueous solution of mullein in a ratio of 1:10 or an ash solution is best suited;
• during the first year of growth, it is important to loosen the soil in a timely manner, remove all weeds. Subsequently, the procedure is carried out only as needed, since the goldenrod has a powerful root system;
• to avoid self-seeding, after flowering, all flower stalks should be cut off, and the planting should be thinned out during the season. It is also recommended to observe sanitary pruning - remove weak and diseased vegetative parts.

Goldenrod has a high frost resistance, but when grown in the northern regions, it is desirable to prepare for winter. To do this, at the end of autumn, cut the bush to a height of up to 15-20 cm above the ground, abundantly mulch the soil with sawdust or peat with a layer of 5-7 cm.

Reproduction methods

If there is an adult plant on the site, it is easy to propagate it to increase the planting volume. The procedure is carried out in the following vegetative ways:

• Cuttings. Provides almost 100% survival, the daughter plant is highly resistant and immune. The procedure is carried out when the first buds begin to swell. For reproduction, well-formed shoots with 2-3 growth buds are separated. After that, the cutting should simply be deepened in fertile soil, poured abundantly with water and mulched. Rooting occurs within a month;
• The division of the bush. For reproduction, you need to use only a strong and healthy plant aged 3-4 years. The division of the mother plant can be carried out in autumn and spring. First you need to carefully moisten the soil next to the flower, and then carefully dig out the bush. After that, divide the rhizomes into 2-3 parts using a sharp tool, transplant the plants to a permanent place.

For reproduction, you can independently collect the fruits of goldenrod in the fall, but that the seeds quickly lose their germination capacity, they can be stored for up to 2 years.

Diseases and pests

Subject to the agrotechnics of cultivation and the minimum rules of care, the plant is extremely rarely infected with diseases and harmful insects. Among diseases, fungal infections are the most dangerous - real and downy mildew, aster rust.

For treatment, copper-containing fungicides are used, for example, a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture, Hom, Oksikh. If signs of infection are detected, the treatment is carried out in two stages with an interval of 10 days.

Of the insects for goldenrod, slugs and caterpillars are dangerous. It is difficult to deal with them because they have low sensitivity to insecticides.

First, it is desirable to reduce the population mechanically (remove by hand or scald the soil with boiling water), and then carry out a complete treatment of all parts of the plant and soil with any complex preparation. Suitable for this purpose: Aktara, Aktellik or Intavir.

Conclusion

• Goldenrod, or golden rod, is a perennial herbaceous plant used as part of a decorative single or group planting.
• In floriculture, 20 varieties are used, which differ in the height of the bush, feature and flowering time.
• Caring for goldenrod is very simple. The plant does not need regular watering, top dressing. It is important to timely trim the flower stalks and thin out the planting.
• In the garden, the golden rod can be propagated by seeds, cuttings and division of the rhizome.

Goldenrod is a bright and fragrant herb from the Asteraceae family. It is found in temperate climates throughout Eurasia. From Germany to the Caucasus and Siberia, in the steppe expanses and in well-groomed farmsteads, the plant pleases with bright colors and many useful properties. It is used in landscape design, as well as a medicinal plant for a host of ailments. Among the people, the goldenrod is also known under the names of solidago, golden rod, scrofula, ironwort, bone binder. It is easy to care for, but it quickly occupies large areas, so it needs a strict restriction or the presence of a spacious area.

plant description

Goldenrod is a perennial herbaceous plant with a long taproot. The lignified rhizome goes deep into the ground. On the surface there is a slightly branched shoot 30-100 cm high. The upright tetrahedral stem is covered with a smooth bark. It may be green or reddish in color.

The alternate leaves on short petioles are oval or ovoid. The lower leaves are narrowed and elongated more than the upper ones. The edges of the leaf plate are serrated. The stem and leaves have a very short, barely noticeable pubescence.

In May-September, flowering of goldenrod is observed. Dense corymbose inflorescences bloom in the axils of the upper leaves. They consist of many yellow bell-shaped buds. Flowers are 4-8 mm long. Along the edges are bells with yellow petals. The central specimens are distinguished by a brown-yellow color. The buds open from the edge of the inflorescence to the center.

After pollination, fruits are tied - achenes of a cylindrical shape with longitudinal ribs. Their length is 3-4 mm. The pubescent coating of the walls ends with a brown tuft.

Popular types

The goldenrod genus includes more than 100 species. Of these, less than ten are used in culture.

Is the most common. It can be found in the expanses of Eurasia and North Africa. The height of a herbaceous plant with slightly branched shoots is 60-130 cm. The oval leaves at the base of the stem have petioles, and the upper leaf plates are sessile. Rounded and cylindrical inflorescences bloom in June-August. The plant is used for medicinal purposes and is a good honey plant.

The plant is common in the foothills of eastern North America and in Eurasia. Its stems are larger (50-150 cm). The upper part of the shoot and foliage are densely covered with short villi. Broadly lanceolate leaves with serrated edges are 12-15 cm long. It blooms in August-September with narrow yellow inflorescences.

This species became the progenitor of most ornamental varieties. Plants are more compact in size and have beautiful foliage. Even without flowers, they are of great interest to gardeners. The most popular varieties:

• fearlenkron - branched shoots up to 80 cm high are covered with ovate bright green leaves, the top of the stem is decorated with a dense bright yellow inflorescence;
• goldtanne - a bush up to 2 m high blooms in mid-September thick yellow-orange inflorescences about 50 cm long;
• spatgold - the height of a bush with lemon inflorescences does not exceed 80 cm;
• perkeo - compact bushes up to 50 cm high in early August are covered with bright yellow dense inflorescences.

Shoots of this species reach 2 m in height. They form slender thickets, covered with bright green entire foliage. In early August, bright yellow inflorescences 30-40 cm long bloom on solidago. They remain on the plant for about 50 days.

Reproduction methods

Reproduction of goldenrod can be carried out in the following ways:

• Sowing seeds. You need to sow seeds that are not more than a year old, as they quickly lose their germination. Do it immediately in the open field. In the spring, when the temperature is set at + 18 ° C and above, shallow holes are made in the allotted area and they try to evenly distribute the seeds in them. The soil is moderately moistened. Seedlings can be detected after 14-20 days. In the first year, seedlings rarely bloom.
• The division of the bush. Already after the first year of life, goldenrod gives basal processes, but division is best done after 3-4 years. In spring or summer, bushes can be divided into several parts. A distance of 40 cm must be left between seedlings.
• Rooting cuttings. For rooting use the upper parts of the stem without inflorescences. In summer, you can cut the lateral processes. Rooting is done in pots with a sand-peat mixture. After 1-2 weeks, the seedlings grow roots, and after another 14-20 days they are ready for transplanting to a permanent place.

Care rules

Goldenrod is an easy, tenacious plant. It will appeal to busy or lazy gardeners. The flower prefers well-lit areas of the garden. Solidago grows better on them and forms more buds. It can also withstand a slight penumbra, but in this case, flowering will begin later.

Fertile soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction are suitable for planting. The plant can adapt to poor, heavy soils. Goldenrod needs regular watering, but without standing water in the ground. Frequent droughts lead to disease and reduced flowering.

Goldenrod fertilizer is needed only on poor soils. An excess of minerals leads to a strong pasture of the stems and a decrease in flowering. You can use mullein or mineral universal fertilizers. Solutions are applied to the ground monthly until flowering is completed.

To avoid abundant self-seeding, it is recommended to cut the inflorescences immediately after withering. This will protect the site from complete capture by the goldenrod. Tall bushes should be tied up or supported. In autumn, the shoots are almost completely cut off, leaving only 10-15 cm of shoots above the soil surface. Plants are resistant to frost and do not require additional shelter.

Goldenrod is suitable for use in landscaping. Hybrid varieties of goldenrod are more suitable for a combined flower bed, as they do not self-sow and do not oppress neighboring plants. They are used in mixborders, discounts, rock gardens and rockeries. Yellow bushes are good in the neighborhood of conifers, as well as flowering phlox, sage, asters. This beautiful honey plant will attract many beneficial insects and butterflies to the site.

Goldenrod looks great not only on the lawn, but also in a vase. The bouquet will last up to two weeks and will spread a pleasant, unobtrusive aroma. You can use the flowers to dry.

Composition and medicinal properties

Canadian and common goldenrod are widely used in folk medicine and veterinary medicine. They contain a large amount of organic acids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharides, fatty oils and other bioactive substances.

Medicinal raw materials in the form of leafy stems and inflorescences are collected during the flowering period. Dry them in a well-ventilated area. After drying, dense stems are recommended to be threshed and removed. The resulting material is stored in cloth bags or paper bags for a year.

Decoction, tea, honey and goldenrod infusions have the following effects on the body:

• expectorant;
• antimicrobial;
• diuretic;
• wound healing;
• anti-inflammatory.

Folk healers claim that with the help of goldenrod, you can get rid of kidney stones, intoxication of the body and diarrhea, menstrual irregularities, urological disorders, as well as sexually transmitted diseases.

Contraindications

It is important to remember that in addition to useful properties, there are contraindications. Goldenrod contains a small amount of toxins, which, if overdosed, adversely affect the body. Medicines based on solidago are contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 14 years of age. The plant should not be used in diseases of the kidneys and circulatory system, as well as in the presence of allergies. If you feel unwell, you should immediately stop taking drugs and consult a doctor.

doctor of agricultural sciences, professor botanists of the RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev

In medicine, mainly 2 species are used - the Canadian goldenrod and the golden rod widely grown in our country in the fields-meadows.

Or golden rod (Solidago virgaurea) is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family with a short woody rhizome. Stems erect, often unbranched, leafy, up to 100 cm tall. The leaves are alternate or ovate, pointed, serrate along the edge, the basal and lower stem leaves are narrowed into a winged petiole, the upper ones are smaller, sessile. The flowers are yellow, in small (up to 15 mm) baskets, collected in a racemose or paniculate inflorescence. The fruits are cylindrical ribbed achenes with a brownish tuft. Blooms in August - September.

It occurs throughout the European part of Russia, except for the Far North, in the Caucasus and Western Siberia. It grows in light forests, along edges, clearings, clearings, among shrubs, in meadows. Prefers soils that are not heavy in texture. In Eastern Siberia and the Far East, it is replaced by closely related species - Daurian goldenrod (Solidago dahurica syn. Solidago virgaurea var. dahurica) and goldenrod descending (Solidago decurrens), which can be used in medicine due to the similar chemical composition on a par with the main species.

The upper part of leafy shoots harvested during flowering is used. It is absolutely not necessary to grow goldenrod on the site, you can simply collect and dry the upper parts of the shoots with inflorescences in late July-early August. Dry in the shade, laying out in attics or in a dryer, at a temperature not higher than + 35 + 40 ° C. Homeopaths use inflorescences.

We use it in folk medicine and harvest wild. Included in the Pharmacopoeia of Germany and some other countries.

Properties and application common goldenrod

Chemical composition: organic acids, diterpenoids, 2.4% saponins, phenolic compounds, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (coffee, chlorogenic, hydroxycinnamic), up to 012% flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, etc.), coumarins, essential oil.

Pharmachologic effect. It has a strong diuretic effect, is used in diseases of the kidneys and bladder, especially often in urolithiasis. At the same time, along with a diuretic effect, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and strong antibacterial properties. The flavonoids contained reduce capillary permeability. Effective for urate and oxalate stones. Contraindicated in phosphate stones, as it increases the pH of the urine. Very effective in chronic prostatitis, cystitis and urethritis. Sometimes in collections it is used for impotence and prostate adenoma. Due to its antifungal action, it is effective against candidiasis, and in common parlance - thrush.

In folk medicine, it is used for cholelithiasis, indigestion, rheumatism, gout, associated with impaired uric acid metabolism. Outwardly, fresh leaves are used for abscesses and boils. In Germany, it is sometimes used for venous diseases, which is probably due to the high content of flavonoids and a pronounced anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive and antioxidant effect.

(Solidago canadensis L.) is very decorative, numerous garden forms have been bred, which differ markedly in height and shape of inflorescences. This species is a perennial herbaceous plant up to 150 cm high, strongly resembling the common goldenrod. Stems are erect, branching in the upper part, densely leafy along the entire length, woody at the base. The color of the stems is from dark to light green. The leaves are alternate, linear-lanceolate, long-pointed at the apex with well-marked three veins. The lower leaves along the edges are sharply serrate-toothed, short-petiolate, 5-12 cm long. The upper leaves are entire, sessile, 4-8 cm long. Flower baskets are small, 3-5 mm in diameter, consist of 4-6 reed and 5-8 tubular flowers. Reed flowers are yellow, arranged in one row. Tubular are in the center of the basket, have 5 stamens and a pistil with a flat bifid stigma. The fruit is a narrow-cylindrical ribbed achene 4-15 mm long. Blossoms from the second year of life in late July-early August, bears fruit in late August-early September.

This species is native to North America. It is found in the USA in the mountains to the subalpine zone. In Europe, it was first used as an ornamental, after - and as a medicinal plant. It has become wild and is now widely distributed throughout the western and central regions of the European part of the country.

Canadian goldenrod is an unpretentious plant, undemanding to soil conditions. Tolerates partial shade, but thrives best in full sun. The plant is very large and powerful, based on this, you should choose a spacious place for planting it. Plants can be placed in a mixborder and arranged taking into account the height of the selected variety or form. As a dried flower, the upper parts of the shoots cut at the very beginning of flowering will enliven any winter bouquet with their bright color.

Cultivation and reproduction

Growing a plant is not difficult. Goldenrod is easily propagated by seeds and vegetatively, by cuttings of rhizomes and green cuttings. Seeds can be sown without prior preparation in early spring. Then it is better to either thin out the plants or plant them at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. In autumn, it is better to cut off the aerial part at a height of 5-6 cm from the soil surface.

Vegetative reproduction - by segments of rhizomes, possibly by green cuttings. Cuttings take root in conditions of artificial fog, and even without it, without much difficulty. The optimal landing pattern is 20-30x70 cm.

The plant is very responsive to mineral and organic fertilizers, which, given the long period of growth in one place, it makes sense to apply when planting.

The plant is practically not affected by pests and diseases.

Properties and uses of Canadian goldenrod

As a medicinal raw material, just like the common goldenrod, the upper part of leafy shoots, harvested at the very beginning of flowering, is used. The tops of 30-40 cm are cut off. The plantation can be operated for 5 or more years. If you are late with the harvesting of raw materials, then the inflorescences are strongly fluffed during drying. Unlike the golden rod, the coarse stems are removed from the Canadian goldenrod after drying, leaving the leaves and inflorescences. Dry raw materials in the shade, laying out in attics or in a dryer at a temperature not higher than + 35 + 40 ° C.

Chemical composition. The aerial part of the plant contains organic acids, diterpenoids, 2.4% saponins, phenolic compounds, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (coffee, chlorogenic, hydroxycinnamic), up to 0.12% flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, etc.), coumarins, essential oil , amino acids, chlorophyll, sugars, lipophilic substances, diterpenes, a large amount of triterpene saponins. According to regulatory documents, the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin should be at least 3%.

Pharmachologic effect. The plant has a strong diuretic effect, is used in diseases of the kidneys and bladder, especially often in urolithiasis. Effective for urate and oxalate stones. Contraindicated in phosphate, as it increases the pH of urine. At the same time, along with a diuretic effect, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and strong antibacterial. Very effective in chronic prostatitis, cystitis and urethritis. Sometimes in collections it is used for impotence and prostate adenoma. Canadian goldenrod is part of the Polish Phytolysin and Ukrainian Marelin. VILAR has developed a complex preparation Prostanorm, used for acute and chronic prostatitis and prostate adenoma, which, in addition to Canadian goldenrod, includes echinacea and licorice.

In folk medicine, it is used for cholelithiasis, indigestion, rheumatism, gout, associated with impaired uric acid metabolism. Outwardly, fresh leaves are used for abscesses and boils. In Germany, sometimes used for diseases of the veins.

Due to some toxicity of common goldenrod, it is necessary to observe the dosage. Canadian goldenrod is practically non-toxic.

Herb infusion: 20 g of raw materials per 200 ml of boiling water, insist, strain and take after meals 1/3-1/4 cup 3 times a day.

Cold infusion of herbs: 6 teaspoons of raw materials pour 400 ml of boiled water and leave for 8 hours, strain, drink during the day.

Due to the high content of flavonoids, the aerial part of both types of goldenrod can be used to dye fabrics yellow (we are talking about natural fibers - wool, silk, and somewhat worse - cotton).

In recent years, scientists have discovered a strong allelopathic effect of goldenrod on soil microflora. Plants release a large amount of secondary metabolites into the soil, which suppress the development of harmful phytopathogens living in the soil and thus purify the soil.

Interesting results were obtained that a decoction of two plant species - Canadian goldenrod (leaf) and cloves inhibits the development of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes ( Aedes aegypti), which is a carrier of pathogens of yellow fever, dengue fever, wuhereriosis. So the benefits of goldenrod are not limited to the expulsion of salts from the body.

Photo: Elena Malankina, Maxim Minin, Rita Brilliantova

Instructions for use:

Common goldenrod is a perennial herb of the genus Goldenrod of the Asteraceae family, herbal preparations of which have a pronounced diuretic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.

Chemical composition

The herb of common goldenrod (life-giving grass, spool, golden rod, centaury grass, scrofula, scrofula, rubdnica, seven-strength, core, mother of bread, life-giving grass) includes the following biologically active substances:

• organic acids (quinic, etc.);
• diterpenoids;
• triterpenoids;
• saponins (virgauresaponins);
• phytoecdysones;
• phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (coffee, chlorogenic, hydroxycinnamic);
• phenolic and polyacetylene compounds;
• coumarins (esculin, esculetin);
• flavonoids (narcissin, isorhamnetin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, kaempferol).

Other substances contained in the golden rod:

• inflorescences: carbohydrates and related compounds (polysaccharides including arabinose, galactose, xylose, glucose, rhamnose);
• fruits: fatty oil.

Beneficial features

The plant is used in folk medicine, as well as in homeopathy. Pharmacy name - Solidaginis herba (grass of the golden rod).

For therapeutic purposes, the leafy upper parts of the stems with inflorescences are used, the harvesting of which occurs during flowering. The herb has a slightly aromatic smell and a spicy, bitter-astringent taste.

Goldenrod ordinary has a pronounced diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Due to these properties, the plant is widely used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the bladder and kidneys, especially often in urolithiasis, urinary disorders in the elderly (urinary retention / involuntary urination), albuminuria, hematuria, prostatic hypertrophy.

As a result of experimental studies of the flavonoid complex of the plant, its pronounced diuretic and hypoazotemic properties were revealed. A decoction of goldenrod does not have stone-dissolving properties, but increases the secretory-excretory function of the kidneys, affects the acid-base balance and water-salt metabolism. At the same time, there is an increase in phosphaturia and an increase in the pH of the urine, while at the same time, oxalaturia and uraturia are reduced / eliminated. Thus, common goldenrod can be prescribed for pi therapy and for prophylactic purposes in case of oxalate and urate kidney stones.

In the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, golden rod herb is included as an antiseptic and diaphoretic. In Germany, the plant is widely used in the treatment of inflammatory urological diseases, in combination with other plants - in diseases of the veins.

In folk medicine, aqueous preparations (decoctions/infusions) from the aerial part of the plant are used as an astringent, diuretic, expectorant, diaphoretic, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound healing agent in the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis, acute respiratory diseases, rheumatism. , gout, arthritis, diarrhea, enteritis, colitis, menorrhagia, leucorrhea, prostatic hypertrophy, acute laryngitis, tonsillitis, eczema, diseases of the bladder and kidneys, ascites, cholelithiasis, bronchial asthma. Goldenrod extract is recommended for cerebral edema. In Belarus, the plant is used for skin tuberculosis, in the Caucasus, Siberia and Komi - for scrofula. In the Caucasus, an alcoholic tincture from the underground part of the plant is also used as a wound healing agent.

Inflorescences of the golden rod as a powder are used in folk medicine as a wound healing agent. In Komi and Siberia, they are prescribed (in the form of a decoction) for hepatitis and ulcerative cystitis, in Moldova and Belarus (externally mixed with cream, butter or pork fat) - for rheumatism, skin tuberculosis, burns, dermatitis, whites.

In combination with other plants, common goldenrod is used for impotence, prostate adenoma, chronic prostatitis and frequent pollutions; externally - with eczema and acute laryngitis.

Infusions from the golden rod in Bulgarian folk medicine are prescribed as a remedy for chronic kidney diseases, including inflammatory processes, stones and sand in the kidneys, albumin in the urine; as a diuretic - for rheumatism, uric acid metabolism disorders, edema and gout. Gruel from fresh leaves is used externally for the treatment of purulent wounds and boils. For the same purpose, dry leaf powder mixed with a little quality water can be used.

Goldenrod seeds are used in Chinese folk medicine to thin the blood and treat bloating. The seeds are also used for cholera, wounds, diarrhea, and menstrual irregularities.

In Tibet, the aerial part of the goldenrod is used in the treatment of neurasthenia and jaundice.

The golden rod is part of various complex medicines - Antiprostin, Prostaforton, Inconturin, Prostamed, Prostanorm, Fitolizin, Saburgen and others.

The essence of inflorescences in homeopathy is used to treat nephritis, bronchial asthma, arthritis, diathesis, skin diseases.

Indications for use

Goldenrod preparations are used as a diuretic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of the following diseases:

• gout;
• rheumatism;
• dropsy;
• cholelithiasis and urolithiasis;
• albuminuria;
• hematuria;
• prostatic hypertrophy;
• angina;
• gingivitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• tuberculosis;
• purulent wounds, boils.

Contraindications

• acute/chronic glomerulonephritis;
• pregnancy;
• individual intolerance to biologically active substances that make up the plant.

It must be taken into account that the common goldenrod contains toxic substances, so the prescribed dosage of its preparations must be strictly observed.

Homemade remedies from goldenrod

• infusion (general recipe): 1 tbsp. l. raw materials per 500 ml of boiling water; infusion time - overnight in a thermos; method of application - 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, 2/3 cup;
• infusion (therapy of gastritis, stomach pain, urolithiasis, prostate adenoma): 1 tbsp. l. raw materials per 200 ml of cooled boiled water; infusion time - 4 hours; method of application - 3-4 times a day before meals, 1/4 cup;
• decoction (jade therapy, to dissolve stones in the bladder and kidneys): 2 tbsp. l. raw materials per 500 ml of water; cooking method - boil for 10 minutes on low heat, then insist for 1 hour; method of application - 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals, 100 ml;
• decoction (treatment of sore throat, tonsillitis, bleeding gums; used for rinsing, has anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties, helps to reduce sputum formation): 3 tbsp. l. raw materials per 200 ml of boiling water; cooking method - heat in a water bath for 20 minutes, cool for 10 minutes; method of application - rinse with warm decoction 3 times a day after meals, 1/2 cup;
• tincture (external therapy of fractures, skin diseases, purulent ulcers): 6 tbsp. l. raw materials per 0.5 l of vodka; method of preparation - insist, shaking daily, for 30 days in a dark place: method of application - in the form of lotions.

Many of us are familiar with Canadian goldenrod. This is a perennial herbaceous plant, the top of which is decorated with sunny golden inflorescences.

As an ornamental, it is used by many gardeners. Its lush arcuate flower stalks adorn many flowerbeds until late autumn. These plants are pleasing to the eye both in the cut and in the winter bouquet. However, such a cute flower is considered not only decorative. Alternative and traditional medicine uses it as an excellent antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic.

A bit of history

The name of this plant solidago consists of two Latin words. This is solidus, which means "strong", and ago - "to do". In a literal translation - "doing health."

And here it becomes clear that Canadian goldenrod has medicinal properties.
The plant was brought to Europe from North America as an ornamental. After that, it became wild and spread over a large area.

In 1863, Canadian goldenrod was named the national plant of the Confederacy due to its gray and yellow flowers. Since 1895, he has become one of the official symbols of the state of Nebraska. Since 1926, the Canadian goldenrod has been a symbol of the state of Kentucky.

In the people, this plant is called scrofula and life-giving grass, hare down and yellow flower.

Classification

The Canadian goldenrod plant is a perennial. This is one of the many (about 120) species belonging to the genus Goldenrod. The plant belongs to the Compositae or Astrov family.

Botanical description

What is Canadian goldenrod? The photo and description below introduce us to this perennial herbaceous plant.

Canadian goldenrod is quite high. Its stems reach almost two meters in height. At the same time, they are branched, erect, with a large number of leaves along the entire length and woody at the very base. Not surprisingly, supported by a powerful rhizome.

The plant has alternately placed pointed lanceolate leaves, on which three veins can be seen. The lowest green plates have a serrate-toothed shape. These leaves emerge from the stem with short petioles. At the top are sessile entire leaflets.

In the second year of life, starting from mid-summer, the plant begins to bloom. This state continues for one and a half to two months. What can be observed? At the very top of the stems, paniculate inflorescences-baskets begin to form, which consist of small yellow flowers. 5-6 of them are reed, and 6-8 are tubular. They contain five stamens with a lower ovary. By the end of August, Canadian goldenrod begins to form cylindrical achene fruits. They contain small seeds with a small tuft, having

The plant is an excellent honey plant. Its reproduction occurs both with the help of the wind and vegetatively (by cuttings or part of the rhizome).

In Russia, you can find two varieties of goldenrod - Canadian and ordinary (golden rod). The cultivation of the plant is carried out for decorative and medicinal purposes. At the same time, such a species as Canadian goldenrod shows stronger healing properties, affecting the patient's body much more effectively.

The root system of the plant has the ability to grow independently. At the same time, Canadian goldenrod (see photo below) gradually displaces and drowns out a huge number of species of other plants.

For example, in China, this is considered a serious agricultural problem that needs to be addressed in order to save the crops planted in the fields.

Spreading

The Canadian goldenrod is native to North America. To date, the territory of its distribution is quite extensive. You can meet the plant throughout Europe. Huge thickets of goldenrod are also found in America and Asia. At the same time, wild-growing and cultivated species are distinguished.

The plant prefers light sandy soils in well-lit areas. Often, Canadian goldenrod is found on forest edges. It also grows along roads, as well as near houses in the countryside. Gardeners consider it an unpretentious flowering plant.

Procurement of raw materials

Canadian goldenrod, whose medicinal properties are widely used in the treatment of many diseases, is pre-harvested for the production of various preparations.

In this case, the stems of the plant serve as medicinal raw materials. In the field of homeopathy, its fresh flowers are used to produce remedies. Only in its aerial part does the Canadian goldenrod exhibit medicinal properties (photo below).

Harvesting of medicinal herbs begins during its flowering period. In this case, only the inflorescences of the plant, as well as its leaves without hard stems, are considered suitable.
Baskets of flowers collect only drop-down. Already bloomed after cutting them, they fluff up and throw out seeds.

The collected raw materials are placed under a canopy, where direct sunlight does not fall. The temperature should not exceed 40 degrees. It should be noted that the hard tops of the stems are not subject to harvesting. They are simply thrown away.

The dried parts of the plant are packed in paper bags. Raw materials of goldenrod can be stored without losing their medicinal properties for no more than two years.

Chemical composition

What are the medicinal properties of Canadian goldenrod? Its rich chemical composition, which contains a large amount of flavanoids and tannins, alkaloids and essential oils, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, coumarins and saponins, chlorophyll and diterpenes, lipophilic substances and triterpene compounds, as well as resins.

The combination of these useful elements leads to the fact that the plant is able to produce a therapeutic effect to eliminate a large number of pathologies, and therefore it is used not only by folk, but also by official medicine.

Pharmacological properties

What are the benefits of Canadian goldenrod? Official medicine classifies it as a strong diuretic. This action is made possible thanks to the saponins included in its composition. At the same time, in addition to the medicinal properties of Canadian goldenrod, contraindications are also considered. So, the plant is able to increase the pH of urine, and therefore the preparations that contain this medicinal herb are not recommended to patients if they have phosphate stones. Canadian goldenrod is especially effective in other cases. So, it is indicated for urate and oxalate stones, urolithiasis, as well as pathologies of the kidneys and bladder.

Flavonoids, which are part of Canadian goldenrod, can reduce the permeability of capillaries - small vessels. In addition, the plant shows its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect on the body. A positive effect was noted when it was used to eliminate thrush (candidiasis), which is explained by the detrimental effect of the active substances of the medicinal herb on yeast pathogens candida.

Application area

The beneficial properties of Canadian goldenrod allow it to be used to treat many diseases. After all, the plant has a well-defined anti-inflammatory and choleretic, diuretic and antibacterial, astringent and expectorant, analgesic and sugar-reducing, restorative and wound-healing effect (below, see the photo of Canadian goldenrod).

The medicinal properties of the plant, namely its most powerful antibacterial effect, make it an excellent addition to the drug therapy of a disease such as pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, the medicinal herb has an expectorant and antitussive effect, helping to clear the lungs of the sputum in them, which provokes coughing fits. Doctors note that after the inclusion of the plant in the course of therapy, the patient's condition improved significantly.

The plant also provides invaluable assistance in the treatment of bronchitis, as well as bronchial asthma. This happens not only due to the antitussive, but also due to the most powerful anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial action.

Preparations, which include Canadian goldenrod, help with inflammatory processes in the bile ducts and in the gallbladder, as well as with bile stasis. Pain syndromes in such cases are removed already on the first day of the course of treatment.

The plant is used to provide a diuretic effect, if necessary, to remove sand from the kidneys, as well as to relieve swelling. Moreover, preparations containing Canadian goldenrod improve the patient's condition even in cases where he has swelling of the internal organs or even the brain. Healing herb actively removes fluid from the body in the shortest possible time, eliminating its excess.

Canadian goldenrod is also used for liver pathologies. In this case, he is also able to show a pronounced therapeutic effect. At the same time, inflammation is removed, the liver is cleansed of toxins, and the processes of self-healing of the affected cells are launched.

Helps Canadian goldenrod from diabetes. At the same time, it speeds up metabolic processes. In turn, this leads to the rapid burning of sugar. It is recommended to take herbal preparations regularly. This will significantly lower the level of sugar in the body. This property of medicinal herbs is used not only for diabetes. Preparations with it are recommended for people with high sugar.

The Canadian goldenrod is also good for diarrhea. He is able not only to stop an unpleasant phenomenon, but also to eliminate the very cause of the disease. This becomes possible due to the fact that pathogenic microorganisms, which, as a rule, cause diarrhea, die when interacting with the substances that make up the medicinal herb.

Canadian goldenrod is also used as a wound healing agent. It prevents infection and accelerates the process of regeneration of the upper layers of the skin. In cases where it is required to heal ulcers or festering wounds, one should also not forget about this amazing herb. She will quickly cleanse the wound of purulent-necrotic secretions and will soon tighten it.

Contraindications

When is Canadian goldenrod not used? Contraindications prohibiting treatment with preparations containing this plant are as follows:

Pregnancy period;
- age up to 12 years;
- the period of breastfeeding;
- allergy;
- acute glomerulonephritis.

In addition, it is worth considering that the plant is poisonous. In this regard, Canadian goldenrod can harm the body. To prevent this from happening, it is simply unacceptable to exceed the permissible dosages when using it.

Application in official medicine

The medicinal properties and contraindications of Canadian goldenrod are well known to pharmacologists in Russia, as well as other countries. They use the plant to create some complex preparations that have hypoazotemic and diuretic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. These are, for example, such means as "Marelin" and "Prostanom", "Fitozilin" and others. Consider the scope of their application.

The composition of the drug "Prostanorm" is a liquid extract obtained from the ground part of the plant. This pharmacological agent is successfully used in the treatment of prostate pathologies (chronic and acute adenomas, prostatitis). The drug improves the circulation of fluid in the prostate, and also normalizes the process of diuresis. Its active substances act on staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci.

The anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic drug "Marelin" is used by physicians for nephrolithiasis. At the heart of the remedy is a dry extract of goldenrod, due to which the excretion of kidney stones occurs, diuresis increases and renal colic is eliminated.

The drug "Fitolysin" is used in the treatment of inflammatory and infectious processes that accompany urolithiasis (urolithiasis). The agent contributes to the creation of a bacteriostatic, bactericidal and antispasmodic effect.

Based on fresh inflorescences of Canadian goldenrod, the homeopathic remedy Sjlidago virgaurea is injected. It is recommended for inflammations of the kidneys of a chronic nature, which are accompanied by catarrhs, rheumatic spasms and edema.

Application by folk healers

Alternative medicine recommends using Canadian goldenrod internally and externally, using tinctures and decoctions. In the first case, the plant is indicated for rheumatism, gout, gallstone disease and indigestion. Regular ingestion of a decoction made from this medicinal herb allows you to remove stones from the kidneys and urinary tract. At the same time, spasmodic renal pain ceases to torment a person. In addition, decoctions are recommended for the treatment of the throat, for getting rid of colds, as well as for eliminating unpleasant odors from the oral cavity.

The same drug is used externally. Canadian goldenrod leaves are boiled for lotions in the treatment of furunculosis, cuts, poorly healing and purulent wounds. There is another excellent external remedy that allows you to save a person from various skin diseases. These are crushed dry leaves of a plant mixed with cream.

Traditional medicine also uses the essential oil of a medicinal plant. Moreover, it can be used both as an independent tool and in combination with other oils intended for aroma lamps, local applications, as well as for massage actions.

honey plant

How else can Canadian goldenrod be used? The plant is distinguished by a high content of nectar in its flowers, which is produced throughout the daylight hours. For the entire period of their flowering, which is about two months, bees are able to collect up to 100-150 kg of honey from one hectare. This product has a tart taste and a bitter aftertaste. Its color is dark brown. Honey in its liquid consistency is stored for no more than 1-2 months. After that, it crystallizes.

Canadian goldenrod honey is also used in traditional medicine. After all, this beekeeping product has many medicinal qualities, which are due to the presence of nutrients in the plant itself. In addition, the nectar processed by bees becomes even more valuable. Goldenrod honey has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Its use helps fight kidney diseases and urinary tract ailments. In addition, this valuable bee product helps with dermatitis and eczema. Its use allows you to strengthen the immune system, as well as have a positive effect on metabolic processes.

Folk healers recommend this honey not only orally. It can also be used as part of ointments and compresses. Such use of it allows you to cure eczema, edema, dermatosis, long-term healing wounds, as well as skin irritations.

Honey also has a beneficial effect on the digestive, cardiac and nervous systems. This product is also considered an excellent remedy for the treatment of tonsillitis, meningitis, rhinitis and sinusitis.