What are the symptoms of heatstroke in children? Overheating of a child: heatstroke, symptoms and causes What to do with heatstroke in children

06.10.2020

The internal thermoregulation system of a child is not the same as that of an adult. If the external environment does not allow to cool down quickly (staying in an overheated room, car, clothes that are too warm, hot weather), the baby may be hurt. Especially if you do not immediately recognize heatstroke in him - the symptoms in children are often similar to the common cold or flu.

What are the symptoms of heatstroke in babies?

It is difficult to determine the problem under consideration in infants, because they still cannot complain or talk about poor health. Therefore, mothers need to be very attentive to the behavior of the baby and its appearance.

Symptoms:

blush, hyperemia of the body;
dry back and armpits;
no sweat even if it's too hot;
dry skin on the lips;
moodiness, frequent bouts of crying.

If the early manifestations go unnoticed, severe dehydration sets in:

low mobility;
lethargy;
drowsiness;
some lethargy (there is no reaction to external stimuli, for example, tickling);
apathy.

Signs of heatstroke in a one year old or older

Clinical manifestations at this age are a little easier to see - in addition to the above symptoms, the baby often asks for a drink, tries to lie down, sometimes holds his head, and may fall asleep in an upright position. Children over 1 year old complain of nausea.

Signs of dehydration:

increased body temperature;
dizziness and headache;
thirst;
rapid shallow breathing and pulse;
irritability, moodiness;
no sweat on the skin;
hyperemia;
sticky, thick saliva;
weak urination, while urine is dark in color;
cold limbs;
point cramps.

Symptoms of heatstroke in a teenager

Depending on the severity of the disease, the clinic of stroke in adolescents differs. So, a mild degree is characterized only by muscle weakness, nausea and headache. Further overheating of the body is characterized by the following symptoms:

clammy, damp skin;
deterioration of motor functions;
loss of consciousness;
loss of orientation in time, space.

The consequences of heatstroke in a child

The described pathology is considered one of the most dangerous conditions, as it causes a disorder of the central nervous system. Heatstroke can cause the following complications:

deep coma;
cerebellar dysfunction;
hemiplegia;
emotional instability;
aphasia;
cerebellar ataxia;
hypotension;
acute renal failure;
internal hemorrhage;
intravascular coagulation;

It is important to help the injured child in time, otherwise such overheating and dehydration will lead to death (about 27% of cases).

First aid for children with symptoms of heatstroke

If you suspect the baby has the considered disease, you should call the emergency medical team. While waiting for specialists, you need to perform certain actions:

Move the child to a cool place.
Take off his clothes.
Place the child horizontally on its side.
Give me a drink. Babies should be offered breasts. Older kids or teenagers - water, compote, tea. It is important that the liquid is no lower than room temperature or slightly higher. You need to drink a little, but often.
If possible, wipe the child's body with a damp cloth, again - not a cold one.

Prevention of heatstroke in children

You can prevent hyperthermia by observing several rules:

Summer is a long-awaited time for every child. Children spend a lot of time outdoors during this time of the year, especially on hot days, so parents should remember that prolonged exposure to the sun can lead to heat stroke. It is very important to know how to prevent heatstroke and what to do if this trouble occurs with the child.

Many parents underestimate the dangers of heatstroke, and in vain - the duration of the child's stay in the open sun in the summer season must be strictly controlled

What is heatstroke?

Heatstroke is a pathological condition of a person that occurs under the influence of high temperatures, in which the process of thermoregulation is disrupted. The body receives a large amount of heat from the outside, in addition to that generated as a result of vital activity, which leads to overheating.

Long-term exposure to heatstroke:

outside in the summer heat;
in a room with a high air temperature;
clothes that are too warm out of season.

Heatstroke causes

The main reason is severe overheating of the body. With a prolonged stay in a hot room or outside in the summer heat, a malfunction occurs in the part of the brain responsible for thermoregulation. The heat generated by humans is stored in the body and cannot be released.

The process of heat transfer in humans occurs when sweat is produced, which evaporates, cooling the body. Heat is also released when cold air is inhaled and the capillaries close to the skin's surface expand. In summer, the air temperature is high, which means that the body does not generate heat for warming it. Other types of thermoregulation do their job well, if you do not create obstacles to them.

In order to protect the child from overheating, you need to make sure that he has something to quench his thirst, and clothes do not prevent the evaporation of sweat. Liquid from the surface of the body evaporates only if the ambient air is drier than the air under the clothes. With high humidity, sweat does not evaporate, but flows down in a stream, while the surface of the skin does not cool. Clothing should not be too close to the body so as not to interfere with heat dissipation.

The main factors preventing heat transfer are:

air temperature higher than body temperature, at which heat is not removed from the body;
high values \u200b\u200bof air humidity;
synthetic or too warm clothing;
prolonged exposure to direct sunlight;
physical activity in the summer heat;
excess weight;
light-skinned children are more prone to overheating;
pathology of the central nervous system;
unstable thermoregulation system.

Symptoms in children at different ages

The signs of hyperthermia in children are more pronounced than in adults, and the clinical condition can worsen very quickly.

Overheating leads to dehydration and intoxication of the body, which lead to serious complications and pose a threat to the health and life of the child. If you experience any characteristic signs, you should consult a doctor.

Symptoms for heatstroke in infants are different. In order to provide timely assistance to the child and avoid the transition of the disease to a more severe form, it is necessary to know how it manifests itself and how long overheating in children lasts.

Signs in babies

Babies under one year old are often overcooled and easily overheated, so there is no need to wrap them up in a well-heated room. Heatstroke can be determined by the following criteria:

the baby cries loudly;
the face turns red, the temperature rises;
sticky sweat appears on the tummy and back;
signs of dehydration appear (red eyes, dry armpits and lips);
poor appetite;
general weakness, apathy.

In infants, the process of dehydration of the body occurs very quickly, therefore, at the first symptoms of heatstroke, you should seek medical help

When a child develops characteristic symptoms, he needs to provide first aid and go to a medical institution. If heatstroke in an infant is not recognized in time, severe dehydration and loss of consciousness may occur.

Symptoms in children over a year old

Clothes that are too warm provoke overheating in children over a year old. This is also facilitated by the increased activity of babies, in which their body temperature rises, and clothing does not allow heat to come out. In unventilated, warm rooms, the likelihood of overheating increases.

In children over 1-2 years old, it is much easier to recognize heatstroke, since the symptoms are more pronounced:

with a mild degree of overheating, babies are characterized by increased physical activity, leading to a worsening of the condition;
dizziness;
headache;
a strong feeling of thirst;
increased body temperature;
redness of the skin;
dry lips;
sudden bouts of vomiting;
nausea;
general weakness.

With mild heatstroke, the baby experiences weakness and a constant feeling of thirst, nausea and vomiting are possible

First aid for symptoms

At the first symptoms of heatstroke in a child, you need to call a doctor. Before their arrival, parents need to do the following:

Move the child to a well-ventilated, cool area.
Lay the baby on a horizontal surface.
If a child is in a fainting state, it is necessary to raise his legs, first placing a towel or something from clothing under them. In this position, blood flow to the head improves.
If vomiting is severe, the baby's head should be turned to one side to provide airflow to the lungs.
If clothing is made of synthetic materials or is restricting movement, remove it completely.
To avoid dehydration, the child must be given water to drink. It should be given often in small sips. To restore the salt balance, it is better to give mineral water or saline solutions such as Rehydron, Trihydron, Reosalan - this will help prevent cramps.
Any cloth moistened with water should be applied to the back of the head and neck. You can also wipe the child's body with it or gradually douse it with water at room temperature. You cannot bring a hot baby into a cold pond.

In case of heatstroke, apply a cold compress to the child's forehead.

You need to put something cold on your forehead, such as a bottle or bag. The newborn can be completely wrapped in a wet towel or sheet.
For proper breathing, it is necessary to provide air flow with a fan or newspaper.
In case of a fainting state, the baby can be given a sniff of cotton wool soaked in a solution of ammonia, which can be found in any car medicine cabinet.
In case of a sudden cessation of breathing in a child, if the medical team has not yet arrived, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration. To do this, the baby's head is slightly thrown back, one hand is covering the baby's nose, and the other is holding the chin. After a deep breath, air is released into the mouth for a few seconds. When air enters the lungs, the chest should rise.

Heatstroke treatment

Treatment of hyperthermia begins with first aid to the child. After the arrival of the doctors, the patient is hospitalized and the treatment is continued in a hospital setting. A child who has suffered from heatstroke must be treated. Otherwise, it is very difficult to avoid serious consequences for the health of the baby.

How to help a baby?

The first task of parents with heatstroke in infants is to lower body temperature. To do this, he must be completely undressed or undressed.

Then they move on to other cooling methods:

wipe the baby's bodies with water, the temperature of which should be at least 20 ° C, too cold water can provoke a deterioration;
wrap the newborn in a cold diaper, which must be changed every 8-10 minutes;
put the child in a bath with water at room temperature for 5-7 minutes.

If the procedures are carried out at home, then it is necessary that an air conditioner or fan is working in the room. If first aid is provided on the street, then the patient is transferred to the shade.

After overheating, the newborn is provided with a constant flow of fluid into the body. Every 30 minutes, your baby needs to drink at least 50 ml of water or breast milk. With hyperthermia, accompanied by vomiting, the dose of fluid is increased.

If heatstroke is accompanied by cardiac arrest, the baby is given artificial respiration, alternating with heart massage. Each breath should be followed by 5 presses on the lower sternum.

Treatment of kids 2-3 years old

With hyperthermia in a 2-3-year-old child, treatment is carried out in a similar way. Ambulance doctors assess the general condition of the patient and, if necessary, hospitalize him in a hospital.

Treatment for heatstroke depends on its severity, sometimes doctors insist on hospitalization of the child

The drug therapy regimen for children under 4 years old is as follows:

taking anti-shock and antipyretic drugs with a dosage corresponding to the child's age;
intravenous administration of solutions to normalize the electrolyte balance in the child's body;
taking hormonal drugs to improve hemodynamics;
anticonvulsants are prescribed as needed;
in critical situations, tracheal intubation is performed.

Therapy for children over 3 years old

Children of preschool and school age have more stable thermoregulation, but, despite this, they can also get heatstroke if they are in the sun for a long time or in a very hot room. In a hospital setting, therapy is performed using the following medicines:

drugs Droperidol and Aminazine are administered intravenously according to the instructions;
saline solutions are poured using a dropper to prevent dehydration and normalize electrolyte levels;
cardiotonics normalize the work of the cardiovascular system;
hormonal agents;
the anticonvulsants Diazepam and Seduxen are used for treatment only when needed.

The consequences of hyperthermia

In case of hyperthermia, help should be provided immediately. If in the first hours after the detection of the pathology, no medical procedures are carried out, the child will experience severe complications:

Thickening of the blood. It occurs due to a lack of fluid, leads to heart failure, thrombosis, heart attack.
Severe renal failure. In most cases, it appears under the influence of metabolic products formed in the body at high temperatures.
Respiratory failure. It is associated with changes in the region of the brain responsible for respiratory function. With hyperthermia, it manifests itself in an acute form.
Damage to the central nervous system, the main symptoms of which are: severe vomiting, fainting, impaired hearing, speech and vision.
Shock is one of the most dangerous conditions that results from dehydration. With an imbalance of electrolytes in the body, the blood supply to most internal organs is disrupted.

With the onset of summer, many people spend a long time outdoors, so parents need to know the main symptoms of heatstroke in a child. If the baby's health has deteriorated sharply and he has become lethargic, it means that he is overheated, and he needs urgent help.

This disease is called a painful condition that is caused by prolonged exposure to hot environmental conditions. It occurs at any time of the year, but most often in the summer. The situation is aggravated by the presence of warm or multi-layered clothing, synthetic fabrics, high humidity, abundant food, physical activity.

There is a concept of sunstroke - it occurs when a person does not wear a hat in sunny weather. Symptoms and prevention are similar. Sunstroke is a form of heat... However, there are differences.

These diseases occur for various reasons. Parents need to know what happens in the body when overheating in order to provide their child with first aid when symptoms of heatstroke occur.

First aid for heat and sunstroke is the same.

Development mechanism

The human body adapts to different weather conditions and maintains its constant temperature. If the air gets very hot, the body begins to sweat actively - this is how the heat passes into the environment. The hotter it is outside and the higher the humidity of the air, the more a person sweats. In extremely hot weather, up to 1 liter of liquid comes out with sweat in 1 hour.

Most often, infants, children, the elderly and people with chronic diseases suffer from overheating. In this case, the processes of heat generation are enhanced, and the processes of heat transfer decrease. Heat is retained in the body and does not escape.

If a person is hot, he begins to sweat - this is how heat passes into the environment. In especially hot weather, for 1 hour with sweat, the body can lose up to 1 liter of fluid

When overheated, blood vessels constrict, heat does not go to the skin, but remains inside... With dehydration, the blood becomes thick, blood circulation in the internal organs is disrupted. Blood flows to the skin (the face turns red), there is not enough blood in the organs (weakness appears).

A person begins to have a fever, intoxication of the body, heart failure, which can even lead to respiratory arrest and death.

Thermoregulation normally occurs at 37 ° C (± 1.5 ° C). When climatic conditions change, the heat transfer process changes. In this case, the following consequences are possible:

At the stage of compensation, the human body fights overheating.
Compensatory reactions disrupt thermoregulation.
If symptoms persist in earlier stages, fever develops.
The stage of decompensation begins.
Acidosis (a form of acid-base imbalance) occurs at the last stage of overheating.

Thus, when overheating in the body, processes occur that can lead to irreversible consequences.

Causes

There are two forms of overheating:

overheating during physical activity (for young people, athletes, those who work in a stuffy room);
classic heatstroke caused by increased air temperature.

Not drinking enough fluids in heat can lead to heatstroke

The following reasons contribute to overheating:

long stay outside in hot weather;
change of climatic conditions;
the presence of multi-layer or synthetic clothing in hot weather;
hormonal disorders;
meteosensitivity;
heart disease (including a previous heart attack or stroke);
overweight;
the use of diuretic medicines (read about);
insufficient fluid intake;
the use of alcoholic or narcotic substances.

If you do not provide timely assistance, a person can be seriously injured.

Symptoms

To provide first aid to the victim in time, you need to be able to recognize the symptoms of heatstroke in a child and an adult.

In the next video, Dr. Komarovsky will tell you what heatstroke is and how to avoid it.

In babies

Heatstroke in children under one year old is manifested by the following symptoms:

the complexion changes: first, the skin turns red, then turns pale;
the temperature rises sharply to 38-40 ° C;
behavior changes: at first the baby is in an excited state, after which it becomes lethargic, yawns; this happens because the body loses fluid, but cannot cool itself;
cold sweat appears;
the work of the digestive system is disrupted: nausea, belching and frequent stools;
cramps of the face, arms and legs may appear (in this article you will learn about and first aid).

The kid can be capricious and cry for a long time, he does not understand what is happening to him, he feels bad.

In children over a year old

With heatstroke, children become lethargic, their temperature rises

Children 1 year of age and older have similar basic symptoms of heatstroke:

lethargy, weakness;
fainting is possible;
increased body temperature;
nausea and vomiting (see how to stop vomiting in a child);
rapid pulse, weakly felt;
tinnitus and darkening of the eyes;
cracked lips from dehydration;
bleeding from the nose.

In childhood, the disease is dangerous by the onset of a critical conditionwhich can be fatal. It is urgent to call an ambulance and take the baby to the hospital. In addition, it comes on abruptly, so it is important to notice overheating in the early stages.

In adults

The main symptoms of heatstroke include headache, lethargy, and fever.

In adults, signs of heatstroke are:

lethargy, drowsiness, weakness (you want to lie down or lean on your elbow, a person cannot stand on his feet);
headache and dizziness;
redness of the face;
temperature rise to 40 ° C;
intestinal disorders (vomiting, diarrhea).

After that, the person falls into a delusional state, hallucinations occur, the patient loses consciousness. The complexion turns from red to white (cyanotic), profuse sweating occurs. Further, the work of the cardiovascular system is disrupted (the pulse increases, but it is poorly audible). In this state, death is possible.

Severity

There are three degrees of severity, depending on which treatment is prescribed.
1
A mild degree is manifested by headaches, nausea, dilated pupils, weakness and lethargy, rapid pulse and breathing. Red face, profuse sweating, possibly nosebleeds.
2
Moderate severity is characterized by severe weakness, passivity: the child is lethargic, lies all the time, he is disturbed by vomiting, and loss of consciousness is possible. Fever appears (up to 40 ° C), tachycardia occurs, breathing is frequent and difficult.
3
A severe degree is considered the most dangerous. Convulsions are possible, the person is “on fire” (temperature up to 41 ° C). Delirium, fainting occurs, blood circulation and breathing are impaired.

In medical sources, you can find the division of the disease into 4 types:

asphyxia - respiratory failure, fever up to 38 ° C;
hypothermia - fever, fever (39-41 ° C);
cerebral form - mental disorders and neurological phenomena (convulsions, delirium, hallucinations) occur;
gasroenteric form - a violation of the digestive system (vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, disturbed stool).

Most often, not one form of heatstroke manifests itself, but several at once.

With heatstroke, it is necessary to prevent dehydration of the body. It is manifested by the fact that there is thirst, dry mouth, lips crack. It is also important to identify signs of heat and sunstroke.

First aid

At the first suspicion of overheating, parents should call a doctor and provide first aid.

First, the victim must be transferred to a cool place.

It is important to know what to do with heatstroke:

Move the victim to a shady or cool room.
Remove outerwear (diaper from the baby).
Put a cold compress on your head, wipe the body with cool water (adults can be wiped with alcohol or vodka). This will help cool down.
Give cool water to drink often, but little by little. In case of fainting, do not give to drink, as water can enter the respiratory tract! It is better to drink clean non-carbonated drinking water.
If vomiting begins, the person must be put on one side, raise his head and tilt it.

You also need to know what not to do in case of heatstroke:

Give antipyretic drugs.
Give alcohol and caffeinated drinks.
Cool the victim quickly (for example, immerse them in cold water).

If you take these actions on time, you can avoid disastrous consequences. With a mild degree, first aid is usually enough to restore the body. If it doesn't feel better, call a doctor immediately, he will prescribe treatment for heatstroke.

Effects

Most often g miners and children under one year old react to heatstroke with vomiting and diarrhea, fever... If you do not provide first aid, the condition can become critical:

body temperature rises to 41 ° C;
breathing slows down or disappears altogether.

In especially difficult cases, delirium, loss of consciousness, convulsions are observed, a person may fall into a coma. The longer the body is overheated, the higher the risk of death.

If the malaise occurs during physical activity, then this can provoke the development of various complications.

Prevention

To avoid the effects of hot weather, a number of preventive measures must be followed:

In hot weather, walk with children up to a year in the shade of trees. The best time for walking is before 11 am in the morning and after sunset in the evening. The most dangerous period is considered to be from 12.00 to 16.00. At this time, you need to be at home, in a cool, well-ventilated area.
Choose clothes for the baby made of cotton or linen (avoid synthetic fabrics). The child must be wearing a headdress. Better to buy clothes in light colors. You can wear sunglasses over your eyes.
Take water with you for a walk... You need to drink twice as much as usual. It is not recommended to feed outside.
Add more vegetables and fruits to your food (as they contain water) and reduce the amount of fatty foods. Do not go for a walk right after eating.
If the baby is taken to the resort, then it is necessary to alternate swimming and games on the shore. You can't let him sleep in the sun.
More often wipe the baby's face with a damp handkerchief or wash with cool water.
Adults are not advised to consume a lot of coffee and alcohol in hot weather.... It is better to quench your thirst with cool non-carbonated mineral water.

Watch the following video to learn about prevention and first aid for heatstroke.

Conclusion

Heatstroke can seriously harm your health. To avoid unwanted consequences, you need to take precautions. If it was not possible to avoid overheating, it is necessary to determine the symptoms of heatstroke in a child in time and provide first aid.

Vacation season is ahead. We all missed the sun and warmth during the winter. But the sun and heat are not as harmless as they seem at first glance. Even in our latitudes, no one is safe from sun and heatstroke. Especially when it comes to children.

Today we will talk about a topic that is very relevant for all parents in the summer: heat and sunstroke. Moreover, the relevance remains regardless of where you will rest with your children - at sea or in the country.

We will analyze the causes and symptoms of heat and sunstroke, first aid, and, of course, the prevention of such conditions.

The consequences of overheating are often underestimated by parents. Heatstroke in a child is a serious problem. The insidiousness of this condition is that the first symptoms of the disease can be perceived as the onset of a cold or simple malaise and fatigue.

Late diagnosis always leads to a neglected condition and, therefore, to serious consequences that require serious treatment. That is why every parent needs to know everything about overheating of the body and about measures to prevent it.

What is heat and sunstroke?

Heatstroke is a pathological condition in which all thermoregulation processes in the body are disrupted due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. That is, a large amount of heat comes from outside. In addition, heat is generated in the body itself (the mechanism of heat production works), and there is no heat transfer.

Heatstroke can develop outdoors in hot weather, in a hotly heated room. This can also happen in conditions of not very high ambient temperatures, if the child is very warmly wrapped.

Sunstroke is a separate form of heatstroke. This condition is characterized by impaired health due to exposure to direct sunlight directly on the child's head.

Young children are especially susceptible to this condition. In babies, thermoregulation processes are still imperfect due to age. They often develop heatstroke even at low ambient temperatures. Also, in young children, the disease progresses rapidly.

In infants, it is difficult to diagnose overheating because children cannot complain, tell what worries them. And the symptoms of overheating of the child are nonspecific. Lethargy, capricious behavior, tearfulness can be for various reasons. It is not always possible to immediately associate these symptoms with overheating. Therefore, it is very important to protect babies from the sun and heat, and indeed from any overheating.

Overheating reasons

Although sunstroke is considered a special form of heatstroke, they are not the same. If only because they have different causes.

In other words, if a child is in the shade in hot weather, with a hat, then he will not have sunstroke, but he is not insured against the development of heatstroke.

The cause of heatstroke is the general overheating of the whole organism with prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Due to overheating in the work of the thermoregulation center in the diencephalon, a breakdown occurs. The body actively produces heat, but cannot give it away.

Heat dissipation normally occurs mainly with the production of sweat. Sweat evaporates from the surface of the skin and cools the human body.

Additional options for heat transfer are energy (heat) consumption for warming the inhaled air and expansion of blood capillaries near the skin surface (a person turns red).

During the heat, little heat is spent on warming the inhaled air. And the other two thermoregulatory mechanisms work. If we, of course, do not bother them ...

What to do to avoid getting in the way? It's that simple! First, parents should pay special attention so that the child has something to sweat, and his clothes allow the sweat to evaporate.

There is one more nuance here. Liquid (in this case, sweat) evaporates if the surrounding air is drier than the layer of air directly near the body, under clothing. At high humidity, sweat flows in a stream, but does not evaporate. Simple laws of physics work. Consequently, there is no cooling of the skin.

Plus, to avoid overheating, clothes should be loose so that heat can be freely removed from the skin from the dilated blood capillaries.

Let's summarize a little what has been said and add something, systematically answering the question: "What leads to a violation of heat transfer?"

So, the following factors hinder the heat transfer and cooling of the body:

heat (air temperature above 30 ° C). At temperatures above 36 ° C, heat is not removed from the skin surface at all, and sweat does not evaporate;
high air humidity;
improperly dressed (dressed too warmly or dressed in synthetic clothing, in which the skin cannot breathe, and the sweat does not evaporate or absorb);
prolonged exposure to the sun (no shade);
intense physical activity in the heat;
lack of fluid intake (the child drinks little);
excess subcutaneous fat in overweight children interferes with the release of heat.
fair-skinned, fair-haired children do not tolerate heat worse;
taking antiallergic (antihistamines) drugs slows down heat transfer;
violation of the heat transfer process can occur due to the pathology of the central nervous system or due to the physiological immaturity of the thermoregulation system in infants.

Heatstroke can also develop in babies who are in a closed car in the heat or during a traffic jam, when the car is practically motionless. When the outside temperature is around 32-33 ° C, the temperature inside the car can rise to 50 ° C within 15-20 minutes.

Now let's talk about sunstroke. It is the result of exposure to the direct rays of the sun on a person's head. That is, the cause of sunstroke can be expressed in a simple speech phrase: "The head is baked."

The timing of sunstroke symptoms varies. It happens that something is wrong immediately, while in the sun. But often the symptoms of sunstroke develop delayed, 6-9 hours after returning from a walk in direct sunlight.

The main signs of heatstroke

In the heatstroke clinic, three degrees of severity can be distinguished.

With a mild degree, headache, dizziness, nausea, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, dilated pupils appear. At the same time, the skin is moist.

Even with a mild form of heatstroke, you should definitely consult a doctor. Hospitalization is usually unnecessary if the child receives help on time.

For moderate severity of heatstroke, increasing headache is characteristic, combined with nausea and vomiting. The skin is red. Temperatures rise up to 40 ° C. The heartbeat and respiratory rate increase.

The child has a pronounced weakness (unwillingness to move). There is a confused consciousness, a state of stunnedness, the baby's movements are uncertain. Light-headedness or short-term loss of consciousness may occur.

Loss of consciousness, a coma-like condition, and the appearance of seizures indicate a severe form. Psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, and confusion of speech may also develop.

On examination, the skin is dry and hot. The temperature reaches 42 ° C, the pulse is weak and frequent (up to 120-130 beats per minute). Breathing is frequent, shallow, intermittent. Short-term respiratory arrest is possible. Heart sounds are muffled.

The main symptoms of sunstroke

Weakness, lethargy, headache, accompanied by nausea and vomiting are pronounced.

Vomiting or diarrhea is often one of the first signs of a stroke. Older children complain of tinnitus, flashing of flies. The baby's body temperature rises.

The skin is red, especially on the face and head. The pulse is frequent, weak filling, breathing is rapid. There is increased sweating. Epistaxis often occurs.

Symptoms of severe damage are similar to those of heatstroke (loss of consciousness, disorientation, rapid, then slow breathing, muscle twitching).

Physicians distinguish another concept in violation of heat exchange - heat exhaustion. This condition may precede the development of a more serious pathological condition - heatstroke. Thus, we can say that heat exhaustion is a heat pre-shock.

With an untimely diagnosis or inadequate treatment of heat exhaustion, the process can progress and lead to disastrous consequences, sometimes even fatal.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion and heatstroke in the comparison table:

Face colour	Pale	Red with a bright blush
Leather	Wet, sticky	Dry, hot to the touch
Thirst	Pronounced	May already be absent
Sweating	Reinforced	Reduced
Consciousness	Fainting possible	Confused, possible loss of consciousness, disorientation
Headache	Is characteristic	Is characteristic
Body temperature	Normal or slightly increased	High, sometimes 40 ° C and above
Breath	Normal	Frequent, superficial
Heartbeat	Rapid, weak pulse	Rapid, pulse can hardly be traced
Convulsions	Rarely	Present

First aid for overheating

Move your baby to a shade or cool, ventilated place. Try to keep the area around the victim open. It is necessary to exclude the mass gathering of people (onlookers). Call an ambulance.
Place the child in a horizontal position.
In case of impaired consciousness, the legs should be in an elevated position. Place clothes or a towel under your ankles. This will increase blood flow to the brain.
In case of nausea or vomiting that has already begun, turn your head to one side so that the child does not choke on vomit.
Take off your baby's outerwear. Free your neck and chest. It is better to remove tight or synthetic clothes altogether.
The child must be thoroughly drunk with water. Give water in small portions, but often. The water should not be very cold, as this can provoke stomach cramps and vomiting. It is better to drink with mineral water or special saline solutions (Regidron, Normohydron). The child loses salt with sweat. Due to their rapid mass loss, the concentration of electrolytes in the body decreases. This can lead to seizures. Saline solutions quickly restore the water-electrolyte composition
Soak any cloth in cool water and apply it to your forehead, neck or back of your head. Wipe your baby's body with a wet cloth. You can gradually pour more and more water over your body with a temperature of about 20 ° C. It is impossible to sharply bring a heated baby into the water (sea, pond).
Then apply a cold compress (bag or bottle of cold water) to your forehead or back of your head. A very young child can be wrapped in a wet diaper or sheet.
Provide fresh air. Fan it in a fan-like motion.
If the baby's consciousness becomes clouded, carefully let him smell a cotton ball soaked in 10% ammonia (available in any car medicine cabinet).
In an emergency, when the baby stops breathing, when the medical team has not yet arrived, you need to save the child yourself. We'll have to remember what was taught in medical or military training lessons. You need to tilt the child's head back slightly so that the chin goes forward. One hand should be placed on the chin and the other should be used to cover the baby's nose. Take a breath. Release air for 1-1.5 seconds into the baby's mouth, clasping the baby's lips tightly. Make sure that the baby's ribcage rises. So you will understand that the air went into the lungs. After suffering heat illness, you just need to adhere to bed rest for several days. These recommendations should not be violated. After all, this time is necessary for a small organism to restore the normal functioning of the nervous, cardiovascular systems, to normalize some metabolic processes.

10 main rules for the prevention of heat disorders

Parents should always remember about measures to prevent such conditions. Children are at risk. They can be exposed to heat or sunstroke even with short exposure to the sun or in a stuffy, hot room.

It is better to deal with the prevention of heat disorders in children in advance.

When walking in sunny weather, dress your child in light-colored clothes made from natural fabrics. White reflects the sun's rays. Loose natural fabrics allow the body to breathe and sweat to evaporate.
Always protect the baby's head with a light-colored panama hat or a brimmed hat. For an older child, protect your eyes with tinted glasses.
Avoid rest during the most sunny hours. These hours are from 12:00 to 16:00, and in the southern regions - even from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm.
The child should not be in direct sunlight, that is, in open areas. It should be in the shade (under an umbrella, the sandbox should be with a roof).
Plan your vacation so that the child does not have intense physical activity in the heat (jumping on a trampoline, air slides, excursions).
Alternate sunbathing (up to 20 minutes) with swimming. It is better to sunbathe while on the move, and only in the morning and evening. Under no circumstances should a child spend their lunchtime sleep on the beach.
Children are absolutely not allowed to sunbathe, so do not insist that the child lie with you on the beach (sunbathe). Do not be indignant that he cannot lie quietly or sit for more than three seconds))
Children should drink a lot! Under normal conditions, a child should drink 1-1.5 liters of liquid. When the air temperature rises above 30 degrees, this volume can be up to 3 liters of water. Maintaining water balance is one of the important measures to prevent heat illness. Even breastfed babies need extra water. It will be more convenient for mommy to give it not through a spoon, but from a syringe without a needle. In this case, you need to direct the stream of water along the wall of the cheek. That way he won't spit it out. Otherwise, he will definitely do it. He will quickly realize that this is not mother's milk at all, but something much less tasty ... Although I must say that some children drink water very willingly.
Periodically wipe your face and baby's arms with a wet diaper. Wash your baby more often. This will help him to cool down and wash away the annoying sweat that instantly makes children prickly heat.
Proper nutrition in the heat is also worth paying attention to. In hot weather, do not eat tightly. Children, as a rule, do not want to eat in the hours of the sun. Give your child the opportunity to snack on juicy fruits and vegetables, light milk products. Transfer a full meal to the evening. In hot weather, do not rush to go outside immediately after eating. At best, this can only be done in an hour.
At the slightest suspicion of feeling unwell and unwell, immediately stop walking or relaxing on the beach. Get medical attention.

These simple rules will help you and your children enjoy sunny weather without any health concerns. May the sun be your joy!

Summer is undoubtedly the most favorite time of the year not only for most adults, but also for children. But in addition to the sun and heat, it poses a considerable threat to the health of young children. After all, babies often get heatstroke from a long stay in the heat. This is what our article will be about.

Heatstroke is the body's response to overheating.

Signs Description External Redness of the skin Not only a blush appears on the cheeks, the hands, neck, back and tummy turn red, less often redness reaches the legs. General weakness The child does not want to engage in vigorous activity, he always tries to sit or even lie down, sluggishly answers questions. Dyspnea It manifests itself in moderate and severe heatstroke, any movement causes difficulty breathing, the baby begins to breathe through his mouth, often gasping for air. Vomiting It is also typical for moderate severity of the disease, it becomes difficult for the stomach to digest the ingested food. Dry skin The normal reaction to heating is increased sweating, with heatstroke the skin becomes very dry, the back, armpits, palms do not sweat, thermoregulation is disturbed. Heat Although it is an external sign, it is not always possible to recognize it immediately, nevertheless, even if it seemed to you that the baby's skin became hotter than usual in warm weather, there is a reason to immediately return home and measure the temperature with a thermometer. Signs a child might complain about Dizziness It can be difficult to notice right away, the child himself may say that his head is spinning. Nausea No vomiting, but the baby feels uncomfortable. Darkening in the eyes A child can say that midges fly in front of his eyes, complain that suddenly it becomes dark in his eyes. Muscle spasms Reduces limbs, weak twitching appears in the muscles.

Since the main cause of heat stroke is high temperature, all actions in this case should be aimed at reducing it.

Summer is a long-awaited time for every child. During this time of the year, especially on hot days, children spend a lot of time outdoors, so parents should remember that prolonged exposure to the sun can lead to heat stroke. It is very important to know how to prevent heatstroke and what to do if this trouble occurs with the child.

Many parents underestimate the dangers of heatstroke, and in vain - the duration of the child's stay in the open sun in the summer season must be strictly controlled

What is heatstroke?

Long-term exposure to heatstroke:

outside in the summer heat;
in a room with a high air temperature;
clothes that are too warm out of season.

Heatstroke causes

The main factors preventing heat transfer are:

air temperature higher than body temperature, at which heat is not removed from the body;
high values \u200b\u200bof air humidity;
synthetic or too warm clothing;
prolonged exposure to direct sunlight;
physical activity in the summer heat;
excess weight;
light-skinned children are more prone to overheating;
pathology of the central nervous system;
unstable thermoregulation system.

Symptoms in children at different ages

The signs of hyperthermia in children are more pronounced than in adults, and the clinical condition can worsen very quickly.

Signs in babies

Babies under one year old are often overcooled and easily overheated, so there is no need to wrap them up in a well-heated room. Heatstroke can be determined by the following criteria:

the baby cries loudly;
the face turns red, the temperature rises;
sticky sweat appears on the tummy and back;
signs of dehydration appear (red eyes, dry armpits and lips);
poor appetite;
general weakness, apathy.

In infants, the dehydration process occurs very quickly, therefore, at the first symptoms of heatstroke, you should seek medical help

Symptoms in children over a year old

In children over 1-2 years old, it is much easier to recognize heatstroke, since the symptoms are more pronounced:

with a mild degree of overheating, babies are characterized by increased physical activity, leading to a worsening of the condition;
dizziness;
headache;
a strong feeling of thirst;
increased body temperature;
redness of the skin;
dry lips;
sudden bouts of vomiting;
nausea;
general weakness.

In case of mild heatstroke, the baby is weak and thirsty, nausea and vomiting are possible.

At the first symptoms of heatstroke in a child, you need to call a doctor. Before their arrival, parents need to do the following:

Move the child to a well-ventilated, cool area.
Lay the baby on a horizontal surface.
If a child is in a fainting state, it is necessary to raise his legs, first placing a towel or something from clothing under them. In this position, blood flow to the head improves.
If vomiting is severe, the baby's head should be turned to one side to provide airflow to the lungs.
If clothing is made of synthetic materials or is restricting movement, remove it completely.
To avoid dehydration, the child must be given water to drink. It should be given often in small sips. To restore the salt balance, it is better to give mineral water or saline solutions, such as Rehydron, Trigidron, Reosalan - this will help prevent cramps.
Any cloth moistened with water should be applied to the back of the head and neck. You can also wipe the child's body with it or gradually douse it with water at room temperature. You cannot bring a hot baby into a cold pond.

In case of heatstroke, a cold compress must be applied to the child's forehead.

You need to put something cold on your forehead, such as a bottle or bag. The newborn can be completely wrapped in a wet towel or sheet.
For proper breathing, it is necessary to provide air flow with a fan or newspaper.
In case of a fainting state, the baby can be given a sniff of cotton wool soaked in a solution of ammonia, which can be found in any car medicine cabinet.
In case of a sudden cessation of breathing in a child, if the medical team has not yet arrived, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration. To do this, the baby's head is slightly thrown back, one hand is covering the baby's nose, and the other is holding the chin. After a deep breath, air is released into the mouth for a few seconds. When air enters the lungs, the chest should rise.

Heatstroke treatment

How to help a baby?

The first task of parents with heatstroke in infants is to lower body temperature. To do this, he must be completely undressed or undressed.

Then they move on to other cooling methods:

wipe the baby's bodies with water, the temperature of which should be at least 20 ° C, too cold water can provoke a deterioration;
wrap the newborn in a cold diaper, which must be changed every 8-10 minutes;
put the child in a bath with water at room temperature for 5-7 minutes.

If heatstroke is accompanied by cardiac arrest, the baby is given artificial respiration, alternating with heart massage. Each breath should be followed by 5 presses on the lower sternum.

Treatment of kids 2-3 years old

With hyperthermia in a 2-3-year-old child, treatment is carried out in a similar way. Ambulance doctors assess the general condition of the patient and, if necessary, hospitalize him in a hospital.

Treatment for heatstroke depends on its severity, sometimes doctors insist on hospitalization of the child

The drug therapy regimen for children under 4 years old is as follows:

taking anti-shock and antipyretic drugs with a dosage corresponding to the child's age;
intravenous administration of solutions to normalize the electrolyte balance in the child's body;
taking hormonal drugs to improve hemodynamics;
anticonvulsants are prescribed as needed;
in critical situations, tracheal intubation is performed.

Therapy for children over 3 years old

drugs Droperidol and Aminazine are administered intravenously according to the instructions;
saline solutions are poured using a dropper to prevent dehydration and normalize electrolyte levels;
cardiotonics normalize the work of the cardiovascular system;
hormonal agents;
the anticonvulsants Diazepam and Seduxen are used for treatment only when needed.

The consequences of hyperthermia

Thickening of the blood. It occurs due to a lack of fluid, leads to heart failure, thrombosis, heart attack.
Severe renal failure. In most cases, it appears under the influence of metabolic products formed in the body at high temperatures.
Respiratory failure. It is associated with changes in the region of the brain responsible for respiratory function. With hyperthermia, it manifests itself in an acute form.
Damage to the central nervous system, the main symptoms of which are: severe vomiting, fainting, impaired hearing, speech and vision.
Shock is one of the most dangerous conditions that results from dehydration. With an imbalance of electrolytes in the body, the blood supply to most internal organs is disrupted.

In the hot season, after prolonged exposure to the sun, many people suffer from high fever, general weakness, headache and vomiting. Experts consider the appearance of these signs to be the consequence of critical overheating of the body, and the disease itself is called sunstroke - the symptoms and treatment of the disease practically do not differ in an adult or a child. However, even during the cold season, there is a risk of deterioration in health, the cause of this may be heat stroke (resulting from overheating in warm clothes or stuffy room).

What is sunstroke

Parents often tell their children about the need to wear panamas in the heat, and their concern is not unreasonable. Solar overheating (a type of heat) is the result of prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. Under the influence of a high concentration of infrared radiation in the human brain, blood stagnation develops, which can provoke serious health problems. Overheating in the body accelerates the process of heat generation, but heat transfer slows down. The well-coordinated work of the body is disrupted, it is necessary to start treatment on time.

Symptoms

The severity of the disease and the rate of recovery of the body depend on the intensity and duration of exposure to infrared rays. In addition, the symptoms of sunstroke can be aggravated by high humidity and ambient temperatures above 25 degrees. Scientists have shown that the elderly and young children (under 2 years old) are more susceptible to overheating than others. The risk group also includes patients with brain diseases, disorders of the cardiovascular system and people who are intoxicated.

Signs of heat and sunstroke are similar in children and adults, but if, with thermal overheating, the ailment recedes earlier and easier, then when exposed to infrared rays, the symptoms differ depending on the form of the course of the disease:

Signs of sunstroke

The sooner a person or those around him notice signs of deterioration, the easier it will be to get rid of the consequences or prevent them altogether. With prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the skin, because a change in their color and temperature may indicate overheating. With a skin burn, pathological edema may begin, any touch often causes painful sensations. The choice of a treatment regimen depends on the presence and severity of the symptoms of the disease.

The course of overheating is often very fast and in many ways resembles the symptoms of acute cerebrovascular accident, so it is important to consult a doctor and get help at the first signs of the disease:

general weakness;
intense thirst;
feeling of stuffiness;
tachycardia;
rapid breathing;
headache.

In children

Symptoms of heatstroke in children are not much different from the signs of overheating of an adult body, but a fragile body reacts much more heavily to this condition. The mechanisms of thermoregulation in a child are not yet fully formed, therefore they cannot quickly cope with an increase in body temperature, especially in hot weather. Often, babies react to overheating with a change in mood - they become whiny, irritated, or fall into apathy, refuse their favorite foods. The child may develop nosebleeds that need to be treated symptomatically.

Development mechanism

Direct rays of the sun with prolonged exposure can provoke an increase in the release of active substances by the body, which can provoke a critical expansion of the vessels of the brain. As a result of excessive heating, the body is unable to cope with an increase in temperature using thermoregulation, blood stagnates in the brain, free radicals accumulate in tissues. If the causes of overheating are not removed in time, violations can cause serious illnesses, disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and can even lead to death.

First aid

If there is the slightest suspicion of overheating in oneself or another person, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance, and before the arrival of doctors, make every effort to cool the body. It is strictly forbidden to independently deal with the treatment of the victim, injecting or prescribing drugs for him - this can be very harmful. The main first aid for heat and sunstroke is moving a person into a shade or a well-ventilated room (preferably in a supine position).

With a long wait for medical assistance and subsequent treatment, it is necessary to provide a person with overheating with a set of special measures to reduce the critical body temperature:

soldering off the victim with cool water;
release from tight elements of clothing that interfere with breathing;
rubbing the victim with water;
moving a person to a cool bath;
covering the body with ice.

Impact consequences

Avoiding solar overheating in the sun is much easier than treating the effects. If you respond to the symptoms in a timely manner and provide first aid with high quality, the ailment will recede in 2-3 days. When superimposed on hyperinsolation signs of dehydration, it is possible for blood to thicken and accumulate blood clots, which increases the load on the heart, and this can cause a fatal attack. Damage to the respiratory center of the brain or acute renal failure is no less dangerous.

Prevention

Sunstroke - the symptoms and treatment of this ailment are known to many, but it is much better to learn how to avoid overheating in time. It is recommended to limit sunbathing in time, you should not go out in the sun from 10.00 to 16.30-17.00. This is the most dangerous time, because infrared radiation is very intense. You can reduce the risk of getting hyperinsolation by wearing light hats (panama, cap) of light, better white. Overheating treatment is much more difficult than timely prevention.

To avoid thermal overheating, you need to adhere to several rules:

limiting the period of stay in the heat (adults 1-2 hours in a row, children up to 60 minutes);
plentiful drink;
decreased physical activity (especially in high humidity and ambient temperatures).

Seizures in the corners of the lips of a child causes and treatment komarovsky

Overheating in a child, symptoms and treatment how long the temperature lasts

Going for a walk with your baby, you should look out the window to assess the weather outside. Having a panama hat, cap or scarf on your baby's head will not guarantee that you will be able to avoid heatstroke. Heatstroke itself in a child may be due to the fact that the child is too warmly dressed. How to avoid heatstroke?
2. Symptoms of heatstroke
3. First aid
4.Media and heatstroke

An extra jacket or wearing a synthetic T-shirt can provoke heatstroke, despite the fact that the baby's head is hidden from direct sunlight. Therefore, before you go for a walk, when the air temperature is 35 degrees and above, think about what you are putting on your baby.

It is better to give preference to loose clothing made from natural materials, the same cotton, bright colors, and do not forget about the headdress. In our stores there is a wide variety of hats for children. You should stop your choice on those who cover the whole head, if possible with a visor.

Drinking plenty of fluids in hot weather helps to restore lost fluid. Do not force your child to eat in hot weather. In general, the child does not need to be forced to eat or finish something. It is also a delusion that if the child is allowed to eat only what he wants, he will only eat sweet. The child will ask for food when he wants to, and then the unloved cereals, soups and vegetables will be eaten with great appetite.

Try to give lighter food in hot weather, then the baby will digest it more easily and quickly receive the required amount of energy.

Do not overfeed - this can also cause heatstroke. The child himself will let you know when he is full, and this can happen after a third spoonful of porridge or soup. The reason for this is the hot weather, you do not need to force him to finish the full portion. How often in hot weather do you personally feel hungry? The child feels the same.

Heatstroke symptoms

How to recognize heatstroke, especially if a child is not yet 3 years old and cannot express in words that he is feeling bad? However, the symptoms of heatstroke in children, as well as solar heatstroke, can be easily identified:

The child is lethargic
Refuses food, including those foods that he loves most (chocolate or other favorite sweets).
Yawns very often
The baby's body temperature rises extremely quickly (in some cases, it can reach 40 degrees)
Red spots on the body also indicate overheating
Convulsions (in this case, CALL A DOCTOR URGENTLY !!!)
Nausea and diarrhea
Fainting

The worst thing about heatstroke is that the baby very quickly loses fluid, complete dehydration of the body can occur in 3 hours, and in the case of diarrhea or vomiting even earlier. Fatal cases are rare, but nevertheless they are. Not all moms can boast of a diploma of a professional doctor or nurse, so in any case it is necessary to call an ambulance, only a doctor can determine the severity of heatstroke.

If necessary, the child can be taken away by ambulance. Do not refuse hospitalization. Heatstroke is dangerous precisely for its consequences, which, after a visible improvement in health, can manifest themselves in the worst form.

At the same time, you do not need to be a professional doctor to determine all these symptoms and signs in case of heatstroke in a child. It is important to know what first aid needs to be provided to the baby.

First aid

The very treatment of heatstroke in children can only be carried out by hospital doctors, especially since the treatment involves the use of certain drugs that can only be prescribed by a doctor. But what you really need to know is what first aid you can provide to your child.

1. Remove the child from the sun as quickly as possible.

Build an awning from a towel, if you are on the beach, take the child to the shade, take to the hotel room, but isolate the child from the sun.

2. undress the child

Lay it on its side so that the child does not suffocate if he vomits. You can wipe the child with a damp cloth, all the folds on the neck, arms, legs, face. Compresses can be made. DO NOT use ice or water that is too cold for wipes or compresses. WARM water ONLY. Treatment of heatstroke in children

3. Give plenty of drink

The more the child drinks, the better for him. Do not allow drinking in large sips. The ambulance crew will most likely give an injection of saline solution, but until that time, we need to somehow stretch it out. Therefore, it is necessary to give plenty of drink if the child is conscious.
You should not rely on your own strengths and believe that you are able to treat heatstroke in a child yourself.
On your own, you can only determine the signs of heatstroke in a child and provide first aid, but curing this on your own is quite problematic due to the lack of skills and knowledge. Giving a child advertised medicines is dangerous!

Therefore, as soon as you see the first signs of heatstroke:

Take your child to the shade, preferably a cool, well ventilated area The room may have the same temperature, but due to the fan, the air is constantly circulating, which creates a cool effect.
CALL AN AMBULANCE IMMEDIATELY. No matter how expert you are, in order to provide medical assistance with the use of various drugs and medicines, you need to have special skills. In addition, heatstroke is dangerous for both adults and children. Don't waste time and call an ambulance.

Media and heatstroke

A couple of years ago, wonderful programs of pediatrician Komarovsky appeared on television. One of his programs was also devoted to heatstroke. Dr. Komarovsky himself, speaking about heatstroke in children, notes that children with fair skin and hair are most susceptible to this. Therefore, special attention must be paid to this particular category of children.

That being said, do not forget to put a panama hat or cap on your baby before going outside, even if you go out for five minutes. Heatstroke is not always the result of prolonged exposure to the sun. Please note that, in addition to mother's milk, the infant needs to be regularly given a drink, preferably plain water. Mom's milk is liquid, but it is food.

Do not forget these simple rules when you go out with your baby and do not get sick. Every little child is a miracle, and our task is to grow from this miracle a healthy, strong and intelligent person, a son or daughter, future mother and father.

What is heatstroke?

Heatstroke causes

Symptoms in children at different ages

Signs in babies

Symptoms in children over a year old

First aid for symptoms

Heatstroke treatment

How to help a baby?

Treatment of kids 2-3 years old

Therapy for children over 3 years old

The consequences of hyperthermia

Development mechanism

Causes

Symptoms

In babies

In children over a year old

In adults

Severity

First aid

Effects

Prevention

Conclusion

What is heat and sunstroke?

Overheating reasons

The main signs of heatstroke

The main symptoms of sunstroke

Symptoms of heat exhaustion and heatstroke in the comparison table:

First aid for overheating

10 main rules for the prevention of heat disorders

What is sunstroke

Symptoms

Signs of sunstroke

In children

Development mechanism

First aid

Impact consequences

Prevention

Heatstroke symptoms

First aid

1. Remove the child from the sun as quickly as possible.

2. undress the child

3. Give plenty of drink

Therefore, as soon as you see the first signs of heatstroke:

Media and heatstroke

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