Mikhail Lermontov: verse - in deeply tested Daryala .... Mikhail Lermontov - Tamara: verse in that tower high and cramped
By 2020, in Jedda, located in Saudi Arabia, the highest building in the world should be built. The future skyscraper tower is given the name "Kingdom", and its height will be 1600 meters. According to preliminary estimates, at least 30 billion dollars will be spent on the project. The possible infrastructure of the future building remains secret, but, no doubt, there will be both offices and apartments, and entertainment centers. Below is the rating of the highest buildings of the world with the architectural type "Tower". For understanding - the greatest height in the world has a building like "Skyscraper" "Burj-Khalifa", 828 meters.
The first place in this rating is quite controversial. " Heavenly tree "Tokyo by type is a radio, but at the same time it is considered the highest TV in the world in the world, experts believe that in principle design features do not interfere with this architectural miracle of the tower. The height of this giant is 634 meters, and the Tower began to be operated in 2012. During construction in Japan, a number of strong earthquakes were held, the amplitude of which reached 9 points, but the "heavenly tree" perfectly coped with the first serious test for seismic resistance.
2nd place 
Tenerbashnya " Guangzhou "Located in China, has the structure of the hyperboloid tower and a height of 600 meters. The opening of this high-altitude structure was held in 2009, and was timed to the opening of the Asian Games 2010. The design decision of the TV bashney corresponds to the development of the Russian engineer Shukhov, in 1899 patented a hyperboloid type of structures. Excluding underground rooms has 37 floors.
3rd place 
Canadian television tower " Si En Taer "He has a height of 553 meters and built in 1976. This is a grand constructions from reinforced concrete structures in Toronto. Only 3 years left for the construction of the tower, while it has a high degree of security and is able to withstand the wind, reaching the speed of 420 km / h. The number of floors of this building excluding underground rooms is 147.
4th place 
Located in Moscow Ostankino tower With a height of 540.1 meters, ranks fourth ranking. The construction of this facility ended in 1967, seven years of work. In addition to the main direction of exploitation of the Tower - TV and Radio Broadcasting, meteorological observations and research are undergoing. The number of floors of the Ostankino tower is approximately 120, the design is made of reinforced concrete materials.
5th place 
TV tower " Eastern Pearl "Located in Shanghai in China, has a height of 467.9 meters. He began its exploitation since 1994 after four years of construction work. Number of floors - 14, the tower is used to provide television broadcasting and entertainment tourist purposes.
« Bird Milad. ", The concrete tower with a height of 435 meters, is the highest in Iran. It provides television and broadcasting, telecommunications, serves as one of the Iranian tourist symbols, located in Tehran. The construction of the tower took 11 years, in 2007 its operation began. Number of floors - 12.
« Menara Kuala Lumpur "- a concrete tower located in the capital of Malaysia, which has been operating since 1996. The height of the building is 421 meters. The tower serves for television broadcasting. Construction continued for almost five years, and was divided into four conditional phases. For various reasons, the tower is often closed for tourists, which is pretty badly affected by its profitability.
Concrete Tower in Tianzin At an altitude of 415.2 meters is the eighth in the ranking of the highest towers of the world. Used to install transmitters and observation. The beginning of the operation of the construction was 1991.
In the deep tesnin Daryaal,
Where the trees rushes in the MGL
The old tower was standing
Chernoi on a black rock.
In that tower high and cramped
Queen Tamara lived:
Beautiful as angel heavenly
As a demon, cunning and evil.
And there through the fog of midnight
Brightened light gold,
He threw a traveler into the eyes,
He was on the rest of the night.
On a soft fluff bed
In the passage and pearls removed,
She was waiting for a guest ... Synes
Before you two wine cups.
Woven hot arms,
Mouth adhere to the mouths
And strange, wild sounds
All night disappeared there:
As if in that tower empty
One hundred young worms and wives
Missed to the wedding night,
On the trianu of big funerals.
But the morning is shiny
Threw your ray in the mountains,
Instantly and darkness and silence
Again rejoiced there.
Only Terek in the cramps of Daryala,
Rod, violated silence,
Wave on the wave rid
The wave chased the wave.
And with crying a lackless body
Hurry up they carry.
In the window then something Belelo,
Sounded from there: Sorry.
And it was so gentle farewell,
So sweet that voice sounded
As if delighted date
And lovely love promised.
Lermontov, 1841.
The poem is based on people's Georgian legend about Queen Daria, which lived in the old tower on Terek, lured to himself on the night of travelers, killed them in the morning and threw the corpses in Terek. Name Queen Darya is not in Georgian history. This name arose, probably from the name of the Darialya Gorge, where the legendary castle was located, or from rapprochement with the name and appearance of Queen Daredzhan, who lived in the XVII century. Lermontov heard such a legend's version in which the name Daredzhan was replaced by the name popular in Georgia queen Tamara, Shot Rustaveli's poem "Vityaz in Tiger Shkure".
In the deep tesnin Daryaal,
Where the trees rushes in the MGL
The old tower was standing
Chernoi on a black rock.
In that tower high and cramped
Queen Tamara lived:
Beautiful as angel heavenly
As a demon, cunning and evil.
And there through the fog of midnight
Brightened light gold,
He threw a traveler into the eyes,
He was on the rest of the night.
On a soft fluff bed
In the passage and pearls removed,
She was waiting for a guest ... Synes
Before you two wine cups.
Woven hot arms,
Mouth adhere to the mouths
And strange, wild sounds
All night disappeared there:
As if in that tower empty
One hundred young worms and wives
Missed to the wedding night,
On the trianu of big funerals.
But the morning is shiny
Threw your ray in the mountains,
Instantly and darkness and silence
Again rejoiced there.
Only Terek in the cramps of Daryala,
Rod, violated silence,
Wave on the wave rid
The wave chased the wave.
And with crying a lackless body
Hurried to carry;
In the window then something Belelo,
Sounded from there: Sorry.
And it was so gentle farewell,
So sweet that voice sounded
As if delighted date
And lovely love promised.
Analysis of the poem "Tamara" Lermontov
Tamara became one of Lermontov's recent works. He was inspired by the recent (in 1837) journey through the Caucasus. It is believed that the poems are based on folk legends and legends of this edge.
The main heroine is a demonic seductive of Tamara. Her love is deadly, she foreshadows defeat death. The environment where the action is deployed, the fear causes fear and makes doubt the reality of what is happening. It is here that Tamara is waiting for his beloved.
She is a collective image of all evil sorcerers from folk fairy tales and legends. A wonderful voice, like a siren, puts the random travelers, envelops and burns them. She is not interested in wealth or other material values. With his victims, the queen holds an unforgettable night of love, and in the morning throws them with a high cliff. The poet describes the gloomy details of Tamara's gloomy details in a very detailed details: "I was removed into the passage and pearls," I met his gloomy eunuch. "
The Queen is tied to its random guests, farewell to them is described by the author in contrasts, to transfer completeness of the situation and tragedy. The raging river Terek takes a hopeless body, while the queen is defeated about the last love and gentle promises. Love her devoid of sensual content, she is only interested in its own egoism and admoniming themselves. This is the entire demonism of its character.
The work resembles a fairy tale and in the method of presentation. Lermontov uses structures characteristic of folklore or folk art:
"In that tower high and cramped
Queen Tamara lived. "
This entry is clearly reminiscent of the fabulous zinch "lived-had". The author uses such revolutions to make a narrative of greater mystery and mystical. The poet stops in detail on the actions that takes place at night in the tower. Exactly selected epithets transmit all sensuality and eroticism of the situation: "Strange, wild sounds", "One hundred boys of arms and wives."
It is believed that the work is based on the People's Georgian folklore. However, such a legend of Tamara or other mention of it - does not exist. Some literary critics agree that the MiF was based on Cleopatra, from the story of Pushkin, Egyptian Nights. The plot of both works largely coincides. Whatever the original source is, this does not detract from the author's merit in the accuracy of the demonstration of Tamara, its fascinating sensuality, beauty and, at the same time, tragidity.
Tamara Mikhail Lermontov
In the deep tesnin Daryaal,
Where the trees rushes in the MGL
The old tower was standing
Chernoi on a black rock.In that tower high and cramped
Queen Tamara lived:
As a demon, cunning and evil.And there through the fog of midnight
Brightened light gold,
He threw a traveler into the eyes,
He was on the rest of the night.On a soft fluff bed
In the passage and pearls removed,
She was waiting for a guest ... Synes
Before you two wine cups.Woven hot arms,
Mouth adhere to the mouths
And strange, wild sounds
All night disappeared there:As if in that tower empty
One hundred young worms and wives
Missed to the wedding night,
On the trianu of big funerals.But the morning is shiny
Threw your ray in the mountains,
Instantly and darkness and silence
Again rejoiced there.Only Terek in the cramps of Daryala,
Rod, violated silence,
Wave on the wave rid
The wave chased the wave.And with crying a lackless body
Hurried to carry;
In the window then something Belelo,
Sounded from there: Sorry.And it was so gentle farewell,
So sweet that voice sounded
As if delighted date
And lovely love promised.
Analysis of the poem of Lermontov "Tamara"
Many amazing impressions gave Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov a trip to the Caucasus in 1837. For a long time, the poet was addressed to the topic of the mountain legends in his work. A bright example is the poem "Tamara", dated 1841.
This product consists of 12 stanf-quarters. All of them have a cross rhyme of the type of abab. The author acts as a narrator. The poem is written by measured amphibrachism, which gives it similarity with fabulous mess.
Tamara really resembles a fairy tale. It uses lexical structures characteristic of folk works. Here, for example, as the author introduces the reader with heroine:
In that tower high and cramped
Queen Tamara lived:
Beautiful as angel heavenly
As a demon, cunning and evil.
Such a stained resembles a typical fabulous "lived-was."
Even the scenery themselves, in which the action unfolds, create the impression of the unreality of what is happening. We see the Grozny Mountains, rapid river stream. The feeling of danger is intensified due to alliteration: "black on a black cliff".
The heroine of the work - Queen Tamara, waiting for his victims in the night of silence, is the embodiment of the image of the evil sorcerer from folk legends. In the dark, she lights a fire that attracts fallen by travelers, and turns out a lengthy song, as well as the mythical sirens or insidious sorceresses from fairy tales. However, unlike Baba-Yagi or Witches, Brothers Grimm, Tamara lures the wanderers in order to eat them. She lures men for the night of love, and then kills them, dropping from the cliffs.
The image of the sorcerer is supplemented with characteristic details. For example, she owns indispensable treasures:
On a soft fluff bed
In the passage and pearls removed ...
She has and minions:
I met his gloomy eunuch.
Depicting the acts that occur in the Tamara tower, the poet uses epithets filled with eroticism: "Strange, wild sounds", "hot arms", "One hundred young worms and wives".
But in the morning the spell is disperse, and the sounds of the past night dissolve. The unfortunate traveler dies, falling from the rock. The author reports that the queen says "sorry" to the trail by the water of the river the river. Maybe she sincerely grieve about him? Maybe there was a terrible curse over the tower, which tries to Tamar for loneliness, and her guests are to death? The reader will never know it. Unless he, checking the legend, will not go to Castle Daryala and will not hear the charging voice of the queen.
It is believed that this work is inspired by the ancient legend of the beautiful and insidious Georgian queen, but the local folklore never existed for the heroine named Tamara. The poverty of the myth of the queen Cleopatre, stated in the story of the "Egyptian Nights", is guessed in the poem, A. S. Pushkin. But it does not matter what the source of the work is. In any case, the merit of Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov, which the poetry and sensual beauty attached to this legend is undoubted.