Xylophone - musical instrument - history, photo, video. Difference between xylophone and metalfon musical instrument Metallone

Xylophone - ancient shock musical instrument, whose history goes into a deep past. But even today, the simplest tools of this type are found among the peoples of Africa, Latin America, as well as Southeast Asia.

For many years, xylophone was a pretty primitive tool, which was very easy to build on his own: wooden bars bind to the chain and placed on a flat surface. With the help of sticks, the sound was removed. Especially convenient was such a tool for stray musicians.

Wands for playing on xylophone can be with spherical tips (lowers) or special hammers similar to small spoons (these hammers are called "goat legs").

Various options for xylophone existed in many years in many cultures.

This is a large homemade xylophone

Cheerful xylophonist is our time

But the xylophone of the people Bawa (Mali)

Tool name

The name of the instrument in different languages \u200b\u200bsounds almost the same and translated from Greek means: xulon - "Tree, Wood" + Ponn - "Sound".In Italian - Xilofono., in French - Xylophone.

Tool history

As we said, xylophone is the simplest ancient musical instrument. But if we talk about his modern version, then in this form it became known in Europe from the XV -XVI centuries, although I remained an uncomplicated tool until the musician M. Guzikov drew attention to him. Here it should be told about it.

Mikholel Iosf Guzikov (1806-1837)

Mikholel Iosf Guzikov - Belarusian and Jewish xylophonist virtuoso. He created the classic model of this tool and one of the first became a solo performer on it.

A future musician in the family of poor musicians was born. In childhood, he was taught the play on Flute and Dulcymers (tool of the genus of cymbal). He often acted as a street musician, but suffered a heavy illness, which gave complication on the light - the brass instruments became unavailable to him. A young musician played first in the Belarusian folk instrument, which was a semblance of xylophone, and then began to improve this tool. Essentially, he created a modern model of a four-rowed xylophone with a volume of two and a half octave of the chromatic range.

Xylophone improved by M. Guzikov

He achieved this skill of execution on this instrument, which began to give solo concerts. The speeches of Guzikov in 1834 in Kiev, Moscow, Odessa used so very popular that the next year Polish violinist Karol Lipinsky and the poet Alfons Lamartin helped him organize tour in Paris, Prague, Frankfurt, Vienna and other European cities.

Usually, M. Guzikov performed in a traditional Jewish costume, the game accompanied the ensemble of his relatives, and these concerts had a huge success. They performed folk Jewish melodies, their own transcriptions of Worker Worker, Paganini and other famous composers.

But, unfortunately, weak health did not allow a talented musician to continue speaking - he died from tuberculosis aged 31 years.

The xylophone model created by the cylinder was used for several decades practically unchanged. Thanks to him, the xylophone was able to become a full-fledged tool for classical music.

Modern xylophone

Impact impact musical instrument xylophone It began to turn on the orchestra from the XIX century. It consists of a set of chromatically tuned wooden panels from cock, walnut, fir, rosewandra or ate in the amount of about 40, located in 4 vertical columns on the harnesses of straw, rogers or rubber, non-devastating themselves.

During the game, the xylophone is placed on a special table, which is sometimes equipped with resonators - copper sleeves of different magnitudes, suspended under the bars - the sound of xylophone becomes more singers.

Currently, keyboard-like tools with pars, located in 2 rows, like the piano key like the piano key. The sound is extracted by two colored chopsticks with thicketers at the ends ("goat legs"). The timbre of xylophone is a ring-piercing, pitching, and in the upper case - dryish.

Xylophones are of different sizes, their range can be from 1.5 to 3.5 octave. The range of keyboard-like xylophone is F-C4 or C1-C4.

Using xylophone

Xylophone is used as an orchestral and solo tool. It is noted in a violin veneer, in the score of his party is located under the batch of bells and above the party of the Cheeseta.

Currently, the symphony, pop, popular, brave, Big Band and other orchestras include xylophone in their composition. There are even orchestras consisting only of drum tools, including xylophones. For example, mARIMBA MIX Ensemble from St. Petersburg.

Various musical genres also do not cost without this tool - folk, Latin American, classical music, regteps, musical, jazz, even rock, etc.

Many composers used xylophone in their writings: D. Shostakovich in the Ballet Suite "Golden Age", A. Khachaturian in the ballet "Gayane" (the famous dance with sabers), I. Stravinsky in the ballet "Parsley", V. Oransky in Ballet "Three fat man ", D. Klebanov in the ballet" Aistenok "and others.

Xilophone, though a fairly simple tool, but boldly declares itself and how the soloing, the works of great composers written for other tools are perfectly sounded in his performance. And specifically for xylophone, P. Krestov, M. De Falie, A. Khovaresis, D. Korilino, S. Slonimsky, A. Aslamas, V. Blok, J. Deleklyuz, A. Jacques, B. Moshkov, D. Paliyev, O. Chishko, E. Handjieff and many others.

Artists on xylophone

The first xylophonist-virtuoso was his creator - Mikhoel Guzikov. Famous performers on xylophone are K. Mikheev, I. Trojanov, M. Eikhorn, M. Rascatov, M. Meslovsky, V. Steimman, O. Khvedkievich, A. Emelyanov, N. Kurganova, V. Snegirev, A. Gorodnikov, to . Fashkin, T. Egorova, E. Galogen, H. Breeier, B. Becker, E. Glenni, I. Finkel, A. Poddubny, A. Retova and many others.

Alexandra Makarova

One of the most famous writings in which the xylophone is involved is the symphonic poem of Camille Saint-Sansa "Dance of Death" (1872).

Varieties of xylophone

Ethnic varieties of xylophone a lot. Almost every nation is your xylophone.

Balafon Popular in Angola, Guinea, Mali, Madagascar, Cameroon, Congo, Senegal, Gambia, Côte d "Ivoire.

Timbila - National tool Mozambique.

Mokkin- Xilophone from Japan.

Vibrafon and bells (Metallophones) - varieties of xylophone, whose sound plates are not made of wood, and from metal, all these tools combines the same structure.

Marimba- xylophone with metal resonator tubes suspended under the pars. Marimba differs from xylophone with a range and timbre, respectively, and the size of keys and resonators. Just like the xylophone, the resonator is a metal or wooden tube suspended vertically under the key. In the traditional form of the tool, this function performs a dried pumpkin.

Marimba appeared in South Mexico, then became a common tool in Africa, Central and North America. It is used mainly in academic music, most often like a solo instrument or to play in the ensemble.

Tips of sticks for playing on Marimbe wrapped woolen or cotton threads. Selection of sticks allows the musician to get a whole range of different timbres.

Tubafon - This is a xylophone, in which the lumps are replaced by tubes.

Musical instrument: xylophone

French composer K. Saint-Sans Inspired by the engravings of the German artist of the 15th century Hans Golbien, wrote a symphonic poem with a frightening name " Dance death " During the premiere execution of this work, some of the students detained from fear, as if really a terrible skeleton with hollow eyeballs in the skull and with a rusty oblique, walked a terrible dance, knocking his bones. How did the composer manage to create a terrible image and achieve such an effect? So frighteningly portray such a character to the author helped the musical instrument, whose name is xylophone.

History and many interesting facts about this musical instrument are read on our page.

Sound

To figure it out to describe the sound of xylophone, you must certainly remember the works of the Great Russian composer A. Lyadov, his symphony pictures of "Kikimor" and "Baba Yaga" where it is very expressively depicted and sinistering with the teas of terrible kimair, and a rapidly carrying witch, breaking dried branches on his way. The inclusion of xylophone into the musical palette is usually associated with a feature of the plot or peculiar experiences. Because of the dry, skipping, several bone color, the sound of this tool is wonderfully used in the visual plans. For example, a song protein of a rodent nuts, in " Tale of Tsar Saltan " ON THE. Roman Korsakov instructed the xylophone.

Sometimes the timbre color of the tool's sound brings the sullen mood, and sometimes it gives rise to intricate, ugly-comic images, or melancholy sounds in symphony №7 D. Shostakovich , in the episode "invasion".

The sound of xylophone, largely dependent on the mastery of the musician, can be very diverse: ominous, terrifying and piercing, and maybe light, affectionate and penetrating. At Forte, xylophone sounds sharply and ringing, on "Piano" - warm and velvety.

Range The sound of xylophone is quite wide - these are four octaves of musical sounds.

Photo:

Interesting Facts:

• Xylophone was very popular in the Right genre at the beginning of the twentieth century, as well as in the 70s of the last century, when the revival of the genre began.
• Until the 40s of the last century, xylophone was very actively used in jazz groups, until he replaced the vibraphone, also a xylophone appeared regularly and was very popular in American musicals in the first half of the 20th century.
• In the African state Senegal Xilophone apply in the rite of initiation of boys and girls.
• Xilophone is very often used in filmmaking for visiting movies in horror genre.

• In the African continent, in many countries, xylophone is recognized as a national instrument, it is played in groups, sometimes up to six tools, and on holidays, and at the funeral.
• The xylophone is actively used in the voicing of animated films, an example is the popular cartoon series "Flinstone".
• In the peoples of Africa, there are very many varieties of xylophone, for example, there are xylophones giants, which simultaneously play 4 people.
• The famous Xylophonist Green George Hamilton was instructed to voice a moving crew on their tool in the first three cartoons of Walt Disney.
• The largest gaming xylophone is 8 m long, 2.5 m in height and 2 m wide, it was made by B. Mozamoto from Indonesia in 2009. His weight was 3168 kg.
• In many African countries, xylophone use for practical purposes: they scare monkeys, birds and other pests of the gardens.

• The largest ensemble of xylophonists consisted of 1223 participants and spoke at the Maue Stadium Tondano in Indonesia at the Festival of Culture and Art on October 31, 2009.
• Ed Norvo was not only a popular actor, but also a famous xylophonist, who was one of the first to introduce xylophone in jazz.
• The American rock band "Violent Femmes" in 1982 recorded a clip in which xylophone was the main tool.
• In Asia, empty pumpkins are used as a resonator for xylophone.
• In the Opera Teater, xylophone was first used in opera "Hansel and Gretel" E. Hamperdinka in 1893.
• The hammers that are played by xylophonists are affectionately called "goat legs".
• For orchestras or individual instrumentalists, xylophone manufacturers make tools of different sizes - from small piccolo to large bass models.

Works for xylophone

A. Khovaresis - fantasy on the topics of Japanese engravings for xylophone with orchestra (listen)

E. Glenni - Concertino for xylophone with orchestra

Kysylofon design

A modern xylophone is a tool with a fairly simple design consisting of a frame, on which two rows of wooden bars are fixed, laid as the piano keys and having a certain sound. The bar in short, the sound is higher and vice versa. Each key (bar) lies on a special soft gasket, which is made of foam rubber.

The xylophone keys are cut out of pink wood, alder, rosewood, maple, nuts that are kept for two years, then carefully handled. The keys have a standard size - 3.8 cm in width and 2.5 cm in thickness, the length depends on the height of the sound. Then they are laid out at a certain distance and fasten with cords. Under the keys are placed special metal tubes, the role of which increase the volume of the sound. These are tubes - resonators that give the sound volume and make it brighter and saturated. They are very carefully processed and configured into the plate tone.

The artist when playing usually uses thin wooden sticks, similar to small spoons having plastic, rubber or wooden tips. The sticks are usually two, but depending on the professionalism of the musician there may be 3 or 4. The xylophonist chooses wands and tips most suitable to the nature of the music, to play a certain sound mood.

The tool for professional performers, as a rule, is located on a special stand, the level of which varies depending on the position of the artist - sitting or standing.

Varieties of xylophone

The xylophone family is very large and varied - this is one of the most famous ethnic musical instruments. Each people have their xylophone. In the African, Asian and American continents, xylophones exist in many different forms and with a large number of names. Here is some of them:

• Balafon Popular in Angola, Guinea, Mali, Madagascar, Cameroon, Congo, Senegal, Gambia, Côte d "Ivoire.
• Timbila - National tool Mozambique.
• Mokkin - Xilophone from Japan.
• Marimba - Very common in Mexico and Central America.
• Vibrafon Both bells (metal phones) - varieties of xylophone, whose sound plates are not made of wood, and from metal - all these tools combines the same structure.

Application

A very long time, xylophone was used only in folk music, but after significant transformations, its use has grown significantly. Many orchestras are symphonic, pop, folk, brave, Big Band include the work of Xilophone adorns its sound. There are also ensembles that include only percussion instruments and xylophones, including. Today, these self-sufficient sound drum tools, their extraordinary sound, encourages musicians to form groups in which the performers play only on such a group of instruments, among these it should be noted the ensemble MARIMBA MIX from St. Petersburg.

Currently, xylophone is used in various musical genres - this is a folk, Latin American, classical music , Right, Music, jazz , sometimes even rock and others.

The visual sound of xylophone was used in their writings, many composers: D. Shostakovich In the ballet suite "Golden Age", A. Khachaturian In the ballet "Gayane" ( famous dance with sabers ), I. Stravinsky In the ballet "Petrushka", V. Orange in the ballet "Three fathers", D. Klebanov in the ballet "Aistenok" and others.

Xilophone can often be heard on stage as a soloing tool, and here the performers are very lucky, as the masterpieces of great composers are perfectly sound, written for violin, flutes, piano. But still the xylophone has not been ignored. P. Krestrov, M. De Falie, A. Khovaresis, D. Korilino, S. Slonimsky, A. Aslamas, V. Blok, J. Deleklyuz, A. Jacques, B. Moshkov, D. Paliyev, O. Chishko, . Handgeiyev and many others composed their works for him.

Famous performers

The execution of virtuoso works on xylophone is available only to truly talented performers. The first virtuoso - a musician who has fully revealed the technical and expressive opportunities of the instrument, and also seriously influenced the next generation of performers, his creator, M. Guzkov

The successful development of the action on xylophone favored the emergence of the whole Pleiads of virtuoso musicians, among them: K. Mikheev, I. Trojanov, M. Eikhorn, M. Rascatov, M. Meslovsky, V. Steyman, O. Khvedkevich, A. Emelyanov, N. Kurganova, V. Snegirev, A. Ogorodnikov, K. Fishkin, T. Egorova, E. Galoan, Red Norvo, Green D. Hamilton, H. Breeer, B. Becker, E. Glenni, I. Finkel, A. Poddubny, A. Reshettov and many others.

History

The history of xylophone began a long time ago, about two thousand years before our era. On the walls of the ancient temples there are images of people who are musical on tools resembling the type of xylophone. Art historians lead hot disputes, where the homeland of this instrument is: some consider Africa, other Asia, and others intend to prove that Latin America - on these continents found an impressive number of simplest xylophones.

There are still no certain information - it is known only that this tool appeared in the older times, and the first xylophone was simple wooden bars, which, when hitting them, published a pleasant sound for human hearing. Then the bars were certainly knitted and became musitis on them.

Various options for xylophone existed in many years in many cultures.

Vintage frescoes show that the tool hit the European continent in the 15th century, but did not receive much spread, remaining mainly to the tool of wandering musicians. The design of xylophone of that time was pretty simple and represented interconnected lines of different lengths that were quickly unfolded on a flat surface. They played on it with the help of sticks that were made from a drill tree in the form of small spoons. The sound capabilities of xylophone were very limited.

Only in the first half of the 19th century the design of the tool has undergone fundamental changes. A significant transformation of Xylophone is obliged to Belarusian Cimbalist M. Guzikov, which increased the range of the instrument to two and a half octaves of the chromatic sound, adding the number of plates and placing them in a certain order in 4 rows. The appearance of the tool changed, the sound became the most saturated and enjoyable, since the sound plates were placed on the straw tubes, which performed the role of a sound resonator. This design has become the basis of the current xylophone and was used in the future for a hundred years.

After significant changes in the design, the composers and musicians professionals paid special attention to the instrument. Xilophone entered the symphony orchestra, and later entered the concert stage, becoming a soling tool. Problems with a repertoire for solo performances of xylophonists were solved in a certain way: various transcriptions and transcription of popular works were made.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the design of xylophone has undergone a number of significant changes, it transformed into a two-rowed one. The bars are located as the piano keys, the range increased by half the octave, which increased the capabilities of the tool and made an almost all violin repertoire affordable for execution.

Xylophone - This is a very significant and favorite tool around the world. Music enthusiasts hope that the popularity of xylophone will grow from year to year, and it will undoubtedly be a valuable member of the orchestra due to its unique sound. He constitutes the world cultural heritage and marching with a man through time, bringing joy and peace to his life.

Xylophone

It is quite obvious that the first musical instruments of the baby should be as simple as possible and affordable. Take at least a drum, maracas or dulls, the game of the game on which even a two-year-old carapez. However, with their help, it is hardly possible to enjoy the child to the world of art. Another thing is xylophones and metalophones, where each plate corresponds to a specific note. Both of these tools have characteristic features, which will be discussed in our article.

Definitions

Xylophone - Immediate musical instrument of the shock group. It consists of a number of chromatically tuned wooden storage rooms with different lengths. Plates are fixed on the stand and are configured to certain notes. Xilophone is common worldwide, but has acquired the greatest popularity in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. To remove the sound from the strokes, it is necessary to hit with special wooden hammers or chopsticks with spherical tips, which are attached to the tool. The first mention of xylophone date back to the XVI century. At that time, the instrument was a pretty primitive device consisting of two dozen wooden plates connected with each other. To remove the sound, they had to be laid on a flat surface. Due to the convenience of transporting the tool was actively used by stray musicians. The improvement of xylophone was in the 1830s.

Glockenspiel - Impact musical instrument. Consists of a series of plates fixed in horizontal order around the perimeter of a wooden case. To remove the sound, it is necessary to hit with special chopsticks or hammers. The tool received its name due to the material from which the plates are made. Obviously, we are talking about metal, in most cases - brass or bronze. The progenitor of the modern musical attribute became the glooshpil who came from Asia, which was based on bells. In the XIX century, they were replaced with metal plates.

Comparison

As can be seen from the above definitions, the main difference between musical instruments is concluded in the material manufacturing material. Xylophone consists of a row wooden storage. The plates of the second tool are performed exclusively from the metal. This explains their loud and ringing sound. Xilophone plays much quieter and more interesting. As a result of the strike on the plates, a wooden hammer can be heard deaf, but quite pleasant sounds, not cutting hearing. If we talk about a professional instrument, then in the fort, its timbre is sharp and clicking, and the piano is a soft and bullous. A similar sound gives xylophone a special charm.

Both tools under consideration are divided into two main types. Diatonic xylophones and metal products consist of one row of plates repeating the location of the white keys on the piano. Similar simple tools are often used as toys for children and are performed in the appropriate design. Chromatic type musical attributes have a more complex device and deep sound. The plates in them are located in two rows by analogy with white and black piano keys. The possibilities of such tools are much wider, however, it will be much more difficult to master them. Another difference of xylophone from the metal fonder is that the first is often involved in the symphony orchestra. His parties are included in the works of famous composers. Metallophone is considered predominantly amateur and even a children's instrument. While the bells related to him are often present in the orchestra.

Let's summarize what is the difference between xylophone and a metal fond.

Xylophone Flight FX-12R need to buy each kid or an adult, a xylophone is made of wood, and unlike the metal phones has an unusually pleasant sound!

Xylophone as the first tool for the baby - an excellent choice!

The melodious sound of xylophone will deliver the baby and parents enjoyment, the learning process is very simple and accessible, this is the perfect solution for the initial musical training of the kid. The xylophone keys correspond to the white piano keys, and the kid easily will lose a new tool - melody, piano, or synthesizer or even an accordion, playing already familiar melodies.

To teach kids, we have prepared colored keys stickers, thanks to which you can play on the method of sevenction. Stick stickers on the top of the keys, select a song, and start playing - colored notes do not require knowledge of music letters!

Xylophone - Impact musical instrument, has an ancient origin - the simplest tools of this type are found from different peoples of Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America. In Europe, the first mention of xylophone is dated the beginning of the XVI century. It is a number of wooden bars of different magnitudes configured to certain notes on which they hit with chopsticks. The tool can be used both solo and ensemble.

Specifications:

• Xylophone FLIGHT FX-12R
• Has 12 keys
• 2 sticks included
• Set of color stickers
• Composition: Wood, metal, fabric
• Streaming xylophone: from the bottom on the large keys to the upper mi on the small keys.

Before - red
Request,
Mi - yellow
Fa - green
Salt - blue,
La - blue
C - purple.

When playing xylophone, we place the large keys on the left.

Order stickers from large keys to small - blue, purple, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple, red, orange, yellow.

"Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits!"

Now you can play according to the method of "sevenctionery".

Methods "Semisweetics" for xylophone 12 keys

Large keys of xylophone placing on the left, small ones.

Large keys - low tones, small - high. The smaller the key, the higher the sound.

Height notch - On the xylophone diagram - 2 sizes of the keys, from large to small from left to right. They indicate the height of the notes. Large keys - playing in the left side of xylophone, small - in the right.

The height of the rectangle on the diagram will indicate the key-appropriate key.

Duration - The width of the keys denotes the duration of the note.

Square - half, the regquadrate is a quarter and so on. The thinner of the note, the less durability.

Exclusive method of sevenceticism, step by step.

• Learn to play according to the "Semisweetics" scheme on xylophone
• We study notes by poems
• We remember the visual matching of the melody written by color notes.
• Melodies and songs are chosen according to the repertoor of textbooks for piano for primary learning
• Go to the piano, playing familiar melodies.

From xylophone - to piano.

The xylophone keys are located as well as the piano keys, it is based on a seven-degree training techniques. We use a xylophone with color keys as the first tool of the baby, playing on xylophone according to the sevenction scheme. The bottom line is that, learning to play xylophone, the baby will easily go to the game on the piano. At the same time, it will not just learn to play, and also will know the notes, their names and location. We tried to select melodies from which traditionally start learning, so the baby will be familiar with the repertoire in advance and easily will lose the game on any instrument.

Xylophones are made of natural wood, tuned to the humidity of 40 percent, with a change in humidity it is possible a small change in the system. With increasing humidity, the system decreases, increases with a decrease. With a significant change in the system, you can independently adjust the xylophone:

• to lower the tone to pour the bottom to the bottom or make a recess in Middle parts on the bottom plane
• to increase the tone to sneak down the key Edge (on the bottom plane of the protruding parts).

FLIGHT FX-12R xylophone (12 notes)

XYLOPHONE

Ding Ding, tone tone,

Xylo-xylo-xylo-background.

Xylophone on the cabinet climbed,

He flamingo was frightened.

- You, Flamingo, Wait!

The beak is not very stucha

Better Hand take.

And you hear a gentle ringing.

Just a miracle - xylophone.

"Xilophone" translated from Greek means a singing tree. The first xylophone appeared, perhaps when a primitive man hit a stick on a dry tree and heard an unusual sound. Currently, similar simplest xylophones are found in Africa, Asia and South America. In Europe, it was delivered by the wandering musicians.

The xylophone consists of a large number of wooden brooms, emitting the sounds of different height when hitting the sounds. Bruks are made of maple, alder, nuts, sometimes from the rosewood. They have them on a wicker burning from straw, rogers or rubber. The design is usually installed on the table, sometimes resonators are fixed under the parschers - hollow metal cylinders. The sound of xylophone is crushed, dryish and clicking. It is extracted with the help of "goat legs" - wooden sticks with thickening at the ends, similar to spoons.

Sometimes instead of wooden brooms use metal. This is a metalphone or vibraphone. He has all the plates on the same level, while on xylophone, the bars corresponding to the black piano keys are slightly raised. Vibrafon is a complex design. It is located on a special three-frame table-stand, moving on four wheels. Appeared in the United States at the beginning of the XX century. Thanks to its characteristic timbre and large virtual possibilities, the vibraphone is widely used in music.

But if the keyboard mechanism like the piano is like a metalwall, then the chest tool will be. Masters made his master Auguste Muster in 1886. Playing on the challenger is more convenient than chopsticks on the metal fond. And the sound is the same gentle and ringing. During his visit to Paris, P. I. Tchaikovsky heard and was so fascinated by her magic sound, which introduced the batch of this tool into his writings: the Ballad of the "Voivode" and the "Nutcracker" ballet.

For the first time in the orchestra, Xylophone used Ferdinand Kauer in the middle of the XIX century. In the work "Seven Variations". One of the most famous compositions in which the xylophone is involved is the symphonic poem of Saint-Sansa "Dance of Death". The Russian composer of Roman-Korsakov in the "Tales of Tsar Saltan" instructed Xilophone a song "Lie in the garden, in the garden" for the image of a protein, ricking gold nuts.