How to cure bacterial infection. Bacterial infections are not a bacterial disease

Are amazing microorganisms. They surround us everywhere, and many bacteria are useful for a person. Bacteria help in digestion, absorption of nutrients, the production of vitamins and protect from. Conversely, a number of diseases undergoing people are caused by bacteria.

Bacteria caused by disease are called pathogenic bacteria, and they do it, producing poisonous substances called endotoxins and exotoxins. These substances are responsible for the symptoms that arise for diseases associated with bacteria. Symptoms range from the lungs to heavy, and some may be fatal. Let's consider 7 terrible and dangerous diseases caused by bacteria.

1. Non-crop fasci

Streptococcus Pyogenes (Streptococcus Pyogenes)

Non-necrotic fasci is a serious infection, most often caused by Piogenis Streptococcus ( Streptococcus pyogenes) - bacteria that usually colonize the skin and the throat area. They feed on the flesh, produce toxins that destroy, in particular, erythrocytes and leukocytes, which leads to the dying of infected tissue or necrotic fascous. Other types of bacteria that can also cause necrotic firecite include an intestinal wand ( Escherichia Coli.), Golden Staphylococcus ( Staphylococcus aureus.), Klebsiella ( Klebsiella.) and Klostridia ( Clostridium.).

People get this type of infection most often when bacteria hit the body through a cut or another open wound on the skin. Non-necrotic fasciys usually do not apply to person to man. Healthy people with a properly functioning immune system and observing hygiene when careing for the wound has a low risk of developing the disease.

2. Staphylococcus infection

Methicillin-resistant golden staphylococcus

Meticillin-resistant golden staphylococcus (MRS) is a form of bacteria that may cause serious health problems. These bacteria developed resistance (stability) to penicillin antibiotics, including metieticillin. MRSs, as a rule, applies through physical contact and should penetrate through the skin, for example, by cutting to cause infection.

MPZS is most often purchased as a result of staying in the hospital. These bacteria are able to adhere to various types of tools, including medical equipment. If the bacteria of MRSs get access to internal systems of the body and cause staphylococcal infection, consequences can be fatal. They are able to infect bones, joints, heart valves and lungs.

3. Meningitis

Meningococcus (Neisseria Meningitidis)

Bacterial meningitis is inflammation of the protective coating of the head and spinal cord, known as brain shells. This is a serious infection that can lead to brain damage and even death. Strong headache is the most common symptom of meningitis. Other symptoms include severity in the neck and high temperature. Meningitis is treated with antibiotics. It is very important that antibiotics begins as soon as possible after infection to reduce the risk of death. Meningococcal vaccine can help prevent meningitis from those who are most at risk of developing this disease.

Pnemokokok (Streptococcus Pneumoniae)

Pneumonia is the infection of the lungs. Symptoms include high temperature, cough and difficult breathing. While a number of bacteria can cause pneumonia, the most common cause is pneumococcus ( Streptococcus Pneumoniae.), who prefers to settle in the respiratory tract and usually do not cause infections in healthy people. In some cases, bacteria become pathogenic and cause pneumonia.

The infection usually begins after bacteria are inhaled and quickly multiplied in the lungs. Pneumococcus can also cause ear infections, nasal and meningitis infection. If necessary, most types of pneumonium have a high probability of treatment with antibiotics. The pneumococcal vaccine can help prevent the disease in people predisposed to him.

5. Tuberculosis

Koha stick (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Tuberculosis is a common infectious disease of the lungs, which usually causes bacterium - Koch stick ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis). This disease can lead to a fatal outcome without proper treatment. The infection spreads through the air when an infected man coughs, sneezes or even talks.

In a number of developed countries, tuberculosis cases increased with the increasing number of HIV infections due to the weakening of the immune system of infected people. Antibiotics are used to treat tuberculosis. Isolation that helps prevent the spread of active infection is also characteristic of the treatment of this disease. Treatment can be long, from 6 months to a year, depending on the severity of the disease.

6. Cholera

Holera Vibrio Cholerae

Cholera - intestinal infection, usually distributed with food and water infected with cholera vibrine ( Vibrio Cholerae.). Around the world is registered about 3-5 million cholera cases every year and approximately 100,000 deaths. Most cases of infection occur in areas with poor water and antisanitation. Cholera can vary from easy to severe. Symptoms of severe form include diarrhea, vomiting and cramps. The disease is usually treated by restoring water balance in an infected person. In more severe cases, antibiotics can be used.

7. Dieseneria

Shigella (Shigella)

Bacillina dysentery - inflammation of the intestines caused by bacteria from the genus of Schigella ( Shigella). Like cholera, dysentery spreads through infected food and water. Dieseneria is also transmitted by people who do not wash hands after using the toilet.

The symptoms of dysentery can vary from the lungs to heavy. Heavy symptoms include bloody diarrhea, high temperature and pain. Like cholera, dysentery is usually treated with hydration. It can also be treated with antibiotics, depending on severity. The best way to prevent the spread of Bacteria Shigell is to wash it right and dry your hands before taking food, and avoid using local water in areas where there is a high risk of getting dysentery.

Diseases caused by bacteria are considered to be the most common of all that may appear in humans. Today there are many pathologies and microorganisms provoking them. Let us consider in detail the disease caused by bacteria. A table that will be provided in the conclusion of the article will contain basic information about pathologies and pathogens.

General

Difficultive (diseases causing) microorganisms have a cell wall and a unique set of protection factors and aggression. Many people are known to such pathologies like Scarlatina, Orz, pyelonephritis, plague, salmonelles, syphilis, gonorrhea, tetanus, tuberculosis. The cause of their development is pathogenic bacteria. Diseases can proceed in different ways, have several stages, degrees of gravity. Treatment of one or another pathology is carried out on the basis of the results of the tests.

Characteristic bacteria

What is the pathogen? This is a microscopic organism, which, in contrast to prions and viruses, has the following types of bacteria:

• Non-pathogenic.
• Conditional pathogenic.
• Pathogenic.

Consider the features of bacteria provoking pathology. The negative effect of microorganisms is due to the presence of special devices of aggressive orientation. Among them, the following factors should be highlighted:

These "devices" are fully equipped with pathogenic bacteria. Examples of such microorganisms: Salmonella, Pale Treplema, Gonokokk, Luffner Bacillus. Conditional pathogenic bacteria can be in a person without provoking pathologies in normal. However, under certain conditions, they turn into malicious bacteria. Examples of such microorganisms: Staphylococcus, streptococcus, protea and some other. Conditional pathogenic elements are necessary for the body. Thanks to their presence, the balance is saved. Some intestinal bacteria are considered conditionally pathogenic. The latter category of microorganisms does not cause any negative states under any circumstances. In conclusion, there is a table of "human disease caused by bacteria". It contains provoking different infectious pathologies.

In what cases is the development of pathology?

Incubation period

It exists in every infection. In the course of it, the bacteria get used to the new place, multiply, develop. The incubation period can continue from several hours (for example, in food toxicoinfection) to several years (with mite borreliosis, lepreing). From the moment the first symptoms began to appear, we can say that pathology is fully developed. The incubation period is completed, the groups of bacteria settled in the body. With some pathologies, immunity is able to cope independently. But in some cases he needs help from outside.

How are diseases caused by bacteria diagnose?

The identification of pathologies is carried out in several ways:

Therapeutic events

Diseases caused by bacteria are treated using various antibiotics. The use of drugs is the main therapeutic method for infectious pathologies. Today there are quite a lot of antibiotic funds. The action of some can be directed against any particular group of bacteria. Other drugs have a wide range of activity. The use of antibiotics must be treated very carefully. It should be remembered that illiterate treatment (as a rule, independent, without a consultation of the doctor) can lead to severe consequences.

Antibiotic resistance

It arises from microorganisms due to their ability to mutate. Sooner or later, the bacteria develops resistance to a particular drug. Medicines cease to act - neutralize malicious microorganisms. In such cases, experts prescribe stronger drugs - the means of the next, new generation. Medicine is considered indirectly guilty in the emergence of infections that have arisen as a result of therapeutic assistance. Previously, such pathologies were called in-community (hospital). From ordinary diseases, they differ in the fact that simple (traditional) medicines do not have the necessary impact, and have to resort to stronger drugs. Relatively recently began to appear, for example, poly-resistant tuberculosis strains. Today, medicines against this disease are not so much. It is used mainly what was developed in the USSR. For a new variety of infection, these medicines do not work. Such patients become not only incurable, but is also extremely dangerous for others, since they are carriers of pathogenic bacteria.

The reasons for the development of resistance to medicines

Antibiotic resistance is considered a natural process. This is explained by the ability of microorganism, like all the lives to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. However, the rate of development of antibiotic resistance was a significant effect of the inept use of medicines. Relatively recently antibiotics were sold in pharmacies without a recipe. In this regard, many people walked and acquired medicines without consulting the doctor. As a rule, self-treatment ends after 1-3 days, when symptoms disappear. This leads to incomplete destruction of pathogenic bacteria. Some of them are eliminated, and the rest - mutates, moving to another L-form. They are distributed over the body and occupy an expectant position. If there are favorable conditions for them, they are activated. To prevent such consequences, antibiotics are assigned to courses from 5 to 14 days. Microorganisms should be completely destroyed, and not adapted to medicines.

The main problem of antibiotic therapy

Along with the pathogenic bacteria, the use of medicines are destroyed and useful microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, for example. Balance impairment can lead to the fact that conditionally pathogenic elements can turn into malicious. As one of the most common, such a disease is like dysbacteriosis. The elimination of pathology is carried out by stimulating the growth of useful microflora.

Clinical picture in infection

The first symptom is the fever. It is determined by the fact that when the wall is destroyed by the cell of the microorganism, the LPS complex penetrates into the bloodstream and reaches the hypothalamus, and then the thermoregulation center in it. As a result, the installation point displacement occurs, and the body begins to "think" what is cold. Therefore, heat production increases and heat transfer is reduced. Fever acts as a protective reaction. Temperature up to 39 degrees. Stimulates the activity of immunity. If this indicator is exceeded, the antipyretic agents are required. As such a drug, the Paracetamol medicine can act. The temperature can be indirectly reduced by antibiotics. With its decrease during the first 24-28 hours since the beginning of the reception, it is possible to conclude about the correctly selected drug. Another manifestation of the infectious process is the inxication syndrome. It is manifested by a significant deterioration in the state, a decrease in mood, apathy, muscle and articular pain. Probably nausea, vomiting. Reformed state will help the reception of a large amount of fluid (no less than two liters). Excess water will dilute toxins, reduce their concentration and output some of them with urine. These two symptoms described above are considered universal and manifest practically with all infections. All other features are determined by the characteristic features of a particular pathogen, exotoxins and other aggressive factors.

Specific infections

To them, for example, Tuberculosis should be attributed, syphilis. These pathologies are somewhat different from others. It must be said that these infections have long existed for a person and the body somewhat "used" to them. As a rule, these pathologies are not accompanied by a bright clinical picture. However, against the background of infections, specific inflammations are developing, which can be considered through a microscope. These pathologies with great difficulty are amenable to therapy. At the same time, treatment is aimed only to eliminate clinical manifestations of infection. Fully relieve the body from specific diseases is not possible today.

Activity of immunity

The protective system of the body includes two branches: cellular and humoral. The latter is necessary for the creation of specific antibodies to antigens of malicious bacteria. When penetrating the pathogenic microorganism, immune cells are met - macrophages. They destroy bacteria, studying in the process of their structure. Then they are then transferred to the central organs of the protective system. They, in turn, give a signal to generate proteins (antibodies) that will have the ability to attach to bacteria and destroy them. Created antibodies are available in the bloodstream. Cell protection of the body is built on another scheme. Leukocytes attack alien bacteria using proteolytic enzymes. Externally, they are pus. Due to the presence of these mine enzymes, it has the ability to dissolve the surrounding tissues and a breakthrough to the outside, bringing with you foreign compounds.

The state of the body after therapy

The recovery of the body can be three types: full, laboratory or clinical. In the latter case, we are talking about the absence of any symptoms that relate to pathology. Laboratory recovery is established in the case when laboratory signs are not marked. A condition in which the human body does not detect malicious microbes in the human body, provoked by pathology. Of course, not all diseases are completed by recovery. In practice, there are many cases and lethal exodus. Also, the course of pathology can be acute to go into chronic.

Finally

The above is the table. Human diseases caused by bacteria in the presented scheme are briefly lit.

Bacterial infections include a huge group of diseases, the cause of which are microorganisms - bacteria. These are small unicellular microorganisms having a solid cell wall to protect against the effects of aggressive environmental factors. Bacteria are isolated into a separate kingdom - prokaryotes, since they do not have the nucleus, their genetic material is located in cell cytoplasm. These microorganisms are the most numerous and ancient of all living beings, live almost everywhere (water, air, soil, other organisms).

Several historical facts

For the first time to see a microworld, full of living beings, in the XVII century. It was possible to the Dutch main Anthony van Lewvenguka, who was captured by grinding glass first in the world built a microscope. Considering the water from the puddles, he saw that it was full of microorganisms, and gave them the name "microscopy". The connection of microorganisms with diseases that are transmitted from one person to another, discovered the French scientist Louis Paster in the XIX century. Prior to this, it was the idea that a patient with infectious disease is a certain infectious start - Miazma. Further as the microscopic technique improves at the end of the XIX century. early XX century Scientists managed to discover the pathogens of many infectious diseases (tuberculosis, abdominal typhoid, dysentery, cholera, plague). And although the pathogens were known, but to effectively deal with bacteria, humanity could only since the opening of the English bacteriologist Alexander Fleming Antibiotic Penicillin.

Classification of bacteria

Given that the bacteria is a very large group of microorganisms, they are divided into several groups according to certain criteria.

The most important in the development of diseases caused by bacterial infection is the separation of toxins (poisons) bacteria (poisons), which have an inflammatory effect, cause intoxication of the body and damage internal organs:

• endotoxins - allocated after the death of the bacterium and the destruction of its cells (intestinal infections). The endotoxin meningococcus is most dangerous for meningococcal infection. In the event of the death of a significant amount of bacteria, the endotoxin distinguished may result in the development of infectious and toxic shock and lead to death.
• exotoxins - poisons allocated by alive bacteria in the process of their livelihoods (diphteria).

Principles of diagnosis of bacterial infections

The main method in the diagnosis of bacterial infections is bacteriological research. At the same time, a material containing bacteria is taken from the patient and falls on special nutrient media. After the growth of colonies on nutrient media (about 48 hours), bacteria are identified. The huge advantage of this method is the ability to conduct a study of the sensitivity of the dedicated bacteria to antibiotics, to appoint rational treatment. Also used:

• microscopic material research - allows you to put an approximate diagnosis in the detection of bacteria using a microscope.
• serological examination - determines the presence of antibodies in the blood to certain bacteria, the increase in the titer of antibodies indicates the presence of bacteria in the body.

Principles of treatment of bacterial infections

Treatment of bacterial infections, as well as any other disease, is complex and includes:

• etiotropic therapy - treatment aimed at the destruction of the causes of the disease - bacteria. For this, the arsenal of antibiotics is used. At the moment there are several groups of antibiotics, but the most important is their separation on bactericidal antibiotics (kill bacteria) and bacteriostatic (suppress the growth and reproduction of bacterial cells). It is very important to know, especially in the case of a meningococcal infection, the purpose of bactericidal antibiotics will lead to the mass death of meningococci and the output of endotoxins into the blood.
• pathogenetic therapy is aimed at eliminating bacterial toxins from the body, which accumulate in the process of infectious disease (disintellation). Also undergo treatment aimed at restoring damaged organs.
• symptomatic therapy is necessary to facilitate the state of the person in a bacterial infection and reduce the severity of symptoms.

At the present time, thanks to antibiotics, it is possible to heal most bacterial infections, but it is necessary to remember that the improper reception of antibiotics can lead to the development of resistance (insensitivity) in bacteria and even dependence on antibiotics.

Despite the active development of medicine, the problem of infectious, including bacterial, diseases is very relevant. Bacteria are found at every step: in public transport, at work, at school. Incredible quantities populate door handles, money, computer mice, mobile phones. There are no such places on our planet, wherever these microorganisms were. They found in the salted waters of the Dead Sea, in geysers, the temperature of which is more than 100ºС, in the ocean waters at a depth of 11 km, in an atmosphere at an altitude of 41 km, even in nuclear reactors.

Classification of bacteria

Bacteria - tiny creatures that can be seen only with a microscope, their size average is 0.5-5 microns. A common feature of all bacteria is the absence of a nucleus, attributing to prokaryotam.

There are several ways to breed them: binary division, kidding, thanks to exports or miscasses of mycelium. The useful path of reproduction lies in replication in the DNA cell and its subsequent division.

Depending on the shape, bacteria are divided into:

• cockki - balls;
• chopped;
• spirillas - convolve threads;
• vibrins are curved sticks.

Fungal, viral and bacterial diseases, depending on the mechanism of transmission and location of the pathogen, are divided into intestinal, blood, respiratory tract and external covers.

The structure of bacteria and infections

The cytoplasm is the main part of the bacterial cell, in which metabolism occurs, i.e. Synthesis of components, including those affecting its pathogenicity, from nutrients. The presence in the cytoplasm of enzymes, protein catalysts causes metabolism. It also contains the "kernel" of bacteria - nucleoid, without a certain form and externally unlimited membrane. The ingress of various substances into the cell and the output of metabolism products occurs through a cytoplasmic membrane.

The cytoplasmic membrane fits the cell shell on which the mucus layer (capsule) or flagellations that promote the active movement of the bacteria in fluids may be present.

Power supply for bacteria is a variety of substances: from simple, for example, carbon dioxide, ammonium ions, to complex organic compounds. The vital activity of bacteria also affects the temperature and humidity of the environment, the presence or absence of oxygen. Many types of bacteria for survival in adverse conditions are capable of forming disputes. Bactericidal properties that have been widely used both in medicine and in industry have increased temperature or pressure, ultraviolet radiation, certain chemical compounds.

Properties of pathogenicity, virulence and invasiveness

The pathogeneity is called the ability of a certain type of microorganisms to cause bacterial infectious diseases. However, the same type of its level can be in a wide range, in this case, they are talking about the virulence - the degree of pathogenicity of the strain. The pathogenicity of microorganisms is due to toxins that are products of their livelihoods. Many pathogenic bacteria are incapable of reproduction in macroorganisms, but they allocate the strongest exotoxins caused by the disease. Therefore, there is also the concept of invasiveness - the ability to spread in macroorganism. Thanks to the properties described above under certain conditions, highly pathogenic microorganisms can cause fatal diseases, and weak-bean bacteria simply attend the body without harming any harm.

Consider some bacterial diseases of a person whose list is too large to describe everything in one article.

Intestinal infections

Salmonelles. About 700 kinds of Salmonella kinders of Salmonella may appear in the role of the pathogen. Infection can occur with aquatic, contact-household or an alimentary way. The reproduction of these bacteria, accompanied by accumulation of toxins, possibly in various food products and is maintained with their insufficient heat treatment during cooking. Also as a source of infection can be pets, birds, rodents, sick people.

The consequence of the actions of the toxins is to increase the secretion of fluid in the intestine and the strengthening of its peristalsis, vomiting and diarrhea, which lead to the dehydration of the body. After passing the incubation period, which lasts from 2 hours to 3 days, the temperature rises, the chill appears, headache, pickled pain in the abdomen, nausea, and in a few hours - a frequent water and fetid chair. These bacterial diseases last about 7 days.

In some cases, complications may occur in the form of acute renal failure, infectious-toxic shock, purulent-inflammatory diseases or thrombotic complications.

Abdominal title and paratifies A and in. Their causative agents are S. Paratyphi A, S. Paratyphi in, Salmonella Typhi. Transmission paths - food, water, infected objects, source - sick person. A feature of the disease is a summer-autumn seasonality.

The duration of the incubation period is 3 to 21 days, most often 8 - 14, after which there is a gradual increase in temperature up to 40ºС. Fever is accompanied by insomnia, headache, lack of appetite, pale skin, roseless rash, increased liver and spleen, bloating, stool delay, less often diarrhea. Arterial hypotension, bradycardia, nonsense, inhibition also accompany diseases. Possible complications - pneumonia, peritonitis, intestinal bleeding.

Food toxicoinfection. Its pathogens are preconditional pathogenic microorganisms. The pathogenic bacteria fall into the organism of food products that are either not subject to heat treatment, or there was insufficient temperature processing. Most often it is dairy or meat products, confectionery.

The duration of the incubation period is from 30 minutes to days. The infection is manifested in the form of nausea, vomiting, a watery chair up to 15 times a day, chill, stomach pain, increase temperature. Heavier cases are accompanied by reduced pressure, tachycardia, cramps, dry mucous membranes, oliguria, hypovolemic shock. The disease lasts from several hours to three days.

Dysentery. The causative agent of one of the most common intestinal infections is the bacterium of the genus Shigella. Microorganisms fall into the body during the adoption of infected food, water, through household items and dirty hands. The source of infection is a sick person.

The incubation period can be from several hours to a week, as a rule, 2-3 days. The disease is manifested by a frequent liquid chair with impurities of mucus and blood, gravating pain on the left and lower abdomen, increasing temperature, dizziness, chills, headache. It also accommodates arterial hypotension, tachycardia, bloating, palpation of the sigmoid gut. The duration of the disease depends on the severity: from 2-3 to 7 days or more.

Escherichiosis. This disease is also called traveler diarrhea. It is caused by Escherichia Coli Escherichia COLI chopstick or enterotoxy strains.

In the first case, the incubation period lasts from 1 to 6 days. Signs of the disease are liquid stools and gravity abdominal pain, less often tenes. The time of illness is 3-7 days with low-generated intoxication.

In the second case, the hidden period can last up to 3 days, after which the vomiting begins, a frequent liquid chair, a non-permanent fever and abdominal pain. Power bacteria are largely affixed by young children. The disease accompany high temperature, fever, dyspeptic phenomena. Such bacterial diseases can be complicated by appendicitis, cholecystitis, cholantitis, meningitis, endocarditis, inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract.

Campylobacteriosis. This common infection caused by the Campylobacter fetus jejuni bacterium, the source of which many pets are. Professional bacterial diseases of a person are also possible.

The incubation period lasts 1 - 6 days. The disease is accompanied by fever, gastroenteritis, pronounced intoxication, vomiting, a rich liquid chair. In rare cases, a generalized form of illness.

Treatment and prevention of intestinal infections

As a rule, for effective treatment, hospitalization of the patient is recommended, because most of such diseases may result in complications, as well as to reduce the risk of dissemination of infection. Treatment includes several main points.

In case of intestinal infection, it is necessary to observe a gentle diet. List of allowed products: delayed intestinal motor activity and containing significant amounts of tannine - blueberries, cherry, strong tea, as well as rubber porridge, mucous soups, eggs, cottage cheese, crown, fish and meat dishes, cooked for a couple. In no case can not eat fried and fatty, raw vegetables and fruits.

With toxicoinfections, it is necessary to wash the stomach to remove pathogens from the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Disinfection and rehydration are carried out by oral administration to the body of glucose-salt solutions.

Treatment of bacterial diseases of the intestine necessarily provides for the normalization of the chair. For this purpose, the means "Indometosin" is most often used, calcium preparations, various sorbents, the most affordable of which activated coal. Since bacterial diseases accompanies dysbacteriosis, prescribe drugs for the normalization of intestinal microflora ("Linex", "Biofirdbacterin", etc.)

As for antibacterial agents, antibiotics of groups of monobactams, penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracycline, chloramphenicolov, carbapenes, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, quinolones, fluoroquosides, polymixins, quinolones, fluoroquinolones, nitrofuran, and mixed preparations of sulfanimamides can be used.

To prevent bacterial diseases of a person, a list of daily events must contain such items: compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, careful heat treatment of necessary food, washing vegetables, fruits before use, the use of boiled or bottled water, short-term storage of perishable products.

Respiratory infections

For the respiratory tract, bacterial and viral infections are most characteristic, which are usually seasonal. Bacterial and viral diseases of a person are distinguished primarily by localization. Viruses act on the whole organism, and the bacteria are locally. The most common viral diseases are ORVI and flu.

Bacterial diseases include the following respiratory tract infections:

Tonsillitis (Angina) can be caused by both viruses and bacteria - mycoplasma, streptococcus, chlamydia (A. Haemolyticum, N. Gonorrhoeae, C. Diphtheriae). Accompanied by changes in the skymnings, sore throats, chills, headache, vomiting.

Epiglottitis. The pathogens are bacteria S. Pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. aureus. For the disease, inflammation of the epiglotan is characterized, accompanied by narrowing the larynx, the rapid deterioration of the state, sore throat, fever.

Due to severe disease, there is a mandatory hospitalization of the patient.

Hymorit - Inflammation of the hymiclines, the cause of which are bacteria that penetrated the nasal cavity through blood or from the upper jaw. It is characterized first localized pain, which then distributes, turning into a "head" pain.

Pneumonia. This is a lung disease during which alveoli and terminal bronchi are affected. Pathological bacteria - streptococci, staphylococci, chlebseyella pneumonia, pneumococci, hemophilic and intestinal sticks. The disease is accompanied by a cough with mocrytes, fever, shortness of breath, chills, head and muscle pain, a decrease in appetite, increased fatigue, intoxication weakness.

Treatment and prevention of respiratory infections

In the treatment of infections, the hospitalization of the patient is carried out only in cases of severe and launched disease. The main means are antibiotics, selected individually depending on the type of causative agent of the disease. Treatment of nasopharynx can be produced using local antiseptics ("hexoral", "septifrila", "Stopangin", "Kameton", "Inhalipt"). Additionally, it is recommended to resort to inhalation, physiotherapy, respiratory gymnastics, manual therapy, thoracic massage. When using combined tools with antiseptic and anesthetic effect at the beginning of the disease (drugs from medicinal plants, "Teraflu", "Anti-Angina", "Strepsils", Novasept) Probably the absence of the need for further use of antibiotics.

The prevention of bacterial respiratory diseases includes the following activities: walking in the fresh air, respiratory gymnastics, prophylactic inhalations, unloading smoking, using cotton-gauze dressings when contacting patients.

Infections of external covers

On the skin of a person who has certain properties that protect it from microorganisms, there is a huge number of peacefully existing bacteria. In disruption of these properties (excessive hydration, inflammatory diseases, injuries) microorganisms can cause infection. Bacterial skin diseases are also occurring in the fall of pathogenic bacteria from the outside.

Impetigo. There are two types of disease: bullous, caused by staphylococcal, and neboolic, whose pathogens are S. Aulreuls and S. pyogenes.

The disease is manifested in the form of red spots, turning into bubbles and guns, which are easily opened, forming thick yellowish brown flakes.

For buncular shape, a blister is characterized by 1-2 cm. When complicated, bacterial diseases cause glomerulonephritis.

Furunkula and Carbuncules. The disease occurs with the deep penetration of staphylococci into hair follicles. The infection forms an inflammatory conglomerate, which subsequently appears pus. Typical location places of carbunculov - face, legs, back neck.

Family and cellulite. These are infections that affect leather and subject to tissues, the pathogens of which are streptococci groups A, G, C. Compared to the horny, the location of cellulite is superficial.

Typical Localization of the face - face, cellulite - caviar. Both diseases are often preceded by injury, skin damage. The surface of the skin is red, edema, with uneven inflated edges, sometimes bubbles and blisters. Related signs of illness - fever and chills.

Ryzh and cellulite can cause complications that are manifested in the form of fascia, myositis, pearcrosis of the cavernous sinus, meningitis, various abscesses.

Treatment and prevention of skin infections

Consider skin bacterial diseases of a person is recommended using local or general antibiotics depending on the severity and type of infection. Various antiseptics also apply. In some cases, their use continues for a long time, including healthy family members for prevention.

The main preventive event that warns the occurrence of skin infections is the observance of personal hygiene, the use of individual towels, as well as the overall increase in immunity.

Animal infections

It should also mention bacterial diseases of animals transmitted to man and called zooanthroponosis. The source of infection is animals both home and wild, from which you can get infected during hunting, as well as rodents.

We list the main bacterial diseases, the list of which has about 100 infections: tetanus, botulism, pastellosis, colibacteriosis, bubonic plague, sap, meloidosis, ersiniosis, vibriosis, actinomycosis.

Diseases caused by bacteria are the most common.

There are the following types of bacterial infections:

• respiratory tract;
• intestinal;
• blood;
• outdoor covers.

Bacteria and their classification

Bacteria is called microscopic unicellular organisms whose species differ in several features.

Depending on the form, known:

• cockki - have a spherical shape;
• sticks - possess a cylindrical shape;
• spioctuettes are characterized by a spiral shape.

Chopkid-shaped bacteria capable of forming heat-resistant endospores are called bacillos.

In relation to oxygen, the bacteria may be aerobic and anaerobic. The aerobic belongs to microorganisms, which require oxygen. Anaerobic refer to bacteria that do not need oxygen.

All known bacteria can be distributed into 3 groups:

• pathogenic - always lead to the development of the disease (Bacillus Luffer, Bacillus Anthracis, Salmonella, Gonococcus, Pale Treplema);
• conditionally pathogenic - live on the body or in the intestine of a person, without applying it no harm, but under certain conditions become a source of infections (intestinal wand, staphylococcus, streptococcus);
• unpactogenic - never cause diseases.

Variety of bacterial diseases

What diseases may be caused by bacteria?

List of human bacterial diseases is huge. We will list only the most common: angrint, diphtheria, scarletin, pertussus, salmonellosis, tetanus, tuberculosis, typhoid, plague, cholera, Siberian ulcers, meningitis, otitis, gonorrhea, syphilis.

Imagine in the form of a table the most commonly encountered human diseases, which are caused by bacteria, and their pathogens.

Respiratory bacterial infections

Respiratory diseases are diseases that are transmitted through the respiratory tract. Among respiratory infections are pneumonia, rhinitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, angina, or acute tonsillitis are the most common.

The pathogens of respiratory bacterial infections are pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci, meningococcus, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, a cough stick.

Causes of bacterial diseases and ways of infection

Bacterial diseases often affect people with a weakened immune system and lead to the development of infections.

The causative agents of the disease penetrate the human body in several ways:

• air-drip - through the air, this way mainly occurs the distribution of respiratory infections (diphtheria, scarletines, cough);
• dust - bacteria for a long time can be in dust, without losing its viability (diphtheria, scarletin, tuberculosis);
• contact-domestic - through everyday use objects: dishes, books, phone numbers, toys (scarlatine, diphtheria, dysentery, tuberculosis);
• alimentary, or fecal-oral - with water polluted and infected (abdominal typhoid, cholera, dysentery);
• through sexual contact - pathogens are in the body with sexual contact (syphilis, gonorrhea);
• transplascentary - Fruit contamination comes from the mother through the placenta (tuberculosis, syphilis, leptospirosis).

Is there always an infection equivalent to illness?

In order for humans, the development of the disease from pathogenic bacteria, a coincidence of several conditions is necessary:

• quite a large number of bacteria;
• the usefulness of pathogens, the presence of all pathogenic properties (weakened microorganisms that are used in vaccination will not cause the disease, but will only help develop immunity);
• bacteria getting into such a place where their development (Salmonella can live only in the gastrointestinal tract, she will die on the skin);
• unprepared or weakened immune system (if the body has developed immunity to a certain type of pathogen, the person does not get sick).

The incubation period and its feature

Any infection is characterized by the presence of an incubation period. Its duration can vary greatly: from several hours (with food toxicoiphection) to several years (with lepring, or leprosy). Throughout this time, the pathogens adapt to new habitat conditions, multiply and apply to the body. In the infectious period, no signs of the disease are not found and the person most often does not even suspect and infect.

The emergence of the first symptoms of the disease testifies to the end of the incubation period and the beginning of the disease.

How to detect bacterial diseases?

All human diseases caused by bacteria are accompanied by fever and symptoms of intoxication of the body: nausea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen, in joints and muscles, headache, apathy, general worsening of well-being.

But in addition to general features there is characteristic symptoms for each disease species.

Diagnosis of bacterial infections

To establish which bacteria are causative agents of infections, the patient is directed to the diagnosis.

For it, resort to several methods:

• microscopy with staining;
• sowing;
• analysis of antibodies and antigens;
• animal infection.

Treatment of infectious diseases

Before creating antibiotics, bacterial diseases represented a serious threat to human life. Now, with timely appeal to the doctor, it is possible to effectively get rid of cunning diseases.

Antibiotics are synthesized by vegetable and animal cells. They are used to prevent infections.

Antibiotics are divided into 2 groups:

• have bactericidal properties (tetracycline, chloramphenicol) - destroy bacteria;
• bacteriostatic action (rifampicin, penicillin, aminoglycosides) is rendered - the growth and reproduction of microorganisms will slow down.

Antibiotics are prescribed patients in tablets or injections (intramuscular or intravenous).

But before applying antibiotics, an infected person is sent to the diagnosis, to accurately establish which pathogens caused an infection and choose the optimal medicine.

With some types of bacterial diseases, the human immune system is capable of cope with independently. To combat the same dangerous pathogens, she will need help a doctor.

All patients need to drink more water (at least 2 liters per day). It will reduce the concentration of toxic substances and will bring them part with urine.

What is the danger of antibiotics?

The use of antibiotics should be approached with caution, since pathogenic microorganisms get used to them and cease to respond to them. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to stronger drugs, and over time, the varieties of bacteria occur, which completely cease to react to antibiotics.

In connection with such a situation, the appearance of infections on which standard antibiotics do not act. Previously, they were called hospital (GI) or Intra-community (VBI), and now they are referred to as infections related to the provision of medical care (ICOMP).

Is it always the treatment leads to complete recovery?

Recovery after infectious diseases can be complete, laboratory and clinical.

Complete recovery occurs in the case when all the causative agents of the disease are derived from the body.

With laboratory recovery, analyzes do not show any signs of the disease.

Clinical cure is diagnosed if there are no illness symptoms.

But unfortunately, not always the treatment ends with recovery. In some cases, the acute infectious process goes into chronic or leads to a deadly outcome.

How to prevent infectious infection?

So that the pathogens of infections do not penetrate the body, it is necessary:

• avoid contact with sick people;
• properly process food;
• carefully wash vegetables and fruits;
• make vaccination.