Family Reading Island. Scenario of the meeting of the club "Young Family
Punctuation marks on the border of articulations representing sentences (combinations of predicate type) are comma, semicolon, colon, less often a dash (or comma with a dash), brackets (about ellipsis below).
The first two are possible for articulations both non-allied and introduced by unions, the other three (except for the cases specially discussed below) are used in principle at the boundaries of non-union articulations (for a comma with a dash, see below).
A comma in a phrase separates sentences from each other, usually of a relatively small size, composed by unions or enumerated intonation; the main sentences are from subordinate clauses (regardless of the order), introduced by unions or union (relative) words. The subordinate clauses that are among the parts of the main sentences are highlighted with commas:
7. He [Nagulnov] kept speeding up his steps, in some places switching to a trot. Sweat rolled from under his hat, his shirt darkened on his back, his lips
dry, and on the cheeks an unhealthy blush appeared more and more brightly ... (Sholokh.). This autumn saws screeched, axes were tightened, age-old trees creaked in the Sutyagin forest ... and people were swarming where even the beast rarely appeared ... (Panf.). ... But the fleet still grew, my students became red commanders and ship engineers, many of them command destroyers, they have horizons, the goals of the country have become personal goals for them (Lidin). ...
2. At first I planned to arrange a room for both of us in a side wing ... but pigeons and ducks have lived in it for a long time, and it was impossible to clean it without destroying many nests (Czech). The night swelled with darkness, covered up the holey roofs of huts with darkness, rubbed the multi-colored tiles on the house of Yegor Stepanich Chukhlyav, and even the heaped straw seemed combed, smoothed ... (Panf.). Sometimes the night sky in different places was illuminated by a distant glow from the dry reed burned through the meadows and rivers, and the dark line of swans flying to the north was suddenly illuminated with a silver pink light, and then it seemed that red kerchiefs were flying across the dark sky (Gog.). The wind began to disperse the abyss, but the sun still did not know how to get to the ground (Leon.).
3. Who is not a kind of thinker in images, who
is not a person of vivid experiences, he is not an artist (Lunach.). We never ate what came out of our hands, preferring black bread to pretzels (Bitter). It was a beautiful July day, one of those days that only happens when the weather has settled for a long time (Turg.). I probably will not be able to convey quite vividly and convincingly how great my amazement was when I felt that almost every book seemed to open for me a window into a new, unknown world (Gorky). It already seemed to him [Nagulnov] that his position was not at all as irreparable and hopeless as it seemed a few hours ago (Sholokh.). As soon as Makar began to approach the horse, he shook his head briskly (Sholokh.). The thought of death came to him only at the moment when Pavel Bykov knocked him off his feet with a crowbar, but then, when he was dragged out of the crowd and brought to the hut, he no longer tried to think about death and with all his might he grabbed onto life (Panf.) ... "
4. How can you drag about through the swamps when your dress, which is not usually called by name in every speech, is being ventilated even now? (Gog.).
The crack that one of the walls of our friendly temple gave has increased, as always happens, with trifles, misunderstandings, unnecessary frankness where it was better to be silent, and harmful silence where it was necessary to speak (Herzen).
The comma, however, is not placed on the sentence boundary:
1. Before the union and, if the sentences connected as a composition are intonationally clearly parallel to each other.
Most often this happens in cases where the sentences combined in this way have any common semantic term related to both:
On the round table was a tablecloth and a Chinese device and a silver alcohol teapot (L. Tolst.); Wed: A tablecloth was laid on the round table - there was a Chinese device and a silver alcohol teapot on the round table. - The hallway smelled of fresh apples and hung wolf and fox skins (L. Tolst.). In the carriage, a soldier was driving and a woman was sitting under a leather top behind an apron, all tied with scarves (L. Tolst.). His [Chelkash] had a voluptuous mustache quivering and a spark flared up in his eyes (Gorky).
But rhythm-melodic parallelism is possible without this condition. It is relatively often observed, for example, when the union and the sentence are associated with the previous ones, accompanied by enumerative intonation, - a position in which the comma is usually felt superfluous and is not put:
The lamp smoked, the oven flap crackled from time to time and the crusts of baked bread on the shelves also crackled (Gorky).
2. Allied and subordinate sentences (if this does not have the character of listing and the corresponding intonation) since the publication of stable textbooks on the Russian language for secondary school, when the corresponding cases were first categorically settled (1933), the comma is not separated:,
The clerk got up, grunting and rubbing his hands, and said that he had no one and that he was heartily glad for this occasion to walk a little with her and was not afraid of a blizzard (Gog.). Raevsky reported that the troops were firmly in their places and that the French did not dare to attack more (L. Tolst.). She asked Genka about Moscow. He told how many cars there, how the metro was built, how everyone was in a hurry and how happy everyone was (Ehrenb.). Walter Stral reported that the lubricating oil begins to thicken from the cold at altitude and that it is necessary to descend into warmer layers of the air, otherwise two metal hearts will freeze (Lauren).
3.. In those cases when the conjunctions a, u, but, for, what, so, etc. are followed by a union if, when or although. These unions introduce subordinate clauses, with which the main ones are combined, admitting unions now and then, however. In the presence of the latter, it is clearly impossible to count a, u, but, because, what, so that ... in the leading and only the subordinate part and isolate one subordinate.
He noticed that when it comes to heroes and teachers, her face strains strangely and her blue eyes flicker, like a child listening to a fairy tale (Gorky).
Wed: "... then her face strains strangely": ... what if ... then ...
I think that if we were able to achieve some results in this direction, then, of course, they spoke out beneficially in production as well (from the speech). We did not want this and settled down like this: our legs and body were thrust into a hole, where it was very cool, and our heads were left in the sun, in the hole of the hole, so that if a block of stone above us wanted to fall, it would only crush our skulls (Gork .).
4. In cases - when the combination with a subordinate clause has actually turned into an integral speech: to achieve at all costs, to do as it should, to meet as if nothing had happened, and under:
And I cannot promise, your degree. Here is a fox - that promises you what you want, but * I - I cannot (Salt.-Generous).
A semicolon is a sign used instead of a full stop in cases where the connection between the sentences being composed (equally connected) seems to be closer than with phrase articulations, and rhythm melodic does not give, accordingly, the pattern typical for a phrase of completeness, but only approaches to a greater or lesser extent To her:
1. Blue, blue and purple hairs shone through the thin tall stalks of grass; the yellow gorse jumped up with its pyramidal top; white porridge with umbrella-shaped caps dazzled on the surface; brought in God knows where the ear of wheat was poured in the thick (Gog.). The soldiers, knee-deep in the mud, grabbed guns and wagons in their arms; whips were thrashing, hooves slipped, strings burst and strained by the screams of the chest (L. Tolst.). Several battalions of soldiers in only shirts, despite the cold wind, swarmed like white ants on these fortifications; shovels of red clay were constantly thrown out from behind the shaft by invisibly someone (L. Tolst.). - See below for more examples.
2. A bunch of young people cheerfully dragged the rattling fire pump down the street, the old men hurriedly paced; one of them, in a lilac shirt and white linen ports, gray-haired, as if silvered, and big-eyed like an owl, shouted: “This is, by all means, a blacksmith! .. (Gork.). And in fact, voices were heard below; the alarmed grandmother quickly began to ask about something (Czech). It seemed to Nadya that she was very agitated, that it was hard in her soul as never before, that now, until the very departure, she would have to suffer and painfully think; but as soon as she came upstairs to her room and lay down on the bed, she immediately fell asleep and slept soundly, with tears on her face, with a smile, until evening (Czech).
Colon is a punctuation mark used on the border between sentences, of which the second (simple or complex) is connected with the first on the basis of subordination, expressed non-union - by means of rhythm melody, with intonation of motivation, or, when transmitting direct speech, behind words, I denote who he said, he thought, and so on, - with a warning intonation:
1. ... Why, the sun is often very sad to look at people:
it worked so hard for them, and the little people did not succeed (Gork.). He is in love with the hum of meetings, with arguments, with swearing, behind which one can feel love, with stuffiness and excitement: will is born here (Ehrenb.). True, this was a very long time ago: Peka and Lexa were still running without panties, but Katai's eyes were not yet watery and in the frost he walked completely without a shirt (Panf.). He [Andrei] looked at the women with a grin, but felt some anxiety in his soul: the Cossacks were too harsh in appearance, languishing behind, behind a white chamomile field of solid women’s shawls (Sholokh.). In the spring of 1827, in one of the houses of the Viennese suburb, several music lovers were playing a new Beethoven quartet, which had just been published. With amazement and vexation, they followed the ugly impulses of a weakened genius: this is how his pen changed (V. Odoevsk). She looked up from the book, silently and questioningly looked at him: he had never seen such an insulting someone else's gaze (Konovalov). -
2. He [Gleb] went down into the weeds and saluted in joyful excitement: "Hello, Iyuela, comrades of the woman!" (Smooth.). Every time, noticing that when he appeared Marya Filippovna was wiping her eyes swollen with tears, the doctor asked carefully: “Ali, why are they sick? (Ch. Usp.).
Occasionally, there are cases where a motivating connection, usually denoted by a colon, is complicated by the fact that the first term of the phrase is interrogative and thus its tonal pattern does not coincide with the usual one with such connections (interrogative intonation partially captures the second part). In these cases, after the first (interrogative) part of the phrase, a question mark is placed, but, unlike the general rule, the second part begins not with a capital letter, but with a lowercase letter.
Why would you go far for hay? we ourselves are glad to serve your grace (folk.). Do I need to return the materials? they appear to be a copy. - But where to get the best microscope? because it is very expensive (from a pop. article). Why object? all arguments are powerless.
Wed also the case when the motivating (second) sentence is interrogative: Why are the basurman laughing? Is the undertaker a Christmas-time gaiter? (Gun.).
A similar difficulty arises in cases where the first part is an exclamation point. Usually they prefer in such phrases, while maintaining the intonation of motivation, put an exclamation mark only after the second term (at the end of the phrase): Ah, it's not difficult to deceive me: I myself am glad to be deceived! (Gun.). But practice is also possible, parallel to cases with interrogative intonation: Untie me! I will not say connected (Gorky.).
As a sign between sentences, a dash is placed in the presence of opposition, conventions of the first and under. The use of this sign refers only to cases of non-union (with the exception of the infrequently used adversary and effective and). The moment of intonation with a dash is sharply expressed:
If you like to ride - love to carry sledges (ate). To be afraid of wolves - do not go to the forest (ate). Telling him [the Cossack] to unload the suitcase and release the cab, I began to call the owner - they were silent; I knock - they are silent ... what is it? (Lerm.). But the night will frown - a fire will light up, And the juniper will crackle ... (Fet). If you say it, I will release it (Mike.). I can not carry - And I carry my load. I want to leave her - And I know, I will not! (Mayakovsk.).
The dash is also predominantly a punctuation mark of warning intonation: inference (“therefore,” “means,” “namely,” and so on.), Cases where the second part of the utterance is emphasized in intonation.
(For a colon with a warning intonation with a meaning that someone said, thought, etc., see p. 429).
The wind has blown - it will rain. The front door was banging - a neighbor was leaving for a distant service (Lidin). But the archers, like raw firewood, hissed, did not catch fire - the glow of the rebellion was not engaged (A.N. Tolst.). The child did not wait for the warnings of the mother - he was already in the yard for a long time (Gonch.). And the crowd also looked like a black bird - spreading its wings wide, it was alert, ready to rise and fly, and Pavel was its beak (Gork.). And each thought about his own, Recalling that spring, And everyone knew - the road to it Leads through the war (Isakovsky).
Less commonly, a dash is used instead of a colon when motivating intonation:
But Grisha was still looking at the water - it seemed to him that he could discern a faint trace on the water (Ehrenb.).
Note also that in practice, on the border between sentences, they increasingly prefer to use a comma with a dash instead of a dash, thus emphasizing the consistency of tone tension and the length of the pause.
Cases that hesitate in practice include combinations of sentences, where the second reveals the message of the first ("namely"). If one of the sentences is long, causing a slight decrease in the tone of the first part of the phrase, the colon is preferred.
He sees: a woman from the waters, cutting Them, swims up to the surface and sings ... (Polonsk.). I looked where the old woman was pointing with her trembling hand with crooked fingers, and saw: there were shadows floating there, there were many of them, and one of them, darker and thicker than the others, swam faster and lower than the sisters ... (Gorky). I looked out the window through the branches of ash trees and see: the river is all blue from the moon, and he, in a white shirt and in a wide sash with loose ends on his side, is standing with one foot in the boat and the other on the bank (Gork.). The song on the river sounded more audibly, the old man jumped up and, covering his eyes with his palm, stared at the river: the boat, as if loaded with flowers, was sailing heavily against the current (Gork.). ... And as soon as a girl's handkerchief flashes somewhere, a lazy-looking, clumsy Smoke instantly transforms: with a short, precise movement, in a hawk-like manner, he quickly turns his head, straightens up (Sholokh.).
Sometimes the choice of a colon, preferably before a dash, is influenced by such, for example, the fact as the predominance of the stress on the logical center of the first half of the phrase:
There was no signature. The handwriting was the same as always: nothing betrayed the excitement of the writer (Lauren).
A comma with a dash is a sign that replaces a dash in all cases when there is a need to lengthen a pause at the boundary of sentences or when a comma in the preceding division must appear before the dash that is supposed to be dash. In the latter case, however, practice cannot be considered established. Naturally, they most often refer to a comma with a dash as a punctuation mark at the border of the "break" of the period - the transition from an increase to a decrease.
Examples of the 1st:
For the first time I heard these thoughts in such a harsh form, although I had come across them before - they are more tenacious and widespread than it is customary to think (Gork.). Kirka went down to the underground. And Zinka at first stuttered and whined subtly, then, when Kirka had already looked around in the underground, she began to scream, scream, cut Kirka with a cry ... (Panf.).
Examples of the 2nd: I immediately recognized: the old woman is a locksmith's wife Loshak; the back one, blooming with laughter, is the woman of the Gromada locksmith, and the middle one is a stranger, I have never seen (Gladk.). Sergei in their school group, as we have heard from them more than once, is the most capable, most beloved comrade.
In non-union combinations, in which there is still a motivating or revealing member to the motivating or revealing the content, the same punctuation marks are usually avoided, and this corresponds to a change in the nature of the rhythm-melody of such a phrase in comparison with a two-term one of this kind. Most often we find here the setting of a colon before the first sentence (cf. the falling intonation of this part of the articulation) and a dash before the second. There is a tendency to build the melodic pattern of such phrases according to the type: Finally, the Italian got bored with this comedy: it was not for him to understand the soul of Magdalene, he left (V. Odoevsk.). Now, when Chelkash whispered: "cordons /", Gavrila wavered: a sharp burning thought passed through him, passed and touched tightly stretched nerves - he wanted to shout, call people to help him ..., that is, by the type of such , where the intonation preceding the last term is warning (with the meaning "namely," "therefore," and so on), and there is a strong logical stress on it. His eyes sparkled with pride: he was entrusted with such a dangerous and dashing task - to pacify a wild horse (Jan). Wed and such cases where, according to the nature of the thought, it would be required to put a dash before the first sentence, and a colon before the second; in fact, punctuation marks are placed in the same way: Know and believe, friends: every storm is blessed to a young soul - the soul matures and grows stronger under a thunderstorm (Nekr.). The essence of the utterance is concentrated in the last term, and the intonation of motivation in it gave way to a warning on the border between it and the previous one, and the weakening due to this logical stress in the previous one corresponds to the setting of a colon in front of it. Less often, you can find a preference for the opposite punctuation: To glorify one, the struggle of a Thousand weak takes away - Nothing is given for nothing: the fate of the Redeeming Victims asks (Nekr.). Schiller, Aunt, Byron showed him the dark side of humanity - he did not notice the light side: he was not up to her (Hound.).
It is not excluded, however, and the setting of colons in front of both motivating or revealing the content of the segments; Wed: They gave "La Traviata". The shadow was spinning all the time: he was annoyed by this tearful story, moreover, he secretly glanced at Lyolya: she had a golden fluff on her cheek, and her eyes were blue (Ehrenb.). In this example, the indentation formed by the division, beginning with the words "besides, he ...", facilitated the possibility of a second motivating intonation and the corresponding punctuation mark. Kern did not lie: the room was really very nice: light, spacious and comfortably furnished (A. Belyaev).
Sometimes in such cases, instead of a dash, a comma with a dash is put: Not my night's duty: Tomorrow I'll go hunting early, - Before the light, I need to sleep better ... (Nekr.).
Around the end of the 19th century, the colon ceases to be used as a sign between the increase and decrease of the expanded period, giving way to a dash with a comma in this function. Earlier they wrote, for example: Although the human heart tends to be benevolent to republics based on the fundamental rights of liberty, beloved to him; although her very dangers and worries, nourishing generosity, captivate the mind, especially the young, little experienced; although the Novgorodians, having a people's rule, the general spirit of trade and communication with the most educated Germans, no doubt, differed blissfully. urban qualities from other Russians, humiliated by the tyranny of the Mongols: however, history should glorify in this case the mind of John, for "statesmanship ordered him to strengthen Russia by firmly combining parts into a whole, so that it would achieve independence and greatness, that is, so that it would not perish from blows. new Batu or Vitovt (Karamz.).
Task number 17 from the FIPI bank. Punctuation marks for words and structures that are not related to members of the sentence. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in sentences must be commas. Option 1. 1. Encounters with the art of painting give the joy of discovery (1) exclusively (2) attentive and patient viewer. A visit to an art museum (3) for example (4) requires us to be able and willing to perceive and experience what we see. 2. On the street we were surrounded by a ring of dogs and not the slightest desire (1) it seems (2) did not have to recognize us as acquaintances. Their warlike mood was (3) visible (4) to every passer-by. 3. Some contemporaries were outraged by the use of A.S. Pushkin of common words in contexts where (1) in the opinion of critics (2) it was necessary to use the words "high". However (3) Pushkin resolutely rejected the concept of "low matter". 4. It should be recognized that we live in a world where people are not immune from dangers. At present (1) however (2) a great deal of experience has been accumulated in the prevention of the consequences of disasters. In Mexico (3) for example (4) earthquakes do almost without casualties, because classes are constantly held with the population. 5. * In nature (1) undoubtedly (2) there is nothing more musical than the coming early morning. People are still sleeping in stone houses, and the forest (3) opposite (4) is full of life: birds begin to sing joyfully, foliage rustles, butterflies tremble. 6 *. In almost every room in the museum, you (1) will most likely (2) see statues. In sculpture, each side of the figure (3) no doubt (4) has its own special expression, which must be captured, peering into the creation from all sides. 7. Today in the literature (1) according to critics (2) the type of writer and the type of reader is dramatically changing. The educational mission of literature (3) seems to (4) is becoming a thing of the past. 8. Roman M.Yu. Lermontov (1), according to scientists (2), is imbued with the unity of thought, and therefore it cannot be read in the wrong order in which the author himself arranged it: otherwise you will read two excellent (3) in my opinion (4) stories and a few no less excellent stories, but you will not know the novel. 9. Raspberry mountains in the Middle Urals (1), according to the stories of famous travelers (2), got their name due to the fact that raspberries grew in a special abundance along the ridge and placers. She (3) true (4) was smaller than forest, but ripening in the sun, this mountain raspberry acquired a unique taste. 10. The language of poetry (1) as you know (2) cannot be ordinary, since the way of expressing itself in iambic and chorea is unusual. Therefore, poetry is (3) we can say (4) the miracle of transforming an ordinary word into a poetic word. 11. Trigorsky Park in the Pushkin Reserve (1) according to many (2) is saturated with the sun even on cloudy days. This park was created (3) as if (4) especially for family holidays, friendly conversations, laughter, joking confessions. 12. Sometimes a thought will come that (1) seems (2) correct, but you are afraid to believe it. However, then you see that the thought, which (3) may be (4) and strange, is in fact the simplest truth: once you know it, you can no longer stop believing in it. Task number 17 from the FIPI bank. Punctuation marks for words and structures that are not related to members of the sentence. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in sentences must be commas. Option 2. 1. For the writers of the 18th century (1), of course (2), there was an obvious difference between the then colloquial "living use" and the ancient literary language. This literary language correlated with the Russian spoken language (3) according to linguists (4) in the same way as the language of the past with the modern language. 2. In the past, many were (1) of course (2) well-known house of Aksakovs, where everything breathed with creativity, family happiness and contentment. Friends of the family, numerous guests (3) probably (4) more than once had a chance to rest in this house from everyday squabbles and worries. 3. The leaves on the trees do not move, on a hot summer day they (1) seem to (2) shine with emeralds, so that the lace of the veins is visible. Only individual leaves suddenly sway (3) apparently (4) from a bird suddenly fluttering from a branch. 4. The July evening was wonderful, he (1) as if (2) threw a thin translucent fabric over everything. And the colors of the day (3) seemed (4) slightly faded: the clouds slowly lost their reflections, the surface of the river turned pale. 5. The dark sky above the illuminated street (1) seemed (2) a black, heavy canopy. The sun and (3) seemed (4) the sky itself was hiding behind the rocks. 6. Behind the distant line the lake became (1) (2) visible. It was deserted around him. The villagers (3) can be seen (4) did not really like this remote place. 7. Somewhere nearby (1) apparently (2) there was a waterfall. From the exclamation that escaped from my companion, I realized that the danger (3) could be (4) serious. 8. Among the poets of the "Silver Age" A. Blok occupies (1) undoubtedly (2) a special position. He does not repeat other people's themes, but draws the content of his poems (3) exclusively (4) from the depths of his soul. 9. Surprisingly pleasant activity (1) I remember (2) was for me to lie on my back in the forest and look up. Then (3) it seemed (4) the sky was a bottomless sea, spread out before my eyes. 10. What do dialect words mean? Undoubtedly (1) many dialect words refer to rural realities: the word "golbets" (2) for example (3) in the northern regions is called an extension near the Russian stove. However (4) there are many more such words that serve as local names for ubiquitous objects. 11. According to the French writer Prosper Mérimée (1), the Russian language, rich, lively and sonorous, is endowed with the ability to convey the finest shades of thought and feeling and is distinguished (2) in addition (3) by the flexibility of stress and a variety of onomatopoeia. 12. If you have ever seen the paintings of Karl Bryullov, then (1) of course (2) noticed that they are full of light, joy, movement. The colors in them (3) seem to (4) play and sparkle, and this is the result of the artist's inspired and hard work. 13. Animals in the forest make them alert (1) there should be (2) even the rustle of falling leaves. The outline of the house under construction (3) seemed (4) like a ship. Task number 17 from the FIPI bank. Punctuation marks for words and structures that are not related to members of the sentence. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in sentences must be commas. Option 3. 1. A new book by a famous writer-publicist (1) maybe (2) you will like it. The sun on a hot July day (3) seemed (4) yellow-red. 2. I (1) confess (2) rarely heard such a voice, deep and passionate, sweetly sad and mournful. The Russian soul sounded, breathed in him and (3) as if (4) grabbed the heart. 3. Sour and (1) of course (2) a very healthy berry, cranberry grows in the marshes in summer and is harvested in late autumn. But not everyone knows that the "sweetest" (3) as the people say (4) cranberries happen when they lie over the winter under the snow. 4. Daniil Cherny (1) according to art critics (2) was a painter of the first magnitude. His greatest merit (3), however (4), is that he saw the giftedness of Andrei Rublev and influenced the development of the individual manner of this greatest artist. 5. The painful sincerity of L. Tolstoy and dissatisfaction with himself (1) of course (2) part of his living soul, but most important for us (3) perhaps (4) is how the shoots of the writer's spiritual development sprout in his work. 6. The old garden (1) seemed (2) alone to refresh this (3) once (4) busy village and was picturesque in its desolation. 7. I (1) confess (2) do not like aspen too much with its pale-leaved trunk and gray-green metallic foliage. Aspen is good only on a windy summer day, when each leaf of it (3) as if (4) wants to break off and rush into the distance. 8. The Tretyakov Gallery (1) as you know (2) is named after Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov - a merchant who used his wealth for the benefit of society. Passionate about painting, he initiated (3) a truly (4) remarkable collection of paintings. 9. I.S. Sokolov Mikitov, who has seen many distant lands, always carefully kept (1) according to literary scholars (2) memories of his native Smolensk region, and (3) maybe (4) this feature gives his stories and essays a sincere, trusting intonation that so disposes to him the reader. 10. The heroine of this novel (1) of course (2) was Masha. News from mom (3) should be (4) by Thursday. 11. In late autumn or winter on the streets of cities (1) as is known (2) flocks of melodiously chirping, then sharply screaming birds appear. Here (3) apparently (4) for this cry the birds got their name - waxwings, because the verb "waxwings" meant "to whistle sharply, to scream". 12. The most complete (1) in the opinion of critics (2) Goncharov's norm of life was revealed (3) of course (4) in those chapters of the novel "Oblomov", which describes the life of the protagonist in Pshenitsyna's house on the Vyborg side. 13. The norm of human life (1) according to Goncharov (2) is a repetition of the natural norm, the essence of which is in poetic continuity, imperceptible, but (3) of course (4) inevitable accumulation of new qualities. Task number 17 from the FIPI bank. Punctuation marks for words and structures that are not related to members of the sentence. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in sentences must be commas. Option 4.1 *. The ability to read some critics (1) among other things (2) is referred to as art. In this family (3), to the common joy of adults (4), the children were invariably welcoming and benevolent. 2. I (1) remember (2) saw a large Ivory gull on the seashore one evening. I remembered her as I listened to Yakov: he sang, lifted like a bouncy swimmer by the waves, by our silent, passionate participation; song (3) as if (4) was growing, spreading. 3. It has become customary to call (1) of course (2) eyes the mirror of the soul. Their (3) apparently (4) can be compared with windows through which impressions of a bright, sparkling, colored world flow into the soul. 4. Arable farming brings man closer to nature, binds him to the earth and (1) hence (2) to his homeland. Arable farming (3) of course (4) builds character, and also preserves health, gives quiet joys. 5. Good books (1) of course (2) develop mind and develop taste. At the end of April (3) all the same (4) it is already warm. 6. In Russian forests (1) perhaps (2) there is no tree more powerful and more beautiful than a green oak. According to forestry scientists (3) some oak trees live for up to a thousand years, but (4) unfortunately (5) there are very few pure oak forests (as forests where many oak trees grew) were now called very few. 7. Man is one link in an endless chain of lives, which (1) seems to (2) stretches through him from the past to the future. Somewhere in the mysterious depth (3) maybe (4) lie the abilities and talents inherited by a person and ready to develop in descendants. 8. Arable farming brings man closer to nature, binds him to the earth and (1) hence (2) to his homeland. On the one hand (3) arable farming tempers character, and on the other hand (4) maintains health, gives quiet joys. 9. It will seem (1) probably (2) strange, but the word “ballerina” is not very suitable for Galina Ulanova - one of the greatest dancers in the entire history of choreographic art. Ulanova is a poet in dance, and (3) according to connoisseurs of ballet (4) she has her own poetic style and her own world. 10. A critical article (1) can be (2) in size from a few lines to two or three pages. Firstly (3) the article gives a concise description and assessment of the writer's creativity, secondly (4) the novelty of the work and its connection with the literary tradition are determined. 11. A.S. Pushkin named M.V. Lomonosov "our first university." All his scientific achievements M.V. Lomonosov (1) as a rule (2) tried to apply in practice. So (3) for example (4), while engaged in the manufacture of multi-colored glass, he created the "Battle of Poltava" mosaic. 12. At night, the place (1) seemed (2) to become extinct, even the dogs did not bark, and there was no light streaming from any window. The rain, wet fences, damp bark smelled something (3) incredibly (4) cheerful, springy, happy. Task number 17 from the FIPI bank. Punctuation marks for words and structures that are not related to members of the sentence. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in sentences must be commas. Option 5. 1. Here (1) it seems (2) the sun touched the calm water near the coast. The ocean (3) seems (4) asleep, quiet, not even the splash of waves is heard. 2. Both to the right and to the left, and (1) it seems (2) lightning flashed over the very house. On this sunny day, everything around (3) seemed (4) joyful. 3. I (1) probably (2) will not be able to convey sufficiently vividly and convincingly how great my amazement was when I felt that almost every book (3) seemed to (4) open before me a window into a new, unknown world. 4. Now the oak is blooming, and (1) as expected (2) it has become cold. I love northern nature with its silent gloom (3) should be (4) for primitive loneliness. 5. Medvedkamen on the Tagil River is (1) undoubtedly (2) one of the highest rocks in the Middle Urals. Here (3) according to legend (4) Yermak spent the winter with his army. 6 *. The quiet hour of the night (1) seemed (2) to add a special charm to the conversation. Working with computer programs (3) will certainly (4) captivate you. 7. In the linden alley last year's foliage rustled sadly underfoot, and in the quiet twilight (1) it seemed (2) shadows were hiding. And suddenly, for a moment, this picture smelled of charm (3) as if (4) something very familiar, close from childhood. Keys: 1 option 2 option 3 option 4 option 1 1234 12 2 3 1234 1234 4 1234 1 1234 2 3 34 34 4 1 34 12 2 3 12 1234 4 1 12 12 2 1234 3 1234 4 5 option 1 2 3 4 12 12 12 1234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1234 5 34 6 1234 7 1234 8 1234 9 1234 10 11 12 34 12 13 5 34 34 6 7 12 12 8 9 12 123 10 11 123 1234 12 13 12 1234 5 12 6 7 12 12 8 1234 9 12 10 1234 11 1234 12 1234 1234 12 12 5 12 12345 6 7 34 1234 8 9 1234 34 10 11 1234 12 12 13
I probably will not be able to convey quite vividly and convincingly how great my amazement was when I felt that almost every book seemed to open a window for me into a new, unknown world, telling me about people, feelings, thoughts and relationships, which I didn’t know, I didn’t see. It even seemed to me that the life around me, all that harsh, dirty and cruel that unfolded before me every day, all this is not real, unnecessary; real and necessary only in books, where everything is more reasonable, beautiful and human. The books also talked about rudeness, about the stupidity of people, about their suffering, portrayed evil and vile, but next to them there were other people whom I had not seen, about whom I had not even heard - people are honest, strong in spirit, truthful, always ready even to death for the triumph of truth, for the sake of a beautiful feat.
At first, intoxicated by the novelty and spiritual significance of the world opened to me by books, I began to consider them better, more interesting, closer to people and - as if - a little blind, looking at real life through books. But the harsh, clever life took care to cure me of this pleasant blindness.
On Sundays, when the hosts went out for a visit or for a walk, I would crawl out of the window of the stuffy, greasy kitchen onto the roof and read there. Half-drunk or sleepy diggers swam around the yard like catfish, the maids, laundresses and cooks screamed at the cruel tenderness of the orderlies, I looked from the heights into the yard and majestically despised this dirty, drunken, dissolute life.
One of the diggers was a foreman, or "workman", as they called him, an angular, amissly made of thin bones and blue lived old Stepan Leshin, a man with the eyes of a hungry cat and a gray, ridiculously scattered beard on his brown face, on a wiry neck and in ears. Ragged, dirty, worse than all diggers, he was the most sociable among them, but they were noticeably afraid of him, and even the contractor himself spoke to him, lowering his loud, always irritated voice. I have heard more than once how the workers scolded Leshin for the eyes:
- Miserly devil! Judas! Cheerleader!
Old man Leshin was very mobile, but not fussy, he somehow quietly, imperceptibly appeared in one corner of the yard, then in another, wherever two or three people gathered: he would come up, smile with cat's eyes and, sniffing with a wide nose, asks:
- Well, what, huh?
It seemed to me that he was always looking for something, waiting for some word.
Once, when I was sitting on the roof of the shed, Leshin, grunting, climbed up the stairs to me, sat down next to me and, sniffing the air, said:
- It smells of senz ... You found this place well - both clean and away from people ... What are you reading?
He looked at me affectionately, and I willingly told him what I had read.
“Okay,” he said, shaking his head. - Well well!
Then he was silent for a long time, picking the broken nail on his left foot with a black finger, and suddenly, squinting at me, he spoke, quietly and melodiously, as if telling:
- There was a scientist in Vladimir Sabaneev, a great man, and he had a son, Petrusha. He also read all the books and liked others, so he was arrested.
- For what? I asked.
- For this very thing! Do not read, but if you read - keep your mouth shut!
He chuckled, winked at me and said:
- I look at you - you are serious, you do not mischief. Well, nothing, live ...
And after sitting on the roof for a little more, he went down to the courtyard. After that, I noticed that Leshin was looking closely at me, watching me. He more and more often approached me with his question:
- Well, what, huh?
Once I told him a story that really excited me about the victory of the good and reasonable principle over the evil one, he listened to me very attentively and, shaking his head, said:
- It happens.
- It happens? I asked happily.
- But what about? Anything can happen! - approved the old man. - Here I will tell those ...
And he also "told" me a good story about living, not bookish people, but in conclusion he said, in a memorable way:
- Koneshno, you can not fully understand these matters, however - understand the main thing: there are a lot of trifles, the people got confused in trifles, he has no move - no move to God, that means! Great embarrassment from trifles, do you understand?
These words pushed my heart with a revitalizing impulse, as if I had received my sight after them. But in fact, this life around me is a trifling life, with all its fights, debauchery, petty theft and swearing, which, perhaps, is so abundant that a person lacks good, pure words.
The old man has lived on earth five times more than me, he knows a lot, and if he says that good things really "happen" in life, you have to believe him. I wanted to believe, because the books have already inspired me to believe in a person. I guessed that they were still portraying real life, that they were, so to speak, written off from reality, which means, I thought, and in reality there must be good people, different from the wild contractor, my masters, drunken officers and all people in general, known to me.
This discovery was a great joy for me, I began to look at everything more fun and somehow better, to treat people more attentively, and after reading something good, festive, I tried to tell the diggers and orderlies about it. They were not very willing to listen to me and, it seems, did not believe me, but Stepan Leshin always said:
- It happens. Everything happens, brother!
This short, wise word had a surprisingly strong meaning for me! The more often I heard it, the more it awakened in me a feeling of cheerfulness and stubbornness, a keen desire to “put it on my own”. After all, if "everything happens," then there will be what I want? I noticed that in the days of the greatest insults and griefs inflicted on me by life, in difficult days, which I experienced too much, it was on such days that the feeling of vigor and stubbornness in achieving the goal especially increased in me, on these days I was most strongly embraced by a young Herculean desire to cleanse the Augean stables of life. This has remained with me and now, when I am fifty years old, it will remain until death, and I owe this property to the sacred writings of the human spirit - books reflecting the great torments and tortures of the growing human soul, science - the poetry of reason, art - the poetry of feelings.
Books continued to open up new things for me; especially two illustrated magazines gave me a lot: "World Illustration" and "Picturesque Review". Their pictures, depicting cities, people and events of foreign life, more and more expanded the world before me, and I felt how it was growing, huge, interesting, filled with great deeds.
Temples and palaces that are not like our churches and houses, differently dressed people, differently decorated land, wonderful cars, amazing products - all this inspired me with a feeling of some incomprehensible cheerfulness and made me want to do something too, to build.
Everything was different, unlike, but nevertheless I vaguely realized that everything is saturated with one and the same power - the creative power of man. And my sense of attention to people, respect for them grew.
I was completely shocked when I saw a portrait of the famous scientist Faraday in some magazine, read an article about him incomprehensible to me and learned from it that Faraday was a simple worker. It hit me hard in the brain, it seemed like a fairy tale to me.
“How is it? I thought incredulously. - So - some of the diggers can also become a scientist? And I can?"
I couldn't believe it. I began to look for - are there any other famous people who would have been workers at first? Found no one in the magazines; A schoolboy friend told me that many famous people were at first workers, and gave me several names, among other things - Stephenson, but I did not believe the schoolboy.
The more I read, the more the books brought me closer to the world, the brighter, more significant life became for me. I saw that there are people who live worse, harder than me, and this somewhat consoled me, not reconciling with the offensive reality; I also saw that there are people who know how to live interestingly and festively, as no one around me can live. And in almost every book something alarming sounded with a quiet ringing, leading to the unknown, touching the heart. All people suffered in one way or another, everyone was dissatisfied with life, they were looking for something better, and they all became closer, understandable. The books enveloped the whole earth, the whole world with sorrow for the best, and each of them was, as it were, a soul, imprinted on paper with signs and words that came to life as soon as my eyes, my mind touched them.