22.11.2017

Chronic throat and larynx diseases (ENT)

Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract include: laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis. Larygitis is nonspecific inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx.

The reasons for the development of diseases is the most diverse. In Larygitis, the causes of the occurrence are as follows:

• bacterial infection;
• frequent acute course of laryngitis;
• dry dirty air;
• smoking;
• overvoltage of voice ligaments.

For example, the main sign of laryngitis is the barking cough. There is also a complete or partial voice loss, dryness and throat, hoarseness.

Types of chronic ENT disease - Larygit

There are three forms of chronic laryngitis:

• catarry;
• hyperplastic;
• atrophic.

With a catarrhal form, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the larynx is observed, a small space is formed between the bundles. The hyperplastic form develops if the treatment of laryngitis was not timely. At this stage of the cage of the mucous membrane of the larynx begin to grow quickly. They can be localized throughout the larynx or in some of its departments. Since the glands do badly perform their function, the whole slope is covered with viscous mucus.

What does laryngitite look like inside

The most recent and dangerous form is an atrophic form characterized by constant wheezing, dryness, frequent and long cougium, isolation of sputum with blood clots. Complication of chronic laryngitis can be stenling laryngitis (false croup). It manifests itself in the form of respiratory failure due to the edema of the larynx, as a rule, at night. Stenosis are sharp and chronic. Acute develops in a very short period of time. They are very dangerous both in children and in adults, so you need to immediately provide first aid and cause ambulance. Chronic stenosis develops very long and have a more persistent character.

Treatment of laryngitis complex, that is, both medicines and therapeutic procedures are used. One of the most common ways is inhalation.

Each form of chronic laryngitis has its own features of treatment. So with a catarrhal form, anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Steroids and antibiotics are prescribed with hyperplastic form. And with atrophic form of Larygitis, it is recommended:

• anti-inflammatory;
• steroid;
• antibiotics;
• physiotherapeutic procedures (thermal inhalations, electrophoresis, UHF).

Preventive methods include the respiratory tract and the necessary voice regime.

Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis is chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It develops as a result of frequent diseases of the pharyngitis flowing in acute form, throat and larynx infections, irritation of the mucous membrane of the larynx chemicals.

It is also possible to become chronic diseases of the ear, throat and nose, chronic gastritis diseases, pancreatitis, jvp, ARVI, reduced immunity, harmful habits (smoking and alcohol).

Types of chronic pharyngitis:

• plain;
• catarial (patient feels constant sore throat, dryness, throat ring);
• subatrophic (diffuse growth of lymphoid tissue occurs, dry throat is also noted, viscous mucus appears on the rear wall of the throat);
• hypertrophic (sclerosis of the mucous membrane occurs, the crusts are formed, which are very hard separated; dry exhausting cough) appears.

The main symptoms may be concluded nasal and hearing aisters, a sense of alien body in the throat, constant swallowing of a viscous secret, a sipid voice, redness of the mucous membrane. Treatment is aimed at eliminating annoying factors. It should be abandoned from smoking and alcohol, acute, salt and acidic food. Abundant warm drinking is needed.

Regularly rinse the throat of grasses with bravery, which contain antiseptic and anti-inflammatory substances, lubrication of the throat and inhalation. In addition to local treatment, it is necessary and common. Antibiotics are prescribed, antibacterial drugs, painkillers. Treatment is much effectively using UHF, ultrasound. After rendered therapy, prescribe a course of drugs of improving immunity.

Tonsillitis

Tonnsillitis is a disease that affects the sky and sizzle almonds caused by a viral infection. The development of chronic tonsillitis contributes frequent angins, ORVI, also not cured oral diseases (caries, periodontalosis), sinusitis, sinusitis. The disease can occur in two forms.

At tonsillitis swell almonds

The first form is expressed in frequently repeated angins, and the second is the inflammatory process in the almonds, which proceeds very sluggish. At the same time, the patient feels:

• malaise;
• nervousness;
• irritability;
• lethargy;
• fast fatigue;
• headaches;
• in the evening, subfebrile body temperature is possible;
• joint pain;
• pain and sore throat;
• cough in the morning;
• mouth can be an unpleasant smell.

Chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis can cause changes in the immune system, it is possible to malfunctions in the work of the heart and kidneys. Specific symptoms include:

• an increase in lymph nodes;
• increasing the sky and sip of almonds;
• pain in submandibular and variety of lymph nodes.

There are two types of treatment:

• conservative;
• surgical.

Conservative treatment includes bedding, gentle diet, abundant drinking, almond remedies, antibacterial and antiseptic therapy, antimicrobial therapy, wide range antibiotics (with severe disease), inhalation and immunostimulators.

Surgical intervention is resorted if the patient is sick of an angina to four times a year. At the same time, purulent education is observed in the lacunas, the efficiency of internal organs and systems deteriorates.

Prevention of chronic diseases

For the prevention of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, doctors recommend:

• proper nutrition;
• maintain cleanliness at home and workplace;
• timely treatment of teeth, gum, hymorites.

During the flu epidemic and ORVI drinking vitamins. When what first symptoms, it is necessary to refer to the therapist and the otolaryngologist.

MILITARY-MEDICAL ACADEMY

Department of Otolaryngology Ex. № _____

"I argue"

Vrid Chief of the Department of Otaginolaryngology

Colonel of medical service

M. Govorun.

"____" ______________ 2003.

lecturer of the Department of Otolaryngology

candidate of Medical Sciences

major Medical Service D.

Lecture No. 18.

by otolaryngology

on the topic: "POWDER DISEASES. Abscesses pharynx "

For students of the Faculty of Steering Medical Makeup

Discussed and approved at the meeting of the Department

protocol number ______

"___" __________ 2003

Clarified (supplemented):

«___» ______________ _____________

Inflammatory diseases of the pharynx.

Abscess pharynx.

Literature

Otolaryngology / Ed. I. B. Soldatova and V. R. Gofman. - SPB., 2000.- 472 C.: IL.

Elander B.V. Operational otorinolaryngology. -Alma-Ata, 1959, 520 p.

Soldatov I.B. Lectures for otorinolaryngology. - M., 1990, 287 p.

Tarasov D.I., Minkovsky A.H., Nazarova G.F. Ambulance and emergency assistance in otorhinolaryngology. - M., 1977,248С.

Schuster MA Emergency care in otorinolaryngology. - m. 1989, 304 p.

Diseases of GLAGE

Inflammatory diseases of the Glotka

Angina

Angina- acute inflammation of the lymphadenoid tissue of the pharynx (almonds), which is considered as a common infectious disease. Angina can occur hard and give a variety of complications. More often there are angins of palatal almonds. Their clinical picture is well known. These angins are differentiated from diphtheria, scarletins, specific angins and lesions of almonds with common infectious, systemic and oncological diseases, which is very important for appointing adequate urgent therapy.

Angina Pipper Almonds (acute adenoitis). This disease is typical for childhood. It occurs more often simultaneously with sharp respiratory viral diseases (ORVI) or with angina skynote almonds and in these cases usually remains unrecognized. Adenoiditis is accompanied by the same changes in the overall state, like angina. The main clinical signs are a sudden violation of free nasal breathing or its deterioration, if it was not normal, a runny nose, a feeling of laying the ears. There may be cough and throat pain. In case of inspection, the hyperemia of the rear wall of the pharynx, flowing down the mucinous-purulent separated. Sulfing almond increases, swelling, hyperemia of its surface appears, sometimes raids. By the time of the maximum development of the disease, the continuing 5-b days, changes in regional lymph nodes are usually noted.

Adenoids should be differentiated primarily from caps of abscesses and diphtheria. It must be remembered that with the appearance of symptoms of acute adenoiditis, king, rubella, scarletin and cough can begin, and if the headache is joined, meningitis or polio.

Angina of the paternal almonds. This kind of angin meets much less frequently of its other forms. Patients complain of pain in the root of the tongue root or throat, as well as when swallowing, tonging the language is painful. The tongue almond blushes and swells, raids can appear on its surface. At the time of the pharyingoscopy, pain is performed with a pressure with a spatula on the back of the tongue. General violations are the same as with other angins.

If the inflammation of the tongue almond takes a phlegmosis character, the disease occurs is more severe with high body temperature and the spread of eulinary-inflammatory changes to the outer departments of the larynx, primarily on the native. The lymph nodes of the neck increase and become painful. In this case, the disease must be differentiated from the inflammation of cysts and ectopied tissue of the thyroid gland in the root of the language.

Treatment. With the development of any angina, which is an acute infectious disease that may cause serious complications, it is necessary to immediately begin treatment. Periodic antibiotics of the penicillin row (with intolerance - macrolides) are prescribed (with intolerance - macrolides), food must be gentle, it is necessary to drink abundant drinking, vitamins. With severe thread, the anesthes prescribe strict bed regime and intensive parenteral antibiotic therapy, primarily penicillin in combination with desensitizing drugs. If necessary, apply the antibiotics of a wide range of action (cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, metrged).

As for local treatment, it depends on the localization of inflammation. With adenoidits, vesseloring drops are prescribed (naphtizin, galazoline,), protorgol. With angina, the skyless and paternal almonds are warm dressings or compress on the neck, rinse 2% solution of naic acid or sodium bicarbonate, a solution of furacin (1: 4000), and the like.

Anglary of the peptic-film (Simanovsky). The causative agents of the ulcer-film angina are the spherose-like wand and the mouth of the oral cavity in symbiosis. After the short-term phase of the catarrhal angina on the almonds, superficial, easily removable whitish-yellowish raids are formed. Less often such raids also appear in the oral cavity and sip. Ulzes remain on the site of the tight raids, usually superficial, but sometimes deeper. Regional lymph nodes on the side of the lesion increase. Pain feelings are not strong. Body temperature is normal or subfebrile. There may be a smell of mouth, associated with necrotic changes in the bottom of the yazv. In assessing the clinical picture, it should be borne in mind that occasionally there is a lacunar form of the disease, similar to ordinary angina, as well as bilateral lesions of the almonds.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of detection in smears from the top of the tonsils (films removed, prints from the bottom of the ulcer) fusospyrillate symbiosis. The peptic-film angina should be differentiated from diphtheria, lesions of almonds for diseases of blood-forming organs, malignant tumors.

For treatment with hydrogen peroxide rinsing (1-2 tablespoons per glass of water), a solution of rivocheol (1: 1000), furaticilline (1: 3000), potassium permanganate (1: 2000) and lubrication with 5% iodine alcohol solution, 50% solution Sugar, 10% solution of salicylic acid, diluted in equal parts of glycerol and alcohol, 5% formalin solution. In the event of clinical signs of secondary infection, antibiotics are prescribed.

Angina with infectious mononucleosis. This is a general disease of viral etiology, starting to acutely with high body temperature (up to 40 ° C) and usually pain in the throat. Most patients have a lesion of almonds that are significantly increasing in size. Often the third and fourth almonds are also increasing, which can lead to breathing. On the surface of the almonds, raids of various character and coloring, sometimes a bull-wagged look, usually easily removed. Anniversary smell of mouth appears. Spray syndrome is expressed by Narrow. The cervical lymph nodes of all groups increase, as well as the spleen and sometimes lymph nodes in other areas of the body, which become painful.

The diagnosis is set based on the results of blood test results, but in the first 3-5 days in the blood may not be characteristic. In the future, as a rule, moderate leukocytosis reflect, sometimes up to 20-30 L0 9 / l, neutropenia with the presence of a nuclear shift to the left and pronounced mononucleosis. At the same time, there is a certain increase in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes, the presence of plasma cells, varied in size and structure, with the appearance of peculiar mononuclear. High relative (up to 90%) and absolute mononucleosis with typical mononuclears in the midst of the disease and determines the diagnosis of this disease. It is differentiated from banal angins, diphtheria, acute leukemia.

Treatment is mainly symptomatic, prescribe the rinse of the throat with a solution of furacin (1: 4000) 4-6 times a day. When signs of secondary infection, antibiotics are prescribed.

Anglazozithosis. Currently, agranulocytosis is developing most often as a result of taking cytostatics, salicylates and some other drugs.

The disease usually begins acutely, and the body temperature quickly rises to 40 ° C, odors and throat pains are marked. In the sky almonds and the surrounding areas, dirty gray raids are formed with necrotic-gangrene disintegration, which often apply to the rear wall of the ointment, the inner surface of the cheeks, and in more severe cases there are in the larynx or the initial part of the esophagus. Sometimes there is a sharp smell of mouth. Occasionally almonds necrotize completely. When studying the blood, leukopenia is found to 1 10 9 / l and below, a sharp decrease in the number of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils up to their absence with a simultaneous increase in the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes.

Differential follows from diphtheria, simanovsky angina, lesions of almonds for blood diseases.

Treatment is to carry out intense antibiotic therapy (semi-synthetic penicillins), appointing corticosteroid preparations, pentoxyl, vitamins of group B, nicotinic acid. In severe cases, the leukocytic mass is transfused.

Diphtheria

Patients of diphtheria need emergency assistance in connection with the possibility of developing severe common complications or stenosis in the event of a gastal location of the lesion. Even if the patient's diphtheria is suggested, it is necessary to immediately hospitalize in the infectious department. Currently, adults are sick diphtheria at least and more hard than children.

The most often occurs the pharynx difftheria. It should be remembered that the light forms of pharmacy of the pharynx may flow under the guise of lacunar or even a catarrhal angina at a low or normal (in adults) body temperature. The raids on the surface of hyperemic almonds first tender, film, whitish, easily removed, but soon they acquire a characteristic look:

they go beyond almonds, become dense, thick, grayish or yellowish. The raids with difficulty are removed, after which the erosion surface remains.

During the propagation of diphtheria, the violation of the overall state of the patient is more pronounced, the film overlay is also discovered in the throat, the nasopharynx, sometimes in the nose, and the disorders of the nasal respiration and the suction discharge from the nose are noted. However, the distribution of the process is spread more often with the development of true cereals. The pastosity of the subcutaneous fatty fiber of the neck is also detected.

The toxic form of diphtheria begins as a common acute infectious disease that flows with a sharp increase in body temperature, headache, sometimes vomiting. A characteristic feature is an early appearance of edema in the area of \u200b\u200bzea and soft tissues of the neck. The cervical lymph nodes are also increased and painful. The face is pale, pastoral, the succulent discharge from the nose, the smell of mouth, cracks on the lips, bellows. Pares are developing in late stages of the disease. The hemorrhagic form is rare and occurs very hard.

The diagnosis in typical cases can be installed in a clinical picture, in the remaining majority, bacteriological confirmation is necessary. The best is the study of the sweeps of the raids and films, in the absence of strokes from the surface of the almonds and from the nose (or from the larynx during the hydrangean localization). The material from the pharynx take on an empty stomach, and before that should not rinse the throat. Sometimes diphtheria wand detect immediately on the basis of only bacterioscopy smear.

The diphtheria of the region and pharynx area should be differentiated from banal angins, phlegmonous angina, thrush, simanovsky angina, necrothic angina, including Scarlantine; Hemorrhagic form should be distinguished from the lesions of the area of \u200b\u200bthe zea associated with diseases of the blood-forming organs.

Difteria of the larynx (true croup) arises as an isolated lesion mainly in children of nursery and is rare. More often, the lads are amazed with the common form of diphtheria (downward croup). Initially, catarrhal laryngitis is developing with violation violation and barking cough. The body temperature becomes subfebrile. In the future, the overall state of the patient is worsening, Aphony develops, cough becomes silent and signs of breathing difficulties appear - inspiratory stridor with the increase in the "compliant" beds of the chest. When the stenosis is strengthened, the patient is disturbed, the skin is covered with cold later, pale or cyanotic, rapid pulse or arrhythmical. Then gradually comes the stage of asphyxia.

The raids appear first within the opposite of the larynx, then in the zone of the voice slot, which is the main cause of the stenosis. Film-cheese-yellowed or grayish raids are formed, but in the light shapes of the diphtheria, they may not appear at all.

The diagnosis must be confirmed by bacteriologically, which manages not always. The diphtheria of the laryngeal should be differentiated from false cereals, laryngitis and laryngo-trachetes of viral etiology, foreign bodies, tumors localized at the level of voice folds and below, plug abscesses.

Nasal difftheria as an independent form is found quite rare, mainly in young children. In some patients, only a clinical picture of catarrhal rhinitis is detected. Characteristic films, after rejection or removal of which erosion remains, are not always formed. In most patients, the hostess of the nose is one-sided, which makes it easier to establish a diagnosis that must be confirmed by the results of the microbiological research. The nose diphtheria should be differentiated from foreign bodies, purulent rhinosinuitis, tumors, syphilis, tuberculosis.

Features of the diphtheria of the respiratory tract in adults. The disease often proceeds in severe toxic form with the development of a groove descending into the trachea and bronchi. At the same time, in the initial period, it may be erased in nature and disguised by other manifestations of diphtheria, its complications or pathological processes in the internal organs, which makes it difficult to make a timely establishment of a diagnosis. With the criterion in patients with the toxic form of diphtheria, especially with a downward croup with the involvement of tracheas (and bronchi), already in early terms, the imposition of tracheostas is shown, and intubation is not an idea.

Treatment. When identifying any form of diphtheria and even if suspected of the presence of this disease, it is necessary to immediately begin treatment - the introduction of anti-informy serum. With severe forms, multiple injections are made to the regression of the raids. Serum is injected according to the method of charter: first, 0.1 ml of serum is subcutaneously introduced, after 30 minutes - 0.2 ml and after another 1-1.5 hours - the rest of the dose. With a localized light form of a sufficiently single administration of 10,000-30,000 me, with a common - 40,000 ME, with toxic form - up to 80,000 me, with a diphtheria descending criterion in children - 20,000-30,000 serum me. For two years, the dose is reduced by 1.5-2 times.

Painty patients need oxygen therapy and correction of acid-base state. It is advisable to parenteral administration of corticosteroid hormones (taking into account the age of the patient) and the purpose of sedative preparations, and in connection with frequent complications of pneumonia - and antibiotics. If there is a stenosis of the larynx and over the next hours after the start of treatment with anti-informy serum there is no positive effect, then intubation or tracheostomy is needed.

Tuberculosis (pharynx, tongue root)

Patients with common, mainly exud-ulcer, tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract may need emergency care due to sharp pain in the throat, dysphagia, and sometimes stenosis of the larynx. The defeat of the upper respiratory tract is always secondary in relation to the tuberculous process in the lungs, but the latter is not always diagnosed in a timely manner.

Fresh, recently developed tuberculosis of mucous membranes is characterized by hyperemia, infiltration, and often the swelling of the affected departments, as a result of which the vascular pattern disappears. Formed surface ulcers, with gear edges; Their bottom is covered with a thin layer of purulent separated white-gray painting. Ulcers first small, but soon their area increases; Merging, they capture large plots. In other cases, the damage to the affected areas is destroyed with the formation of defects of almonds, tongue or the sand. With damage to the larynx worsen the voice down to Afony. The state of patients with medium gravity or severe, the temperature of the body is high, ESP is elevated, there is leukocytosis with an increase in the number of pulp neutrophils; The patient notices the weight loss.

The diagnosis is established on the basis of the clinical picture and detecting the tuberculosis process in the lungs (radiography). With peptic forms, a good non-traumatic method of fast diagnostics is a cytological examination of the scraping or imprint from the surface of the ulcer. In case of obtaining a negative result and an unclear clinical picture, biopsy is produced.

Tuberculosis (predominantly exudative peptic) area of \u200b\u200bthe oz and the pharynx should be differentiated from acute banal angins and simanovsky's angins, faces, agranulocyte angina. Located in the same form of tuberculosis of the larynx, you need to distinguish from influenza submembratus septic laryngitis and abscesses of larynx, herpes, injuries, fabrics, acute insulated pemphus, lesions in diseases of the blood-made organs.

Emergency goal - elimination or at least a decrease in pain syndrome. To do this, intracutaneous blockages of 0.25% novocaine solution are produced. Local painkillers are in the anesthesia of the mucous membrane using pulverizations or lubrication with 2% diene solution (10% cocaine solution) with adrenaline. After that, the ulcerative surface is lubricated with an anesthetic mixture of zobane (0.1 g of menthol, 3 g of anesthesine, 10 g of tannin and ethyl dusty alcohol) or Voznesensky (0.5 g of menthol, 1 g of formalin, 5 g of anesthesine, 30 ml of distilled water) . Before taking food, you can rinse the throat with a 5% novocaine solution.

At the same time, the overall tuberculosis treatment is beginning: streptomycin (1 g / day), vyomycin (1 g / day), rifampicin (0.5 g / day) intramuscularly; Inside the isoniazide is given (0.3 g 2 times a day) or protion mideos (0.5 g 2 times a day), etc. It is necessary to assign at least two drugs of different groups.

Abscess pharynx.

Paragonzillitis, paratonulate abscess

Parapesillitis of palatine almonds. Paratonzillitis - inflammation of the inflammation of the almond fiber arising in most cases due to the penetration of infection beyond its capsules and with complication of an angina. Often this inflammation ends with abscess. Occasionally, paratrozyllitis may have a traumatic, odontogenic (rear teeth) or bean origin with intact almond or be a consequence of hematogenous drift of pathogens in infectious diseases.

In its development, the process passes the stage of exudative-infiltrative, abscess and involution. Depending on where the zone of the most intense inflammation is located, the front, frontion, rear (retrotonzillar) and outer (side) paratrozillitis (abscesses) are distinguished. Most often there are insertion (supratonzillary) abscesses. Sometimes they can develop on both sides. The tonsillar phlegmonous process in the olomindal fiber may develop during an angina or shortly after it.

Parapesillites (abscesses) are usually accompanied by fever, chills, general intoxication, strong throat pains, usually with irradiation in the ear or teeth. Some patients do not take food because of pain and do not swallow saliva, which flows from their mouth, do not sleep. In addition, they may have dysphagia with throwing food or fluid in the nasopharynx and the nasal cavity. A characteristic symptom is triumism, which makes it very difficult to inspect the oral cavity and pharynx; Also noted the smell of mouth, the forced position of the head with a tilt forward and in the sore side. The submandibular lymph nodes increase and become painful during palpation. Eso and leukocytosis are usually increasing.

With pharyngoscopy, the patient with paragonzillitis usually detects that the most pronounced inflammatory changes are localized near the almonds. The latter is increased and offset, squeezing inflamed, sometimes sweeping tongue. The process is involved both the mild sky, the mobility of which is disturbed as a result. With pea-redger paratrozillite, the shifted down the book and the pin almond can be covered with anterior hand.

The rear paratonic abscess develops near the rear sky alignment or directly in it. It is inflated, thickened, sometimes swells, becoming almost vitreous. These changes to one degree or another apply to the adjacent part of the soft sky and the tongue. The regional lymph nodes will sweat and become painful, often rejects the corresponding damn-shaped cartilage, there is dysphagia, triumph can be less pronounced.

Lower paraphalitis is rare. The abscess of this localization is accompanied by strong pains when swallowing and progressing the language, irradiating in the ear. The most pronounced inflammatory changes are observed at the base of the sky-tongue handle and in the furrowes separating the sky almond from the root of the tongue and the paternal almond. The prudent language of the language is sharply painful when pressing the spatula and hyperemic. Inflammatory swelling with the swelling or without any applies to the front surface of the nastestrian.

The outer paratronzillar abscess is most dangerous, in which the suppuration occurs laterally almonds, the abscess cavity is deeply and difficult to be available, more often than with other forms, respiratory decompensation occurs. However, he, like the lower paratronzillitis, is rare. Almonds and the surrounding soft tissues are relatively little changed, however, the almond is protruding. The soreness during the palpation of the neck with the appropriate side, the forced position of the head and triumism, is developing regional cervical lymphadenitis.

Paramatonzillitis should be differentiated from phlegmonous processes arising from blood diseases, diphtheria, scarletins, facets of the throat, abscesses of the tongue almonds, phlegmons of the language and the bottom of the oral cavity, tumors. When ripening and favorable flow, paratronzillar abscess on the 3-5th day can open independently, although often the disease is delayed.

According to V. D. Dragomyretsky (1982), complications of parapharic are observed in 2% of patients. These are purulent lymphadenitis, reprahydic, mediastinite, sepsis, vapotitis, phlegmon bottom of the oral cavity, thrombophlebitis, jade, peelitis, diseases of the heart, etc. With all paratrozillites, antibiotic therapy is shown. It is advisable to appoint semi-synthetic penicillins, as well as various combinations of wide range antibiotics, metrogil ..

Paragonzillites in children are characterized by certain features, which are sick, although rarely, since the breast. The smaller the child, the harder there may be a disease: with a high body temperature, leukocytosis and an increase in social, accompanied by toxicosis, diarrhea and difficulty breathing. Complications are developing rarely and normally favorably.

When the patient's patient arrives in the hospital, it is necessary to immediately define therapeutic tactics. In case of primary paratrozillite without signs of ABS, as well as the development of the disease in young children, medication is shown. Antibiotics so patients are prescribed in the maximum age doses.

Conservative treatment is advisable only in the early stages of the disease. In addition to antibiotics, analgin, vitamins C and group B, calcium chloride, antihistamines (DIMEDROL, TAVEGIL, Supratin) are prescribed.

The main method of treatment of paratonic lines and mandatory - paratonic abscesses is their autopsy. With the most common reserved form of paratrozillitis, abscess is opened through the upper part of the necological paternal (front) alumni.

The incision should be long enough (wide), but not deeper than 5 mm. It is permissible to move on a large depth only with a blunt way with the help of Corncang towards the almond capsule. Under the rear abscesses, the incision should be carried out vertically, and with front-line - through the lower part of the gentle-tongue handle, after which it is necessary to penetrate the duck and a book on 1 cm or go through the lower pole of almonds.

The typical opening of the front abscesses is taken or at the point of translucent pus, or in the middle of the distance between the edge of the tongue base and the rear teeth of the upper jaw on the side of the lesion, or at the place of intersection of this line with a vertical spent on the sky-tongue handicuit. To prevent the injury of vessels, the scalpel blade is recommended at a distance of 1 cm from the tip to wind by several layers of sticky plastering or impregnated with a furaticiline solution with a gauze strip (used for the tamponade of the nose cavity). Only a mucous membrane should be cut, but to move deeper with a blunt way. Increased in the abscess at its opening is determined by the sudden cessation of the resistance of the tissue to the promotion of Corncang.

At the opening of the rear abscesses make a vertical incision behind the almonds in the place of the greatest protrusion, but it is first necessary to make sure that there are no arterial ripples in this area. The tip of the scalpel should not be sent to the rear agent side.

The incineration is usually produced under surface anesthesia, carried out by lubricating a 3% solution of dicaine, which, however, is ineffective, therefore it is pre-appropriate to produce premedicated by Promero. Reduces pain sensations when opening an abscess sublipal administration of novocaine or lidocaine solution. After opening the abscess, the move in it should be expanded, spreading the branches of the entered Corncang to the sides. In the same way, the velocked hole is expanding and in cases where the pnoe is not obtained as a result of the permission.

The radical method of treating paratrozillite and paratrozillic abscesses is abscess monoxillectomy, which is carried out with frequent angins in history or re-developing paratrozillitis, poor drainage of the opened abscess, when its course is delayed if bleeding occurred due to the incidence or spontaneously as a result of the vessel arrosion, as well as with other tonsilogenic complications [Nazarova G. F., 1977, and others]. Tonsillectomy is shown at all side (outer) abscesses. After the already produced incidence of tonsillectomy is necessary, if during the day after that there is no positive dynamics, if the abundant isolation of the pus is continued from the cut or if the scratch of the abscess is not liquidated. The contraindication to abscess monitorcilactomy is the terminal or very severe condition of the patient with sharp changes in parenchymal organs, brain vessel thrombosis, spilled meningitis.

Chronic non-specific inflammation of the pharynx relate to common diseases. Various adverse professional and household factors resulting in the occurrence of acute inflammation of the pharynx and the upper respiratory tract, with repeated exposure lead to the development of chronic inflammation. In some cases, the cause of the disease may be metabolic diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, diseases of the blood-forming organs, etc.

3.6.1. Chronic pharyngit

Chronic pharyngit(PHARYNGITIS CHRONICA)- chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, developing as a consequence of acute inflammation in inadequate treatment and non-decreasing etiological factors. There are chronic catarrhal, hypertrophic (side and granular) and atrophic pharyngitis.

Etiology.The occurrence of chronic pharyngitis in most cases is due to local long-term irritation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Contribute to the occurrence of chronic pharyngitis repeated sharp inflammations of the pharynx, inflammation of the sky almonds, the nose and the incomparatory sinuses, a long-lasting disorder of the nasal respiration, which

infant climatic and environmental factors, smoking, etc. In some cases, the cause of the disease may be diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and hormonal disorders, caries of teeth, drinking alcohol, acute annoying and excessively hot or cold food. Finally, chronic pharyngitis may occur under a number of chronic infectious diseases, for example, with tuberculosis.

Patomorphology.The hypertrophic form of pharyngitis is characterized by the thickening of all layers of the mucous membrane, an increase in the number of epithelium series. The mucous membrane becomes thicker and denser, blood and lymphatic vessels are expanded, lymphocytes are determined in perivascular space. Lymphoid formations scattered through the mucous membrane normally in the form of barely noticeable granules are significantly thickened and expanded, often due to the merger of adjacent granules; It is observed hyperection, mucous membrane is hyperemic. The hypertrophic process can mainly refer to the mucous membrane of the rear wall of the pharynx - granular pharyngitis, or to its lateral departments - side hypertrophic pharyngitis.

In atrophically chronic pharyngitis, sharp thinning and dryness of the mucous membrane of the pharynx; In pronounced cases, it is brilliant, "lacquered". The magnitude of the mucous glands and the number of them are reduced. There is a DECA-Method of epithelial cover.

During the catarial pharyngitis, resistant diffuse venous hyperemia is detected, the peasosis of the mucous membrane due to the expansion and state of the mall of the small caliber is observed, there is a periva-strict cell cell infiltration.

Clinic.The catarrhal and hypertrophic forms of inflammation are characterized by a feeling of sickness, dedication, tickness, awkwardness in the throat when swallowing, a feeling of a foreign body that does not interfere with the reception of food, but forcing frequently producing swallowing movements. With hypertrophic pharyngitis, all these phenomena are largely expressed than during the catarrhal form of the disease. Sometimes there are complaints of laying the ears, which disappears after several swallowing movements.

The main complaints in atrophic pharyngitis are-\u003e Touch the feeling of dryness in the throat, often the difficulty of the swallow- * I, especially with the so-called empty sip, often unpleasant smell of mouth. In patients often there is a desire to sing a sip of water, especially with long-term

be "E ° happens to note that not always the complaint with the patient corresponds to the severity of the process: in some insignificant pa-oogic changes and even with the absence of them

A number of unpleasant adverse sensations arise, which cause the patient to be long and stubbornly treated, and others, on the contrary, severe changes pass almost unnoticed.

Faringoscopicthe catarrhal process is characterized by hyperemia, some edema and thickening of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, places the surface of the rear wall is covered with transparent or muddy mucus.

For granular pharyngitis, the presence of granules on the rear wall of the granules - semicircular elevations of the magnitude of a dark red color, arranged on the background of a hyperemic mucous membrane, surface branching veins. Side pharyngitis is presented in the form of severity of various thickness located behind the sky a meek.

The atrophic process is characterized by thinner, dry mucous membrane, which has a pale pink color with a dull shade covered with plates with crusts, viscous mucus.

The treatment outpatient, is aimed primarily to eliminate local and total causes of the disease, such as a chronic purulent process in the nasal cavity and the incomplete sinuses, in almonds, etc. It is necessary to eliminate the impact of possible annoying factors - smoking, dust and gas supply, irritating food, etc.; To conduct an appropriate treatment for general chronic diseases that contribute to the development of pharyngitis. It has an important meaning of the oral cavity.

The most efficiently local therapeutic effect on the mucous membrane of the pharynx in order to purify the mucus and crusts.

With hypertrophic forms, a rinse is used with a warm isotonic or 1% solution of sodium chloride. The same solution can produce inhalation and pulverization of the pharynx. Reduces the swelling of the mucous membrane lubrication of the rear wall of the pharynx with a 3-5% solution of silver nitrate, 3-5% solution of protargola or collargol, can be recommended rinse with infusion of sage, cleanliness, biccardite, hexora-la, Mirismine, octenisept. The positive effect gives the use of antiseptics in the form of caramels for resorption in the mouth, which have a bacteriostatic effect - pharyngo-sept, hexalysis. Large granules are effectively removed using cryosium, cavity concentrated 30-40% silver nitrate solution, Wagotyl.

The treatment of atrophic rhinitis includes the daily removal of the mucinous-purulent nasal cavity and crust. It is better to make it isotonic or 1% sodium chloride solution with the addition of 4-5 drops of 5% iodine alcohol solution per 200 ml of liquid, Rotokan solution. The systematic and prolonged irrigation of the pharynx with these solutions is removed irritation of the mucous membrane, reduces the severity of pharyngitis symptoms. Periodically conduct courses

Inflammatory diseases of the pharynx can be divided into two main groups - the diseases of the almonds and diseases of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. In the first case, we are talking about angina, in the second - about pharyngitis. Angina and pharyngitis can be both independent diseases and accompanying.

2.5.1. Spicy pharyngitis (Pharyngitis Acuta) - acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It is found as an independent disease, but more often accompanies to the catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

Ethiology - viral and bacterial infections. The viral etiology of acute pharyngitis occurs in 70% of cases, bacterial is 30%. The predisposing factors are the general and local supercooling of the body, the pathology of the nasal cavity, the incomplete sinuses and nasopharynx, common infectious diseases, smoking and alcohol abuse, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Diagnosis does not represent complexity, however, it is necessary to take into account that the similar clinical picture can give diphtheria, catarrhal angina and other infectious diseases. Microbiological examination of the smear from the surface of the rear wall of the pharynx and almonds allows you to refine the diagnosis.

Clinic. It is characterized by sensations of dryness, burning, sore throat. Unlike angina with acute catarrhal pharyngitis, the pain in the throat is felt stronger with the "empty" throat, that is, the swallowing of saliva. Swallowing food is less painful. In addition, the patient points to a constant draining of the mucus on the rear wall of the throat, which makes it make frequent swallowing movements. General well-being is insignificant, the body temperature does not rise above 37 ° C.

With pharyngoscopy, the mucous membrane of the pharynx is hyperemic, edema, myshly-purulent raids are visible in some places. Often on the rear and side walls of the throat, separate follicles can be observed in the form of rounded bright red elevations - granules (Fig.82).

Fig.82. Acute pharyngitis.

Treatment. Usually local. Warm rinsing with antiseptic solutions (infusion of sage, chamomile, chlorophyllite, etc.), pulverying of the pharynx with various aerosols with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect (bioparox, hexasp, inhalipte, etc.), antihistamines, warm alkaline inhalations. It is necessary to exclude annoying (hot, cold, sour, sharp, salty) food, smoking, alcohol, observe gentle voice mode.

2.5.2. Angina or acute tonsillitis (Tonsillitis Acuta) - A common acute infectious-allergic disease, manifested by acute local inflammation of skydly almonds. Very common disease, which is typical of children's and young age; In 75% of cases, sick of thoroughts are persons under the age of 30 years. Angina (from Lat. ANGO - compress, stroke) was known since ancient times. In Russian medical literature, you can find a definition of angina as "throat toad". From the definition, it is clear that the infectious agent plays a decisive role in the development and course of an angina, therefore, it is possible to infect a person with air-drip or contact-household. As an infectious disease of the angina should leave after a certain immunity that protects against repeated diseases of this kind. In cases where angins continue to repeat over a year several times, it can be assumed that the body's immune forces are reduced. This circumstance must be taken into account when solving the issue of choosing a method of treatment.

The adverse environmental factors contributing to the development of an angina are the supercooling of the body, the region of the stop, the almond mucosa.
Etiology and pathogenesis. Angina's causative agent is usually hemolytic streptococcus. In addition, spiruchs of the mouth and the spidow-like wand may be causative agents, staphylococcus, viruses, anaerobic pathogens are evinted in some cases.

In the pathogenesis of an anef, a certain role is played by a decrease in the body's adaptive abilities to cold, sharp seasonal fluctuations in the conditions of the external environment, an alimentary factor, a disruption of nasal respiration, etc. Thus, for the occurrence of an angina, there is not enough pathogenic microorganisms to occur, but should be the one-time impact of exogenous and endogenous factors in Combining with a decrease in the resistance of the macroorganism. The development of angina occurs by the type of allergic-hyperairgic reaction. The allergic factor can serve as a prerequisite for the occurrence of such complications such as rheumatism, acute jade, polyarthritis and other diseases that have an infectious allergic nature.

Most often amateur almonds are affected, much less frequently, the pharyngeal, paternal, Gundy almonds. Often the disease of the tonsils are directly dependent on the state of the teeth, the oral cavity; Angina can be combined with the lesion of the gum mucosa, cheeks, accompany a number of common severe diseases.

Depending on the severity of the disease, the nature of morphological changes of the tonsils is allocated several types of angine:

Catarial angina. The easiest form of the disease. The inflammatory process is limited to defeat only the mucous membrane of the sky almonds.

Symptoms. Pain in the throat when swallowing saliva and food. The pain is not very strong, as a rule, the same on both sides; The patient complains of weakness, headache, feeling of fragments in the limbs; The body temperature rises to 37.0-37.5 ° C. The disease begins with a feeling of sore throats, dryness in it. Catarial angina is usually combined with a catarlet process of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, pharynx.

Clinical picture. Farlingoscopically defines the pronounced hyperemia of the mucous membrane, covering almonds, arms (Fig.83). The soft panel and the mucous membrane of the rear wall of the pharynx is not changed, which allows you to differentiate this shape of an angina from pharyngitis. The tongue is dry, covered by a raid. Often there is a slight increase in regional lymph nodes. The course of such an angina is favorable and the disease ends after 3-4 days.

Fig.83. Catarial angina.

Follicular angina. The heavier shape of the angina flowing with the involvement in the process of not only the mucous membrane, but also applies to follicles.

Symptoms. The disease usually begins with an increase in body temperature up to 38-39 about C. A pronounced throat pain appears, increasing when swallowing, often irradiages in the ear. The total reaction of the body is also expressed - intoxication, headache, general weakness, fever, chills, sometimes pain in the lower back and joints. In blood, neutrophilic leukocytosis is noted, the ESO can be accelerated to 30 mm / hour.

Clinical picture. Farlingoscopically, in addition to the pronounced swelling and redness of the Sky almonds themselves and the surrounding fabrics on the background of a sharp hyperemia, a yellowish-white color of the point, 1-2mm, corresponding to the ventulous follicles (Fig.84). The duration of the disease is usually 6-8 days.

Fig.84. Follicular angina.

Treatment. The same as with lacunar angina.

Lacooner aneg. Heavy disease, inflammatory process captures deeper almond departments. Under the influence of Streptococcus, the epithelial swelling arises in the depths of Lakun Almonds, then necrosis of the epithelium both on the surface of the almonds and in the depths of the lacuna. There is a lunch of the epithelium, the wound surfaces appear on the mucous membrane, fibrous raids are formed, located along the lacuna and near their mouths. Hence the name of this kind of angina - lacunar.

Symptoms. Strong sore throat when swallowing food and saliva, headache, weakness, breakdown, chills, sleep disruption, body temperature increase to 38-39 ° C.

Clinical picture. When examining the mouth of the pharynx, swells, swelling almonds, the mucous membrane of the almonds are hypereminated, on the surface of the almonds near the mouth of the Lakun, grayish-white raids are visible (Fig. 85). Regional lymph nodes, located behind the angle of the lower jaw, are preserved, they are painful and increased in size. As the disease develops, the nodes are reacting deeply along the outdoor jugular vein. Often, the same patient can simultaneously observe the signs of follicular and lacunar angina. The duration of the disease is 6-8 days.

Fig.85. Lacooner angina.

Treatment. It is usually carried out outpatient at home with the insulation of the patient and call a doctor to the house. In severe cases, hospitalization in the infectious department is shown. It is necessary to observe strict bed regime in the first days of the disease, and then home, with restriction of physical exertion, which is necessary both in the treatment of the disease itself and for the prevention of complications. The patient is distinguished separate dishes and objects of care. Children, as the most susceptible to the sore, are not allowed to the patient.

The basis of therapy in the treatment of angins is the preparations of the penicillin group, to which the most sensitive streptococci. It is necessary to take antibiotics at least 10 days. Most often antibiotics resistant to beta lactamases (Augmentin, Amoxiclav) are prescribed. In case of intolerance of penicillin, other groups of antibiotics are used, in particular cephalosporins and macrolides. It is also advisable to appoint antihistamine drugs. Recommended rich warm drink. Locally, it is possible to apply an inhalation antibiotic - bioparox. Plugs are prescribed with warm grasses with warm grasses (sage, chamomile, calendula, etc.), soda solution, furaticiline, warming compresses on the submandibular region. Perhaps the appointment of salicylates (aspirin), analgesics, mucolithics, immunostimulating drugs, polyvitamins. The bed mode is recommended 7-8 days. The term of disability is equal to an average of 10-12 days.

Each in life had to meet with various diseases of the ENT organs, most often there are viral or bacterial infections in the form of an ARVI, influenza or angina. But there are a number of other pathologies, the symptoms of which you need to know in order to diagnose the disease on time.

The structure of pharynx and larynx

To understand the essence of the disease, one should have a minimal idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure of the larynx and pharynx.

Regarding the pharynx, it consists of three departments:

• top, nasopharynk;
• rotoglot, middle department;
• gARTANDOGLET, Lower department.

Mountain, organ that performs several functions. The larynx is a food conductor to a digestive tube, it is also responsible for air flow in the trachea and lungs. In addition, voice ligaments are located in the larynx, thanks to which a person has the opportunity to make sounds.

Lane functions as a movement device, which has cartilage, connected with ligaments and muscle joints. At the beginning of the body there is a native, the function of which is to create the valve between the trachea and the throat. At the time of swallowing food, the Nadrostnik blocks the entrance to the trachea, so that food falls into the esophagus, and not to the respiratory organs.

What are the pathology of the ENT organs

For its course, the disease is classified as chronic and sharp. In the case of an acute course of the disease, symptoms are developing instantly, they are pronounced. Pathology is minced more difficult than in chronic flow, but recovery comes faster, on average for 7-10 days.

Chronic pathologies arise against the background of a permanent, non-bolted inflammatory process. In other words, the acute form goes into chronic without proper treatment. In this case, the symptoms occur not so rapidly, the process is sluggish, but the complete recovery does not occur. For the slightest provoking factors, for example, periccuring or entering the virus, a chronic disease occurs. As a result of a permanent infectious focus, human immunity is weakened, because of this, the virus or bacteria is not difficult.

Diseases of pharynx, as well as larynx:

• epiglotte;
• pharyngitis;
• tonsillitis;
• laryngitis;
• rinofaringitis;
• adenoids;
• cancer Gortan.

Epiglottitis

Diseases of the larynx include both the inflammation of the epiglotter (epiglotte). The cause of the inflammatory process is to enter the nastestrian bacteria with air-droplet way. Most often, the hamster is striking hemophilus influence and becomes the cause of the inflammatory process. Bacterium can not only cause the disease of the nastestrian, but also is the causative agent of meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis and other pathologies. In addition to Hemophilus, the Influence, the cause of inflammation of the Nastrance can:

• streptococci;
• pneumococci;
• candida fungus;
• eHEG or foreign bodies hit in the native.

Symptoms of the disease are developing rapidly, among the mains allocate:

• complicated breath with a whistle. In the epiglotan, an echo occurs, which leads to partial overlap of the larynx and trachea, which complicates the possibility of normal air intake;
• pain when swallowing, difficulties with swallowing food with the feeling that in the larynx, something interferes with something;
• redness of the throat, pain in it;
• fever and increase in body temperature;
• total weakness, malaise and anxiety.

Epigeltytite occurs more often in children aged 2 to 12 years, mainly boys. The main danger that the inflammation of the Nastestrian is the possibility of suffocation, therefore, at the first symptoms of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor. There are sharp and chronic inflammation of the epiglotany. If the sharp form of pathology has developed, the child should be accidentally delivered to the hospital, transportation should be carried out in a sitting position.

Treatment is to antibacterial therapy and maintenance of the upper respiratory tract. If the symptoms are not expensive to stop dangerous to life, they carry out tracheotomy.

Rinofaringite

The inflammation of the nasopharynx, which arises by damage to the throat and the nose with a virus, is called rinopargitis. Symptoms of inflammation of nasopharynses:

• nasal congestion, as a result, breathing difficulty;
• acute throat pain, burning;
• difficulty in swallowing;
• voting voting;
• temperature increase.

Children inflammatory process in the nasopharynk are more complicated than adults. Often the focus of inflammation from the nasopharynx spreads to the ear shell, which leads to acute pain in the ear. Also, when omitting the infection in the lower respiratory tract, the symptoms are accompanied by a cough, voices.

On average, the course of the disease of the nasopharynx lasts up to seven days, with proper treatment, the chronic form of rinopharyngitis does not accept. Therapy is designed to eliminate painful symptoms. If the infection is caused by the bacterium, antibacterial drugs are prescribed, in the case of viral lesion - anti-inflammatory medicines. It is also necessary to wash the nose with special solutions and reception of antipyretic means in need.

Glow diseases include acute and chronic laryngitis. The sharp form of pathology, rarely develops isolated, more often, laryngitis becomes a consequence of respiratory disease. In addition, acute laryngitis can develop as a result:

• stirring;
• with prolonged location in a dusty room;
• as a result of an allergic reaction to chemical agents;
• the result of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
• professional surge of voice ligaments (teachers, actors, singers).

The symptoms of such a disease of the larynx as laryngitis are characterized by:

Acute laryngitis with voting rest and necessary treatment is held within 7-10 days. If the recommendations of the doctor are not fulfilled relative to treatment, the symptoms of the disease do not pass, and the laryngitis itself goes into a chronic form. With laryngitis recommended:

• alkaline inhalation;
• voice peace;
• warm drinking;
• antitussive drugs;
• antiviral and immunomodulatory agents;
• antihistamine medicines with pronounced ethnicity;
• gargling;
• hot foot baths, for blood outflow from the larynx and reducing its ethnicity, etc.

Pharyngitis

The diseases of the pharynx are most often expressed in the form of pharyngitis. This infectious pathology is more often developing against the background of viral or bacterial lesions of the upper respiratory tract. Isolated pharyngitis occurs as a result of direct impact on the mucousness of the stroke of the stimulus. For example, with a long conversation in the cold air, the reception is too cold or, on the contrary, hot food, as well as smoking and drinking alcohol.

The symptoms of pharyngitis are as follows:

• sore throat;
• pain when swallowing saliva;
• sensation of abrasion;
• pain in the ear when swallowing.

Visually mucous pharynx hyperemic, in some places the accumulation of the purulent secret can be observed, the almonds are increased and covered with white raid. Acute pharyngitis is important to differentiate with catarrhal angina. Treatment mainly is local in nature:

• gargling;
• inhalation;
• compresses on the neck area;
• sleeping pupins from sore throat.

Chronic pharyngitis develops from acute, as well as against the background of chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, caries of teeth, etc.

Diseases of the pharynx can be expressed as an angina. The inflammation of the lymphoid tissue of the almonds is called angina or tonsillitis. Since other pharynx diseases, tonsillitis can be sharp or chronic. Pathology in children is especially often and acute.

The reason for the development of tonsillitis are viruses and bacteria, predominantly the following: staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, fungi genus Candida, anaeroba, adenoviruses, influenza viruses.

Secondary angina develops against the background of other acute infectious processes, for example, measles, diphtheria or tuberculosis. Symptoms of angina begin sharply, they are similar to pharyngitis, but have certain differences. The almonds are greatly increasing in the volume, painful to the touch, depending on the shape of tonsillitis, coated with purulent bending or their lacuna are filled with purulent contents. The cervical lymph nodes are increased, can be painful when pressing. Temperature of the body rises to 38-39 degrees. In the throat there is a pain when swallowing and an hour.

The classification of tonsillitis is quite extensive, the following of its shapes are distinguished:

• catarial - Surface lesions of almonds occurs. The temperature rises slightly, within 37-37.5 degrees. Inxication is non-mesmer;
• lacooner, almonds are covered with yellowish-white raids, the content of a purulent secret is observed in the lacunas. The inflammatory process does not apply beyond the limits of lymphoid fabric;
• follicular, almonds of bright scarlet colors, middle, diagnose the jointed follicles in the form of white-yellowish formations;
• phlegmosic form, more often is the complication of previous types of tonsillitis. Not only almonds, but also an okolidalki fiber. Pathology proceeds sharply, with a sharp pain, more often an abscess occurs on one side. Regarding treatment, an opening of a purulent bag and further antibacterial therapy is required.

Treatment is mainly drug, antibacterial and local impact on the mucous membrane of the pharynx. In cases where pathology acquires a chronic nature, systematically recurrent tonsillitis or the presence of abscess is an indication for the removal of almonds. Surgical excision of lymphoid tissue resorts in extreme cases if drug therapy does not bring due results.

Adenoid vegetation

Adenoids are hypertrophy of naso-cell almond, occurs in the nasooplot. Most often diagnosed in childhood from 2 to 12 years. As a result of the growth of adenoid vegetation, nasal respiration overlaps and the voting is bent, with a long presence of adenoids, a hearing impairment occurs. Hypertrophy of naso-cell almond has three stages, the second and the third cannot be drugized and requires surgical intervention - adenotomy.

Non-thorn bodies in a larynx or sip

The reason for the fall of the foreign body in the throat is most often inattention or hasty during meals. Children, staying unattended by parents, can try to swallow various small items, such as spare parts from toys.

Such situations can be extremely dangerous, it all depends on the shape and magnitude of the foreign object. If the subject got into the larynx and blocked partially its lumen, the danger of choking arises. The symptoms of the fact that the person was suppressed are:

Such a situation requires urgent medical care to the victim. Emergency assistance must be rapidly, otherwise the risk of suffocation is great.

Cancer pharynx or larynx

Diseases of the pharynx can be different, but the most terrible and unconditionally life-threatening is cancer. Malignant education in the throat or larynx, in the early stages it may not be displayed in any way, which leads to late diagnosis and, accordingly, the appointment of therapy is inexpressive. The symptoms of the tumor in the larynx are:

• not passing the feeling of the foreign body in the larynx;
• the desire to flip, interferes with the object;
• hemochlorin;
• constant pain in the field of pharynx;
• difficulties with breathing when achieving large tumor sizes;
• dysphony and even aphonia, with the localization of education near the voice ligaments;
• general weakness and disability;
• lack of appetite;
• weight loss.

Oncological diseases are extremely dangerous for life and have a disappointing forecast. Medium cancer treatment is prescribed depending on the pathology stage. The main method is the operational intervention and removal of malignant education. Also apply radiation irradiation and chemotherapy. The appointment of one or another method of treatment is purely individually.

Each disease, regardless of the complexity of the flow, requires attention. You should not engage in self-medication and the more diagnosed yourself. Pathology may be much more difficult than you assume. Timely diagnosis and fulfillment of all prescriptions of the doctor, makes it possible to achieve complete recovery and lack of complications.

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