Read a summary of the fathers and children novel. A brief retelling of "Fathers and Sons" by chapters: description of events, characteristics of heroes
Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" reveals several problems at once. One reflects the conflict of generations and clearly demonstrates a way to get out of it, while preserving the main thing - the value of the family. In the second - the processes taking place in the society of that time are demonstrated. Through dialogues and skillfully designed images of heroes, a type of public figure that has just begun to emerge is presented, denying all the foundations of the existing statehood and ridiculing such moral and ethical values \u200b\u200bas love feelings and sincere affections.
Ivan Sergeevich himself in the work does not take either side. As an author, he condemns both the nobility and representatives of new social and political movements, clearly showing that the value of life and sincere affections is much higher than rebellion and political passions.
History of creation
Of all the works of Turgenev, the novel "Fathers and Sons" was the only one written in a short time. It took only two years from the moment the idea was born to the first publication of the manuscript.
The first thoughts of a new story came to the writer in August 1860 during his stay in England on the Isle of Wight. This was facilitated by Turgenev's acquaintance with a provincial young doctor. Fate pushed them in bad weather on an iron road and under the pressure of circumstances they talked with Ivan Sergeevich all night. New acquaintances were shown those ideas that the reader could later observe in Bazarov's speeches. The doctor became the prototype for the protagonist.
(The estate of the Kirsanovs from the film "Fathers and Sons", filming location Fryanovo estate, 1983)
In the autumn of the same year, upon his return to Paris, Turgenev worked on the plot of the novel and began writing chapters. Within six months, half of the manuscript was ready, and he finished it after his arrival in Russia, in the middle of the summer of 1861.
Until the spring of 1862, while reading his novel to friends and giving the manuscript to the editor of the Russian Bulletin for reading, Turgenev made edits to the work. In March of the same year, the novel was published. This version was slightly different from the edition that came out six months later. In it, Bazarov was presented in a more unsightly light and the image of the protagonist was a little repulsive.
Analysis of the work
Main plot
The protagonist of the novel, the nihilist Bazarov, together with the young nobleman Arkady Kirsanov, arrives at the Kirsanovs' estate, where the protagonist meets his comrade's father and uncle.
Pavel Petrovich is a refined aristocrat who absolutely does not like either Bazarov or the ideas and values \u200b\u200bshown to him. Bazarov also does not remain in debt, and no less actively and passionately, he speaks out against the values \u200b\u200band morals of the elderly.
After that, the young people get acquainted with the recently widowed Anna Odintsova. They both fall in love with her, but temporarily hide it not only from the subject of adoration, but also from each other. The main character is ashamed to admit that he, who spoke vehemently against romanticism and love affection, now suffers from these feelings.
The young nobleman begins to be jealous of the lady of the heart for Bazarov, misunderstandings occur between friends and, as a result, Bazarov talks about his feelings to Anna. Odintsova prefers a quiet life and a marriage of convenience to him.
Gradually, relations between Bazarov and Arkady deteriorate, and Arkady himself is fond of Anna's younger sister Ekaterina.
Relations between the older generation of the Kirsanovs and Bazarov are heating up, it comes to a duel, in which Pavel Petrovich is wounded. This puts a fat point between Arkady and Bazarov, and the main character has to return to his father's house. There he becomes infected fatal disease and dies in the arms of his own parents.
In the finale of the novel, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova marries by convenience, Arkady and Ekaterina, as well as Fenechka and Nikolai Petrovich, are getting married. They play their weddings on the same day. Uncle Arkady leaves the estate and goes to live abroad.
Heroes of Turgenev's novel
Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov
Bazarov is a medical student, by social status, an ordinary person, the son of a military doctor. He is seriously interested in the natural sciences, shares the beliefs of the nihilists, and denies romantic attachments. He is self-confident, proud, ironic and mocking. Bazarov does not like to talk a lot.
Beyond love the main character does not share admiration for art, has little faith in medicine, regardless of the education he receives. Not considering himself a romantic person, Bazarov loves beautiful women and, at the same time, despises them.
The most interesting moment in the novel is when the hero himself begins to experience those feelings, the existence of which he denied and ridiculed. Turgenev clearly demonstrates an intrapersonal conflict, at the moment when a person's feelings and beliefs diverge.
Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov
One of the central characters in Turgenev's novel is a young and educated nobleman. He is only 23 years old and barely finished university. Due to his youth and temperament, he is naive and easily falls under the influence of Bazarov. Outwardly, he shares the beliefs of the nihilists, but in his soul, and further in the plot, this is evident, he appears as a generous, gentle and very sentimental young man. Over time, the hero himself understands this.
Unlike Bazarov, Arkady loves to talk a lot and beautifully, he is emotional, cheerful and values \u200b\u200baffection. He believes in marriage. Despite the conflict between fathers and children shown at the beginning of the novel, Arkady loves both his uncle and his father.
Odintsova Anna Sergeevna is an early widowed rich person who at one time got married not for love, but for calculation, in order to save herself from poverty. One of the main heroines of the novel loves peace and her own independence. She never loved anyone and was not attached to anyone.
For the main characters, she looks beautiful and inaccessible, because she does not reciprocate with anyone. Even after the death of the hero, she remarries, and again by calculation.
The younger sister of the widow Odintsova, Katya, is very young. She is only 20 years old. Catherine is one of the loveliest and lovable characters in the novel. She is kind, sociable, observant and at the same time demonstrates independence and obstinacy, which only paint a young lady. She comes from a family of poor nobles. Her parents died when she was only 12 years old. Since then, she has been brought up by her older sister Anna. Her Ekaterina is afraid and under the gaze of Madame Odintsova feels awkward.
The girl loves nature, thinks a lot, she is direct and not flirtatious.
Father of Arkady (brother of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov). Widower. He is 44 years old, he is a completely harmless person and an undemanding owner. He is gentle, kind, attached to his son. He is a romantic by nature, he likes music, nature, poetry. Nikolai Petrovich loves a quiet, calm, measured life in the countryside.
At one time, he married for love and lived happily in marriage until his wife died. During years could not recover after the death of his beloved, but over the years he found love again and Fenechka became her, a simple and poor girl.
Refined aristocrat, 45 years old, uncle of Arkady. At one time he served as an officer of the Guard, but because of Princess R. his life changed. A secular lion in the past, a heartthrob who easily won the love of women. All his life he built in the English style, read newspapers in foreign language, did business and life.
Kirsanov is a clear adherent of liberal views and a man with principles. He is cocky, proud and mocking. Love at one time knocked him down, and from a lover of noisy companies, he became an ardent misanthrope who in every way avoided the company of people. In his heart, the hero is unhappy and at the end of the novel he finds himself far from his loved ones.
Analysis of the plot of the novel
The main plot of the now classic novel by Turgenev is Bazarov's conflict with society, in which he found himself by the will of fate. A society that does not support his views and ideals.
The appearance of the protagonist in the Kirsanovs' house becomes a conventional plot of the plot. In the course of communication with other characters, conflicts and clashes of views are demonstrated, which test Evgeny's convictions for endurance. This also happens within the framework of the main love line - in the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova.
Opposition is main reception, which the author used when writing the novel. It is reflected not only in its title and demonstrated in the conflict, but also reflected in the repetition of the protagonist's route. Bazarov twice turns up at the Kirsanovs 'estate, twice visits Odintsova and also returns twice to his parents' house.
The plot's denouement is the death of the protagonist, with which the writer wanted to demonstrate the collapse of the thoughts expressed by the hero throughout the novel.
In his work, Turgenev clearly showed that in the cycle of all ideologies and political disputes there is a big, complex and diverse life, where traditional values, nature, art, love and sincere, deep affections always prevail.
Year of writing:
1862
Reading time:
Description of the work:
Russian writer Ivan Turgenev wrote the novel Fathers and Sons in 1862. The novel played an important role in its era. For example, Yevgeny Bazarov, the main character of the novel, became an example to follow for young people in the 60s of the XIX century.
The reader sees on the pages of the novel Fathers and Sons, how Turgenev reveals the problems of economic troubles, the impoverishment of the people, the decay of the established traditions and the ties of peasants with the land.
Introducing you summary the novel Fathers and Sons.
May 20, 1859 Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, a forty-three-year-old, but already middle-aged-looking landowner, worried, waits in the inn for his son Arkady, who has just graduated from the university.
Nikolai Petrovich was the son of a general, but the military career intended for him did not take place (he broke his leg in his youth and remained "lame" for the rest of his life). Nikolai Petrovich early married the daughter of an ordinary official and was happily married. To his deep grief, his wife died in 1847. He devoted all his strength and time to raising his son, even in Petersburg he lived with him and tried to get closer to his son's comrades, students. Recently, he has been busy transforming his estate.
There comes a happy moment of a date. However, Arkady is not alone: \u200b\u200bwith him is a tall, ugly and self-confident young man, an aspiring doctor who agreed to stay with the Kirsanovs. His name, as he certifies himself, is Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov.
The conversation between father and son does not go well at first. Nikolai Petrovich is confused by Fenechka, the girl he keeps with him and from whom he already has a child. Arkady, in a condescending tone (this slightly annoys his father), tries to smooth out the awkwardness that has arisen.
Pavel Petrovich, father's elder brother, is waiting for them at home. Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov immediately begin to feel mutual antipathy. But the courtyard boys and servants willingly obey the guest, although he does not even think to seek their favor.
The very next day, a verbal clash occurs between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, and it was initiated by Kirsanov Sr. Bazarov does not want to polemize, but nevertheless speaks out on the main points of his convictions. People, according to his ideas, strive for one goal or another, because they experience various "sensations" and want to achieve "benefits." Bazarov is sure that chemistry is more important than art, and in science the practical result is most important. He is even proud of his lack of "artistic meaning" and believes that there is no need to study the psychology of an individual individual: "One human specimen is enough to judge all others." For Bazarov, there is not a single "resolution in our modern life ... which would not cause complete and merciless denial." He has a high opinion of his own abilities, but assigns a non-creative role to his generation - “first we need to clear the place”.
Pavel Petrovich sees the "nihilism" professed by Bazarov and Arkady, who imitates him, as a daring and unfounded doctrine that exists "in the void."
Arkady tries to somehow smooth out the tension that has arisen and tells his friend the story of Pavel Petrovich's life. He was a brilliant and promising officer, a favorite of women, until he met the socialite Princess R *. This passion completely changed the existence of Pavel Petrovich, and when their romance ended, he was completely devastated. From the past, he retains only the sophistication of the costume and manner and the preference for everything English.
Bazarov's views and behavior annoy Pavel Petrovich so much that he again attacks the guest, but he quite easily and even condescendingly breaks all the opponent's “syllogisms” aimed at protecting traditions. Nikolai Petrovich seeks to soften the dispute, but he also cannot agree in everything with the radical statements of Bazarov, although he convinces himself that he and his brother are already behind the times.
Young people go to the provincial town, where they meet with Bazarov's "disciple", the offspring of the tax farmer, Sitnikov. Sitnikov takes them on a visit to the "emancipated" lady, Kukshina. Sitnikov and Kukshina belong to the category of "progressives" who reject any authority in pursuit of the fashion for "free thinking." They do not really know anything and do not know how, but in their "nihilism" they leave behind both Arkady and Bazarov. The latter openly despises Sitnikov, while Kukshina's “does more champagne”.
Arkady introduces his friend to Odintsova, a young, beautiful and wealthy widow, whom Bazarov is immediately interested in. This interest is by no means platonic. Bazarov cynically says to Arkady: "There is a life ..."
It seems to Arkady that he is in love with Odintsova, but this feeling is putative, while a mutual attraction arises between Bazarov and Odintsova, and she invites young people to stay with her.
In the house of Anna Sergeevna, the guests meet her younger sister Katya, who is constrained. And Bazarov felt ill at ease, he began to get irritated in a new place and "looked angrily". Arkady is also uncomfortable, and he seeks consolation in the company of Katya.
The feeling instilled in Bazarov by Anna Sergeevna is new to him; he, who so despised all manifestations of "romanticism", suddenly discovers "romanticism in himself." Bazarov explains to Madame Madame Odintsova, and although she did not immediately free herself from his embrace, however, on reflection, she comes to the conclusion that “calm<…> best in the world. "
Not wanting to become a slave to his passion, Bazarov leaves for his father, a district healer who lives nearby, and Odintsova does not keep her guest. On the way, Bazarov sums up what had happened and says: “... Better to beat stones on the pavement than to allow a woman to take possession of even the tip of her finger. It's all<…> nonsense".
Bazarov's father and mother cannot breathe on their beloved "Enyusha", and he is bored in their company. After a couple of days, he leaves the parental home, returning to the Kirsanovs' estate.
Out of the heat and boredom, Bazarov turns his attention to Fenichka and, finding her alone, kisses the young woman firmly. Pavel Petrovich becomes a casual witness of the kiss, who is deeply outraged by the act of "this hairy". He is especially indignant also because it seems to him that Fenechka has something in common with Princess R *.
According to his moral convictions, Pavel Petrovich challenges Bazarov to a duel. Feeling uncomfortable and realizing that he is compromising his principles, Bazarov agrees to shoot the elder Kirsanov (“From a theoretical point of view, a duel is absurd; well, from a practical point of view, this is another matter”).
Bazarov slightly wounds the enemy and himself gives him first aid. Pavel Petrovich holds up well, even makes fun of himself, but at the same time he and Bazarov are embarrassed. Nikolai Petrovich, from whom the true reason for the duel was hidden, also behaves in the most noble way, finding justification for the actions of both opponents.
The consequence of the duel is that Pavel Petrovich, who had previously strongly objected to his brother's marriage to Fenechka, now himself persuades Nikolai Petrovich to take this step.
And Arkady and Katya establish a harmonious understanding. The girl shrewdly notes that Bazarov is a stranger to them, because "he is predatory, and we are tame."
Odintsova Bazarov, who finally lost hope of reciprocity, breaks himself and breaks up with her and Arkady. In parting, he says to his former comrade: "You are a nice guy, but you are still a little, liberal barich ..." Arkady is upset, but pretty soon he is comforted by Katya's company, declares his love to her and assures that he too is loved.
Bazarov, on the other hand, returned to his parents' penates and tried to forget himself in work, but after a few days "the fever of work jumped off him and was replaced by dreary boredom and deaf anxiety." He tries to talk to the men, but he finds nothing but stupidity in their heads. True, the peasants also see in Bazarov something "like a pea jester."
Practicing on the corpse of a typhoid patient, Bazarov wounds his finger and gets blood poisoning. A few days later, he notifies his father that, by all indications, his days are numbered.
Before his death, Bazarov asks Odintsova to come and say goodbye to him. He reminds her of his love and confesses that all his proud thoughts, like love, have gone to dust. "And now the whole task of the giant is how to die decently, although no one cares about this ... All the same: I will not wag my tail." He says bitterly that Russia does not need it. “And who is needed? A shoemaker is needed, a tailor is needed, a butcher ... "
When Bazarov was given communion at the insistence of his parents, "something like a shudder of horror was instantly reflected on the dead face."
Six months pass. In a small village church, two couples are getting married: Arkady with Katya and Nikolai Petrovich with Fenechka. Everyone was happy, but something in this contentment was felt and artificial, "as if everyone agreed to play some kind of innocent comedy."
Over time, Arkady becomes a father and a zealous owner, and as a result of his efforts, the estate begins to generate significant income. Nikolai Petrovich takes on the duties of a peace mediator and works hard in the public arena. Pavel Petrovich lives in Dresden and, although he still looks like a gentleman, “it's hard for him to live”.
Kukshina lives in Heidelberg and hangs out with students, studies architecture, in which, according to her, she discovered new laws. Sitnikov married a princess who pushed him around, and, as he assures, continues Bazarov's "business", asceticising in the role of a publicist in some dark magazine.
The decrepit old men often come to Bazarov's grave and cry bitterly and pray for the repose of the soul of their untimely deceased son. Flowers on the grave mound remind not only of the calmness of "indifferent" nature; they also speak of eternal reconciliation and endless life ...
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The novel begins on May 20, 1859. A young man who has just graduated from university, Arkady Kirsanov goes to the inn, where his father, Nikolai Petrovich, is waiting for him. Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is now 43 years old, but he no longer looks very young. He is worried before meeting his son. Moreover, the son is not traveling alone - his student friend Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov should come with him to the estate.
Nikolai Petrovich devoted his whole life to raising his son. Even when Arkady was already a student, Nikolai Petrovich lived in St. Petersburg with him, got to know his friends and tried to understand how modern youth lives. Nikolai Petrovich's wife died 12 years ago, and now his son Arkady and brother Pavel Petrovich were the closest people to him. True, there was also a girl named Fenechka, whom Nikolai Petrovich loved and who had a child with him, but the landowner tried to keep this fact a secret from his son for the time being.
The acquaintance of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Yevgeny Bazarov immediately develops into mutual hostility. The very next day, a major quarrel breaks out between them, the instigator of which, in truth, is Pavel Petrovich. There is nothing for Bazarov that he would not deny. He believes that art cannot be more valuable and more important than chemistry, and science is primarily practice, and only then theory. Bazarov's nihilism (that is, the denial of everything) seems to Pavel Petrovich to be simply blasphemous. He cannot understand how one can deny everything, including the love that he, Pavel Petrovich, once experienced, and which devastated him so much that after parting with his beloved he was no longer capable of any feelings or thoughts. Bazarov convinces him that he and his brother have no idea what modern life is.
In the provincial town Bazarov and the younger Kirsanov meet those who consider themselves followers of Bazarov - Sitnikov and Kukshina. They do not learn anything and do not master any profession, but their nihilism has reached such a degree that they leave far behind even Bazarov himself.
Arkady meets Odintsova, it seems to him that he is in love with her. In fact, this is not so - his feeling is simply contrived. But Bazarov became seriously interested in Odintsova, and his dreams are not at all about how he reads poetry to her under the moon, but about something more.
Arriving at Anna Sergeevna's home, friends get to know her younger sister Katya, with whom Arkady becomes close.
Bazarov leaves Anna Sergeevna, as he does not want to become a "slave to his passion", wants to remain independent of everything. Odintsova does not protest against his departure, since she also believes that the main thing is not passion, but calmness.
Bazarov goes to his parents, but cannot live with them without experiencing boredom, and a couple of days. He returns to the Kirsanovs' estate, where, due to his liberty in relation to Fenechka, he is forced to fight in a duel with Pavel Petrovich. Bazarov easily wounds him and himself provides first aid. But after this duel, Pavel Petrovich begins to insist that his brother marry Fenechka, although he had previously actively opposed this.
Bazarov parted ways with Arkady and Odintsova and moved to live with his parents. Soon, opening the corpse of a person who died of typhus, he becomes infected and dies. Before his death, he explains to Madame Odintsova, who comes to say goodbye to him. Six months after these events, two weddings take place at once - Arkady is married to Katya, and Nikolai Petrovich with Fenechka. Arkady takes over the management of the estate and achieves great success in this. Nikolai Petrovich is engaged in social work. Pavel Petrovich leaves to live in Dresden. And his elderly parents often come to the grave of Bazarov and grieve for their untimely deceased son.
The works written by I. S. Turgenev made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russian literature. Many of them are well known to readers of various ages. However, the most popular of his works is Fathers and Sons, a summary of which can be found in this article.
This work was completed in 1861 and became the answer to many questions that worried the minds of the writer's contemporaries. After all, this was the period preceding the abolition of serfdom. It became a turning point for Russia, whose public opinion was at the junction of the old conservative and innovative thinking that was going to replace it. All this provoked a conflict of ideologies, which the writer vividly showed on the example of the life of the Kirsanov family.
Writing history
The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a new work, which would reflect the surrounding reality, came to Turgenev while he was on the island of Hite, which belongs to England. The writer began to think about a major story about the life of a young doctor. The prototype of the protagonist (Bazarov) was the doctor whom Turgenev met by chance while traveling by rail. In this young man, the Russian writer was able to consider the beginnings of nihilism - a philosophy of denying the norms of moral culture, as well as generally accepted values \u200b\u200band ideals, which was just emerging in those days.
The Russian peasant is the same mysterious stranger about whom Mrs Ratcliffe used to talk so much. Who will understand him? He doesn't understand himself ...
Turgenev began his work in 1860. At that time, he left with his daughter for Paris and, having settled there, planned to create a new work as soon as possible. During the first year, he had already written half of the novel. Moreover, Ivan Sergeevich received great satisfaction from his work. He was greatly impressed by the image of his hero - Evgeny Bazarov. However, after a while the writer realized that he simply could not work in a foreign land, far from Russian events. That is why Turgenev returns to his homeland. Here, finding himself in the atmosphere of contemporary social movements, he successfully completes his novel.
Not long before the end of work on the book, a significant historical event took place in Russia, which was the abolition of serfdom. The writer finished the last chapters of the novel in his small homeland, in the village of Spasskoye.
Publications
The novel "Fathers and Sons" by I. Turgenev was introduced to readers by the popular literary publication "Russian Bulletin". As the writer expected, the ambiguous image of his protagonist caused a stormy reaction from critics. A lot of controversy about this work appeared in print. Critics wrote articles devoted to the analysis of the characteristics of Bazarov and the ideological orientation of the novel. And this is not surprising, because the author introduced his reader to a completely new image. His hero, who denies everything beautiful and familiar, became a kind of hymn to the nihilistic trend, still young in those years.
After the novel "Fathers and Sons" appeared in the "Russian Bulletin", Turgenev made a small revision of the text. He somewhat smoothed out some especially sharp features in Bazarov's character and made his image more attractive compared to the original version. An edited version was published in the fall of 1862. Turgenev dedicated it to his close friend V.G.Belinsky, thanks to whose influence Ivan Sergeevich's public views were formed.
The novel "Fathers and Sons" has taken its rightful place in Russian literature. This unique work reflected the eternal confrontation that exists between two generations, not only on the example of a single family, but also on the scale of a public and political life the whole state.
The meaning of the name
Of course, getting acquainted with the summary of Fathers and Children and the analysis of the work, the reader wants to understand the essence of its title. Undoubtedly, it should not be interpreted literally.
The work tells us about two families - two representatives of the older generation and their two sons. However, when considering the summary of "Fathers and Sons", the characters recede into the background. The main meaning of the novel is not at all in the description of their life. It is contained in the global differences in worldviews.
What can the analysis of the summary of "Fathers and Sons" by I. Turgenev tell us? The title of the novel tells the reader that there have always been, are and will be some contradictions in the communication of two generations. In this case, parents and their children are opposed to each other with the help of the union "and". But this is only on paper. In fact, there is a whole gap between them. This is a period of a quarter of a century or more, during which sometimes the cultural, economic and political situation in the country and, of course, the views of the public change completely. At the same time, the older generation strives to preserve the already established worldview, and young people acquire their own views on life. And this situation repeats forever. That is why the views of fathers and their children on life rarely coincide. This is the meaning of the title of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons", which tells us that it is very natural, and there is nothing reprehensible in it. At the same time, it is important that both parties maintain mutual respect for each other, and respect for the parents remains with their acceptance. good wishes, parting words and advice.
Ideology of the work
The meaning of the title of the novel is connected not only with the confrontation between children and their parents. When considering the summary of Fathers and Sons, the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work becomes clear to its reader. It lies in the belonging of two generations to different ideologies that are contemporary to each generation. In the novel, the author introduces the reader not only to representatives of two families. He also talks about several ideological worldviews, including liberal, conservative, and revolutionary-democratic. As for the last of them, one of the key figures of the work, Evgeny Bazarov, adheres to it. This young man is a future doctor, a follower of the German materialists and a supporter of nihilism. It was with the help of Bazarov that the author managed to create the main resonance of the novel. This hero instructs Arkady, enters into disputes with the Kirsanov brothers, openly expresses his contempt for the pseudo-nihilists Kukshin and Sitnikov, and later, contrary to all his views expressed by him, falls unrequitedly in love with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a rich widow.
Analysis of heroes and their characteristics
What can we learn from the summary of "Fathers and Sons" by Ivan Turgenev? The main conservatives reflected in the work are Bazarov's parents. His father, an army doctor, and his mother, a devout landowner, are accustomed to leading a measured lifestyle in their village. They love their son very much. However, the mother is worried that she does not see faith in him. At the same time, the parents are happy with Evgeny's successes and are confident in his bright future. Bazarov's father is even proud that in all his life their son has not asked him a single penny, trying to achieve everything himself. This characterizes the younger Bazarov as a strong, progressive and self-sufficient person. A similar image is also relevant for modern times.
Kirsanov's pseudonihilism
From the very brief content of "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev, we learn about a close friend of Evgeny Bazarov. This is Arkady Kirsanov. The author shows this hero as a person who is trying his best to correspond to Bazarov in the philosophy of nihilism that he approved. However, he does this far-fetched and unnatural. Arkady does not have a firm conviction that it is necessary to deny spiritual values.
Kirsanov is proud of himself and admires his friend Yevgeny. But at the same time, Arkady is sometimes forgotten. The mask falls off his face. Sometimes from the speech of this hero you can learn about his true feelings.
In the feeling of a person who knows and says that he is poor, there must be something special, some kind of vanity.
While Arkady presented himself as a staunch nihilist, he also fell in love with Odintsov. However, after he gave his preference to her sister Katya.
The worldview of the older generation
From the summary of the work "Fathers and Sons" we learn about the supporters of liberalism. They are brothers - Pavel and Nikolai Kirsanov. As for Nikolai Petrovich, his author describes him as a person with a fine mental organization. He loves literature and poetry, and also does not hide trembling feelings for Fenechka, his servant and the mother of his youngest son. Nikolai Petrovich is embarrassed that he loves a simple peasant girl, although at the same time he struggles to show that he has advanced views and is far from all sorts of prejudices. But Pavel Petrovich is Bazarov's main opponent in any dispute.
Men already from their first meeting dislike each other. It is not in vain that the author describes their internal and external opposition. So, Pavel Petrovich is squeamish and well-groomed. He winces at the sight of untidy clothes and long hair Bazarov. Eugene is ridiculous about Kirsanov's mannerisms. He does not hesitate to use sarcasm in the conversation and tries to prick his opponent as painfully as possible. The author shows the differences between them even when each of them pronounces the word "principle". So, from the mouth of Bazarov it sounds abruptly and sharply - "princep". Kirsanov draws out this word, pronouncing it slowly. At the same time, he puts emphasis on the last syllable - "princip", as if in the French manner.
Aristocracy is a principle, and only immoral or empty people can live without principles in our time ...
What do we learn about the confrontation between Kirsanov and Bazarov from the summary of Fathers and Sons?
In the end, the negative relationships that arose between the enemies reached their peak. The wranglers even decided to shoot themselves in a duel. The reason for this was that Bazarov insulted Fenechka's honor by kissing her hard on the lips. Due to the fact that Pavel Petrovich himself felt sympathy for the girl, he decided to challenge Eugene to a duel. How did it end? This we can also learn from the very short content of Fathers and Sons. Its outcome, fortunately, was not fatal. Bazarov remained unharmed, and Kirsanov was wounded in the leg. Such examples clearly indicate the completely opposite opinions of representatives of different ideological views and generations about typical situations that arise in life. This also reflects the meaning of the title of the novel, which turns out to be much deeper in its narrative than it might seem to the reader at first glance.
And today, when studying the content of the novel "Fathers and Sons", we are happy to get acquainted with its memorable, complex and controversial characters. At the same time, each of them clearly enough demonstrates the talent of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, as well as his subtle psychologism and his understanding of the human essence. Let's move on to review the summary of "Fathers and Sons" by chapter.
Start
What do we learn from the summary of Turgenev's Fathers and Sons? The first chapter of the work takes place in the spring days of 1859. The author introduces us to the small landowner Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. He is at the inn, where he is awaiting the arrival of his son. Nikolai Petrovich is a widower, the owner of a small estate and 200 souls. As a young man, he dreamed of a military career. However, a minor leg injury prevented his dreams from coming true. Kirsanov studied at the university, and after he got married and stayed to live in the village. A son was born in their family. When the boy was 10 years old, the wife of Nikolai Petrovich died, and he went headlong into the economy and was engaged in raising his son Arkady. When he grew up, Kirsanov sent him to study in St. Petersburg and even moved there for three years to be with the young man.
Acquaintance with Bazarov
What will the summary of the chapters of Fathers and Sons tell us next? Arkady Kirsanov did not come home alone. He brought his friend Eugene with him, with whom he asked not to stand on ceremony. The author tells us about this in the second chapter of the novel. Turgenev shows us Bazarov as a simple man. This is confirmed by his decision to go in a tarantula. Father and son sit down in a carriage.
Way home
Further, the summary of the book "Fathers and Sons" will introduce us to the 3rd chapter. She tells the reader how the Kirsanovs and Bazarovs went to their estate. The father did not hide his joy at the meeting, trying to hug his son and constantly asking him about his friend. However, Arkady was a little shy and tried to demonstrate his indifference. He talked to his father in a cheeky and indifferent tone, constantly looking back at Eugene. Fearing that his friend will hear his reasoning about the beauty of the local nature, he nevertheless asks his father about the affairs on the estate. It was then that Nikolai Petrovich told that the peasant girl Fenya lived with him. However, she immediately rushes to clarify that if her son does not like it, then she will leave.
Arrival at the estate
What next do we learn from the detailed Fathers and Sons summary? Upon arrival home, no one met the owners. Only an old servant came out onto the porch, and for a moment a girl appeared. Kirsanov brought the guests into the living room, where he asked to serve dinner. Here they meet a very well-groomed and handsome elderly man - Kirsanov's brother Pavel Petrovich. The man's impeccable appearance is very different from the unkempt Bazarov. After the meeting took place, the young men left the living room to put themselves in order. In their absence, Pavel Petrovich began to ask his brother about Bazarov, whose appearance he did not like very much.
Lunch passed almost in silence. The conversation did not go well. Everyone spoke little and, getting up from the table, immediately went to their rooms to sleep.
Morning the next day
Studying the novel "Fathers and Sons", in summary, we turn to the 5th chapter. From it we learn that Eugene, waking up the very first, immediately went to explore the surroundings. The boys followed him, and together with them Bazarov went to the swamp to catch frogs there.
The Kirsanovs gathered to drink tea on the veranda. At this time, Arkady went to Fenechka and learned that he had a younger brother. The news made him happy. He reproaches his father for hiding the birth of his son.
Returning to the estate, Bazarov took the frogs he had caught to his room. There he intended to conduct experiments on them. Arkady told his father and uncle that his friend is a nihilist who does not take any principles on faith.
Dispute
Let's continue to consider the summary of the chapters of "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev. The next of them, the sixth, tells us about a serious dispute that flared up between Evgeny and Pavel Petrovich during morning tea.
However, they do not hide their obvious dislike for each other. Eugene taunts his opponent.
The story of Pavel Petrovich
To somehow reconcile a friend with an uncle, Arkady tells Yevgeny the story of his life. In his youth, Pavel Petrovich was a military man. He was simply adored by women, and men envied the gallant military man. At the age of 28, Kirsanov fell in love with a princess. She had no children. However, she was married.
Pavel Petrovich suffered a lot and even gave up a successful career, following his beloved around the world. However, she soon died. Kirsanov returned to his homeland and began to live in the village with his brother.
The story of meeting Fenechka
Let's continue our study of the novel "Fathers and Sons". Its summary tells the reader how Nikolai Petrovich met a peasant girl. He met Fenechka three years ago in a tavern. There she worked with her mother, but things were going very badly. Kirsanov took pity on the women and took them home. Soon the mother died, and Kirsanov, having fallen in love with the girl, began to live with her. The author told us about this in the 8th chapter.
Eugene's acquaintance with Fenechka
How did the events develop further in the novel "Fathers and Sons"? From the summary of Chapter 9, we learn about Bazarov's acquaintance with Fenechka. Eugene told her that he was a doctor, and if the need arose, she could contact him without any hesitation.
Attitude towards Bazarov
From the summary of the 10th chapter of "Fathers and Sons," we understand that during the two weeks of Evgeny's stay on the estate, everyone managed to get used to him. However, at the same time, everyone had a special attitude towards the young man. The servants loved him, Pavel Kirsanov hated him, and as for Nikolai Petrovich, he doubted his correct influence on his son. During one of the evening teas, there was another dispute between Kirsanov and Bazarov.
Nikolai Petrovich tried to influence him, at the same time he remembered himself in his youth, when he also quarreled over misunderstanding with the older generation. On this parallel - fathers and children - the author focuses his attention in the 10th chapter.
Further narration
In order to retell the novel "Fathers and Sons" by IS Turgenev, we will find out what happened in the subsequent (11th to 28th) chapters.
Bazarov together with Arkady invites Anna Odintsova to her house. There they meet her younger sister, Catherine. The girl liked the guests so much that her presence fetters them.
Bazarov never considered himself a romantic. The concept of love was foreign to him. However, with the appearance of Anna Sergeevna in his life, his feelings changed. After a serious conversation with Madame Odintsova, Bazarov decides to go to his parents. He is frightened by the fact that a woman is able to take possession of his heart, making the young man her slave. But, having been at home for only a couple of days, he again returns to the Kirsanovs.
Fenechka also caught Yevgeny's attention. He even kissed the girl that Pavel Petrovich saw. The senior Kirsanov's dissatisfaction led the men to a duel. Evgeny slightly wounded Pavel Petrovich, but immediately provided assistance to his opponent. After the duel, Pavel persuaded his brother to marry Fenechka and gave his consent to this.
Relations between Arkady and Katya are improving. Bazarov again went to his parents, devoting himself to work. Once he contracted typhus. This happened due to the fact that while working with the corpse of a peasant who died from this disease, Yevgeny accidentally wounded himself.
As a doctor, he understands that his days are numbered. Bazarov, who is dying, is visited by Odintsov. She sees in him a completely different person, tormented by illness. The young man swears to Anna in his bright feelings for her and in love. After that, he ends the 27th chapter of the novel "Fathers and Sons". What does the author tell us next? Six months later, two weddings took place on one day. Nikolai Petrovich married Fena, and Arkady married Katya. Pavel Petrovich left the estate, going abroad. also married, choosing a spouse of convenience. Life went on as usual. And only two old people, Bazarov's parents, constantly spent their time at Yevgeny's grave, where two Christmas trees grew.
This is the summary of Fathers and Children. The quotes from the work can be found above.
Even the most impressive books can unwittingly fade in your memory over time; time is in a hurry to erase insignificant episodes from it. However, a literature teacher checks exactly the knowledge of the details, so he can make sure that the work has really been studied, read and analyzed (analysis of the book, by the way). That is why we offer a brief retelling of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" chapter by chapter. So you will definitely not miss anything.
The reader is transported to 1859 and sees the landowner Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. The author describes his fate: the hero grew up in the family of a wealthy general, and after graduating from St. Petersburg University he married his beloved woman. But after her death, the nobleman, living in the village, raised his first child alone.
When the boy enrolled in the university, he and his father stayed in the capital, and the elder Kirsanov did not miss the opportunity to be closer to his son, so he always tried to get acquainted with Arkady's comrades.
The author smoothly goes to the beginning, describing the present: now Nikolai Petrovich is a 44-year-old nobleman who is engaged in farming "in a new way." He does not succeed in this matter, but he does not give up, because he is waiting for a young son to help. The old man wanders impatiently through the inn and looks out for the carriage.
Chapter II
Finally, the long-awaited guest arrives, but not alone: \u200b\u200ba friend with him. Turgenev says this about:
in a long robe with tassels ... a naked red hand ... hanging sideburns ... a face expressed self-confidence and intelligence.
Arkasha himself is a rosy-cheeked young man who is very shy to show the joy of meeting his dad. In front of a stern and silent friend, the hero is clearly ashamed of his emotions.
Chapter III
All three go to Maryino, the Kirsanovs' estate. Arkady, in a conversation with his father, mentions another characteristic of Bazarov:
I cannot tell you how much I value his friendship ... His main subject is natural sciences. He knows everything.
From this conversation we learn that Bazarov is a future doctor, a naturalist, and Arkady is trying to resemble his friend, admiring him very much. He even tries to hide his own joy associated with returning home, since his friend does not like to express emotions too much.
The clash of the spiritual and the material, or rather, poetry and medicine, takes place already in the third chapter: Nikolai Petrovich reads Pushkin's lines by heart, which undoubtedly speaks of his subtle nature, and Bazarov simply interrupts him. The rudeness of the guest will be explained by his worldview. The hero considers reading Pushkin's poems completely inappropriate and unnecessary.
Chapter IV
At home they are greeted by Arkady's uncle, an elderly but very well-groomed and well-dressed man. He "took his beautiful hand with long pink nails from his trousers pocket," but he disdained to shake the guest's red hand. He immediately hides his beautiful brush in his pocket.
This is how a conflict arises: at first sight the men did not like each other.
Chapter V
Early in the morning, Eugene goes to the swamp with the peasant children. He urgently needed frogs as test material.
Arkady notices the inhabitant of the outbuilding - Fenechka, a serf girl. It turns out that she has a son from a master. The hero is glad to see his brother, but wonders why his father kept silent about such happiness.
Arkady enlightens relatives at the table, explaining the ethical and moral principles of a friend. He is a nihilist who takes the liberty of denying authority, traditional values, and conventional wisdom.
The guest returns with a swamp catch.
Chapter VI
The unfulfilled handshake of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov in the sixth chapter develops into a mutual antipathy of the heroes. Yevgeny declares his dislike for Russian scientific authorities, and his elderly interlocutor gets annoyed. He is accustomed to the manners of a court salon, and to get around the young upstart is offensive to him. He especially did not like the rude and impudent voice of the orator.
In the midst of the controversy, Bazarov reveals his truth:
A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.
Feeling the tension, Arkady tries to distract those present with a story about the fate of his uncle. So he wants to prevent ridicule of a relative, because he knows about the bile nature and sharp language of a friend.
Chapter VII
Pavel Petrovich was a brilliant officer, a star of balls and evenings, a welcome guest of all chosen people. But he had the misfortune of falling in love with Princess R., retired and followed her everywhere for many years. When Princess R. died, Pavel Petrovich settled with his brother in Maryino.
The emotional story does not touch the protagonist at all, he sees weakness in this act.
He believes that "a man who has put all his life on the card of female love and, when this card was killed to him, became limp and sank ... - not a man."
Confirming his nihilistic worldview, he calls all this romanticism nonsense, which is useless for society, unlike medicine.
Chapter VIII
Pavel Petrovich visits Fenichka, although he usually does not honor her. After describing the room, the author reveals the purpose of Kirsanov's arrival: he wanted to look at the seven-month-old Mitya.
In the same chapter, we plunge into the past and learn the secret of the rapprochement between Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka, the daughter of his housekeeper. Three years ago, a man decided to show pity and took two poor survivors, a mother and a daughter, to him. Not so long ago, the old woman died, and the soft and timid girl began to live with the master in an illegal marriage.
Chapter IX
Bazarov skillfully treats the baby Fenichka, talking to her about Mitya's health. He is ready to provide all the necessary services if the child needs a doctor.
However, Bazarov is in his repertoire: having heard Nikolai Kirsanov play the cello, Yevgeny only condemns him. Arkady is unhappy with this reaction.
Chapter X
During the two weeks of Bazarov's stay at the Kirsanovs' estate, Pavel Petrovich hated Yevgeny even more, and Nikolai Petrovich often listened to his speeches, looked at interesting experiments, but, of course, was afraid of a strange guest.
Eugene is again indignant in response to the reading of Pushkin's poems by Nikolai Petrovich, without hesitation he calls the owner of the house "a retired person." Then Pavel Petrovich, interceding for his brother, again collides with Bazarov in a heated verbal battle. Bazarov says that "denial is the most useful thing," but does not meet with support from the Kirsanovs.
And Nikolai Petrovich, recalling his misunderstanding with his mother, begins to compare this situation with his son Arkady.
Chapter XI
Nikolai Petrovich is nostalgic: he remembers his wife, involuntarily compares her to Fenechka, but realizes that his deceased wife was much better. His thoughts take on more and more sentimental notes, and he suffers from the realization that young people would condemn him for softness and sensitivity.
Bazarov offers his friend Arkady a trip to the city: his old friend Eugene lives there.
Chapter XII
As suggested by Bazarov in the previous chapter, he and Arkady went to meet with Evgeny's student. Separate lines are devoted to the description of the city, where they finally meet with a fussy man - Sitnikov, who considered himself a follower of Bazarov. The heroes also get acquainted with the official from St. Petersburg Kolyazin and the governor, which was facilitated by the connections of Father Arkady.
Sitnikov invites the heroes who have arrived to Kukshina. He himself calls her an emancipated, progressive woman.
Chapter XIII
Together with the heroes, the reader gets to know Kukshina as a caricatured image of a woman who considers herself educated and progressive. However, during the conversation, the girl is not particularly carried away by the answers of her guests, she only carries on meaningless conversations, which explains some of the discomfort of Arkady and Bazarov in her company.
For the first time for the work, an important name will sound - Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, who later will play a significant role in the life of the protagonist.
Chapter XIV
Thanks to the connections of his father, Arkady, together with his friend, come to the ball at the governor, where the son of Nikolai Petrovich meets. This sweet, young, rich landowner learns from her interlocutor about his friend. The girl is intrigued and asks both young people to visit her.
Bazarov is impressed by Anna Sergeevna.
He said that "she has such shoulders as I have not seen for a long time."
So, he decides that a trip to her is a good idea, and the men intend to pay a visit without keeping themselves waiting.
Chapter XV
Arkady and Bazarov head to her to meet, then the girl makes an even greater impression on Eugene.
The story of Anna Sergeevna's enrichment and widowhood is revealed to the reader: after she received an education in St. Petersburg, her ruined father dies, and she, out of despair, accepts the offer of Odintsov, a wealthy elderly landowner. However, her husband dies six years later, and Anna Sergeevna remains with his condition.
A frequent topic in conversation between Anna and Eugene is science. The heroes quickly approach each other, they are interested in communicating. At the end of the meeting, Anna Odintsova invited the heroes to her estate.
Chapter xvi
Odintsova introduces men to her sister Katya.
Bazarov teaches the environment, stating that all people are equally arranged, the organs are identical, as well as what a person proudly calls the inner world. All moral illnesses come from society and its delusions, so it is enough to correct it so that there are no more ills.
The author describes Odintsova. This is a devastated and indifferent person to everything. She thought she wanted everything, but, in fact, she wanted nothing. She had no prejudices, but she had no attachments as such.
Chapter XVII
The friends stayed in the Odintsova estate (Nikolskoe) for about fifteen days. Bazarov considered love to be stupidity, and "knightly feelings something like ugliness or disease." However, he indignantly noted that he himself was falling into Anna's trap. It was too good for him alone with this lady. However, Arkady found his ideal in Katerina.
In the same chapter, Bazarov meets his father's manager. He tells him that Yevgeny's parents are worried about his delay and are waiting for their son.
Chapter xviii
By the eighteenth chapter, the former Eugene may not be recognized: Bazarov, who denies any romanticism or recognizes love as nonsense, is aware of the feelings that have arisen for Anna Odintsova.
The man explains to the woman, but she rejects him. The peace of a lonely life is dearer to her. In despondency, Eugene goes to his parent's estate.
Chapter XIX
The heroes leave Odintsova to visit their parents. Changes in Evgeny are noticed not only by the reader, but also by his friend Arkady: the friend has become too busy.
Having seen off the guests, Anna Sergeevna nevertheless hopes that the conversation with Bazarov will again take place in the near future, although they parted very coldly.
Chapter XX
Friends come to Eugene's parents. Turgenev describes the delight of the character's parents associated with the long-awaited arrival of their son, although they tried to be a little more restrained, knowing full well of Eugene's worldview.
Bazarov has not seen his parents for three years, and, despite this, he is in no hurry to devote his father an hour of conversation. He complains about tiredness from the road, goes to sleep, but does not close his eyes.
Chapter XXI
Less than a week later, Evgeny decides to leave. In the bosom of the family, Bazarov thinks that everything is distracting him, and although Arkady is trying to convey to his friend how wrong it is, Evgeny stands his ground.
We are presented with the dark thoughts of the protagonist:
He did not break himself, and the wench will not break me.
Of course, the hero's parents were absolutely not happy with their son's decision to leave so soon. They grieved, barely daring to discover their annoyance.
Chapter XXII
The heroes come back to Maryino, where they are welcome.
However, it is not so easy for Arkady to sit still. After a while, he again leaves for the city, unable to pass Nikolskoye, where Anna and her sister received him perfectly. Meanwhile, Eugene plunges headlong into medicine, trying to recover from love ardor.
Chapter XXIII
Bazarov realizes where and why Arkady is going, and grins at his excuses. But Eugene himself prefers to hit the job.
The only person in the Kirsanovs' estate to whom Bazarov has a positive attitude is Fenechka. She saw in him common man, so she was not ashamed of him as the gentlemen. Even under Nikolai Petrovich, she was not so calm and free. The doctor was always happy to talk about her baby.
Once Bazarov kissed a girl, but Pavel Petrovich accidentally caught this scene.
Chapter XXIV
Then the old man takes a desperate step: he calls the young guest to a duel. He does not tell the real motive, but insults Eugene, stating bluntly that he is superfluous here. The aristocrat in him despises this rude and uncouth dork.
The duel does not turn out to be fatal for any of the characters, but it cannot do without casualties, and Bazarov shoots his opponent in the leg. However, like a real doctor, he immediately provides medical assistance to Uncle Arkady.
After the incident, Eugene leaves for his family, and his rival asks his brother to marry Fenechka. Previously, he opposed unequal marriage, but now he realized the need for it.
Chapter XXV
Arkady was always in the shadow of his older comrade, blindly imitating him and repeating his words. But after meeting Katya, everything changed. The girl pointed out to the gentleman that he was much kinder and nicer without Bazarov. This is he real.
On the way, Yevgeny calls into Nikolskoye, meets a friend and tells him that without him there was a complete breakup between Bazarov and his relatives.
Chapter XXVI
Katya and Arkady are in love, the young people exchanged confessions. The young man asks her consent to marry him. Excited and romantic Katya agrees to Arkady's proposal.
You and I made a mistake ... at first we interested each other, curiosity was aroused, and then ... "-" and then I fizzled out "- Bazarov answers her.
Eugene leaves forever: both the friend and the beloved woman are forever lost for him.
Chapter XXVII
The hero comes to his family. In the village there is a bad rumor about him, people do not understand his learning, the people are alien to his denial, although he himself sincerely believed that they somehow supported him.
This self-confident Bazarov did not even suspect that in their eyes he was something like a pea jester.
Eugene was in apathy, abandoned science. He only helped his father to heal the surrounding people. But even that was not given to him. During the autopsy, he cut himself and contracted typhus. He knows that death awaits him. Now he asks for one thing - to send for Anna.
He confides his feelings to a visiting guest, complains that no one needs him, that people did not understand and accept him, and yet he wanted to be useful to society. And I couldn't.
Chapter XXXVIII (Epilogue)
All the couples got married: Nikolai Petrovich married Fenechka, Arkady - Katya. Even Anna is marrying an intelligent but cold person who fits her completely.
In the last lines of the work, Turgenev describes a grave in a rural cemetery, where only an elderly couple often come to their beloved son.
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