A complex sentence with a comparative clause. SPP with relative comparative lesson plans in the Russian language (grade 9) on the topic

What questions are answered by relative clauses and concessions, what unions and allied words are attached to the main thing, in what cases we can be mistaken in determining the type of clauses - this is our lesson.

Topic: Complex sentences

Lesson: Complex sentences with relative clauses, concessions

Term relative clause indicates that something in the sentence is being compared, compared with something. The subordinate comparison just explains the content of the main thing with the help of comparison, it is usually located after the main part and refers to everything that is important. Comparative unions serve as a means of communication between the main and subordinate clauses. as, exactly, as if, as if, as if, as if, than… that, etc.

If there is an index word in the main so, then in the subordinate value of comparison is combined with the meaning of the course of action: how the tree quietly drops its leaves, so I drop sad words (S. Yesenin).

Subordinate comparisons are often incomplete: Broad shadows move across the plain like clouds across the sky. (A. Chekhov)

A special place in the system of complex sentences with a relative comparative is occupied by sentences with a double conjunction what ... so... In them, it is difficult to distinguish between the main and the subordinate clause, since the parts cannot exist independently. Traditionally subordinate clause the first part with part of the union is considered than, while the second part (with part of the union themes) is considered the main sentence:

The closer I got to the house, the faster my heart beat. (S. Aksakov / see M. Razumovskaya.)

The relative clause more fully and clearly than other comparative constructions expresses the comparison of objects and phenomena.

It is important not to confuse the relative clauses with the comparative turnover (this is part of a simple sentence, we separate it with commas, it does not have a predicate), with a predicate, which includes a union as, with uncommon circumstances of comparison, which can often be replaced by an instrumental comparison.

Subordinate clauses answer the questions: in spite of what? in spite of what? Attached to the main offer by unions although (though), despite the fact that, let, let, for nothing, allied words with an amplifying particle neither (whatever, whatever, where not, wherever, etc..): Whoever you are, my sad neighbor, I love you as a friend of a young age. (M. Lermontov.)

Since complex sentences with subordinate concessions in their meaning are close to compound sentences with adversary conjunctions but, and, however, nevertheless, nevertheless, we can see these unions in the main clause of a complex subordinate clause. Don't confuse these sentences.

It is necessary to distinguish the subordinate clause with the union word whatever from subordinate clause with union to:It takes a long time to write a book. - Whatever the author wrote, his works were always in demand.

Homework

Questions

1. What does the relative clause refer to?

2. What connects the relative clause with the main?

3. With what adverbial meaning can the relative clause be combined?

4.What constructions can be confused with the relative clause?

5. What questions are answered by clauses?

6. How are the relative clauses attached to the main thing?

7. Where is the error in the definition of clauses possible?

Exercise 1. Determine the type of subordinate clauses.

(1) The air is clean and fresh, like the kiss of a child. (M. Lermontov) (2) Despite the fact that the exam had already been passed, the excitement still did not leave the World. (3) Despite the passed exam, the excitement did not leave the World. (4) Dew is like diamonds on leaves. (5) Gerasim grew dumb and mighty, like a tree grows on fertile soil. (I. Turgenev) (6) Broad shadows move across the plain like clouds across the sky. (A. Chekhov)

Exercise 2. Ask a clause question.

(1) It takes a long time to write a book. (2) Whatever the author wrote, his works were always in demand. (3) The closer I got to the house, the faster my heart beat. (S. Aksakov / see M. Razumovskaya) (4) As a tree quietly drops its leaves, so I drop sad words. (S. Yesenin) (5) Even though the harp is broken, it is still crying. (S. Nadson)

Exercise 3. Draw a conclusion about the form of clauses in the sentences of exercise 2.

1. Efremova T. F. New Dictionary Russian language. Explanatory and derivational. - M .: Russian language, 2000 ().

2. Reference and information Internet portal "Russian language" ().

Literature

Russian language: Textbook for 9th grade. educational institutions / S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L. Yu. Maximov, L.A. Czech. M .: Education, 2011.

Russian language. 9 classes: textbook. for educational institutions / M.M. Razumovskaya, S.I. Lvov, V.I. Kapinos, V.V. Lviv; ed. M.M. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta, - M .: Bustard, 2011.

Russian language. Theory grades 5-9. V.V. Babaytseva, L.D. Chesnokova, Moscow: Bustard, 2011.

D.E. Rosenthal Reference book on spelling and literary editing. M., 2012.

Unified State Exam in RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Demonstration version of control measuring materials of the Unified State Examination in 2013 in Russian, prepared by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS".

Demonstration version of control measuring materials for conducting in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 state (final) certification (in new form) in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE of students who have mastered the basic general educational programs of basic general education, prepared by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS".

SUPPLEMENTAL PROPOSALS COMPARATIVE

Objectives: To get acquainted with the features of the structure of complex sentences with relative clauses.

Tasks:

♦ find SPP with relative clauses in the text, know what questions they answer;

• to distinguish SPP with relative clauses of comparison from SPP with subordinate clauses, externally similar to them;
• continue preparation for the final certification for the basic school course based on a comprehensive analysis of the text;

♦ improve punctuation skills.

During the classes

I. Working with vocabulary words:

Reserves - (fr.goeghe from lat re senate - save, save):

• Stock anything in case of need.
• Source, from where new means and strength are drawn.

Resource - quantitative measure of the ability to perform any activity; conditions that allow, with the help of certain transformations, to obtain the desired result.

Resource (technique) - the amount of work or the service life for which the machine, building, etc. are calculated. After the exhaustion of the resource, the safe operation of the device is not guaranteed, it needs major repairs or replacement.

Administrative resource - in politics, the possibility of using one or another political force of power structures for their own purposes.

Natural resources

Economic resources

Organizational resources

Trace resources

Financial resources

II. Repetition of the passed material.

A. Front-line survey of theory.

What sentences are called complex sentences?(Proposals, parts of which are linked by subordinate unions).

List the types of complex sentences.

What sentences are called relative clauses?(They answer the question what? They refer to the defined nouns or other words in the meaning of the noun. Attached to the defined words by union words).

What sentences are called explanatory clauses?(They answer questions of indirect cases. Most often they refer to verbs in the main sentence. Attached to the defined word with the help of conjunctions that, as if, so that; with the help of union words; with the help of the particle whether used in the meaning of the union).

What sentences are called clauses? (Those who answer the questions of circumstances and have adverbial meaning. Most often they are attached to the main thing by unions, less often by union words).

(Hand out cards)

B. Work with proposals (GIA).

Assignment: to emphasize the grammatical basis of sentences, to place punctuation marks in sentences, to determine the type of subordinate clause.

A. Where the river goes, there will be a channel.Subclause.

B. The hunter, of course, does not see the snipe, but he sees from the dog where he is.Explanatory clauses.

Q. We went out to a clearing where a huge oak tree grew in the evening.Subordinate clause.

D. The stars trembled in the deep blue of the sky, like dew drops on the grass.Comparative clause.

ASSIGNMENT: indicate the number of the proposal, which contains introductory word... Specify the number of the offer containing the comparison.

HOW DEFINED THE TYPE OF THE LAST OFFER? (By sense, as it contains a comparison).

III. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

IV. Work on the topic of the lesson.

1. Fill in the table about the adverbial clauses of the course of action, measure and degree. (Hand out cards with blank tables).

2. Check the completed tables:

TYPE OF SUPPLIED OFFER	SUPPLEMENTARY COMPARATIVE	ADDITIONAL IMAGE MEASURES AND DEGREE
QUESTIONS	AS?	How?
WHAT IS EXPLAINED IN THE MAIN	All main offer	The verb + ukl .; uk.pl. + adverb / adj. / noun
THE PRESENCE OF THE INDICATIVE WORD IN THE MAIN	No	there is
WHAT YOU JOINS TO THE MAIN	Only unions	Unions and union words

And now I will tell you about the structure of the SPP with comparative relative clauses, and you fill in the table in the course of my story.

* Applies to the entire main sentence.

* Answers the questions: HOW?

* Unions and union words are used: HOW; LIKELY; BUDTO; AS IF; SIMILAR TO; WHAT IS THIS.

* Place in relation to the main sentence: any. LOOK AT THE SLIDE AND COMPARE.

V. Consolidation of new material.

1. PERFORMANCE CONTROL. 167

2. Word of the teacher:

The main part of the sentence may contain an index word SO.

IF IN THE MAIN THERE IS AN INDICATIVE WORD SO, THAT IN SUPPLEMENTAL VALUECOMPARISONS COMBINED WITH STEERING VALUEME AND FROM THE WOOD.

In a number of manuals they refer to the clauses of the mode of action and degree.

3. Performing exercise. 168 (by options). The structure of sentence No. 5 is analyzed by the teacher.

A special place in the system of complex sentences is also occupied by

double alliance sentences than ... that. In them, it is difficult to distinguish between the main and the subordinate clause, since both parts cannot exist independently. Traditionally, a subordinate clause is the first part with a part of the unionthan Whereas the second part (with a part of the union of topics) is considered the main sentence.

Vi. Summing up the lesson.

VII. Homework.

1. Questions: relative clauses answer the questions: as? like what? However, it is not always possible to ask exactly these questions about the comparative clause. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to their means of communication.

2. Communication means: relative clauses are attached to the main clause unions: as if, as if, as if, as if (meaning "how"), as if, it doesn't matter what, just like, just how, than, than, than if, than ... and etc.

Comparative sentences with comparative conjunctions in the main sentence may have index words with the value of measure and degree:

Wind tore up overcoat so [as?], as if I wanted to tear her in two (Telpugov).

Such subordinate clauses combine the meaning of comparison with the meaning of mode of action and degree. In a number of manuals they refer to the clauses of the mode of action and degree.

Special group among sentences with comparative subordinate clauses, there are those in the main sentence of which there is an adjective or adverb in a comparative degree, and the subordinate clause is attached to the main clause with more than:

There are many more thoughts, feelings and poetic power in your mind than you thought (Paustovsky); The young man received more from home than he should have expected (Pushkin); Than to go to the bridge, we'd better look for a ford (Krylov).

Instead of the form of the comparative degree, pronouns are also used, another, pronoun in another way:

Of course, Crimea turned out to be completely different than I thought about it (Paustovsky).

This group of complex sentences differs not only in a special structure, but also in a special meaning. In a number of manuals, such constructions are distinguished into independent types of subordinate clauses.

A special place in the system of complex sentences is also occupied by sentences with a double conjunction than ... that. In them, it is difficult to distinguish between the main and the subordinate clause, since both parts cannot exist independently. Traditionally, a subordinate clause is the first part with a part of the union than, while the second part (with a part of the union of topics) is considered the main sentence:

The less we love a woman, the easier she likes us. (Pushkin).

3. Place in the offer: relative clauses can appear after the main clause, before the main clause, in the middle of the main clause.

Serve me [as?], how did you serve him (Pushkin).

, (as - union).

With dull sounds [like what?], as if someone hits a cardboard box with a palm, grenades are torn (Perventsev).

[ , (as if - union),].

The closer the day's shooting approaches the end, the more grumpy and more unceremonious surveyor (Kuprin).

(than), [themes ].

Note!

1) As already noted, relative clauses are close in meaning to the relative clauses of the mode of action and degree. You can sometimes ask the same question to both of them how? ... In the main sentence of complex sentences with such subordinate clauses, there may be the same indicator words, first of all - the indicator word so. Therefore, to distinguish between these types of clauses, it is necessary to take into account the totality of all signs. Pay also attention to the fact that, both in the subordinate mode of action and degree, it is a union word, and in the subordinate comparative - a union.

2) Comparative clauses are often incomplete sentences.

Wide shadows walk across the plain like clouds across the sky (Chekhov) - the predicate is omitted walk.

It is necessary to distinguish an incomplete subordinate clause from a comparative turnover. In the comparative clause, the omission of the predicate is allowed - it has already been named in the main clause (see the example above). Since in the subordinate clause with the omitted predicate, the subject and secondary terms remain, grammatically dependent on the predicate (circumstance, addition), the predicate can be easily restored.

Wed: Its existence is enclosed in this close program, like an egg in its shell (Chekhov). - His existence is enclosed in this close program, like an egg concluded in the shell.

If in a comparative construction there are no sentence members depending on the predicate, then it turns into a comparative turnover.

They drank grandma's liqueurs, yellow as gold, dark as tar, and green (M. Gorky).

3) Means of communication with what, what ... so in comparative clauses are unions, and not union words (these are not pronouns in the instrumental case!).

The types of adverbial clauses considered above correspond to the same-name categories of circumstances in simple sentence... However, there are three types of clauses (comparative, consequencesand annex solid),which do not match among the circumstances in a simple sentence. Common feature complex sentences with these types of clauses - the impossibility, as a rule, to ask a question from the main clause to the clause.

In complex sentences with relative comparative the content of the main clause is compared with the content of the clause. Subordinate comparative refer to the whole main proposal and join the unions like, exactly, like, boo then, as if, as if, with what ... with what and etc. For example:

1) (As we swarm in summer midges flies into the flame), [flew cereals from the yard to the window frame] (K. Pasternak] (as), ["].

2) [Small leaves bright and friendly turn green], (like who them washed and varnish on them brought) (I. Turgenev)- , (like).

3) [we threesome started talking], (as if the century do you know) (A. Pushkin)- , (as if).

A special group among subordinate comparativemake proposals with the union thanand with a double union than ... that.Double clauses what ... sohave comparativemeaning, interdependence of parts. Subordinate clauses with union than,in addition, they do not refer to everything that is important, but to the word in it, which is expressed in the form of the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb.

1) (The smaller the woman we love), [the easier nra we curl her] (A. Pushkin)- (what), [what].

2) [As time went slower], (than clouds were crawling across the sky) (M. Gorky) - [compare step.out.], (than).

Comparative clauses may be incomplete: they omit the predicate if it coincides with the predicate of the main sentence. For instance:

[Existence him concluded into this close program], (like egg in a shell) (A. Chekhov) - , (as).

The fact that this is precisely an incomplete two-part sentence is evidenced by a secondary member of the predicate group - in the shell.

Incomplete comparative clauses should not be confused with comparative clauses in which there can be no predicate.

Answers the questions - how? like what? like what?

The clause of comparison spreads the entire main part. The content of the main part is compared with the content of the clause. The subordinate clause is added by comparative unions as if, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if. In the main part of the NGN with a comparative relative clause, an index word can be used, which, however, is not required.

A special group within the SPP with comparative subordinate clauses is formed by those that do not relate to the entire main part, but to one word in it - to the form of the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb or to words differently, another, in a different way, in a different way.

The subordinate part is attached to the main part with the help of unions rather than. Relationships between parts are comparative or comparative.

Complicated sentences with clauses of the course of action

Answers the questions - how? how?

Refers to one word in the main part - an indicative pronoun adverb in one way or a combination in this way (sometimes they are omitted) and joins the main part with a union word like. The subordinate clauses are located behind the main part.

Compound sentences with subordinate measures and degrees

They answer the question - to what extent?

Subordinate measures and degrees denote a measure or degree of what can be measured in terms of quantity, quality, intensity. They join the main part of the unions that, so that, how, as if, as if and others. Or with allied words how much, how much.

Subordinate clauses with unions that relate to words so, such, so much, and so and to such an extent, to such an extent, and have an additional meaning of the consequence.

A separate group among SPPs with subordinate measures and degrees is made up of those in which the subordinate part is attached to words as much, as much with the help of union words as. In these sentences, only the meaning of measure and degree is expressed, and there is no additional shade of consequence. Subordinate measures and degrees can have an additional connotation of comparison; in this case, they join by comparative unions.

Compound sentences with clauses

Another type of subordinate clauses is presented in Russian. These are subordinate connections. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they are not equivalent to any of the members of the proposal, they cannot be questioned from the main part, which is the reason for their separation into a separate group. The means of communication of the subordinate clause with the main clause in this type of subordinate clause are allied words what (in the form of any case with or without a preposition), why, why, why, containing the content of the main part.