Heel spur 

Meanwhile, a comma. Putting a comma between parts of a complex sentence

In the subordinate clauses of a complex sentence, conjunctions and union words are used as if, where, for nothing, what if (if ... then), for, why, as if, as soon as, how, what, when, which, who, where, only, only, rather than, from where, why, while, because, why, as if, as, so, just, exactly though, whose, than, what, to etc. The subordinate clause in a complex sentence is highlighted commas on both sides, if it is inside the main part; if the subordinate part is in front of the main part or after it, then it is separated from it comma : Double skywhen the clouds went in different directions ended in rain for two days(Prishv.); When it got dark , I lit the lamp(Prishv.); It is common knowledgethat everyone who left Russia took the last day with him (Ahm.); Green askedto put his bed in front of the window (Paust.); Ahead was a white shroud,like a river overflowed its banks (A. T.); I will comealthough very busy ; If I get in the way, then leave(Paust.); Below lay the third layer,where there were many remnants of roman times (Paust.); It was hard to believethat there is a war on the sea (Paust.); It became audiblehow the fire buzzes inside the building (Shuksh.).

In complex sentences, complex conjunctions can be used: due to the fact that, in view of the fact that, instead of, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, if, while, due to the fact that, proceeding from the fact that, meanwhile, despite the fact that, because, before, like how, as, because, before, for the sake of, earlier than, in order, since, with the aim of, as well as, so that, the more that and etc.

"due to the fact that", are highlighted (or separated) by commas. In this case, the first comma is usually placed not before the union, but between its parts (before the word "what").Due to the fact that every event is like a ball covered with a complex pattern, eyewitnesses contradicted each other, not coinciding in the description of the incident, since everyone saw only the part of the ball facing him ...A. Green, The Shining World.In a similar way, allied constructions such as "due to the circumstance that", "due to the conviction that", etc. are formalized on the letter.

Subordinate clauses attached by the union "due to the fact that", are highlighted (or separated) with commas. In this case, the union can be entirely included in the subordinate clause (and not separated by a comma), but more often it is dismembered (in this case, the comma is placed between the parts of the union, before the word "what"). Before his death, Darwin, not without reason, expressed to Wallace a very hopeless view of the future of mankind, due to the fact that in modern civilization there is no place for the natural selection and experience of the most capable. V. Veresaev, Doctor's notes. The guest was waiting and just sitting like a host, who had just come down from the room assigned to him downstairs for tea to keep the host company, but quietly silent due to the fact that the owner is busy and thinks about something frowning ... F. Dostoevsky, Brothers Karamazov. It is also possible to put a comma before the union (before the word "in view"), and between its parts (before the word "what").I have an order from above: to avoid being staffed with monarchical elements, due to the fact that the population ... you see restraint is necessary.M. Bulgakov, White Guard.

"For nothing", are highlighted (or separated) by commas (less often a dash). There is no comma between the parts of the union. ...Tom Thumb, for nothing was small, very dexterous and cunning. L. Tolstoy, Boy with a finger. The nurse says: “ For nothing the patient, but also ... notices all sorts of subtleties. " M. Zoshchenko, Case history.

"because", "despite the fact that" highlighted by punctuation marks (commas). In this case, the first punctuation mark can be placed either before a compound union, or between its parts (before the word "what"). He did not marry one very rich and beautiful bride, whom he liked very much, the only because her great-grandfather was not a nobleman. S. Aksakov, Family Chronicle. He heard that women often love the ugly, ordinary people but didn't believe it, because judged by himself, since he himself could only love beautiful, mysterious and special women. L. Tolstoy, Anna Karenina. It immediately became clear that Kurenkov got off easier - the blow fell on the shoulder, despite the fact that he moved his hand more or less freely... V. Makanin, AntiLider. This is still despite the fact that we pay "excuses" to everyone - the kitchen chef, the storekeepers, the senior bartender, and the restaurant director... V. Kunin, Kysya.

"Especially since", are highlighted with punctuation marks. In this case, the first punctuation mark is usually placed before a compound union (before the word "that"), and not between its parts. This news made all the schoolchildren terribly excited, especially since our road to school passed by the river ... D. Mamin-Sibiryak, Bad comrade. The doctors told me, madam, to keep my feet warm, especially since I have to go now to tune the piano to General Shevelitsyna. A. Chekhov, Boots.

Combination "so that"can act both as a union and aspronouns + conjunction.

  • Union. The same as “and therefore, therefore”. Syntactic constructions beginning with the conjunction “so” are distinguished by punctuation marks (commas). In this case, the first punctuation mark is placed before the union (before the word "so"), and not between what parts. The next day, upon their arrival, it started pouring rain, and at night it flowed in the corridor and in the nursery, so that the cots were moved to the living room. L. Tolstoy, Anna Karenina.
  • Pronoun + conjunction. Syntactic constructions with the union “what” are distinguished by punctuation marks (commas). Berlioz's life took shape so that he was not used to extraordinary phenomena. M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita.

Syntactic Constructions Attached by a Union "as soon as", are marked with punctuation marks (usually commas). As soon as as soon as K. Paustovsky, Golden Rose. As soon as

Syntactic Constructions Attached by a Union "good", are highlighted (or separated) with commas. After the conjunction "good", no comma is put. The old coachman looked, looked, got off the goat, and into the tavern, good they got stuck near the pub. A. Fet, Song.

Union "In connection with what" adds a subordinate clause of a complex sentence, which contains an immediate consequence arising from the action of the main part. The subordinate clauses appended by this union are separated (or separated) by commas. She arrived at the front a few days ago, inconnection with what data on the officership in the personnel department of the headquarters is not yet available. V. Bogomolov, Moment of Truth.

"otherwise", are highlighted (or separated) with commas.Tell them not to dare to haunt us, in otherwise case they will be severely punished.V. Obruchev, Plutonium.

Subordinate clauses attached by the union "until", are highlighted (or separated) with commas. In this case, the first comma is usually placed not before the union, but between its parts (before the word "bye"). They'll put a collar on you and keep you awake until you won't lie to yourself. A. Chekhov, Sinner from Toledo.

Union "If (and) not ... then" connects homogeneous terms of a sentence, the first of which contains an unreal condition, and the second - an assumption, an assumption. A comma is placed before the second part of the union (before the word "that"). The offensive threatened to end if not the defeat of the attackers, then, in any case, a failure. M. Sholokhov, Quiet Don.

Particle + union word "Only when" separates the subordinate clause attached by the union word "when" with commas. In this case, a comma is placed before the "only" particle, and no punctuation mark is required before the "when". They might mean something again only when what they completely coincided with will disappear. A. Bitov, Notes of a Goy . However, a comma before the union word “when” is placed if the words “only when” are preceded by the demonstrative pronoun “then” (the construction “only when” is formed). But the trouble was that these whitish tongues crawled to the lakes, and he, on the contrary, strove to take the Fritzes to the forest and therefore dived into the fog then only, when it became completely unbearable. B. Vasiliev, And the dawns here are quiet.

Between the parts of the union"Insofar as"a comma is put.... I am old, ill, and therefore I find it timely to regulate my property relations insofar as they concern my family.A. Chekhov, Uncle Vanya.He could only judge her insofar as it fit into one or another paragraph of the state code... G. Chulkov, Emperors.“Undead is not life,” said Edik. - The undead only exist insofar as there is intelligent life "... A. and B. Strugatsky, Monday starts on Saturday.

Collocation "Not so that / so"can be both an expression that is integral in meaning, and a combination with a union:

  • An expression that is integral in its meaning. The same as "not really, not quite, not quite." No punctuation mark is placed between the parts of the expression (before the word "to"). Sang not So so that very slender, but they did it surprisingly well. V. Shukshin, Alone.
  • Combination with union. Syntactic constructs with the conjunction “to” are distinguished by punctuation marks, usually commas. Rot so , to bend, and not So, so that burst. S. Black, Soldier's Tales.

Syntactic constructs starting with conjunctions "As", "before","similar to", "since", "before" or "so as to", are highlighted with punctuation marks. In this case, the first punctuation mark can be placed either before a compound union, or between its parts (before the last word).

Subordinate clauses attached by the union "while", are highlighted (or separated) with commas. In this case, the union can be entirely included in the subordinate clause (and not separated by a comma), but it can also be dismembered (in this case, a comma is placed between the parts of the union, before the word "how"). He was married to a poor noblewoman who died in childbirth, in then time as he was in a driving off field... A. Pushkin, Young Peasant Woman. It’s funny for me to remember how strong the three of us smelled of lipstick. in then time, as we started going down the stairs... L. Tolstoy, Childhood. To hereven got annoyed on her for the fact that she recovered just while a letter was sent... L. Tolstoy, Anna Karenina. If the subordinate part of a complex sentence comes before the main one, the comma between the parts of the union “while” is usually not put (setting a comma is acceptable, but such punctuation is considered outdated).IN then time as we sat for whole hours on the fence, peering into the greenish water, from the depths of the tub these strange creatures now and then rose in flocks ...V. Korolenko, Paradox.

Syntactic constructions starting with union "On (that) case if", are highlighted with punctuation marks. Moreover, if the word "that" is absent, the first punctuation mark can be placed both in front of the entire compound union and between its parts.“A propos,” I said, “so as not to forget,“ how much would you take for your crocodile, on the happeningif a Would you take it into your head to buy it? "F. Dostoevsky, Crocodile.He took out a notebook from his red briefcase, on which he had sketched out an outline of a small compilation work he had invented. on the happening, if a in Crimea it will seem boring to be idle... A. Chekhov, Black Monk.All the breaks they hid in the restroom on the happening, if a suddenly Liza Tsypkina recovered and wants to today lead them.L. Ulitskaya, The Gift not Made by Hands.In the presence of the word "that", the first punctuation mark is placed between the parts of the union (before the word "if").I need to increase the firing sector on the that one happening, if a the dirty yellow stream will turn at us at once... A. and B. Strugatsky, a beetle in an anthill.

Combination "whereas"

  • Union. Same as "but, though, while". Syntactic constructions beginning with the conjunction "while" are distinguished by punctuation marks (commas). In this case, the first punctuation mark is placed before the word "then", and not before the word "how."It is remarkable that the descendants of the ancestors passed on their beautiful type to the later offspring to some men, whereas blond women have retained their local - and I must tell the truth - a very ugly type.A. Fet, Poor people.In all other countries, the sovereign left the people, then as in Japan, on the contrary, the people have the honor of descending from the sovereign, who directly descends from the gods... A. Bitov, Japan.
  • Adverb + conjunction. The "how" is preceded by a comma.To go to the army is not to scream a song: boast then, as you can; but God willing, you will lay your own violent head.O. Somov, They come to the field, they are not considered by birth.

Combination "Exactly the same as (and)" can act as a union.Union. Syntactic constructions beginning with the conjunction "just like (and)" are marked with punctuation marks. In this case, the first sign is placed before the compound union (before the word "exactly"), and not between its parts. In our time, there is no rumor about robbers, exactly So the same as about witches, sorcerers, the dead, brownies and all this hellish bastard, from which in the old days our ancestors had no life. M. Zagoskin, Evening on Khopr. ... And in the very grace there can be calculation, exactly So the same as and there may be grace in the calculation. M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Our friendly trash.

Combination "as" can act as a union or as an adverb + union:

  • Union. The same as "because". Syntactic constructions with the "since" conjunction are distinguished by punctuation marks, usually commas. They spoke little as it was forbidden. Yu. Tynyanov, Lieutenant Kizhe.
  • Adverb + conjunction. The same as "in the same way as", "to the same extent as". The "how" is preceded by a comma. He smiled as as if he was talking about women's pranks. Yu. Tynyanov, Death of Vazir-Mukhtar. It all started around as the she-wolf dreamed when the cubs were still small. Ch. Aitmatov, Plakha.

Syntactic Constructions Attached by a Union"as soon as", are marked with punctuation marks (usually commas).As soon as people appear in the started thing and as soon as these people come to life at the will of the author, they immediately begin to resist the plan and enter into a struggle with it.K. Paustovsky, Golden Rose.As soon as the thunderstorm passed, I went to the locksmith's shop and, while they were grinding out the key for me, I figured that I would be able to move to Murmansk not earlier than in a week ...K. Vorobyov, Here comes a giant.

In the union "Though / although (and) a / yes / but"a comma is placed before the second part of the union (before "a / yes / no").A life but heavy, but not an example. A. and B. Strugatsky, Doomed City... In the hut though smells bad Yes warm, at least ... I. Goncharov, Oblomov. Yes, he knows everything, understands everything and with these words tells me that but ashamed but you have to go through your shame. L. Tolstoy, Anna Karenina.

A close connection between the parts of the sentence is established when there is an amplifying particle in the subordinate clausenor ... This particle is closely merged with a relative word or subordinate union:who is not what, what no where no, where no, no matter how much, no matter how much, when not etc. The clauses with these combinations have the additional meaning of generalization and strengthening and are highlighted (separated) by commas:what nor ask, explain, teach, talk to her will never get bored.(N.) No matter how hard we tried, on that day we managed to reach only the mouth of the river.(Ars.)

A comma can be used in a complex sentence if the subordinate clause is an indirect question: Fortunately, he didn't think to ask me a simple question, is there an official investigation.

Meanwhile

adverb, conjunction and sentence member

1. Adverb. Same as "at the same time, in the meantime." Does not require punctuation marks.

Alexey (the reader has already recognized him) meanwhile gazed at the young peasant woman. A. Pushkin, Young Peasant Woman. Children meanwhile they ran along the street, tattered, unwashed; very likely, they were often even hungry .. . D. Grigorovich, Waiting for the ferry. “The day before yesterday, I saw him reading Pushkin,” he continued. meanwhile Bazarov. "Explain to him, please, that this is no good." I. Turgenev, Fathers and Sons.

2. Union. Syntactic constructions with the conjunction "meanwhile" are distinguished by punctuation marks, usually commas.

Only Germans could shoot and only at them, meanwhile you couldn't see the highway from here, so you couldn't see the Germans either. S. Sergeev-Tsensky, Bustards. Recently, in Russia, they have very often justified scoundrels, explaining everything by a painful state and affects, meanwhile these acquittals, this obvious indulgence and indulgence, do not lead to good. A. Chekhov, The Senior Gardener's Story.

3. Member of the proposal. Does not require punctuation marks.

You can sit up straight, but then you need to put your legs, putting them one on top of the other, stick meanwhile the very box where the letter lay, and the board that covers the steam heating battery. V. Shukshin, Post scriptum.


Punctuation Dictionary. - M .: Reference and information Internet portal GRAMOTA.RU. V. V. Svintsov, V. M. Pakhomov, I. V. Filatova. 2010 .

Synonyms:

See what "meanwhile" is in other dictionaries:

    meanwhile- meanwhile ... Spelling dictionary-reference

    meanwhile- See bye ... Synonym dictionary

    meanwhile- Frenzy. Meanwhile, at the same time. With verb. nonsov. and owls. species: when? meanwhile happen, happen, happen, happen ... Meanwhile the clouds thickened, hail, snow poured down ... (M. Lermontov.) I went to the right, through the bushes. Meanwhile, the night was approaching ... Educational phraseological dictionary

    meanwhile- see between; in zn. adv. At that time, in the meantime. Me / I look forward to the evening came ... Dictionary of many expressions

    meanwhile- I adverb are. time; = meanwhile At the same time, meanwhile. II union; = meanwhile Used when attaching the subordinate clause of a complex sentence (with the simultaneous action recorded in the main and subordinate parts) ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

    Meanwhile- Book. Meanwhile. BMS 1998, 371 ... Big dictionary Russian sayings

    meanwhile- between you ... Russian spelling dictionary

    meanwhile- union ... Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

    meanwhile- me / wait for those / m, union ... Together. Apart. Hyphened.

    Meanwhile (and meanwhile)- BETWEEN, preposition with tv. n. (from the genus. H obsolete). Dictionary Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Books

  • Meanwhile, L. Miller. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. The book contains the author's collection of poems by Larisa Miller for a half-century reporting period. ...

The subordinate clause is separated from the main comma, or separated by commas on both sides, if it is inside the main clause, for example: How long he sat by the defeated spruce, Andrei did not remember ...(Tambourines); Kapustin promised to come to an agreement with the head of the school so that he would increase the number of sorties for Meresiev, and invited Alexei to draw up a training program for himself.(B. Polevoy); It will soon be five years since I have been working at the school; It's been a month since he returned from the village- with an incomplete main sentence (but: He has already returned from the village a month ago- with the interweaving of the main and subordinate clauses; the comma would tear off the predicate returned from subject is he).

Incomplete or close to incomplete subordinate clauses are also separated by commas, for example: He did not understand what was the matter; Glad to help as much as I can; Remembered what they taught; People know what they are doing; Do what it takes; I can imagine anything; He understands what's what; Sit down where it is free; Scolded all and sundry; I'll meet you, you know where; Chatted, I don't know what.

But: Do what you want etc., see § 114, item 1.

Note 1. If the main clause is inside a subordinate clause (in a colloquial style of speech), then the comma is usually placed only after the main clause, for example: It cannot be said that he was engaged in the economy ...(Gogol) (compare: It cannot be said that he was engaged in the household).

Note 2. A comma is not put between the main clause and the following subordinate clause:

a) if there is a negation before the subordinate union or union word not, eg: Try to find out not what they have already done, but what else they are going to do; I did not come to hinder you, but, on the contrary, to help;

b) if a subordinate union or union word is preceded by a compositional union (usually repeated) and, or, or etc., for example: Consider what he said and how he said it; The student could not remember the name of the work, or who its author; Wed also with a single union: I had no idea how he would get out of this situation;

c) if the subordinate clause consists of only one union word (relative pronoun or adverb), for example: They reproach me, but I do not know why; Leaving, he promised to return soon, but did not specify when; Mother determined the temperature with her lips: put her lips to her forehead and immediately determine how much.

Note 3. If the words are in front of the subordinate union especially, in particular, namely, that is, and etc. with an attachment meaning, then the comma after these words is not put, for example: The partisans showed great resourcefulness and exceptional composure, especially when they were surrounded; The expedition will have to be completed ahead of schedule under unfavorable conditions, namely, if the rainy season begins; The author has the right to receive an advance payment in accordance with the terms of the contract, that is, when the manuscript is approved by the publisher.

§ 108. Comma for complex subordinate unions

If the subordinate clause is connected to the main one using a complex subordinate union ( because, because, because, because, because, because, because, despite the fact that, instead of, in order, in order that, while, after, before so how, since, just like and others), then the comma is placed one and the same time: before the union, if the subordinate clause follows the main clause or is inside it, or after clause clause if it precedes the main one, for example: ... His breathing became deeper and freer as his body was resting and cooling ...(Kuprin); The doctors were afraid for her life, especially since she not only did not want to take any medicine, but she did not speak to anyone, did not sleep or take any food.(L. Tolstoy); All the carts, because there were bales of wool on them, seemed very tall and plump(Chekhov).

However, depending on the meaning, the logical underlining of the subordinate clause, the presence of certain lexical elements in the sentence (see below), the complex union can fall into two parts: the first is part of the main sentence as a correlative word, and the second plays the role of a union; in these cases, the comma is placed only before the second part of the combination (i.e., before the union what, how to). Wed:

To every person in order to act, you need to consider your activity important and good(L. Tolstoy). - All this is said in order to to draw attention to the life of an army of thousands of budding writers(Bitter);

Wed also dismemberment of a complex union in sentences: Despite the fact that the wind ... rushed freely over the sea, the clouds were motionless(Bitter); In case someone sticks to you, let them see where you went(Kataev); Gorev was asked to be a translator in case guests were interested in the castle(Pavlenko).

More often, a complex subordinate union is not dismembered if the subordinate clause precedes the main one, for example: As the chaise approached the porch, Manilov's eyes became more cheerful and his smile spread more and more.(Gogol); Before I stopped at this birch line, I walked with my dog ​​through a high aspen grove.(Turgenev); Since I got married, I don’t see your old love from you(A. N. Ostrovsky); Only after four hours of duty at Stepan's bed had passed, Ivan Ivanovich departed soul(Koptyaeva).

The conditions for dismembering a complex union include:

1) the presence of negation before the union not, eg: Pastukhov got along with Tsvetukhin not because he gravitated towards actors(Fedin); Winkel did not go to Landsberg because he wanted to continue his intelligence activities.(Kazakevich);

2) the presence of reinforcing, restrictive and other particles before the union, for example: Natasha this winter for the first time began to sing seriously, and especially because Denisov admired her singing(L. Tolstoy); The driver stopped the car in front of the gate just in order for the people to subside; Is it worth giving up a difficult task just because it is difficult?(Krymov);

3) the presence of an introductory word before the union, for example: ... All this has an inexplicable charm for me, perhaps because I will no longer see them ...(Gogol); When visiting the Pryakhins, everyone felt free, perhaps because Pavel Romanovna did not try to occupy anyone(Koptyaeva);

4) the inclusion of the first part (correlative word) in a row homogeneous members, eg: Romashov blushed to real tears from his powerlessness and confusion, and from pain for the offended Shurochka, and because he could not insert a single word through the deafening sounds of the quadrille ...(Kuprin).

Note. Complex conjunctions whereas, as if how, while, while, union of investigation so that, the combination of the union with the amplifying particle even if, only when are not dismembered.

§ 109. Punctuation in a complex sentence with several clauses

  1. A comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses that are not connected by unions, for example: It seemed to me that my father was looking at me mockingly and incredulously, that I was still a child for him.(Bitter); Those who do not feel confident in their abilities, who do not have determination, let it be better to remain in their present place.(Azhaev).

    If after homogeneous subordinate clauses there is a generalizing word with a preceding introductory word or phrase ( in a word, in a word etc.), then the last is preceded by a comma and a dash, and after it - a comma (cf. § 99, item 1, note 2), for example: She listened to his arguments, and when he began to say that the war had brought change, that his presence would cause worries and break habits, that he worried about her - in a word, everything that came to his mind - the old woman's eyes were fixed on him..

  2. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are very common, especially when there are commas inside them, then a semicolon is placed between such subordinate clauses instead of a comma, for example: What was he thinking? That he was poor; that by labor he had to gain both independence and honor; that God could add intelligence and money to him; that after all there are such idle lucky ones, short-sighted minds, sloths for whom life is much easier(Pushkin); Davydov felt a little sad that much had changed there now; that now he will no longer be able to sit all night long at the blueprints; that now they seem to have forgotten about him(Sholokhov).
  3. A comma is not placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a non-repeating connecting or separating conjunction, for example: It felt like they were uprooting the whole forest at once and the roots ripped out of the earth and the earth itself groans and screams in pain(Fedin) (no recurring alliances here: first alliance and connects two subordinate clauses, the second - two homogeneous subjects roots and land, the third - two homogeneous predicates groan and yell); What is this connection and who is Kovpak, we did not know then(Medvedev).

    With repeated compositional conjunctions, a comma between the subordinate clauses is put, for example: While in the hospital, he recalled how the Nazis attacked them suddenly, and how they were surrounded, and how the detachment still managed to get through to their.

    Alliances whether ... or are considered repetitive, for example: ... To the left, the entire sky above the horizon was filled with a crimson glow, and it was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise(Chekhov) (cf. § 87 para. 4 and § 104 para. 1 para. 3 note).

  4. Between subordinate clauses with successive subordination, a comma is placed on a common basis, for example: ... Bobrov recalled the poems he had read in some magazine, in which the poet tells his sweetheart that they will not swear to each other, because vows would offend their trusting and ardent love(Kuprin).

§ 110. Comma at the junction of two unions

  1. With two adjacent subordinate unions (or a subordinate union and a union word), as well as when a compositional union and a subordinate (or union word) meet, a comma is placed between them if the removal of the subordinate clause does not require a restructuring of the main sentence (in practice - if the second does not follow further part of a double alliance then, so, but, the presence of which requires such a restructuring), for example: The maid was an orphan who, in order to feed herself, had to enter the service(L. Tolstoy) (subordinate clause to feed can be omitted or rearranged in another place of the sentence without rearranging the main part); Finally he felt that he could no longer, that no force would move him from his place, and that if he now sat down, he would no longer get up.(B. Polevoy) (conditional clause with union if a can be omitted or rearranged); And the woman kept talking and talking about her misfortunes, and, although her words were familiar, Saburov's heart suddenly sank from them.(Simonov) (when removing the subordinate clause with the union although prepositional pronominal combination from them becomes unclear, but structurally, such an exemption is possible, therefore, a comma between the compositional and subordinate unions in such cases is usually put).

    If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of the double union, then the comma between the previous two unions is not put, for example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he stretched out his hand through the window, dew would fall from the bushes.(Korolenko) (conditional clause with union if a cannot be omitted or rearranged without rearranging the subordinate sentence, since the words what and then); The woman's legs were burned and barefoot, and when she spoke, she shook warm dust to her sore feet with her hand, as if trying to soothe the pain.(Simonov) (when removing or rearranging the subordinate tense with the union when words will be next and and then).

    Wed also: A thunderstorm was approaching, and when clouds covered the whole sky, it became dark as at dusk. – A thunderstorm was approaching, and when clouds covered the whole sky, it became dark as at dusk.(in the second case after the union and, joining a complex sentence, the comma is not put); The fees were delayed, and when everything was ready for departure, it no longer made sense to go(after the adversarial union but a comma in these cases, as a rule, is not put, since neither deletion nor rearrangement of the subordinate clause following the union is possible).

    In sentences like He left a long time ago, and where he is now, I don't know comma after union and not put.

  2. A comma is usually not placed between the accessory union (after the dot) and the subordinate union, for example: And who you are, I know; And why this is said, I do not understand... The possibility of placing a comma after other connecting unions is associated with the intonational and semantic highlighting of the subordinate clause, for example: However, if you so insist on your proposal, I am ready to accept it..

§ 111. Dash in a complex sentence

With intonation underlining, subordinate clauses (additional and subordinate), less often conditional and conventional, standing in front the main sentence can be separated from it not by a comma, but by a dash, for example: If someone asks about what - be quiet ...(Pushkin); How he got here - he could not understand this in any way(Gogol); That she is an honest nature - it is clear to me ...(Turgenev); Let them tyrannize as they want, let them at least remove the skin from the living - I will not give up my will(Saltykov-Shchedrin); Will I look into the distance, will I look at you - and some kind of light will light up in my heart(Fet); Some books were sent to me, but I don’t know which ones..

§ 112. Colon in a complex sentence

The colon is placed before the subordinate union in those rare cases when in the preceding part complex sentence contains a special warning about the subsequent clarification (there is a long pause at this point and you can insert words namely), eg: And, having done this, he felt that the result was the desired: that he was touched and she was touched(L. Tolstoy); I am afraid of one thing: lest the overwork of people be reflected in their work; Every day it became more and more obvious the idea that was expressed to us more than once: that newspapers are not yet public opinion..

§ 113. Comma and dash in a compound sentence

A comma and a dash in a complex sentence are used as a single character:

1) before the main sentence, which is preceded by a number of homogeneous clauses, if the splitting of a complex whole into two parts is emphasized, for example: Who is to blame, who is right, is not for us to judge(Krylov); Whether Stolz did anything for this, what he did and how he did - we do not know.(Dobrolyubov);

2) before a word that is repeated in order to associate with it a new sentence (often a subordinate clause) or a further part of the same sentence, for example: Could this new social movement have not been reflected in literature - in literature, which is always an expression of society!(Belinsky); Now, as a judicial investigator, Ivan Ilyich felt that all, without exception, the most important, smug people - everything was in his hands(L. Tolstoy);

3) in the first (significant in terms of the volume of the proposal, most often complex, which is divided by a pause into two parts - increase and decrease) between its parts , eg: At that hour, when it seemed that there was no strength to breathe, when the sun, heating Moscow, fell in a dry fog somewhere beyond the Garden Ring, no one came under the linden trees, no one sat on the bench, the alley was empty(Bulgakov).

A semicolon is placed inside the parts of the period, if they are significantly widespread.

In other cases of a combination of a comma and a dash, each of these characters is put on its own basis, for example: Pushkin, our greatest poet, is the founder of the Russian literary language (a comma closes a stand-alone application, a dash is placed in the place where the bundle is skipped).

In the comments to the total exam, there is the following explanation:

Meanwhile he continued. Not recommended: He, meanwhile, continued. meanwhile, commas are not put, since this is an adverbial expression that performs the function of a time circumstance in a sentence (= meanwhile, at the same time). In the dictionary of V. M. Pakhomov, V. V. Svintsov, I. V. Filatova, this combination is defined as an adverb or as a union. In neither case is the use of commas required [Pakhomov, Svintsov, Filatov 2012: 247–248]. The dictionary of O. A. Ostroumova and O.D. Frampol notes the possibility of using it as an introductory combination: “The introductory combination is unstable; remarks (= by the way), intonationally stands out. Wed: In the room, meanwhile (= by the way), it got dark (V. Nabokov). - In the meantime (= meanwhile) the room has darkened. In the introductory word function ...

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PUNCTUATION

XXVI. DREAMING SIGNS WITH WORDS NOT GRAMMATICALLY RELATED TO MEMBERS OF THE PROPOSAL

§100. Introductory and inserted sentences

§101. Appeal

§102. Interjection

§103. Affirmative, negative and interrogative words

§99. Introductory words and phrases

1. Introductory words and phrases are marked with commas. There are several main groups of introductory words according to their meaning:

1) introductory words expressing the speaker's assessment of the degree of reliability of the communicated (confidence, assumption, possibility, uncertainty, etc.): of course, undoubtedly, without any doubt, obviously, certainly, of course, it goes without saying, undoubtedly, really, probably perhaps, true, probably, in all likelihood, perhaps, perhaps, perhaps, perhaps, it would seem, it would seem, apparently, apparently, perhaps, in fact, truly, true, isn't it, in essence, according to essentially, ...

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adverb, conjunction and sentence member

1. Adverb. Same as "at the same time, in the meantime." Does not require punctuation marks.

Alexei (the reader already recognized him), meanwhile, gazed intently at the young peasant woman. A. Pushkin, Young Peasant Woman. The children, meanwhile, ran along the street, tattered, unwashed; very likely, they were often even hungry ... D. Grigorovich, Waiting for the ferry. “The day before yesterday, I saw he was reading Pushkin,” Bazarov continued meanwhile. "Explain to him, please, that this is no good." I. Turgenev, Fathers and Sons.

2. Union. Syntactic constructions with the conjunction "meanwhile" are distinguished by punctuation marks, usually commas.

Only the Germans could shoot, and only at them, meanwhile, the highway was not visible from here, which means that the Germans were not visible either. S. Sergeev-Tsensky, Bustards. Recently, in Russia, scoundrels are very often justified, explaining everything by a painful state and affects, meanwhile these acquittals are an obvious indulgence and ...

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§ 21. Separate additions

1. Depending on the semantic load, the degree of circulation, proximity to the main part of the sentence, etc., nouns with prepositions or prepositional combinations can be isolated (separated by commas) except, instead of, in addition, in excess of, except, along with, etc. (conditionally called additions) with a restrictive or expansive meaning, ie, inclusions, exclusions, substitutions: The crowd dispersed, excluding a few curious and boys (T.); Beyond all expectations, my grandmother gave me several books (Ax.); Four guns in turn sent shells there, but beyond Grigoriev's expectation, the gunfire did not bring any noticeable confusion into the ranks ... (Sh.); Everyone took part in the general conversation, except for Kishi and Levin (L. T.); Here, besides a small table with a mirror, a stool and rags hung in the corners, there was no other furniture and, instead of a lamp, a bright fan-shaped light was burning (Ch.); For lack of space in the outbuilding, they took me ...

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"In addition" is ALWAYS highlighted with commas (both at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence).

“Most likely” in the meaning “very likely, most likely” is highlighted with commas (Of course, all because of the brandy and the steam room, otherwise he would most likely remain silent.).
In the meaning of "fastest" - NO (This way most likely it was possible to come to the house.).

"Hurry." If it means "better, more willingly", then WITHOUT commas. For example: "She would rather agree to die than betray him." Also WITHOUT commas, if in the meaning "it is better to say". For example: "uttering a remark or rather an exclamation."
BUT! A comma is needed if this is an introductory word expressing the author's assessment of the degree of reliability of a given statement in relation to the previous one (in the meaning of "most likely" or "most likely"). For example: "He cannot be called an intelligent person - rather, he is on his own mind."

“Of course”, “of course” - the word of course is NOT highlighted with commas at the beginning of the response, uttered in a tone of confidence, ...

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Today, within the framework of our fresh heading "A moment of literacy," I propose to discuss the issue of separating introductory words in a sentence. I think I will not be much mistaken when I say that every author uses introductory words in his written speech - to a greater or lesser extent. However, novice authors often have difficulties with the arrangement of commas, not everyone knows in which cases the introductory words require isolation, and in which they do not. It is with this question that we will deal with today.

Introductory words.

Usually, adverbs, verbs and other parts of speech act as introductory words, the main purpose of which is to express the speaker's attitude to what he is reporting. In sentences, introductory words are separated by commas. The simplest and most common way to determine if a word is introductory is to deliberately omit it in a sentence. If after omission the meaning of the statement does not change, then ...

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Highlighting introductory words, introductory sentences and insertion structures in writing

There are rules in the Russian language, the wording of which turns out to be quite complicated, it is difficult to reduce it to some elementary scheme (for example, the rule of spelling of adverbs). At first glance, the rule for setting punctuation marks for introductory words, phrases and sentences consists in a single wording - they are highlighted in the letter on both sides with commas. However, in fact, the difficulties associated with the use of introductory words and phrases in the texts lead to a huge number of errors in the written works of schoolchildren and applicants.

The standard mistakes associated with punctuation in introductory words are the following:
The introductory word is not highlighted;
A word that is mistaken for an introductory word, but is not highlighted;
The writer inaccurately uses punctuation marks when turned on ...

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Hello colleagues!

Did I expect my article on spelling mistakes by copywriters, as well as a video based on this material, to generate such an amazing response from readers?

I was pleasantly surprised that not only I am concerned about the unpleasant trend of declining literacy modern people... Note, I omitted the clarification “on the Internet” :) In fact, in our time, for personal purposes, rarely anyone communicates in the epistolary genre in any other way.

Well, we figured out the spelling a bit. Now let's talk about punctuation.

In principle, on the Internet, a kind of memo has been published more than once, which more or less systematize common mistakes.

Well, it's my turn to offer the world my own version of the cheat sheet.

The difficulty in compiling this memo lies in the fact that in the process of work I myself found exceptions for my own statements. Our Great and Mighty is not without reason considered ...

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Russian is one of the most difficult languages ​​in the world. A huge number of rules and exceptions lead to the fact that mastering the language at a good level is difficult not only for foreigners, but also for the indigenous people of Russia.

When writing and editing texts, you often need to brush up on the rules of the Russian language. In order not to go to Google or Yandex every time, I have collected in my blog the most important rules... And I want to start with the rules of punctuation in Russian.

Comma or not

"In addition" is always highlighted with commas (both at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence).

"Most likely" means "very likely, most likely" - separated by commas. For example: "Of course, all because of the brandy and the steam room, otherwise he would most likely remain silent." In the meaning of "fastest" - it does not stand out. For example: "This way most likely it was possible to come to the house."

"Rather" is not separated by commas:

If it means “better, more willingly” For example: “She would rather agree to die than betray ...

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10

Verbs, names and adverbs in a sentence can act as introductory words, which in one way or another - grammatically, lexically, intonationally - express the speaker's attitude to what he is reporting.

Compare the two sentences:

This question seemed to embarrass the guest.

His face seemed calm.

In both examples, the word seemed is used, but only in the second case is this word included in the members of the sentence: there it is part of the composite nominal predicate.

In the first example, the word seemed to serve only to express the speaker's attitude to what he communicates. Such words are called introductory words; they are not members of the proposal and can easily be overlooked, for example: This question ... made the guest difficult. Note that it seemed impossible to skip the word in the second sentence.

Compare a few more examples in the table:

Many words can be used as introductory words.
But there is a group of words ...

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11

2.10. Introductory words, phrases and sentences

1. Introductory words and phrases are not members of the sentence. With their help, the speaker expresses his attitude to the content of the statement (confidence or uncertainty, emotional reaction, etc.):

Example: Unfortunately, he did not have watercolors (Soloukhin).

Introductory sentences can serve the same function.

For example: I, dare I say, fell in love in the house (Turgenev) - in structure, a definite personal one-piece sentence; In life, you know, there is always a place for exploits (M. Gorky) - a two-part sentence in structure; We, if you want to know, we came to demand (Gorbatov) - the structure is a conditional one-part clause clause.

In writing, introductory words, phrases and sentences are usually separated by commas.

Digits of introductory words by meaning

2. According to their grammatical correlation, introductory words and constructions can go back to different parts of speech and different ...

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12

There are such constructions with the help of which the speaker expresses his attitude to the expressed thought, as:

1. Expresses confidence or uncertainty in what is reported: undoubtedly, of course, perhaps, perhaps, understandably, indeed, certain (probably), it seems, I am afraid, I hope, it is obvious, etc.: The future has probably already begun. Here, perhaps, has already begun.

2. Determines the order of thoughts, the sequence of their presentation: firstly, secondly, by the way, further, finally, etc.: The hotel building was, firstly, high and solid old masonry, and secondly, cornerstone.

3. Gives an emotional assessment of the reported: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, a strange thing, etc.: It's a pity that time will never return.

4. Indicates the source of thought, the nature of the statement: in general, in other words, you can say, so to speak, as they say, etc.: What, in your opinion, should not be done.

Plug-in constructs are not members of the sentence, i.e. do not answer one question ...

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Before deciding whether the combination "meanwhile" needs a comma or whether it is not punctuated, it is necessary to determine what this word is. It can be in different sentences a union, an adverb, or a combination of a preposition with a demonstrative pronoun.

"Meanwhile" is separated by commas

Before the phrase

If the word "meanwhile" connects sentences and is a union, then it must be preceded by a comma.

  • Recently, in Russia, scoundrels are very often justified, explaining everything by a painful state and affects, meanwhile, these acquittals, this obvious indulgence and indulgence, do not lead to good. (A. Chekhov, The story of the senior gardener.)
  • Only the Germans could shoot, and only at them, meanwhile, the highway was not visible from here, which means that the Germans were not visible either. (S. Sergeev-Tsensky, Bustards)

No comma needed

1. The adverb "meanwhile" is used in speech in the meaning "meanwhile" is not separated by commas.

  • In the meantime, the exams approached, and we went deeper and deeper into our studies.
  • Meanwhile, I was approaching Zelenogorsk - the purpose of my journey.

2. To the question "in the meantime" a comma at the beginning of the sentence is put or not, the answer is negative. After all, a comma cannot be put before the beginning of a sentence, and after a union it should not be either.

  • It was still quite early. Meanwhile, it was almost dark.
  • Peter was never late. Meanwhile, it's already a quarter past two, and he's not there yet.

3. A comma is not put after “meanwhile” if it is a combination of the preposition “between” and the pronoun “that”.

  • In the meantime, this summer the abyss lay.
  • Between the tree and the ravine, there was again an indistinct rustle, which so frightened Olga.

Do you know..

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(according to statistics from last week, only 29% answered correctly)

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