Hardware computer medical systems presentation. Presentation "information technologies in medicine"

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"Medicine of Russian Railways" - Features of healthcare of JSC "Russian Railways". A comprehensive solution to health issues. Implemented automated systems. The financing system is on a contractual basis. The system of departmental medicine on the example of Russian Railways. 66 centers are successfully operating in the National Healthcare Institution of Russian Railways. Perspective. The composition of the network of NUZ JSC "Russian Railways".

"Medical statistics" - Areas of application of averages. Non-repetitive selection of units of observation. The main sections of medical statistics. Relationship between parts of a whole. Population health statistics. Sample set. Fundamentals of medical statistics. Medical statistics. The number of deaths per year. health statistics.

"Payment for medical services" - Payment for a retired patient. Per capita financing. Estimated funding. Payment for individual services. Global budget method. Payment based on the spent bed-day. Payment for the patient. global budget. Payment for individual medical services. General requirements. Improving the efficiency of the health care system.

"Consent to medical intervention" - Medical intervention. The procedure for giving informed voluntary consent. Consent to certain types of medical intervention. Citizen. Medical organization. Possible consequences. Informed voluntary consent to medical intervention. Compulsory medical measures.

In total there are 20 presentations in the topic

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The classification of medical information systems is based on a hierarchical principle and corresponds to the multilevel structure of healthcare. There are: 1. Basic level medical information systems. The main goal is computer support for the work of doctors of various specialties.

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According to the tasks to be solved, there are: information and reference systems (designed for searching and issuing medical information on request) consultative and diagnostic systems (for diagnosing pathological conditions, including prognosis and making recommendations on treatment methods) instrument-computer systems (for information support and / or automation of the diagnostic and treatment process carried out in direct contact with the patient's body) automated workstations (AWP) of specialists (to automate the entire technological process of a doctor of the relevant specialty and provide information support when making diagnostic and tactical medical decisions)

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2. Medical information systems at the level of medical institutions. They are represented by the following main groups: information systems of advisory centers (information support for doctors during consultations) information banks of medical services (contain summary data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of employees of the institution, attached population) personalized registers (containing information on the attached or observed contingent) screening systems (for pre-medical preventive examination of the population) information systems of a medical institution (combining all information flows into a single system and automation of the institution) information systems of research institutes and medical universities

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3. Medical information systems of the territorial level. Presented: IP of the territorial health authority; IS for solving medical and technological problems, providing information support for the activities of medical workers of specialized medical services; computer telecommunication medical networks that ensure the creation of a single information space at the regional level

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4. Federal level Designed for information support of the state level of the healthcare system.

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Medical instrument-computer systems

An important type of specialized medical information systems are medical instrument-computer systems (MPCS). The use of a computer in combination with measuring and control equipment in medical practice has made it possible to create new effective tools to ensure the automated collection of information about the patient's condition, its processing in real time and management of its condition. MPCS belong to the medical information systems of the basic level. The main difference between systems of this class is the work in conditions of direct contact with the object of study and in real time.

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Typical representatives of MPCS are medical systems for monitoring the condition of patients:

during complex operations; systems for computer analysis of tomography data, ultrasound diagnostics, radiography; systems for automated data analysis of microbiological and virological studies, analysis of human cells and tissues.

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There are three main components in the MPCS: medical, hardware software.

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medical support

includes methods for implementing a selected range of medical tasks that are solved in accordance with the capabilities of the hardware and software parts of the system. Medical support includes sets of methods used, measured physiological parameters and methods for their measurement, determination of methods and permissible limits of the system's impact on the patient.

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Hardware

includes methods for implementing the technical part of the system, including means for obtaining medical and biological information, means for implementing therapeutic effects and computer technology.

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Medical diagnostics

The task of diagnostics in the field of medicine can be posed as finding the relationship between symptoms and diagnosis. To implement an effective organizational and technical diagnostic system, it is necessary to use artificial intelligence methods. The expediency of this approach is confirmed by the analysis of the data used in medical diagnostics, which shows that they have a number of features, such as the qualitative nature of the information, the presence of data omissions. The interpretation of medical data obtained as a result of diagnosis and treatment is becoming one of the serious areas of neural networks.

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Monitoring systems

The task of rapid assessment of the patient's condition arises in a number of very important practical areas in medicine and, first of all, during continuous monitoring of the patient in intensive care units, operating rooms and postoperative departments. In this case, it is required, on the basis of a long and continuous analysis of a large amount of data characterizing the state of the physiological systems of the body, to ensure not only the prompt diagnosis of complications during treatment, but also the prediction of the patient's condition, as well as to determine the optimal correction of emerging disorders.

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The parameters most commonly used in monitoring include:

electrocardiogram, blood pressure at various points, respiratory rate, temperature curve, blood gas content, minute volume of blood circulation, gas content in exhaled air. An important feature of monitoring systems is the availability of tools for express analysis and visualization of their results in real time. This allows you to display on the monitor screen also the dynamics of various derivatives of controlled values.

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Treatment management systems

These include automated intensive care systems, as well as prostheses and artificial organs created on the basis of microprocessor technology. In treatment process management systems, the following tasks come to the fore: accurate dosing of quantitative parameters of work, stable retention of their set values ​​in conditions of variability of the physiological characteristics of the patient's body. Automated intensive care systems are understood as systems designed to control the state of the body for therapeutic purposes, as well as to normalize it, restore the natural functions of the organs of a sick person, and maintain them within the normal range.

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According to the structural configuration implemented in them, intensive care systems are divided into: program control systems closed control systems Program control systems include systems for the implementation of therapeutic effects. For example, various physiotherapy equipment equipped with computer technology, devices for infusion of drugs, equipment for artificial lung ventilation and inhalation anesthesia, heart-lung machines. Closed intensive care systems combine the tasks of monitoring, assessing the patient's condition and developing control therapeutic effects. Therefore, in practice, closed intensive care systems are created only for very particular, strictly fixed tasks.

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Ways of development of medical information technologies:

1. It is necessary to widely introduce into clinical practice proven means and methods of informational influence that meet such requirements as safety and ease of use, high therapeutic efficacy. 2. Stimulate and encourage the development and creation of new means and methods of influencing the human body. 3. One of the main ways to solve a number of medical, social and economic problems is currently the informatization of the work of medical personnel. These problems include the search for effective tools that can improve the three most important indicators of health care: the quality of treatment, the level of patient safety, and the cost-effectiveness of medical care.

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A presentation on the topic "Medical information systems at the level of a structural unit of a medical institution" (Grade 11) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Informatics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 4 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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Medical information systems at the level of a structural unit of a medical institution. Food service information systems. Examples of some food service information systems. Food service automation subsystem "Interin PROMIS"

Completed by: student of group 254 Lomova K.V. Checked by: Dynkina G.B.

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Krasnoturinsky branch

GBPOU "SOMK"

EN.02 Information technology in professional activities

Information technology in medicine

Boyarinova O.V., teacher

1. Medical informatics

3. Ways of development of medical information systems

1. Medical informatics

Information processes are present in all areas of medicine and healthcare. The clarity of the functioning of the industry as a whole and the effectiveness of its management depend on their orderliness. Information processes in medicine are considered by medical informatics.

Medical Informatics – This is a science that studies the processes of receiving, transmitting, processing, storing, distributing, presenting information using information technology in medicine and healthcare.

• Subject study of medical informatics are information processes associated with biomedical, clinical and preventive problems.

• An object studies of medical informatics are information technologies implemented in healthcare.

• Basic purpose medical informatics is the optimization of information processes in medicine and health care through the use of computer technology, which improves the quality of public health.

Medical information is any information related to medicine, and in a personalized sense, information related to the state of health of a particular person.

Types of medical information

(G.I. Nazarenko)

• Alphanumeric - most of the meaningful medical information (all printed and handwritten documents);
• Visual (statistical and dynamic) - statistical - images (radiographs, etc.), dynamic - dynamic images (pupil reaction to light, patient's facial expressions, etc.);
• Sound - the patient's speech, flowmetric signals, sounds during Doppler studies, etc.);
• Combined - any combination of the described groups.

The main problems solved by computerized systems in health care

• Monitoring the health status of different population groups, including patients at risk and people with socially significant diseases;
• Advisory support in clinical medicine (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment) based on computational procedures or simulation of decision-making logic;
• Transition to electronic medical records and outpatient medical records, including payments for the treatment of insured patients;
• Automation functional and laboratory diagnostics;
• Transition to complex automation medical institutions (inclusion of workstations of doctors in information systems);
• Getting information from ACS institutions for federal registries for certain socially significant types of pathology, for regional and city registries - for various contingents;
• Creation of a unified information medical space of clinical data for the prompt adoption of adequate treatment and diagnostic decisions;
• "Transparency" for the attending physician patient data for any period of time, their availability at any time when accessing the database of the global medical network;
• Possibility of remote dialogue with colleagues.

The history of computerization of domestic health care

Informatics was introduced into medicine from several relatively independent areas, the main of which were:

• laboratories and groups involved in medical cybernetics;
• manufacturers of medical equipment;
• medical information and computing centers;
• third-party organizations involved in the automation of management activities;
• heads of medical institutions who independently introduced new technology.

The process of introducing computer technology into healthcare institutions of our country has almost half a century of history.

• In 1959, the first laboratory of medical cybernetics and informatics was organized at the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, and in 1961, a computer appeared in this laboratory, the first in medical institutions of the Soviet Union. Laboratories of medical cybernetics were also organized in a number of institutes of the Academy of Sciences.
• In the 60-70 years, many leading research institutes already had such laboratories. Computers have become more compact and cheaper, their total number in the country has exceeded a thousand. Access to them for employees of medical institutions has been simplified, and the number of medical tasks solved with their help has increased. In addition to statistical data processing, work on advisory diagnostics and prognosis of the course of diseases is being actively developed.
• In the 1970s and 1980s, computers became available not only for research institutes, but also for many large clinics. In addition to the work carried out earlier, the first automated systems of preventive examinations of the population appeared; attempts began to combine medical equipment with computers
• In the second half of the eighties, personal computers appeared, and the process of computerization of medicine took on an avalanche-like character. A large number of various systems for functional research have appeared. heads of medical institutions who independently introduced new technology.

• Since the beginning of the 90s, there has been an actual standardization of computer technology in healthcare. The main type of computer was a personal computer compatible with the IBM PC, and the Windows operating system.

With the advent of health insurance, relevant information systems began to be actively introduced. Statistical information systems began to be used to create medical reporting.

Today, computers have become an integral part of the equipment of all medical institutions. However, in most cases their potential is not fully exploited.

One of the reasons for this is the insufficient provision of hardware and software, especially communication devices, which does not allow for the transportation of data and the prompt provision of all specialists of the institution with them.

Another reason, probably more significant, is seen in the lack of knowledge and skills among medical workers necessary to work with modern personal computers.

2. Classification of medical information systems

The information system is a key link in healthcare informatization.

The classification of medical information systems is based on a hierarchical principle and corresponds to the multilevel structure of healthcare.

Distinguish:

• MIS basic level;
• MIS of the level of medical institutions;
• MIS of the territorial level;
• MIS of the federal level, designed for information support of the state level of the health care system.

Basic level medical information systems.

MIS basic level are information support systems for technological processes.

Purpose of IIA baseline : computer support for the work of a clinician, hygienist, laboratory assistant, etc.

According to the tasks to be solved, medical and technological IS are divided into groups:

• consultative and diagnostic systems;
• instrumental-computer systems;
• automated workplaces of specialists.

Purpose and classification of medical information and reference systems.

Features of this class of systems:

• they do not process information, but only provide it;
• provide quick access to the required information.

Classification:

• by its nature (primary, secondary, operational, review and analytical);
• on an object basis (medical facilities, medicines, etc.);
• by types of search (documentary, factographic).

Appointment and classification of medical consultative and diagnostic systems.

Diagnosis of pathological conditions in diseases of various profiles and for different categories of patients, including prognosis and development of recommendations on methods of treatment.

According to the method of solving diagnostic problems, there are:

• by types of stored information (clinical, scientific, regulatory, etc.);
• probabilistic (diagnostics is carried out by the implementation of one of the methods of pattern recognition or statistical decision-making methods);
• expert (the logic of making a diagnostic decision by an experienced doctor is implemented).

Purpose and classification of medical instrument-computer systems.

Information support and automation of the diagnostic and therapeutic process carried out in direct contact with the patient's body (for example, during surgical operations using laser systems or ultrasound therapy of periodontal diseases in dentistry).

Classification:

• by functionality (specialized, multifunctional, complex);
• by appointment:

• systems for functional and morphological studies; monitor systems; management systems for the treatment process and rehabilitation; laboratory diagnostic systems; systems for scientific biomedical research.
• systems for functional and morphological studies;
• monitor systems;
• management systems for the treatment process and rehabilitation;
• laboratory diagnostic systems;
• systems for scientific biomedical research.

Appointment and classification of workstations of specialists.

Automation of the entire technological process of a doctor of the relevant specialty and providing him with information support in making diagnostic and tactical (medical, organizational, etc.) decisions.

By appointment, AWPs can be divided into three groups:

• AWPs of attending physicians (therapist, surgeon, obstetrician-gynecologist, traumatologist, ophthalmologist, etc.), they are subject to requirements corresponding to medical functions;
• AWPs of medical workers of paramedical services (according to the profiles of diagnostic and treatment units);
• AWS for administrative and economic divisions.

AWPs are used not only at the basic level of health care - clinical, but also to automate jobs at the level of management of health facilities, regions, territories.

Medical information systems at the level of medical institutions.

Systems of this class are designed to provide information support for the adoption of both specific medical decisions and the organization of work, control and management of the activities of the entire medical institution. These systems, as a rule, require the presence of a local computer network in a medical institution and are information providers for medical information systems of the territorial level.

The following main groups are distinguished:

• IP of advisory centers;
• information banks of medical institutions and services;
• personalized registers;
• screening systems;
• information systems of a medical institution (IS HCI);
• information systems of research institutes and medical universities.

Purpose and classification of information systems of consultation centers.

Ensuring the functioning of the relevant departments and information support for doctors in consulting, diagnosing and making decisions in emergency conditions.

Classification:

• medical consultative and diagnostic systems of ambulance and emergency services;
• systems for remote consultation and diagnostics of emergency conditions in pediatrics and other clinical disciplines.

Information banks of medical institutions and services.

P personalized registers (databases and databanks).

This is a type of ISS containing information about the attached or observed patient population based on a formalized medical history or outpatient card.

Screening systems.

Screening systems are designed for pre-medical preventive examination of the population, as well as for medical screening to form risk groups and identify patients who need specialist help.

IS HCI

IS HCI is information systems based on the integration of all information flows into a single system and provides automation of various types of activities of the institution.

IP for research institutes and universities

They solve three main tasks: informatization of the learning process, research work and management activities of research institutes and universities.

MIS of the territorial level are software systems that provide management of specialized and specialized medical services, outpatient (including clinical examination), inpatient and emergency medical care to the population at the level of the territory (city, region, republic).

Medical information systems of the territorial level

MIS of the federal level are intended for information support of the state level of the healthcare system in Russia.

Federal level IS solve the following tasks:

1. monitoring the health of the population of Russia;

2. improve the efficiency of the use of health care resources;

3. maintaining state registers of patients for the main (priority) diseases;

4. planning, organization and analysis of the results of research and development;

5. planning and analysis of the training of medical and teaching staff;

6. Accounting and analysis of the material and technical base of healthcare.

3. Ways of development of information medical systems

Nowadays, information technologies have penetrated into all spheres of human life, and healthcare is no exception in this regard, as evidenced by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 28, 2011 No. 364 "On approval of the Concept for creating a unified state information system in the field of healthcare" as amended Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No. 348 of 04/12/2012.

In 2011, Russia approved the Concept for the EGISZ (Unified State Health Information System), the main objectives of which are:

• informatization of the processes of providing medical care to the population;
• introduction of integrated electronic medical records of patients;
• transition to online monitoring of key health indicators and improving the management of the healthcare industry based on the introduction of ICT technologies.

Positive aspects of the formation of a unified information environment:

• leads to greater transparency of the diagnostic and treatment process;
• allows you to create and maintain a data bank associated with various MIS;
• gives doctors the opportunity to access various expert systems for diagnosis and treatment, obtain complete information about the patient's health status based on the patient's electronic record, and also, in certain cases, reduce the consequences of possible subjectivity in assessing the disease and the necessary treatment;
• Patients no longer have to worry about missing data or unreadable test results, prescriptions, treatment records, and appointments.

The introduction of information technologies in medicine will allow:

• organize remote monitoring of the patient, remote consultation by specialists;
• ensure the availability and optimal time for the population to obtain the necessary documents for obtaining a driver's license, employment, etc.

The introduction of blockchain technologies for the creation and development of a single database of EHR patients will allow:

• ensure data security and integrity,
• increase the level of information storage security;
• make the process of making changes to the distributed database "transparent", excluding unauthorized access to patient data and manipulation of information in order to obtain positive medical conclusions;
• reduce corruption risks among medical workers;
• improve the security of personal data, the quality of medical data and the reliability of statistics.

When using blockchain technology, it becomes impossible to hide the source of information - any changes made to the patient record using the blockchain are identified and "attached" to the person who made the changes. Previously entered information cannot be deleted, and it is also identified with the person who entered this information earlier.

Test yourself!

• What level of IIS does not exist?

• base; continental; territorial; federal.
• base;
• continental;
• territorial;
• federal.
• The main objective of the IIA of the basic level: support for the work of doctors of various specialties; support for the work of polyclinics; support for the work of hospitals; support for dispensaries.
• support for the work of doctors of various specialties;
• support for the work of polyclinics;
• support for the work of hospitals;
• support for dispensaries.
• The drug directory refers to the following type of medical information systems: instrumental-computer; information and reference; educational; scientific; regional.
• instrumental-computer;
• information and reference;
• educational;
• scientific;
• regional.

1 - b, 2 - a, 3 - b

Test yourself!

• To search and issue medical information at the request of the user, the following are intended:

• Monitor systems and instrument-computer complexes; Computational diagnostic systems; Clinical and laboratory research systems; Information and reference systems; Expert systems based on knowledge bases.
• Monitor systems and instrument-computer complexes;
• Computational diagnostic systems;
• Clinical and laboratory research systems;
• Information and reference systems;
• Expert systems based on knowledge bases.
• The device cardioanalyzer belongs to the following class of medical information systems (MIS): Instrument-computer systems; Information and reference systems; Automated workplace of a doctor; MIS level of health care facilities; MIS at the federal level.
• Instrument-computer systems;
• Information and reference systems;
• Automated workplace of a doctor;
• MIS level of health care facilities;
• MIS at the federal level.

4-d, 5-a

Task for extracurricular work:

• Make a multimedia presentation on the topic "Automated workplace of medical personnel";
• Describe what mechanisms for protecting personal medical data about a patient are implemented in MIS.