Botanical Garden Full Description. Botanical gardens

Botanical museums

Oldest University Botanical Gardens (Location)

On February 14, 1706, a pharmaceutical garden for growing medicinal plants was founded on the northern outskirts of Moscow, behind the Sukhareva Tower of Peter I. Now the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov is one of the oldest Botanical scientific institutions in Russia. Today we decided to talk about the seven of the most famous botanical gardens in Russia.

Pharmaceutical garden in Moscow

The pharmaceutical garden in Moscow or the branch of the Botanical Garden of the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University is the oldest Botanical Garden of Russia, which was founded by Peter I in Moscow in 1706. This botanical garden is also one of the oldest parks in Moscow. Initially, the pharmaceutical garden was created in order to grow medicinal plants on its territory. The legend is connected with this oldest garden, that Peter personally planted himself in only the vegetable garden created three conifers - spruce, fir and larch. The garden, during Peter, was rich in greenhouses, rare plant species, and was also a favorite place for research of famous botany.

Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg

Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg, whose name now sounds like the Botanical Garden of the Botanical Institute. V. L. Komarov RAS, is also one of the oldest botanical gardens in Russia. The garden itself is located on the pharmaceutical island in St. Petersburg. The garden was opened by Peter the first in 1714. Today, this Botanical Garden famous in Russia is subject to the Botanical Institute named after V. L. Komarov, is its department and, accordingly, enters the structure of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In the Botanical Garden of BIN RAS, the collection of plants has more eighty species. The exhibition of the museum at the garden is devoted to the vegetation of land, the history and evolution of plants, the plant resources of Russia, as well as the relationship between plants and humans.

Biryulevsky Arboretum

Biryulevsky Arboretum is one of the most famous gardens of Russia, which is located in Moscow. This garden is the second among Moscow parks by the number of rare trees and shrubs samples. The arboretum is located in East Turilevo and is part of the Biryulauvsky forest park. This garden was discovered in 1938, but a certain mystery is connected with him, that the dendropark dendor contained already on the topographic map of the Moscow province of General Schubert 1832. Now there are more than 250 rarest species of trees, shrubs and other plants in Biryulevsky.

Botanical Garden TWGU.

The Botanical Garden of TSU is the most northern Botanical Garden of Russia with the exposition of steppe plants. The garden is located in the Zavolzhsky district of Tver, not far from the place of failure Tver in the Volga. Also, this unique Village garden is an object of historical and cultural and natural heritage, more precisely, the monument of archeology. Initially, the garden was laid by the merchant I. Bobrov's first guild in 1879. At that time, oaks and larches were planted in the garden, which were preserved to this day. About 350 species of trees and shrubs are presented in this botanical garden, as well as more than 2,000 samples of grassy plants. There are also eight exposures and six stock collections. An old pond in the garden is known since the XVIII century.

Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute

The Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute is located in the city of Kirovsk Murmansk region, is one of the 11 institutes of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This unique garden is the very northern botanical gardens in Russia, as well as one of the three gardens of the world located behind the polar circle. The decision to create a botanical garden in the Khibiny mountains was made on August 26, 1931 with the participation of Academician A. E. Fesman. In this botanical garden, research is conducted on acclimatization of new plant species, their reproduction for the population and other works. More than 400 species of the Murmansk region plants are collected here.

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Chief Botanical Garden named after N. V. Tsitin RAS

The main botanical garden named after N. V. Tsizina RAS - is the largest garden-institute in Russia, as well as the largest Botanical garden of Europe, which has richest collections of plants. The most interesting thing is that this garden has a diverse vegetable world of all continents and climatic zones of our planet. This unique botanical garden is characterized by a large number of exposures dedicated to the plants of Russia, tropics and other climatic zones. Living garden collections are 8220 species and 8110 forms and varieties of plants. The garden was founded on April 14, 1945.

botanical gardens.
Basic sites and garden facilities: I - lawn; II - Natural Garden: ILI - Garden of Rock Plants;
* V - Rosarium; V - swimming pool for LNLN; VI - systematic sections; VLI - Herbarnui building; VIII -
palm greenhouse; IX - Laboratory Corps; X-greenhouses; XI - residential building.
historic Gardening Compositions: Gardens, Italian, etc. (in Berlin-Dalem, Glèznevin - Ireland). Such expositions include the so-called Shakespearean Garden in the Brooklyn Botanical Garden. (USA) (Fig. 8), reproducing the planning of the decorative garden of the Shakespeare era (the second half of the XVI century).
The composition of the Botanical Expositions themselves, their internal structure and distribution of the area between their individual elements are largely dependent on the target and the profile of the main activity of botanical gardens. Led in Table. 2 Data on the most famous domestic and foreign botanical gardens give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe distribution of exposure areas and the presence of exposure sections.

Fig. 7. The General Plan of the Botanical Garden in Butenzorg (about. Java). Total area of \u200b\u200b333.0 hectares (with a reserve). One of the largest modern colonial gardens.
Founded in 1817

1-house director; 2-Museum of Zoology with Laboratory; 3- Group of basic laboratory garden buildings; - main agricultural experimental station; 5 - service of the service destination; 6 - Round pool with fountain; 7 - pond; 8 - Herbarium and Museum of Botanical Systematics; 9 - the palace of general
governor.

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Fig. 8. General Plan of the Botanical Garden in Brooklyn (USA). One of the modern foreign botanical gardens.

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Botanical gardens, their scientific profile and tasks

From the data table. 2 It can be seen that the greatest territory in botanical gardens is engaged in the arboretum. For example, in the main botanical garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow, the arboretum has an area of \u200b\u200b76 hectares, which is more than 40% of the entire exposure area of \u200b\u200bthe Botanical Garden. For the same expositions in the Novosibirsk Botanical Garden (Fig. 9, 10), a territory equal to 45 hectares is assigned to the project, or about 30% of the garden exposure area. The sites of arboretum and other domestic gardens are also great: in the Botanical Garden of the Rostov State University - 9 hectares, or about 50% of the total area occupied by the botanical

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skiming expositions, in Sochi-14 hectares, or 28% of the total garden area. In foreign botanical gardens, such as in New York, under the expositions of the arboretum, 45.3 hectares, which is almost 45% of the total garden area. In the Botanical Garden in Kew under the arboretum is employed 34 hectares, or almost 30% of the total area; In the Botanical Garden in the parade - 24.4 hectares, that is, over 45% of the total area.
In many botanical gardens, significant areas are distinguished and for protected areas. So, in the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden
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Fig. 9. Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the West Siberian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Novosibirsk. Diagram of zoning the territory

according to the preliminary project layout.
/ - plot of the main entrance, 4.0 hectares; 2 - decorative plants, 5.5 hectares; 3-tropical flora (exposure greenhouse), 5.0 hectares; 4-cultural plants, 2.0 ha; 5-section of flower growing department, 5.0 hectares; 6 - wild beneficial plants, 2.0 ha; 7 - fruit and berry plants, 12.5 hectares; 8 - experimental sites, 7.0 ha; 9 - nursery, 10.0 hectares; 10 - Botaniko-geographical sites, 33.0 GAG - system, 4.0 hectares; 12 - park plots, 2.5 hectares; 13 - a plot of economic purpose, 5.5 hectares; 14 - Alpinarium, 14.0 hectares; 15 - a plot of aqueous and drive, 11.0 hectares; 16 - arboretum, 45.0 hectare;
17-reserve, 41.0 hectares.
in Kirovsk, from the total area of \u200b\u200b350 hectares under the protected part (plots of the surfactant GT; and the rocky tundra) employs 300 hectares, or 86% of its entire territory. In the main botanical garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow, a large array of Ostankino Dubrava area of \u200b\u200babout 50 hectares was turned into a protected area. In Bothenzorgsky (Fr. Java) Botanical Garden Reserve - a virgin tropical forest - occupies
244 hectares, or 85% of its entire territory.
In some botanical gardens, significant territories are engaged in the exposition of the local flora: for example, in the main botanical garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow - 25.0 hectares, or 15% of the entire area of \u200b\u200bexposures, in the Butenzorg (about. Java) -31.2 ha, or 10% of exposure area , in Montreal (Canada) -16.5 ha, or 16%.
Relatively large territories in botanical gardens are engaged in the collection of plants, intended mainly for scientific research

divators and not having a wide exposition value. For example, under the scientific collections of plants in the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow, a plot of about 37 hectares is settled, which is about 10% of the total garden area. In the Berlin-Duel Botanical Garden under collecting sites
busy 14.4 ha, or 35% of the entire garden, in the New York Botanical Garden - 4.5 hectares, or 5%.
Other exposures in botanical gardens occupy significantly smaller areas, sometimes calculated only by units of hectares (for example, systematic areas, sections of grassy, \u200b\u200bmedicinal plants, mountaineering, etc.). So, in the Botanical Garden in Montreal (Canada), the exposure area of \u200b\u200bmedicinal is only 0.5 hectares, systematic sites in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden in Kirovsk -
0.3 hectares, etc.
As can be seen from the above brief overview of domestic and foreign botanical gardens, a circle of research tasks * which they put in front of them are extremely great.

Organizations with documented collections of living plants are called the botanical partners in their composition, are used for education, the preservation of biological diversity, participate in scientific developments and demonstrations. There are more than 2000 such organizations in the world, the list of Russian botanical gardens reaches 73 units, all of them are combined by the main goal - the preservation and application of plant resources for lifting human well-being. Gardens have a different geographical location and are extremely important for the development of society as a whole. They are concentrated a variety of varieties and types of plants.

Development of issues of garden construction and decorative structure occupies a key place in botanical gardens. Most of these organizations serve the Botany departments at universities, it works as a base of educational institutions. Botanical gardens contribute to an increase in the growth of highly qualified specialists in the sphere of botany. Despite all these advantages, the main goal is to develop and maintain the plant world.

The history of the development of botanical gardens

The very first Botanical Gardens of Russia began to appear in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The purpose of their creation was to grow medicinal crops, but over time, other types of plants began to appear.

The history of the development of green arrays has a close relationship with the development of nerds as science. From the beginning of the 18th century, pharmacaric gardens that grow valuable pharmaceutical plants from which preparations were made in our country were to appear. The spread of such gardens began during the reign of Peter I, in St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Moscow and many other cities.

The role of botanical gardens in the world

Floral research and covering forwarding activities contributed to the deepening of the knowledge of the flora and the plant nature of our country and all green cultures around the world. Thanks to this, the rarest representatives of wild flora and new cultures began to be mastered. Botanical gardens systematically organize expeditions and travel, they are increasing scientific research work in the field of experimental botany, considering the main problems faced by plants during acclimatization, study the environmental issues, biology, physiology and geographical location of plants. These research has beneficially affected the mobilization of domestic resources.

Chief Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after N.V. Cycin

The main Russian Museum of Plant Nature was established in Moscow in January 1945. Its fundamental goal was to preserve the rarest green arrays - the Leonovsky forest and the Erden grove, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich occupied more than 300 hectares. Architects Rosenberg and Petrov made a great contribution to the landscape design, thanks to which the garden matches the most naturally natural conditions.

Chief Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after N.V. Tsizin collected more than 15,000 species of plant wealth in his collection, of which 1900 representatives of trees and shrubs, about 5,000 different types of plants from the tropics and subtropics, as well as the garden of endless flowering. This museum of wildlife spends an excursion in his arborer, at which visitors who walk through the museum, get acquainted with a huge variety of plant crops, learn about the benefits and dangers of organisms, and also learn a lot of new facts about bedroom flowering.

Amur Botsad

The Botanical Garden of Amursk was founded in 1994, its territory occupies 200 hectares. About 400 representatives of vascular plants are located on the specified area, of which 21 are listed in the Red Book. This museum participates in exhibitions, shooting on television, conducts lectures on landscape design.

The Amur Garden includes three zones: the first zone is the island, the second is the right bank of the river, and the third is an administrative and economic site. The large forest area refers to reserves, and in some parts excursions are carried out, which are divided by complexity, distance, age group of visitors. The key route has seven main places.

St. Petersburg Botanical Garden at the State University

The Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg State University is in the city itself and strongly suffers from the effects of transport and environmental pollution. He began to be created in the 19th century. An active replenishment of the collection began from 1844, and in 1947 approved its official name - the Botanical Garden at the State University. The main objective of this time was the educational process. The number of species increased to 2500 already by 1896, and in 1901 the arboretum was founded.

This organization is a subdivision of the State University, as a result of which its collection is selected in such a way that the educational process in the botanical departments happened. Due to this, students have the opportunity to get deep knowledge in the study of botany. Russia's Botanical Gardens make valuable contribution to the development and training of society.

The garden of the garden reaches 1300 square meters, and the number of its representatives is 2200 different varieties of subtropical and tropical crops, grassy plants, shrubs. Also in the Garden Collection there are more than 800 types of cacti and succulents. An interesting fact is the presence of copies, which managed to live more than 70 years.

Northern Northern Botanical Garden of Russia

Botanical Garden, located behind the polar circle, founded in 1931. The purpose of this project is to study the behavior of plants from different climatic conditions in the low temperature zone. For the entire period of the existence of the garden, about 30000 types of flora visited it, of which 3500 were able to adapt in difficult conditions. Also on the territory of the park there are various studies.

The composition of the collection of the Botanical Garden includes more than 650 moss representatives, more than 400 species of different plant crops, approximately 1000 varieties of wildlife from subtropics and tropics. Patency of visitors per year has more than 3,500 people. Snowdrops, live gerbarium and rocky garden are among the most unique representatives of this place. Also, the garden interacts with more than 30 countries of the world, which is exchanged by seeds and sprouts of plants.

Great contribution to education

Botanical gardens are engaged in massive-enlightenment work. Many gardens have specialized nurseries who supply the institutions and the population planting and sowing materials. They also provide advisory support, give advice on the use and use of various plants, pay attention to botanical work in schools, create mugs of young nerds, organize training gardens for nature lovers.

Regardless of the directions, botanical gardens have a common important goal - this is the creation and content of valuable plant cultures and the dissemination of knowledge about the wildlife and the benefits of the living world for a person. The Russian Botanical Gardens serve as a bright sample of landscape design, as well as a great place for recreation of the population, which awakens love for a living corner in people.