Large anti-submarine ship "Kerch": description, history and interesting facts. Large anti-submarine ship "Kerch"

The large anti-submarine ship "Kerch" was laid down on 04/30/1971 at the plant named after 61 Communards in Nikolaev (serial number 2003) and on 05/25/1971 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy. Launched on 07/21/1972, commissioned on 12/25/1974 and 01/23/1975 included in the KChF.
The cause of the fire on the large anti-submarine ship (BPK) "Kerch" of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet, according to the preliminary version, was the ignition of an electric heater in the cockpit, a source in the power structures of Sevastopol told RIA Novosti.

The fire at the BOD "Kerch" began on November 4 at about 5 o'clock in the morning. There was a fire in the engine room. The fire spread over an area of ​​80 square meters. To extinguish the fire, three fire-fighting boats approached the ship, and additional rescue teams arrived. The fire was contained and extinguished by 10 am. Given the heavy smoke in the premises, the crew of the ship was evacuated, leaving only fire brigades and scouts to bypass the fire sites.

"At the time of ignition of the electric heater, there was no one in the room, and the fire spread to the engine room," the source said.

According to him, a commission to investigate the causes of the fire is now working at the BOD Kerch.

“Fifty officers and the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Vice Admiral Alexander Fedotenkov, are now conducting an analysis. This is a serious incident, since the ship was moored at the 14th berth of the North Side of Sevastopol, there were small ships and other watercraft nearby. There are many questions to be clarified, including the human factor is considered," the source said.

BOD "Kerch" was accepted into the Navy in 1974. The displacement is 8500 tons, the speed is 32 knots, the cruising range is up to 8 thousand miles, the crew is 365 people. The ship has a full range of weapons, the Ka-25PL helicopter is based.

In 1976, for 6 months, he performed the tasks of military service in the Mediterranean Sea, the commander - captain of the 2nd rank Yu.G. Gusev. Repeatedly participated in various ocean and sea exercises, combat services in the Mediterranean Sea.

08/10 - 08/14/1984 - paid visits to Varna (Bulgaria);
06/28 - 07/02/1989 - to Istanbul (Türkiye);
08/11 - 08/15/1989 - to Varna (Bulgaria).

At the end of the 80s, radar armament was modernized on it (installation of a new radar).

After the decommissioning of the Moskva anti-ship missile fleet from 04/27/1994 and until the Moskva (Slava) GRKR was commissioned from repair on 06/12/1997, it was the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet.

In November 1998, under the flag of Rear Admiral A. Kovshar, Deputy Fleet Commander for Armament and Operation of Arms, made an official visit to Cannes (France) and Messina (Italy).

Currently, it is part of the 30th division of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet. The patronage of the ship is carried out by: the South-Eastern District of Moscow, the city of Belgorod, the city of Volgograd.

BOD "Kerch" - a large anti-submarine ship of project 1134B. Named after the hero city of Kerch. He was part of the 30th division of surface ships. Board number 753. In 2015, he was withdrawn from the combat strength of the Black Sea Fleet.

Construction of BOD "Kerch".
The ship was included in the composition of the ships of the Soviet Navy on December 25, 1969. The hull was laid down on the slipway of the Shipyard named after 61 Communards in Nikolaev on April 30, 1971 (serial number S-2003). The ship was launched on July 21, 1972. The Soviet naval flag was hoisted on the ship on December 25, 1974 (the date of raising the flag was declared a ship-wide holiday), on the same day the ship was included in the 70th brigade of anti-submarine ships of the 30th division of anti-submarine ships of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet.

The large anti-submarine ship pr. 1134B (code "Berkut") was developed by the Northern Design Bureau under the leadership of V.F. Anikiev, and then A.K. Perkov. It is a modification of the ships pr. 1134A. The decision to create these ships was due to the desire to build up the potential of the anti-submarine forces of the sea and ocean zones as soon as possible. One CVD them. A.A. Zhdanov in Leningrad could not cope with this task. Therefore, it was decided to deploy the construction of the BOD at the Shipyard named after. 61 Communards in Nikolaev. Since at this enterprise there were no restrictions on the width of the hull of the ships under construction (as in the closed boathouse of the Shipyard named after A.A. Zhdanov), changes were made to project 1134A, which made it possible to eliminate its shortcomings and increase combat capabilities. In particular, they increased the size of the hull, replaced the boiler-turbine power plant with a gas turbine one, and strengthened anti-aircraft weapons.

Project 1134V BODs were designed to search for and destroy enemy submarines in remote areas of the World Ocean, anti-submarine and air defense of their forces, ships at sea crossing from attacks by enemy submarines and aircraft. Since during the development of pr. 1134B there were no strict restrictions on the size of the hull, it was possible to bring the number of missiles for each complex to 40. Moreover, the missiles were not stored in drums (as on pr. 1134A), but in a conveyor. In addition, two Osa-M air defense systems and two AK-726 76-mm artillery systems (instead of AK-725) were optimally placed on the ship, and radio-technical weapons were also improved.

Service: USSR → Russia

Class and type of vessel Large anti-submarine ship

Port of registry Sevastopol

Organization of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy

Manufacturer
Shipyard named after 61 Communards

Status In reserve

Main characteristics
Displacement
6700 t (standard)
8565 t (full)

Length 161.9 m (DWL)
173.4 m (largest)

Width 16.78 m (DWL)
18.54 m (largest)

Draft
5.3 m (average)
6.35 m (with bulb)

GTU M5E engines
(4 GTE DN-59, 2 GTE DS-71)

Power
102800 l. With.

Propeller 2 × VFS

travel speed
33 knots (full)
18 knots (marching)

cruising range
7890 miles at 18 knots
2760 miles at 32 knots

Autonomy of navigation
30 days (fuel, water)
45 days (provisions)
Crew
429 people
(51 officers; 63 midshipmen)

Armament
Radar weapons
detection radar
MP-650 "Boletus"
MP-310A "Angara-A"
2 radar UZRO "Grom-M"
2 UZRO 4R-33A radars
2 radar UAO "Turel"
2 Radar UZAO VympelA
2 NRS "Volga"
EW radar "Fence", "Start", "Ring"
Electronic weapons
GAS MG-332T "Titan-2T"
GAS MG-325 "Vega"
SOTS MI-110KM
REP systems:
2 × 2 140 mm PK-2
8 × 10 122 mm PK-10

Artillery
2 × 2 AK-726 76mm guns
(3200 shots)
Flak
4 × 6 30mm AK-630M guns
(12000 shots)
2 × 1 45 mm AU 21-KM
(120 shots)
Missile weapons 2 × 4 URK "Rastrub-B"
(8 PLUR 85RU)
2 × 2 SAM "Storm-N"
(80 ZUR V-611)
2 × 2 SAM "Osa-MA-2"
(40 ZUR 9M33M)

Anti-submarine weapons
2 × 12 213 mm RBU-6000
(144 RSL-60)
2 × 6 305 mm RBU-1000
(48 RSL-10)
Mine and torpedo armament
2 × 5 533 mm PTA-53-1134B
(4 × 53-65K + 6 × SET-65)

Aviation group
1 helicopter Ka-25PL (deck hangar)

Various versions of shipbuilding programs in the USSR in the mid-60s of the twentieth century were supposed to build 32 BOD pr.1134 (1134A) for the Soviet Navy. However, already at the beginning of their construction, it was clear that in order to carry out the planned program, at least one more plant (in addition to the A.A. Zhdanov Shipyard, which built the ships of this project) should be connected to its implementation, which could be the mm plant. 61 Kommunar in Nikolaev, since the construction of the BOD pr. 61 was being completed there and capacities were gradually released for the construction of new ships.
On the one hand, the positive experience of mastering gas turbine installations on ships pr. turbines for surface ships - the Kirov Plant in Leningrad - on the other hand, almost unambiguously prompted or dictated the decision to adjust the "mother" project 1134. for other energy - gas turbine.
The tactical and technical assignment for the project, which received the number "1134B", was issued to the Northern Design Bureau in 1964, when they were working on further development ships pr.61. V.F. was appointed the chief designer of the project. Anikiev, and the main observer of the Navy - Captain 2nd Rank O.T. Sofronov.
The introduction of a gas turbine plant on the ship pr.1134B instead of a boiler-turbine plant caused an increase in the main dimensions and volumes. Hence the strengthening of the armament of project 1134B (compared to the original project 1134A), and changes in its architecture, and an increase in its displacement.
On Project 1134B, a conveyor system for storing and supplying missiles was used, as a result of which their ammunition load amounted to 96 units. The increased size of the ship made it possible to place, in addition to the installed weapons, two more Osa-M self-defense anti-aircraft missile systems; AK-726 76-mm gun mounts were also installed on it.

The type of main power plant predetermined the architecture of the ship's superstructures. Due to the need to accommodate large gas ducts and air inlets, the chimney was installed separately from the tower-like mast. The gas turbine itself was chosen from the desire to provide the ship with a greater cruising range. It includes two GTA M5, each of which consists of two afterburner gas turbine engines DE59 and a sustainer gas turbine engine M 62. Afterburner gas turbine engines DE59 (with a capacity of 20,000 hp) operate on the shaft line through a mating single-speed gearbox (full speed gearbox) , and the sustainer gas turbine engine M 62 (capacity of 5000 hp) - through a two-speed reducer (main reducer). Progressive gas turbine engines and their gearboxes are located in the forward engine room along with two gas turbine engines, and afterburner gas turbine engines and their gearboxes, as well as one gas turbine engine, are located in the aft engine room. The shaft of the sustainer gas turbine engine passes inside the axis of the large wheel of the full speed gearbox and is connected to the driven part of its soundproof coupling. Marching gas turbine engines are depreciated. In the process of carrying out medium repairs on all ships of Project 1134V, the GTA M5 was replaced by the GTA M5N.1 with the DN59 gas turbine engine. It was supposed to replace the gas turbine engine M 62 with a more advanced gas turbine engine DS77 with a capacity of 12,000 liters. e., but this work was never completed.
As experience has shown, during the combat service of the BOD pr. 1134B, marching gas turbine engines were mainly used, since there was no need to maintain a course of more than 14 knots. Under these conditions, afterburner gas turbine engines were practically not required. The control of all main and auxiliary mechanisms is provided by the Typhoon system, and the electric power plant and the main ship systems are controlled by the Angara-A system. The shaft lines and fairings of the GAS are electrically insulated from the body. Instead of conventional VFSh, low-noise ones were mounted on the ship, with an increase in the distance between the propellers and the ship's hull, marching gas turbine engines and gas turbine generators were placed on suspended foundations with two-stage depreciation, and part of the hull and some foundations of the mechanisms were pasted over with Agat-type plastic. In addition, the BOD is provided with anti-noise cofferdams with steel soundproof linings, noise suppression in gas ducts and air receivers. The shape and dimensions of the chimney were chosen based on the desire to ensure a low level of thermal fields.
According to experts, large anti-submarine ships pr. 1134B in the Soviet fleet were the most powerful and advanced ships of their class. The share of the mass of combat assets (armament and ammunition) in the size of the standard displacement has reached the highest limit in them. Nevertheless, there were comfortable living conditions for the crew on the ship.
The construction of the ships was carried out on the second inclined slipway of the open slipway of the Shipyard named after. 61 Communards. In this case, a block method was used to form the hull from large sections with the implementation of a single block annular seam of automatic welding. In 1977, instead of the aft SAM "Storm" (43 *), a multi-channel SAM "Fort" was installed at the BOD Azov, which was tested for a long time. To compensate for the weights, five-pipe HEs were replaced with two-pipe ones. Azov after modernization received the code of the project 1134BF. On the third ship of the series - Kerch - in the process of carrying out a medium repair, the Koltso electronic warfare system was installed (with four APs on the main mast), and instead of the Voskhod radar, the Podberezovik radar was installed. Petropavlovsk was put into operation with a radio navigation system for the drive and landing of Privod-V helicopters (with AP on platforms on both sides of the hangar). The ship was adapted to receive and base the Ka-27 helicopter. In the process of carrying out a medium repair, the Spektr-F laser warning system (with eight sensors), eight NURS SPPP PK-10 launchers were installed on this ship and the Volga radar was replaced with the Vaigach-Nayada radar. At all BOD pr. 1134B, during the middle repair, the Metel PLRK was modernized into the Rastrub-B PLRK.
(43*) During the completion of the aft air defense system "Storm" on the ship was not installed, and in its place, foundations were mounted under the air defense system "Fort". For about two years, the ship was part of the fleet with the Shtorm and Osa-M air defense systems.

The main tactical and technical elements:
Displacement, t:
– standard 6700 or 7010(34*)
– full 8565 or 8900(34*)
Main dimensions, m:
– maximum length (along VL) 173.4 (162.0)
- the largest width of the body (on VL) 18.5 (16.8)
- draft with protruding parts 6.35 or 6.4 (34 *)
Crew, pers. (including officers) 380 (47) or 389 (50) (34*)
Autonomy in terms of provisions, days 30
Power plant:
- type gas turbine with joint operation of marching and afterburning gas turbine engines
- number x type of afterburner gas turbine engines (total power, hp) 4 x DE59 (80,000)
- number x type of marching gas turbine engines (total power, hp) 2 x M-62 (10,000)
- number x type of propellers 2 x VFS
- quantity x type (power of EPS current sources), kW 4 x GTG (1250 each) + 1 x GTG (600 each)
Travel speed, knots:
– complete 32
– economic 18
Cruising range 18 knots, miles 7100(35*)
Armament:
A complex of anti-submarine and anti-ship missiles.
- type "Trastrub-B" (36 *)
- number of PU x guides (PU type) 2x4 (KT-100U)
- ammunition 8 PLUR 85-RU (36 *)
- SU "Grom-M"
Anti-aircraft missile systems:
– quantity x type 2 x “Storm” or 1 x “Storm” + 1 x “Fort” (S-300F)(34*)
- number of PU x guides (PU type) 2 x 2 (B-192) or 1 x 2 (B-192) + 8x6 (VPU) (34*)
- number x type of SLA 2 x "Grom-M" or 1 x "Grom-M" + 1 x ЗР41 (34*)
- ammunition 80 SAM V-611 or 40 SAM V-611 + 48 SAM 48N6 (34*)
– quantity x type 2 x Osa-M
- number of PU x guides (PU type) 2 x 2 (ZIF-122)
- quantity x type of SLA 2 x 4R-33
– ammunition 40 SAM 9M-33
Artillery complexes:
- number of guns x trunks (type guns) 2 x 2 - 76/60 (AK-726)
– ammunition 1600 rounds
- number x type SUAO 2 x "Turret" (MP-105)
- number of AU x barrels (type AU) 4x 1-30 mm (AK-630M)
– ammunition 12,000 rounds
- number x type SUAO 2 x "Vympel-A" (MP-123-01)
Anti-submarine:
- number of TA x pipes (type TA) 2 x 5 - 533 mm (PTA-53-1134B) or 2 x 2 - 533 mm (DTA-53-1134BF) (40*)
- ammunition 10 or 41 torpedoes 53-65K and SET-65
- number of RBU x trunks (RVU type) 2 x 12 - 213 mm (RBU-6000)
– ammunition 144 RGB-60
- number of RBU x trunks (RBU type) 2 x 6 - 305 mm (RBU-1000)
– ammunition 48 RGB-10
- PUSTB "Groza-1134"
Aviation:
– number x type of helicopters Ka-25PL or Ka-27PL(40*)
– VPPl lighting equipment
– hangar deck type
– radio navigation system for drive and landing of helicopters “Privod-V” (40*)
Electronic:
- BIUS "Alley-1134B" + "Root-1134B"
– information exchange system "More-1134B"
- Radar general detection "Voskhod" (MP-600) + "Angara-A" (MP-310A) or "Boletus" (MP-760) 2 + "Angara-A" (MP-310A)
– TV system for monitoring the near surface situation MT-45
– laser irradiation warning system “Spectr-F” (40*)
- number x type of active jamming stations 2 x "Gurzuf A" + 2 x "Gurzuf B"
- station RTR "Zaliv" (MRP-11-14 or MRP-11-16)
- a set of electronic warfare equipment "Ring" (41 *)
- number x type of navigation radars 1 x "Don-2" + 2 x "Volga"
– space navigation system "Sluice" (ADK-ZM)(42*)
– passive REB systems
(number of launchers x guides) PK-2 (2 x 2 - 140 mm) or PK-2 (2x2 - 140 mm) + PK-10 (8 x 10 - 122 mm) (40 *) "Brave-P »
- GAS all-round visibility and target designation with an antenna in the nose bulb fairing "Titan-2T" (MG-332T)
- BGAS with a towed antenna of variable depth "Vega" (MG-325)
(34*) At the military-industrial complex Azov.
(35*) According to other sources 6500 miles.
(36*) After the modernization of the Metel PLRK.
(37*) At the military-industrial complex Petropavlovsk.
(40*) At BOD Petropavlovsk.
(41*) At BOD Kerch after modernization.
(42*) In addition to the BOD Nikolaev and Ochakov, and on the BOD Tallinn - after modernization.

Scheme of the external view of the BOD pr. 1134B:

1 - runway for the Ka-25PL helicopter; 2 - starting command post; 3 - RBU-1000; 4 - PU SAM "Storm"; 5 - AP radar SU "Grom-M"; 6 - AP identification station " one's own - someone else's»; 7 - AP SU SAM "Osa-M"; 8 - AP stations "Gurzuf A" and "Gurzuf B"; 9 - AP radar "Volga"; 10 - AP radar "Voskhod"; 11 - AP radio direction finder ARP-50R; 12 - 76-mm gun AK-726; 13 - AP station "Zaliv"; 14 - AP radar "Angara-A"; 15 - optical periscope sight GKP; 16 - stabilized post of the TV system for monitoring the near surface situation MT-45; 17 - optical periscopic viewfinder of the wheelhouse; 18 - AP radar "Don-2"; 19 - wheelhouse; 20 - PU NURS SPPP PK-2; 21 - RBU-6000; 22 – antenna radome GAS "Titan-2T"; 23 - antenna radome GAS ZPS and identification MG-26; 24 - PU PLRK "Metel"; 25 - AP radar SUAO "Turel"; 26 - AP complex of electronic warfare equipment "Ring" (38 *); 27 - PU SAM "Osa-M"; 28 - 30-mm gun AK-630M; 29 - AP radar SUAO "Vympel-A"; 30 - command boat; 31 - 533 mm TA PTA-53-1134B; 32 - lazport of the premises of the GAS "Vega" antenna; 33 - AP system "Sluice".

(38*) In fact, the Koltso electronic warfare complex was installed on only one BOD Kerch in the process of modernization.

Longitudinal section of BOD pr. 1134B:

1 - room for the working fluid and POU GAS "Vega"; 2 – Ka-25PL helicopter; 3 - wardroom of the chief foremen; 4 - start-command post; 5 - helicopter hangar; 6 - PU SAM "Storm"; 7 - cellar ZUR ZRK "Storm"; 8 - AP radar SUO "Grom-M"; 9 - personnel quarters; 10 - AP radar SUAO "Vympel-A"; 11 - gas ducts; 12 - AP radar SUO SAM "Osa-M"; 13 - AP radar "Voskhod"; 14 - canteen of personnel; 15 - bow power plant (39 *); 16-AP radar "Angara-A"; 17-AP radar SUAO "Turel"; 18 - navigation cabin; 19 - wheelhouse; 20 - wardroom for officers; 21 - corridor of officer cabins; 22 - GKP and BIC; 23 - posts of the SAM "Storm"; 24 - RSL-6000; 25 - sonar posts; 26 - spire compartment and skipper's pantries; 27 - pantries for various purposes; 28 - forepeak; 29 - chain box; 30 – antenna radome GAS "Titan-2T"; 31 - antenna GAS "Titan-2T"; 32 - cellar RSL-60; 33 - provisional pantries; 34 - fuel tanks; 35 - cofferdam; 36 - bow MO (marching gas turbine engine and gas turbine engine); 37 - cellar 76-mm shots; 38 - fresh water tanks; 39 - room for auxiliary mechanisms and a pitch damper; 40 - stern MO (afterburner gas turbine engines); 41 - room of the State Tretyakov Gallery; 42 - feed power plant; 43 - cellar of aviation ammunition; 44 - cellar RSL-10; 45 – aviation fuel tank; 46 - tiller compartment.

(39*) Next to the bow power station, on the starboard side, there is a PES.

Scheme of the external view of the BOD Kerch after modernization:

1 - runway for the Ka-25PL helicopter; 2 - starting command post; 3 - RBU-1000; 4 - PU SAM "Storm"; 5 - AP radar SU "Grom-M"; 6 - AP of the identification station "friend or foe"; 7 - AP SU SAM "Osa-M"; 8 - AP stations "Gurzuf A" and "Gurzuf B"; 9 - AP complex of electronic warfare equipment "Ring"; 10 - AP radar "Volga"; 11 - AP radar "Podberezovik"; 12-AP radio direction finder ARP-50R; 13 - 76 mm AUAK-726; 14-AP station "Zaliv"; 15-AP radar "Angara-A"; 16 - optical periscope sight GKP; 17 - stabilized post of the TV system for monitoring the near surface situation MT-45; 18 – optical periscopic viewfinder of the wheelhouse; 19-AP radar "Don-2"; 20 - wheelhouse; 21 - PU NURS SPPP PK-2; 22 - RBU-6000; 23 – antenna radome GAS "Titan-2T"; 24 - antenna radome GAS ZPS and identification MG-26; 25 - PU PLR-PKR complex "Rastrub-B"; 26 - AP radar SUAO "Turel"; 27 - PU SAM "Osa-M"; 28 - 30-mm gun AK-630M; 29 - AP radar SUAO "Vympel-A"; 30 - command boat; 31 - 533 mm TA PTA-53-1134B; 32 - lazport of the premises of the GAS "Vega" antenna; 33 – Ka-27PL helicopter; 34 - AP system "Privod-V"; 35 - AP radar "Voskhod"; 36 - 45 mm salute gun; 37 - PU PLRK "Metel".

Service in 1975-1991.
After passing the course tasks, the BOD "Kerch" was introduced into the permanent readiness forces and on January 5, 1976 entered the first combat service in the Mediterranean Sea. During the Israeli war against Lebanon, the Kerch demonstrated the Soviet military presence in the eastern Mediterranean. On July 24, the ship returned from combat service to Sevastopol. Re-participated in combat services in the Mediterranean from December 1, 1977 to June 28, 1978 and from May 3 to October 15, 1979. In 1978, the ship was awarded the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training, and the following year it was awarded the pennant of the USSR Ministry of Defense "For courage and military prowess".
In 1980, "Kerch" was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the Military Council of the KChF. On October 16, 1981, the ship entered the combat training ground in the Sevastopol region, Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal Soviet Union K. S. Moskalenko. From September 10 to October 6, 1982, "Kerch" participated in the "Shield-82" exercises, from September 3 to 20, 1983 - in naval exercises in the area of ​​the Kerch Strait under the flag of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy. from March 12 to March 21, 1984 - the participation of the ship in the Soyuz-84 exercises, from August 1 to 9, the ship paid an official visit to the port of Varna (Bulgaria). After completing the visit and taking on board ammunition, fuel and food, the ship was supposed to go to sea for the next combat service, but a day before leaving, one of the midshipmen, without checking for oil, cranked the main mechanisms, which is why the main power plant the ship went out of order and instead of the Kerch, the Nikolaev BOD had to be sent to combat service (the tail number of the Kerch - 707 - was put on board the Nikolaev, since it was he who was indicated in the application for the passage of the Turkish straits), and BOD "Kerch" was delivered to the dock of "Sevmorzavod" for medium repairs and modernization.
In the course of repair and modernization, the GTU was replaced on the ship, new URK-5 Rastrub PLRK and Shtorm-N air defense systems, the Tsunami-BM space communications complex of the Cyclone-B system and 45-mm salute guns were installed; The Voskhod radar was replaced by the Podberyozovik radar. During modernization in 1988, a refrigerator caught fire in the officer's canteen. The fire was discovered only after 25 minutes, but the superstructure did not have time to catch fire and managed to defend the ship and avoid casualties. After repairs, from June 23 to July 2, 1989, the ship paid an official visit to the port of Istanbul, and from August 11 to 15 - an official visit to Varna.

Service in 1992-2011.
Before the collapse of the USSR, from May 25 to October 25, 1991, Kerch completed another combat service. From February 4 to February 16, 1992, the ship entered the next combat service already under the Naval flag of a non-existent country, and, being the flagship of the 5th OPESK, participated in joint exercises with ships of the US 6th Fleet. When mooring on March 1, 1993, the Kerch crashed into the concrete wall of the 14th berth of the Sevastopol Naval Base and received damage to the stern (the cover of the Vega sonar was deformed), to eliminate which it got up for a two-week repair. The lid was replaced by rearranging the whole with the Ochakov BOD, which has been in the S. Ordzhonikidze shipyard for a long time.
From June 16 to July 10, 1993, Kerch was on its last combat service in the 20th century. During the campaign, twice (June 21 and 23) contact was made with US nuclear submarines. According to the results of 1993, the ship won the Prize of the Civil Code of the Russian Navy for missile training. In 1994, "Kerch" went on a seventeen-day trip to the Mediterranean Sea to ensure the visit of the President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin to Greece. The tasks of detecting foreign submarines in the campaign were not solved. From 18 to 22 August 1996 the ship visited Varna. In November 1998, "Kerch" under the flag of the Deputy Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Rear Admiral A. V. Kovshar (former commander of the ship) paid official visits to Cannes and Messina.
BOD "Kerch" in 2009.
In 2005, the Kerch underwent routine repairs at the Novorossiysk Shipyard. During the repair, one of the turbogenerators was replaced, a number of hull works were performed, bottom-outboard fittings were repaired, and a 6-mm runout of the left shaft line was eliminated. In 2006, the FSUE 13 Shipyard of the Black Sea Fleet of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation carried out the first maintenance of the Podberyozovik radar since 1991. In the same year, the ship was docked at the Sevmorzavod, where the MR-700 Podberyozovik radar was repaired.
In June 2011, the BOD "Kerch" carried out two weeks of tracking in the Black Sea for the missile cruiser of the US Navy "Monterrey".
During the time she was part of the permanent readiness forces, the Kerch traveled more than 180,000 nautical miles, during the course of anti-submarine operations, she maintained contact with foreign nuclear submarines for eight hours and diesel submarines for 40 hours.

Perspectives.
From June to November 2014, the ship underwent a refurbishment, after which it was supposed to replace the Moskva RKR as the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet. During repairs, on November 4, 2014, a fire broke out at the Kerch BOD, damaging a number of aft compartments. According to the results of the work of the commission investigating the incident, a decision was made to write off and dispose of the ship in 2015. Later, the dismantlement of the BOD "Kerch" was temporarily postponed with its transfer to the reserve as a training ship for the seafarers and the floating headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet. In July 2015, official information appeared about the repeated revision of the ship in order to resolve the issue of its restoration.
The ship is patronized by: the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow, the administration of Belgorod and the administration of the Krasnoarmeysky district of Volgograd. On August 18, 2015, by the decision of the Chief of the General Staff, the Kerch BOD was withdrawn from the combat strength of the Black Sea Fleet and placed in the category of military property, with the subsequent location of the military museum of the Black Sea Fleet in it.
In November 2016, information appeared that the main engines of the Kerch BOD were planned to be transferred to another ship of the Black Sea Fleet - TFR pr. 1135 Ladny.

commanders
Captain 2nd Rank Yu. G. Gusev
captain 2nd rank V. V. Grishanov (June 1978 - October 1979)
captain 2nd rank Nyagu (1981)
captain 2nd rank A. V. Kovshar (May 1982 - 1984)
captain 2nd rank Evgeniy Orlov (1984-1985)
captain 3rd rank K. Klepikov (1986; acting)
captain 2nd rank Grigory Nikolaevich Shevchenko (1986-1987)
captain 2nd rank A.I. Pavlov (1987-1989)
captain 2nd rank Avramenko (April 1993)
captain 2nd rank A. E. Demidenko
captain 2nd rank S. B. Zinchenko (1997)
Captain 1st Rank V. Ya. Zubkov
captain 1st rank Krylov Evgeny Georgievich;
captain 1st rank O. Ignasyuk;
captain 1st rank O. Peshkurov (from the end of December 2006)
captain 1st rank A. Bakalov (since April 2012)
captain 1st rank V. Skokov (since June 2013)
captain 2nd rank A. Kornaev (since October 2015)

Board numbers
During the service, the ship changed a number of the following side numbers:
1974 - No. 524;
1975-1976 - No. 529;
1977 - No. 534;
1978 - No. 703;
1979-1980 - No. 707
1985 - No. 703;
1986 - No. 539;
1987-1989 - No. 708;
1989 - No. 717;
1990 - No. 711;
1999-2014 - No. 713;
2016 - No. 753.

Kerch, formerly Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta or simply Duca d'Aosta (Italian Emanuele Filiberto duca d'Aosta) - Italian and Soviet light cruiser (Duc d'Aosta type), participant in World War II war.

As part of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR Navy from 1949 to 1959.

The project of the Duke d'Aosta class cruisers was developed in 1932 in Italy by Lieutenant General Umberto Pugliese. The ship was laid down on January 24, 1932 in Italy and launched on April 22, 1934.

She joined the Italian Naval Forces on July 11, 1935. She was considered one of the most modern and powerful light cruisers of the 1930s. The ninth ship of the Condottieri series.

Main characteristics:

Displacement 9230 tons.
Length 186.9 m.
Width 17.5 m.
Draft 5.5 m.
Booking Longitudinal bulkhead: 35 mm.
Armor belt: 70 mm.
Deck: 35 mm.
Gun turrets: 40-90 mm.
Conning tower: 100 mm.
Engines 6 Yarrow boilers, 2 Beluzzo/Parsons turbines.
Power 110 thousand hp
Propeller 2 screws.
Travel speed 36.5 knots.
Cruising range 3900 nautical miles at 14 knots.
Autonomy of navigation 1635 tons of fuel oil,
70 tons of turbine oil,
253 tons of boiler water,
59 tons of drinking water.
Crew 578.

Armament:

Radar armament GUFO air and surface detection radar, standard GAS.
Artillery 4×2 - 152mm/53 OTO29 guns.
Anti-aircraft artillery 3 × 2 - 100 mm / 47 Minizini,
4 × 2 - 37mm/54 Br32,
6 × 2 - 13.2 mm Br40 machine gun.
Anti-submarine armament two bombers.
Mine-torpedo armament - 6 torpedo tubes with a caliber of 533 mm.
Aviation group catapult, two or three IMAM Ro.43 aircraft.

ship structure

The light cruiser Kerch had a riveted hull with a forecastle that extended about one-third of its length. The recruitment system was mixed (the middle part along the longitudinal system, the ends - along the transverse one).
21 watertight transverse bulkheads divided the hull into 22 compartments. It was envisaged that the ship would be able to withstand the flooding of any two adjacent compartments. The transverse metacentric height at normal displacement was 1.52 m.

The armored citadel extended from 187 to 27 frames (on the cruiser, a reverse frame reporting system was adopted, starting from the aft perpendicular), formed by 70 mm lower and 20 mm upper armor belts, 35 mm longitudinal armored bulkhead (defended by 3.5 m from the main armor belt) and a 20-mm armored platform connecting their bases. Additionally, 50 mm bow and stern beams were installed, as well as 30 ... 35 mm main armored and 12 ... 15 mm upper deck and forecastle deck.

Main power plant

The power plant of the light cruiser consisted of three boiler rooms, which housed six Yarrow 4-collector water-tube boilers with vertical superheaters (capacity - 80 t / h with a pressure of up to 25 kg / cm² and a temperature of up to 350 ° C).
In two engine rooms, two three-hull GTZA Parsons systems with a nominal power of 55 thousand hp were installed. each at 250 rpm at the propeller shaft. The ship also had two auxiliary boilers.

The electric power plant included four 160 kW turbogenerators installed in pairs in the bow and stern engine rooms, and two diesel generators of the same power located in the bow and stern compartments below the waterline outside the armored citadel. The power supply network used a direct current of 220 V.
The reserves of fuel oil amounted to 1635 tons, turbine oil - 70 tons, boiler water - 253 tons, drinking water - 59 tons.

Armament

The main armament of the ship was four 152-mm two-gun artillery mounts, which were located linearly elevated in the bow and stern of the ship. They were distinguished by powerful ballistics, and had separate-sleeve loading with a wedge horizontally sliding bolt.
The ammunition load of each gun was 250 rounds. The main caliber artillery fire control system consisted of a central firing machine in the central artillery post, a command and rangefinder post with a central aiming sight and two 5-meter stereo rangefinders.
The second and third turrets had additional stereo rangefinders with a base of 7.2 m and turret firing machines, which made it possible to control fire autonomously.

The universal caliber was represented by three 100-mm twin deck gun mounts of the Minizini system with an ammunition load of 250 rounds per barrel (one was in the diametrical plane).
These installations had semi-automatic cartridge loading and electric guidance drives, however, in terms of aiming speed, rate of fire and efficiency, this universal caliber almost did not meet the requirements at the beginning of the war.
There were two groups (right and left sides) of naval anti-aircraft artillery fire control devices with two anti-aircraft guns and two sighting and rangefinder posts with 3-meter stereo rangefinders.

The small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery of the ship had four 37-mm twin and eight 20-mm single-barreled Breda anti-aircraft guns: modern, but fired with guidance only from standard optical and diopter sighting devices.

Torpedo armament was represented by two triple-tube 533-mm homing torpedo tubes: there were 12 torpedoes in total, 6 of which were in the tubes and another 6 on racks nearby on the superstructure, without combat chargers.
During the war, however, the sailors abandoned torpedoes, since it was very dangerous to store them, and the need for them was not great: the released weights were used to store additional ammunition for anti-aircraft guns.

The ship also had two bomb launchers and two stern bombers for anti-submarine depth charges. In overload, the cruiser took on the mine paths of the upper deck mines of the barrier (up to 150 pieces, depending on the sample).
On the waist of the cruiser was a rotary catapult, on which two IMAM Ro.43 biplane float floatplanes were stored. Later, the cruiser was equipped with a GUFO-type shipborne air and surface detection radar, which was dismantled together with the GAS during the transfer of the ship to the Soviet Navy.

Service

pre-war

At the beginning of his service, the Duca d'Aosta was in the 7th division of cruisers, in 1938 he was trained to circumnavigate the world with the Eugenio di Savoia (he served in Spanish waters in 1936 - 1937, helping the Francoists) .
On November 5, 1938, both ships set sail from Naples, which was supposed to end on July 25, 1939, however, due to logistical and political problems, the length of the route had to be reduced: the detachment visited only the ports of Brazil, Argentina, Chile and the Caribbean, and never leaving for the Pacific Ocean, and returned to La Spezia on March 3, 1939.

War

At the beginning of 1940, "Duc d" Aosta "was part of the 2 squadron. He took part in the battle at Cape Punto Stilo from July 6 to 10, covered convoys to North Africa in the middle of summer, and at the end of October, together with others fleet forces, already organized the interception of British cruisers on the way to Malta.

From February 16 to November 28, 1941 "Duc d" Aosta "operated as part of the 8th cruiser division, participated in a mine-protecting operation at Cape Bon (from April 19 to 24), after which in the long-range coverage of convoys to Libya in April and May.
Three more minefield operations involving the Duca d "Aosta" took place on June 3 in the waters off Tripoli, as well as in the Strait of Sicily on June 28 and July 7 ( minefields under the codes S2, S31 and S32). In October, a fourth minefield operation was planned, but after the British fleet went to sea, it was canceled.

In late November, the cruiser participated in further cover operations for an important convoy from several ports in Italy to Benghazi.
Between December 13 and 19, the cruiser was also supposed to escort two convoys M41 and M42, which coincided with an attempt by the British to lead a convoy to Malta. As a result, this resulted in a small first battle in the Gulf of Sirte, in which the Duke d'Aosta also participated.

In January 1942, he continued to serve as a convoy guard, covering convoy T18 in Tripoli. In February, the cruiser participated in an unsuccessful search for an English convoy from Malta.
Already in June, as part of the 8th division of the Duke d'Aosta cruisers, he entered into battle against a group of English cruisers and destroyers: the English destroyer Bedouin was sunk in that battle.
By the end of the year, the ship was in Naples: on December 4, the Americans organized a powerful air raid on the Italian naval base, but the cruiser miraculously did not receive major damage.

In 1943, the activity of the Italian fleet ceased due to the depletion of fuel supplies. In early August, the Duca d'Aosta became one of the few ships that tried to impede the further advance of the Allies into Italy, making an unsuccessful attempt to bombard the Allied positions in the Palermo area.
By September 10, 1943, the cruiser made 78 combat sorties at sea, completed more than 90 combat missions and traveled about 30 thousand miles, but had no fire contact with a surface enemy. He also received no serious injuries.

At the time of the capitulation of Italy, the cruiser was in Tarano, from where she sailed to Malta on September 8, 1943 to surrender to the British authorities. During the entire Second World War, the light cruiser did not receive a single serious damage.
On September 12, the "Duca d" Aosta "surrendered along with the rest of the ships of the Italian fleet to the Allies in Malta. After a slight repair, the cruiser, along with the "Giuseppe Garibaldi" and "Duca delli Abruzzi", left Taranto on October 27, 1943. He patrolled the Central and South Atlantic in seven editions from November 1, 1943 to February 15, 1944.
The Duca d'Aosta returned to Italy on April 3, after which it was used only as a transport. After the war, it was put into reserve.

Post-war transfer to the USSR

At the Tehran Conference in 1943, it was decided to divide the Italian fleet after the war. According to the lot drawn by representatives of the naval command of Great Britain, the USA, France and the Soviet Union, exactly 45 ships were transferred to the disposal of the USSR. Among them was the cruiser "Duc d" Aosta.
The acceptance of the ship by Soviet sailors did not cause problems: the design of the cruiser did not differ from the cruisers of projects 26 and 26 bis, and its entry into the Black Sea Fleet would allow the obsolete and worn-out Red Caucasus and Red Crimea to be removed from it. The transfer of the cruiser took place on February 6, 1949 in the port of Odessa under the code name Z-15. On February 26, the cruiser was renamed "Stalingrad", and then "Kerch".

Service in the Black Sea Fleet

After being accepted into the Black Sea Fleet, the cruiser "Kerch" was repaired and modernized at the Sevastopol Marine Plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze. Anti-aircraft artillery was dismantled from the ship, installing the Soviet Guys and Redan radars, and the main caliber artillery fire control system was modernized. Then the cruiser "Kerch" was already inferior to the cruisers of the 68-K project.

Formally, the Kerch was part of the cruiser division of the Black Sea Fleet, but from the very beginning it was used for training purposes. On February 16, 1956, the cruiser was reclassified to a training cruiser, and on March 11, 1958, to a training ship OS-32.
In total, he served 10 years as part of the USSR Navy, not having been noted either by skirmishes or disasters. At the same time, qualified sailors served on the Kerch, who later mastered the new warships of the missile-carrying fleet.

On February 20, 1959, the training cruiser Kerch was finally excluded from the lists of the fleet and later scrapped. There were two reasons for such a decision: the line of the leadership of the USSR Ministry of Defense assumed the "liquidation of cruisers as a class", since they did not meet the new conditions of armed struggle; in addition, after the death of the battleship Novorossiysk, the command doubted the quality of the Italian ships received and ordered them to be dismantled as soon as possible.

When part of the ships of the Italian fleet was divided between the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition, our country, among other ships, got the light cruiser Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta, which belonged to the Condotieri-D type. March 2, 1949 in Odessa, the Italian crew handed over the cruiser to the Soviet team. On March 30, the ship was enrolled in the cruiser brigade of the Black Sea Fleet squadron - first under the name "Stalingrad", and then, next year (when the newly laid down heavy cruiser received this name project 82) - "Kerch". The cruiser was part of the combat structure of the brigade, and then the division of cruisers until February 17, 1956, when it was reclassified as a training cruiser, after which it was used for training purposes for two years.

On March 11, 1958, the Kerch training cruiser, which, due to its technical condition, could well have served for about 5 years without any major repairs, was reorganized into an experimental ship and less than a year later (February 20, 1959) was excluded from the lists of the fleet . Two decisive factors at that time immediately affected his fate: firstly, the line of the leadership of the USSR Ministry of Defense to “eliminate cruisers as a class” of warships that did not meet the new conditions of armed struggle, and secondly, categorical instructions from Moscow (followed after the death October 29, 1955 in Sevastopol battleship "Novorossiysk") to clear the fleet of the former Italian ships ...

The history of the creation of pre-war Italian light cruisers dates back to 1926, when the first 4 ships of this class were included in the shipbuilding program, which later received the names "Giovanni delle Bande Nere", "Bartolomeo Colleoni", "Alberto di Giussano" and "Alberico da Barbiano" (type "Condotieri-A"). These cruisers (as, indeed, the next two) were designed under the guidance of the Chief Inspector of Shipbuilding of the Italian Navy, Lieutenant General Umberto Pugliese, in response to the construction of Leone-class destroyer leaders in France and surpassed them in all tactical and technical elements. In their design, very powerful armament (8-152/53 mm guns in four two-gun turrets) and high speed (up to 42 knots) were combined with a small displacement (no more than 6800 tons). The payoff for all these achievements was extremely light armor and hull design. The reservation system proposed by Umberto Pugliese and subsequently used on all Italian light cruisers provided for the installation at a distance of 1.5 - 3.5 m behind the main armor belt of a longitudinal anti-fragmentation armored bulkhead adjacent to the top of the armored deck, and from the bottom to the armored platform (attached to the main armor belt and thus closing the armor contour). Otherwise, it was the usual "box" armor system, widespread on cruisers at that time: the citadel was protected from above by a flat armored deck, and in front and behind by armored traverses.

The thickness of the armor on the first four (as well as on the next two) "Condotieri" seemed more than modest: the main armor belt - 24 mm, the longitudinal bulkhead - 18 mm, the armored deck and traverses - 20 mm. Nevertheless, it was believed that these ships were quite well protected from 120-138 mm high-explosive shells of destroyers and leaders at combat distances (50-80 cab.), They were able to confidently hit them with their 152-mm artillery fire. Their entry into service in 1931 aroused considerable interest in world naval circles. In 1933, the following two ships, slightly different from their predecessors, entered service: Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz (Condotieri-B type).

Unfolded in France in the early 1930s. the construction of light cruisers with 152-mm main battery artillery forced the Italian designers to take appropriate measures. The next two ships, already designed under the leadership of Major General Francesco Rotundi (the new chief inspector of military shipbuilding of the Italian fleet) - "Raimondo Montecuccoli" and "Muzio Atendolo" - with unchanged weapons, had enhanced armor (belt - 60 mm, longitudinal bulkhead - 25 mm and armored deck - 30 mm), due to which their total displacement reached 8000 tons and, despite the increased to 110000 hp. the power of two GTZA, the full speed was limited to 37 knots (during sea trials, Armando Diaz developed 39.72 knots, and Raimondo Montecuccoli - 38.72 knots). As you know, it was "Raimondo Montecuccoli" that became the prototype of the first Soviet light cruisers of the "Kirov" type ( project 26). The general arrangement of the Soviet cruiser was made according to the working drawings of the Italian, while the mechanical installation was simply accepted “according to the prototype”, and the theoretical drawing was also delivered from Italy.

In January 1932, the laying of two light cruisers of the Condotieri-D type followed: Eugenio di Savoia was built by Ansaldo, and Bmmanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta was built by Odero-Temi-Orlando. The ships launched on March 16, 1935 and April 22, 1934, and entered service on January 12, 1936 and July 11, 1935, respectively. Their armament, compared to the previous type, remained practically unchanged, except for improved models of fire control devices and the number of 533-mm torpedo tubes increased from 4 to 6. Reservation has undergone further strengthening: the thickness of the armor belt reached 70 mm, and the longitudinal bulkhead and upper armored deck - 35 mm.

The boiler and turbine plant remained unchanged and, due to the further increase in the displacement of ships (total - 9000 tons), the design speed was determined to be 36.5 knots (during sea trials, the Duca d'Aosta reached 37.35 knots). In terms of their combat capabilities, these light cruisers were not inferior to their English and French "peers" - ships of the "Sydney" and "La-Galissoniere" types, respectively, and even surpassed them in a number of tactical and technical elements.

The last cruisers of the Condotieri family were Giuseppe Garibaldi and Luigi di Savoya degli Abruzzi. Both of these ships entered service in 1937 and appeared to be among the most advanced light cruisers on the eve of World War II. Their boiler and turbine installation remained the same as that of their predecessors, however, armament and armor were significantly enhanced. More powerful 152-mm guns with a barrel length of 55 calibers (and not 53, as before) were installed in the amount of 10 barrels (two 3- and two 2-gun turrets), the number of 100-mm twin universal artillery mounts increased to four. All other weapons remained unchanged. The thickness of the main armor belt increased to 90 mm, the longitudinal armor bulkhead and armored deck - up to 40 mm. Due to the fact that the displacement of the ships reached 10,000 tons, they had to limit themselves to a 35-knot design speed (during tests it was possible to reach speeds of up to 38 knots). It was believed that these cruisers would be able to withstand 203-mm armor-piercing shells at distances from 75 to 100 cab. It was originally planned to lay down in 1935 the next two light cruisers ("Ciano" and "Venezia"), which were a further development of the Garibaldi class, but their construction was various reasons never started.

In the future, the Italian fleet of cruisers no longer built: ships of the Attilio Regolo type that entered service during the war years were unarmored destroyer leaders with 135-mm artillery, high speed (41 knots) and moderate displacement (3400 tons), and those being completed in the version of air defense cruisers, the 6000-ton Etna and Vezuvio (laid down in 1939 for Thailand) were never completed during the war years.

Italy entered the Second World War on June 10, 1940, with 12 light cruisers of quite modern construction in its fleet. All these ships took an active part in the fighting against the English fleet in the Mediterranean. Six ships out of twelve were lost. On July 19, 1940, Bartolomeo Colleoni was the first to die in a battle with the English light cruiser Sydney and four destroyers off the northwestern coast of Crete - the armor protection was completely unsatisfactory (in order to withstand English 152-mm armor-piercing shells). The same-type Giovanni Deglle Bande Nere, which followed the Colleoni, at that time managed to escape, despite the damage received, and only on April 1, 1942, it sank from a torpedo of an English submarine near the island of Stromboli. On February 25, 1941, near the Tunisian port of Sfax, the Armando Diaz went to the bottom for the same reason. A real disaster befell the Italian cruisers "Alberico da Barbiano" and "Alberto di Giussano" on the night of December 13, 1941, when they, with a cargo of gasoline and ammunition for their ground forces off the coast of Tunisia, were taken by surprise and died from torpedoes of three English and one Danish destroyers . On August 13, 1942, near the port of Cagliari, the Muzio Attendolo lost its bow end from the explosion of an English submarine torpedo, and on December 4, the ship, which was being repaired in the harbor of Naples, capsized and sank from air bombs during an Allied bomber raid on the city. The fates of the six surviving ships turned out differently. "Luigi Cadoma" was used to train personnel in Taranto and in 1951 went for scrap. "Raimondo Montecuccoli" was used as a training ship for a long time and was dismantled only in 1972. Until 1961, "Luigi di Savoya Duca del Abruzzi" served, and the same type "Giuseppe Garibaldi", which passed in 1957-1962. radical modernization with re-equipment in the URO cruiser, remained in the fleet until 1972.

Two Italian light cruisers were transferred to the Greek and Soviet fleets in 1949 as reparations: they were the same type Eugenio Di Savoya and Emanuele Filiberto duca d'Aosta ...

The light cruiser Kerch had a riveted hull with a forecastle extending about one third of its length. The recruitment system is mixed: the middle part is along the longitudinal system, the ends are along the transverse system. 21 water-permeable transverse bulkheads divided the hull into 22 compartments. It was envisaged that the ship would be able to withstand the flooding of any two adjacent watertight compartments. The transverse metacentric height at normal displacement was 1.52 m.

The armored citadel extended from 187 to 27 sp. (numbering sp. - from the aft perpendicular). It was formed by 70 mm lower, 20 mm upper armor belts, a 35 mm longitudinal armor bulkhead spaced 3.5 m from the main armor belt, and a 20 mm armor platform connecting their bases, 50 mm bow and stern beams. , as well as 30 ... 35 mm main armor and 12 ... 15 mm upper deck and forecastle deck.

In three boiler rooms there were 6 four-collector water-tube boilers of the Yarrow system with vertical superheaters (capacity - 80 t / h with a pressure of up to 25 kg / sq. cm and a temperature of up to 350 degrees C), and in two engine rooms two three-case GTZA systems Parsons rated at 55,000 hp. at 250 rpm propeller shaft. There were also two auxiliary boilers on the ship. The electric power plant included four 160 kW turbine generators installed in pairs in the bow and stern engine rooms, and two 160 kW diesel generators located in the bow and stern compartments below the waterline outside the armored citadel. The power supply network used a direct current of 220 V.

Fuel oil reserves reached 1635 tons, turbine oil - 70 tons, boiler water - 253 tons, drinking water - 59 tons.

The main armament of the ship was four 152-mm two-gun artillery mounts (AU), placed linearly elevated in the bow and stern of the ship. The guns were distinguished by powerful ballistics and had a separate-sleeve loading with wedge horizontal sliding gates. Ammunition was 250 shots / barrel. The system of fire control devices for artillery of the main caliber (GK) consisted of one central automatic firing machine (CAC) located in the central artillery post (CAP), a command and rangefinder post (KDP) with a central aiming sight and two 5th stereo rangefinders. In addition, the second and third main battery turrets had stereo rangefinders with a base of 7.2 m and turret firing machines (BAS), which made it possible to control fire of only 152-mm caliber or the bow and stern groups of towers autonomously. The universal artillery consisted of three 100-mm twin deck guns of the Minizini system, installed in the stern, with one located in the diametrical plane. These guns, despite the semi-automatic cartridge loading and electric guidance drives, in terms of their aiming speeds, rate of fire and the effectiveness of the ammunition on the target by the beginning of the war already very little met the requirements for them. Ammunition was provided in the amount of 250 rounds per barrel. There were two groups (right and left sides) of naval artillery anti-aircraft fire control devices (MPUAZO) with two anti-aircraft guns (ZAS) and two sighting and rangefinder posts with 3 stereo rangefinders.

The small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery of the ship had four 37-mm twin and eight 20-mm single-barreled Breda anti-aircraft guns. These systems were quite modern at that time, but they could fire with guidance only from simple optical and diopter sighting devices.

Torpedo armament was represented by two triple-tube 533-mm homing torpedo tubes, for which the ship had a total of 12 torpedoes (6 in tubes and 6 on racks nearby on the superstructure, without combat chargers stored in a special cellar below the WL). During the war, spare torpedoes were abandoned due to the danger of storage on board and little need, using the released weights for additional ammunition for anti-aircraft guns. In addition, the ship had two bombers and two stern bombers for anti-submarine depth charges, and also (in overload) could take barrage mines on the mine tracks of the upper deck (up to 150 minutes, depending on the model).

Aviation armament was also provided: a rotary catapult was located on the waist, on which two INAM RO 43 biplane float floatplanes were stored.

In 1943, the cruiser received one of the first samples of the Italian naval airborne and surface detection radar of the GUFO type, dismantled along with the GAS during the transfer of the ship to the Soviet Navy.

Service of the light cruiser "Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta". After her commissioning, the Duca d'Aosta joined the 7th Cruiser Division and in 1938 trained to circumnavigate the world with the Savoia, which was part of the same division. The latter served in Spanish waters in 1936/37, participating in Italian activities in support of General Franco's troops in the civil war. The ships left Naples on November 5, 1938, on a voyage that was to continue until July 25, 1939. However, logistical difficulties and, mainly, political problems in the deteriorating international climate of 1939 forced to reduce the length of the chosen route, and abandon the second part of the voyage to the shores of the USA, Japan, the East Indies, Singapore and India. Thus, having visited the ports of Brazil, Argentina, Chile and the Caribbean, the detachment returned to La Spezia on March 3, 1939.

At the beginning of 1940, "Duca d'Aosta" was part of the 2nd squadron and took part in the battle at Cape Punto Stilo on July 6-10, covering convoys to North Africa in the middle of summer, and at the end of October, together with other forces fleet - in an attempt to intercept the British cruisers on the way to Malta.

Between February 16 and November 28, 1941, Duca d'Aosta operated as part of the 8th Cruiser Division. During 1941, the cruiser participated in a mine-protecting operation at Cape Bon (April 19-24), after which - in the long-range coverage of convoys to Libya in April and May. Three more minefield operations with the participation of "Duca d'Aosta" took place: on June 3 in the waters near Tripoli, in the Strait of Sicily on June 28 and July 7 (minefields under the code S2, S31 and S32).

A follow-up operation in October, however, was canceled upon receipt of information that the British fleet had put to sea. In late November, the cruiser participated in further cover operations for an important convoy from several ports in Italy to Benghazi. Between 13 and 19 December, the passage of two subsequent convoys, M41 and M42, coincided with an attempt by the British to conduct a convoy to Malta, which eventually led to an indecisive first battle in the Gulf of Sirte, in which Duca d'Aosta also happened to participate.

He also covered convoy T18 at Tripoli in January 1942, while the following month he participated in the failed search for an English convoy from Malta.

In June, the Duca d'Aosta with the 8th Division fought against British cruisers and destroyers when the British destroyer Beduin was sunk.

By the end of the year, the ship was in Naples and happily escaped major damage when, on December 4, the US Air Force carried out a massive raid on this base.

The combat activity of Italian ships in 1943 actually ceased, mainly due to fuel shortages, but after the Allied invasion of Sicily in early August, the cruiser made an unsuccessful attempt to bombard Allied positions in the Palermo area.

On September 12, 1943, the cruiser, along with the rest of the ships of the Italian fleet, surrendered to the Allies in Malta.

After Italy's withdrawal from the war, "Duca d'Aosta", after a small repair, together with "Abruzzi" and "Garibaldi" left Taranto for Freetown on October 27, 1945. She made seven patrols in the central and south Atlantic between 1 November 1943 and 15 February 1944 before returning to Italy on 3 April. After that, the ship was used to solve only transport tasks and at the end of the war was put into reserve.

The acceptance of the ship by our crew did not cause any serious problems, since in its design and type of technical means it did not differ significantly from domestic cruisers projects 26 And 26 bis. "Kerch" was at that time a very necessary training ship, its entry into the Black Sea Fleet made it possible to soon withdraw completely outdated and worn out "Red Caucasus" and "Red Crimea" from its composition.

Soon after receiving in 1949-1950. the cruiser was repaired and partially modernized at the Sevastopol Morzavod im. S. Orzhonikidze. Air armament was dismantled from the ship and domestic radars (Guys and Redan) were installed, the main caliber artillery fire control system was modernized.

Assessing the ship in terms of its combat capabilities for 1949, it should be noted that, of course, it was already inferior to the domestic light cruisers being completed at that time project 68-K, but was quite at the level of the cruisers that were part of our fleet projects 26 And 26 bis.

Almost ten years of service of the light cruiser "Kerch" in the Soviet Navy was not marked by any heroic battles or long-distance campaigns, but it was not overshadowed by catastrophes and accidents. At the same time, the ship served for a long time as a "forge" of qualified personnel, who subsequently successfully mastered the new warships of the missile-carrying fleet.

The large anti-submarine ship "Kerch" is the third of the known seven vessels of project 1134 B, which were created in Nikolaev (in Ukraine). For a long time, these BODs were the most powerful surface units (until the design series was subsequently created under the number 1155). The ship is intended to participate in search and strike groups to identify and eliminate enemy nuclear submarines in any part of the ocean. The ship got its name in honor of the hero city of the same name. Recently, it has been assigned to the Black Sea Fleet as part of the Russian Federation. It is one of two ships of the first rank. The second is a cruiser called "Moscow".

Construction

In fact, at the beginning of 2011, six of the seven ships of the project (1971-1979), which were part of the Soviet fleet, were excluded from the units, as well as the subordination of the Russian Navy and dismantled for scrap. Only the unique large anti-submarine ship (Project 1134 B) "Kerch" remained in operation at the Black Sea Fleet.

The construction of the vessel began in 1971, under the construction index of 2003. The ship was first launched in July of the seventy-second year, and it entered service at the end of 1974. The Soviet flag was hoisted on the deck of a military watercraft, which was included in the 70th brigade of the 30th anti-submarine defense division of the Black Sea Fleet. The city of Sevastopol became the official port of registry, in 1999 the tail number was changed to 733.

Characteristics

Below are the main technical parameters of the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet:

• nominal / maximum displacement - 6700/8565 tons;
• length / width / draft - 173.5 / 18.55 / 6.35 meters (maximum);
• power units - four DN-59 gas turbine engines combined with a pair of DS-71 gas turbine engines;
• power indicator - one hundred two thousand eight hundred horsepower;
• speed parameters (marching / full) - 18/33 knots;
• duration at 32 knots - 2,760 miles;
• mover - 2 * VFSh;
• autonomy - a month and a half in terms of provisions, thirty days - in terms of fuel and water reserves;
• crew - four hundred and thirty people.

The domestic large anti-submarine ship "Kerch" changed its side numbers several times. The last index is 713.

1976-1985

On the first combat mission, the ship entered the Mediterranean Sea (early 1976). With its presence, the BOD proved its military involvement during the conflict between Israel and Lebanon. In the summer of the same year, the ship returned to its home port. Then there were more exits to the Mediterranean (1977-1978, 1979).

In 1978, for its achievements, the large anti-submarine ship "Kerch" was awarded a special government prize for missile specialization, and a few months later - a pennant of the Ministry of Defense "For courage and military prowess".

Two years later, the ship was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the Military Council of the KChF. In the autumn of 1981, the flagship advanced to the combat training ground (water area of ​​Sevastopol). Soviet Marshal K.S. Moskalenko was on board. In the autumn of 1982, the ship took part in the Shield-82 naval exercises, and two years later, in the Soyuz-84 competition. In the summer of 1884, the ship went on an official visit to Varna (fraternal Bulgarian port).

First renovation and improvement

At the end of the visit and refueling, the ship was not destined to go on schedule for the next combat mission. One of the crew members did not check the presence and volume of oil, started the main mechanism, as a result of which the power plant broke down. The ship was taken to the docks for repairs.

After the modernization of the BOD "Kerch" was equipped with new sets of weapons:

• rocket complex "Rastrub";
• anti-aircraft guns "Storm-N";
• communication device "Tsunami";
• systems "Cyclone" and "Boletus";
• salute forty-five-millimeter guns.

During repairs on the ship, a fire broke out in the officer's mess. The fire began to be extinguished only after twenty minutes, but the ship was saved, there were no casualties. In the summer of 1989, Kerch visited Istanbul, and in August went back to Varna.

1993-2011

Carrying out mooring, a large anti-submarine ship "Kerch" crashed into a concrete pier in the Sevastopol Bay. As a result, serious deformations of the stern were obtained, it took fourteen days of repair. In June-July 1993, the ship was on the last mission in the twentieth century, where there was contact with American nuclear submarines.

According to the results of 1993, the military vessel won the prize of the Main Committee of the Russian Navy for missile equipment. And the very next year, a large anti-submarine ship (BPK Kerch) was on a campaign in the Mediterranean Sea, which lasted seventeen days. The ship supported Boris Yeltsin's visit to Greece. Later there were transitions to Varna, Cannes and Messina. In 2005, ongoing repairs were carried out in Novorossiysk. In their course, they replaced the turbogenerator, performed some hull work, eliminated six millimeters of shaft line runout and repaired the bottom and outboard fittings.

"Kerch" - a large anti-submarine ship (262-B, "Stary Oskol" - a new ship, which, by the way, is about to leave the shipyards to replace the old-timer), with which several extraordinary stories are associated. In addition to the fact that he suffered several fires and a ram with a concrete pier, the ship had a chance in 1992 to sail after the collapse of the USSR under the flag of a country that no longer exists.

In the summer of 2011, the BOD monitored the American missile cruiser Monterey for two weeks. During the period of being in the mode of constant readiness, the vessel passed over one hundred and eighty thousand nautical miles. As a result of anti-submarine and related operations, it was possible to maintain contact with foreign nuclear submarines for eight hours. With diesel-powered submarines, this period was about forty hours.

During a scheduled refurbishment in 2014-2015, the flagship caught fire again. This time, the large anti-submarine ship "Kerch" suffered very seriously. The issue of its further disposal is being considered. However, caring people are trying to prevent this and turn the ship into a museum. The ship is also under the patronage of the South-Eastern District of Moscow, the Belgorod and Volgograd administrations.

Conclusion

During the long history of the USSR, many military courts were built, which at that time were considered progressive and modern. Unfortunately, decades could not but affect the condition of the ships. Many of them were disposed of and cut into scrap metal.

So far, the Kerch BOD has escaped this fate, the history of its creation and operation gives the right to assert with confidence that this is one of the effective flagships of the Black Sea Fleet. Another fire on the ship seriously damaged the equipment, in connection with which the question arises, what to do with the ship next? I would like to hope that they will find a worthy use for it - if not in the military field, then as a museum exhibit.