Pentoxifillain increases or lowers pressure. "Pentoxifillain" Indications for use, analogues and reviews

Peripheral vasodilators. Pyrine derivatives.
ATX code- C04AD03.

Pharmacological properties"Type \u003d" Checkbox "\u003e

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
The drug is a derivative of methylksanthin, an angioprotector, improves microcirculation.
The mechanism of the action of pentoxifyline is associated with the oppression of phosphodiesterase and the accumulation of cyclic AMF in the cells of the smooth muscles of the vessels, uniform elements blood, in other tissues and organs. Blocks adenosine receptors.
It slows down the aggregation of platelets, increases the elasticity of erythrocytes, reduces the increased concentration of fibrinogen in plasma and enhances fibrinolysis, which reduces blood viscosity and improves its rheological properties. In addition, it has a weak myotropic vasodilatory action, slightly reduces the total peripheral vascular resistance and has positive inotropic effect, improves the supply of tissues with oxygen (to the greatest extent - in the limbs and central nervous system, moderately - in the kidneys). The drug slightly expands the coronary vessels.
Pharmacokinetics
Metabolism
Metabolism mainly occurs in the liver, where a number of pharmacologically active metabolites are formed, the main of which is 1- (5-hydroxygexyl) -3,7-dimethylksanthine (metabolite I) and 1- (3-carboxypropyl) -3,7-dimethylksanthine ( Metabolite V). Cmax pentoxifyline and the main products of its biodegradation is achieved for 1 hour, and the concentration of metabolites in the blood plasma is 5-8 times higher than the concentration of the source substance.
Election
T1 / 2 pentoxifyilline is 1.6 h.
It is removed mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites (more than 90%), less than 4% of the administered dose is distinguished with feces, can be excreted by lactating milky glands.
Pharmacokinetics in special clinical cases
In patients with severe renal impairments, the excretion of metabolites is slowed down.
In patients with impaired liver function, the lengthening T1 / 2 pentoxifylline is marked.

Indications for use

Disturbance of the peripheral blood circulation IIB stage according to the foundation classification ("intermitted" chromotype): as an initial or supporting treatment when prescribing pentoxifyalline orally, in combination with surgical treatment or in a preoperative period, or in case of impossibility operational treatment; Diabetic angiopathy.
Trophic disorders (for example, shin or gangrene ulcers).
Cerebrovascular diseases atherosclerotic genesis.
Degenerative changes Against the background of the pathology of the vessels inner ear and reduce hearing (deafness, hearing loss, etc.), circulatory disorders in the retina and vascular sheath eyes.

Contraindications

– acute infarction myocardium;
- massive bleeding;
- hemorrhage into the brain;
- extensive hemorrhage in the retina eye;
- hemorrhagic diathesis;
- ulcers of the stomach and intestines;
- pregnancy;
- lactation;
- children's and adolescent age up to 18 years;
–increased sensitivity to pentoxyphyline, other derivatives of methylxanthine or components drug.

Precautions

Care should be taken when the drug is prescribed to patients with: arterial hypotension (the risk of decline in blood pressure), impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance (CC) below 30 ml / min) (risk of accumulation and increased risk of development side Effects), heavy violations of the liver function (risk of accumulation and increased risk of side effects), increased tendency to bleeding, including as a result of using anticoagulants or violations in the blood coagulation system (the risk of heavier bleeding).
Treatment should be carried out under blood pressure control.
In patients suffering diabetesTaking hypoglycemic agents, the purpose of large doses can cause pronounced hypoglycemia (a dose correction is required).
When applied simultaneously with anticoagulants, it is necessary to carefully follow the indicators of the blood coagulation system.
In patients who have suffered recently operational interventionThe systematic control of hemoglobin and hematocrit is needed.
In the elderly, a dose reduction may be required (reducing the departure rate).
The safety and efficacy of pentoxifyillin in children is not sufficiently studied.
Smoking can reduce the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.
Compatibility of the pentoxifyillin solution with infusion solution should be checked in each case.
When carrying out intravenous infusions, the patient must be in the lying position.
Each ampoule is contained less than 1 sodium. But with the introduction of the contents of 2 and more ampoules, the total amount of sodium will be more than 1 mmol in the dose, which must be taken into account patients on a low sodium diet.
In patients with systemic red lupus and other systemic diseases connective tissue Pentoxifillain is prescribed only after a thorough assessment of the benefit and risk ratio.

Application during pregnancy and during lactation

The safety of the use of pentoxyfall during pregnancy is not established, in connection with which it is not recommended to prescribe a medicine.
Pentoxifillain stands out from C. breast milkSo at the time of treatment it is necessary to stop breastfeeding.

Impact on the ability to control vehicles and other mechanisms

There are no data on the effect on the ability to control vehicles and other mechanisms. However, it should be taken into account the possibility of developing side effects (dizziness, etc.) and be careful when driving vehicle and lessons potentially hazardous species Activities.

Method of application and dose

The dose and method of use are determined by the doctor, depending on the severity of circulatory disorders and individual tolerance of the drug.
The usual dose is 1-2 continuous infusions per day (in the morning and day), each of which contains from 100 mg of pentoxifylin (1 ampoule of 5 ml) to 300 mg of pentoxyfalline (3 ampoules of 5 ml). The contents of the ampoules are divorced in 250-500 ml of solvent (0.9% solution of sodium chloride, ringer solution, 5% glucose solution). The recommended introduction rate is 100 mg of pentoxyfalline (1 ampoule / hour).
Advanced K. infusion therapy It is possible to prescribe pentoxifyllin inside, but the daily dose of pentoxyfalline should not exceed 1200 mg.
Depending on the concomitant diseases (heart failure), it may be necessary to reduce the input volumes. In such cases, it is recommended to use a special infusor for controlled infusion.
Patients S. renal failure (QC below 30 ml / min) It is necessary to reduce the dosage by 50-70%, which depends on the individual tolerance of the drug to patients.
Reducing the dose, taking into account individual tolerance, is necessary for patients with severe liver function.
Treatment can be launched with low doses in patients with low arterial pressure, as well as in persons in the risk group due to a possible pressure reduction (patients with severe form ischemic Disease Hearts or with hemodynamically significant stenosis of brain vessels). In these cases, the dose can only be increased gradually.
In old age, it is recommended to reduce the dosage and control arterial pressure, especially when used in conjunction with hypotensive and vasodilant means.
There is no experience in the use of pentoxifyillin in children and adolescents.

Side effect

Criteria of the incidence of side effects: very often (≥1 / 10); Often (≥1 / 100 to<1/10); нечасто (≥1/1000 до <1/100); редко (≥1/10000 до <1/1000); очень редко (<1/10000); не известно (по имеющимся данным частота не может быть оценена).
Some side effects can be avoided by reducing the rate of infusion.
Blood violations and lymphatic system
Very rarely: thrombocytopenia with thrombocytopenic purple, aplastic anemia (pancytopenia). Regular monitoring of blood indicators are required.
From the immune system
Infrequently: the reaction of hypersensitivity with skin manifestations (see disorders from the skin and subcutaneous tissue).
Very rarely: anaphylactic or anaphyactoid reactions, as well as angioedema, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock; Epidermal necroliza, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Disorders of the psyche
Infrequently: excitement, insomnia.
Diseases of the nervous system
Infrequently: dizziness, tremor, headache.
Very rarely: paresthesia, cramps, aseptic meningitis.
Violations
Infrequently: vision vision, conjunctivitis.
Very rarely: hemorrhage in the retina eye, retinal detachment. In this case, the introduction of pentoxyfalline must be immediately discontinued.
Heartbeat
Infrequently: arrhythmia, tachycardia.
Rarely: angina, shortness of breath.
Vessel violations
Often: "tides" blood to skin cover.
Rarely: bleeding (including vessels of the skin, mucous membranes, stomach and intestines, intracranial hemorrhage), decrease in blood pressure.
Very rarely: an increase in blood pressure.
Violations from the gastrointestinal tract
Often: nausea, vomiting, feeling overflow and pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach, diarrhea.
Rarely: gastrointestinal bleeding.
Violations by the liver and biliary tract
Very rarely: internal cholestasis, increasing the activity of "liver" transaminases, alkaline phosphatase.
Disturbing from the skin and subcutaneous fiber
Infrequently: itching, erythema, urticaria.
Very rarely: sweating.
Disorders from the kidneys and urinary tract
Rarely: bleeding.
General disorders and disorders at the injection site
Infrequently: fever.
Rarely: peripheral edema.

Preparation that improves microcirculation. Angioprotector

Active substance

Pentoxifyilline (PentoxifyLine)

Release form, composition and packaging

Injection Transparent, colorless or slightly yellowish.

Improves the microcirculation and rheological properties of blood, has a vasodinating effect, blocks phosphodiesterase and promotes the accumulation of C-AMP in cells. Enhances the elasticity of the erythrocyte membrane, reduces their adhesion, reduces platelet aggregation and blood viscosity. Blocks adenosine receptors.

Pharmacokinetics

Metabolized liver. In the process of metabolism, several active metabolites are formed.

The drug is excreted mainly through the kidneys in the form of metabolites. Less than 4% of the administered dose is displayed with the feces.

In patients with disturbed liver function, the bioavailability of the drug increases and its extends to 1/2.

Indications

- disorders of peripheral blood circulation;

- Ischemic cerebral stroke, brain circulation disorders due to atherosclerosis, discirculatory encephalopathy;

- trophic disorders of tissues and organs associated with thrombosis of arteries or veins, frostbite;

- diabetic angiopathy;

- circulatory disorder in eye vessels;

- Violation of the functions of the middle ear of vascular genesis, accompanying with hearing loss.

Contraindications

- acute myocardial infarction;

- massive bleeding;

- hemorrhage into the brain;

- massive hemorrhage in the retina;

- expressed coronary or cerebral atherosclerosis;

- severe violations of the rhythm of the heart;

- childhood;

- increased sensitivity to pentoxyphylin and similar preparations and substances from the group of xanthine derivatives, such as caffeine, aminoophyllin or theobromin.

S. should be applied caution In patients with heart failure and diseases of the liver and kidney.

Dosage

The drug can be introduced into / in, in / a.

The / in a drip is injected slowly at a dose of 100 mg in 250-500 ml of isotonic sodium sodium solution or in 5% solution (duration of administration - 90-180 min); Internally - first at a dose of 100 mg in a 20-50 ml of isotonic sodium solution chloride, and in the following days - 200-300 mg in 30-50 ml of solvent.

Introduction speed: 100 mg (5 ml of 2% pentoxifyilline solution) for 10 minutes.

Side effects

During the administration of the drug, the face has been reddening, a feeling of skin burning, decreased blood pressure, feeling of heat, arrhythmias, chest pain, dizziness.

Overdose

The first signs of overdose: Weakness, dizziness, tachycardia and decrease in blood pressure, development of drowsiness, fainting, excitation, cramps.

Treatment Symptomatic: maintaining or restoring blood pressure, maintaining the function of breathing.

Medicinal interaction

Pentoxifillain can enhance the effect of other drugs affecting the chopping system of blood (indirect and direct anticoagulants, thrombolytics); Enhances the effect on the coagulation system of such drugs as Cephamandol, CefaPerazol, Cefotan, Moxalaktam, Plikamycin,.

Pentoxifillain can enhance the effect of antihypertensive preparations, insulin, oral sugar preparations.

Cimetidine increases the stable concentration of pentoxyphylin in the blood plasma, and therefore the increase in the occurrence of side effects of the latter may be observed.

A joint appointment with other drugs, representatives of this group, can enhance the initiation of the CNS.

special instructions

Compatibility of the pentoxifyillin solution with infusion solution should be checked in each case.

When conducting in / in infusions, the patient should be in the position lying.

The drug is well tolerated by patients at the recommended infusion rate and injecting.

When the drug is in / in and the introduction of the drug, caution must be taken.

The dose of the drug should be reduced for patients with low and unstable blood pressure.

In the elderly, the removal of the drug decreases, in connection with which it may be necessary to reduce the dose of the drug.

- This is a medication from the drug group, the action of which is aimed at treating the cardiovascular system and improved blood circulation. Pentoxifillain provides oxygen saturation tissues, in addition, it is able to withstand a certain set of enzymes. For acquisition, you need a recipe.

Pharmaceutical action

The instructions for pentoxifyilline says that the drug is capable of:

1. Influence the decline in the fibrinoid plasma.
2. Stop the process of fusion of platelets and erythrocytes into one system.
3. Improve the sensitivity of blood components.
4. Assate the dissolution of clots and blood clots in the blood, reduce blood viscosity, improving its fluidity.

When prescribed the drug:

• with the narrowing of the vessels Pentoxifillain has a slightly myotropic effect;
• with peripheral vessel resistances A small positive effect is manifested;
• with the narrowing of the coronary vesselthere is a positive effect of an inotropic nature;
• with oxygen fasting fabrics It has the effect of saturation, so the greater portion of oxygen is obtained by limbs and CNS.

If the patient suffers from a mixed chromota caused by sharp impassability of vessels, then intravenous administration of pentoxifyilline causes an improvement in the patient's condition. He retreats pain, sensitivity and cramps, affecting the icy muscles.

A drug having synthetic origin operates due to the active substance Pentoxifillain. A doctor should appoint a medicine.

The form of the drug

1. Dragee and tablets weighing 0.1 g and 0.4 g (in the shell, the form of the usual) and tablets weighing 0.4 g and 0.6 g (possess a prolonged action);
2. ConcentransFrom which the solution is manufactured. It is introduced intraarterially and intravenously in the dosage of 20 mg / ml. Available in ampoules of 5 ml.

The effect of the drug

• Tablets are completely absorbed and for a short time.
• Active substances communicate with erythrocyte membranes by subjected to biotransformation. First, this process occurs in red blood cells, and then moves to the liver. In the liver, 1-5-hydroxyisoxyl, 3-7-dimethylksanthin and 1-3-hydroxypropyl, 3-7-dimethylksanthine (main metabolites) are synthesized.

The remnants of the drug utilize the kidneys, the smallest percentage of the intestine (no more than 4%). This is stated in the instructions for pills.

Pregnancy is a case when the use of pentoxifyilline should be carried out particularly carefully and necessarily when consulting a doctor. It is important to remember that the active ingredients in the composition fall into breast milk.

Indications for application

Pentoxifillain is used at:

• treatment of osteochondrosis;
• cerebrovascular disease, accompanied by cholesterol deposition on the inner wall of the arteries;
• violation of blood circulation processes in eye vessels;
• lesions of nephropathy vessels;
• tissue trophic disorders (frostbite and gangrene);
• violations of blood circulation processes affecting small arteries;
• diseases of vessels affecting foot arteries;
• in atherosclerotic, inflammatory and diabetic processes;
• kohlearn nerupt;
• pathology of eye vessels.

Vascular diseases

Contraindications

It is forbidden to take tablets in the cases specified by the instructions for use:

1. pregnancy and lactation period, as well as in violation of blood coagulation;
2. drinking alcohol during treatment;
3. hemorrhage to the brain or retina;
4. ulcerative processes in digestive organs;
5. damage to the heart muscle due to thrombosis;
6. sharp and clearly tangible drop in pressure;
7. increased sensitivity to active substance or pentoxifyilline analogs;
8. cholesterol deposition on the walls of arteries with severe narrowing;
9. age up to 18 years.

Application of drug

Features of the drug and how much drinking pentoxifillin:

1. Dragee must be taken in a special way. A large amount of water is required to drink 0.2 gr. 3 times a day. When the patient feels an improvement, the dosage should be reduced to 0.1 grams. This happens by about 1-2 weeks after the start of therapy. In general, treatment time lasts from 14 to 24 days. Tablets are accepted inside, and it is important not to disturb the integrity of the shell. As for long-term tablets, they must be taken in the dosage of 1.2 gr. It is permissible to divide into 3 receptions.
2. Pentoxifillain in droppers is prescribed in the case of sharp circulatory disorders in the brain or peripherals. The drug ampoule is administered intravenously with the help of an isotonic solution NaCl (250-500 ml) or 5% C6H12O6. Under the dropper should be within 90-150 minutes. The doctor may allow a daily dose to 2-3 ampoules.
3. 0.1 g of the drug is injected into the artery in an isotonic solution of NaCl (20-50 ml), then 0.2-0.3 g (and the dose of the solvent grows by 10 ml).
4. In the classic version of the instructions, as accompanied by the analogs of the drug, the special case is referred. It is forbidden to introduce a medicine into a cervical steam artery if atherosclerotic plaques are observed in brain vessels.
5. In the case of the death of renal tissues, the instruction on the use of pentoxifyilline analogs says that only half of the ordinary dose must be prescribed to the patient.

How to handle ampoules:

• Touch the ampoule for the neck and intensively shake several times.
• Squeeze the ampoule with your hand, make sure that the fluid does not appear. Circular movements rotate the valve before disconnecting it.
• Enter into the hole on the neck of the ampoule syringe.
• Type the contents in the syringe, turning the vessel with the liquid.

In the instructions you can find more detailed information about the use of ampoules.

Side effects

Unfortunately, the use of pentoxifyillin often leads to side reactions of the body. Frequency determination method:

1. often (≥1 / 100 to<1/10);
2. not so often (≥1 / 1000 to<1/100);
3. rarely (≥1 / 10,000 to<1/1000);
4. rarely (<1/10000).

With frequent use of pentoxyfallin for vessels, an increase in blood flow to face is characterized. Also, the patient has diarrhea, vomiting and bloating.

Overdose

Pentoxifyilline overdose such manifestations are characteristic:

1. The heartbeat begins to be high.
2. Blood pressure decreases.
3. The man feels weakness and dizziness, the sleep is broken, the convulsions of a tonic-clonic nature appear, the body overheats. Gastrointestinal bleeding is possible.

Interaction with other drugs

• Pentoxifillain affects the activity of antibiotic type preparations (cefootan, cefamandol, valproic acid). Direct and indirect anticoagulants also experience an increase in activity under the influence of pentoxify.
• Hypoglycemic medicines, insulin, hypotensive drugs show an increase in efficiency in co-action with pentoxifyillin.
• Side effects arise more often due to the growth of the concentration of the substance in the plasma due to the activity of the ingredients.



The choice of analogue depends on the doctor's appointments. Judging by the reviews, all drugs improve blood circulation and saturate with oxygen fabric.


Pentoxifillin -a means of improving microcirculation, angioprotector. The mechanism of action is due to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase and accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphoric acid with a decrease in the concentration of intracellular calcium in the smooth muscles of vessels and in uniform elements of the blood. It slows down the aggregation of platelets and erythrocytes, increases their elasticity, reduces the level of fibrinogen in plasma and enhances fibrinolysis, reducing blood viscosity and improving its rheological properties. It has a weak myotropic vasodilating effect, slightly reduces the total peripheral resistance of the vessels and has a moderate positive inotropic effect. Slightly expands coronary vessels. It helps to improve the supply of tissues with oxygen, to the greatest extent in the limbs and in the central nervous system. In case of occlusion of the affected peripheral arteries (intermittent chromotype) leads to the elongation of walking distance, eliminating the night cramps of the calf muscles and pain alone.

Pharmacokinetics
Quickly and completely absorbed. By binding to the erythrocyte membranes, the biotransformation is subjected to first in red blood cells, then in the liver to form two main metabolites: 1-5-hydroxygexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine and 1-3-carboxypropyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine. It is removed mainly by the kidneys, a minor part (4%) - through the intestines, can be released through breast milk.

Indications for use

Cerebrovascular pathology, in particular atherosclerosis of the brain vessels, the state after the myocardial infarction; Diabetic nephrowgiopathy and other diabetic angiopathy, impaired peripheral blood circulation (Reino disease, endarteritis, etc.); Vascular eye pathology (acute and chronic lapse blood supply deficiency and vascular shell). Functional impairment of hearing of vascular genesis.

Mode of application

Prescribed inside intravenously and intraarterially. Inside are taken, starting with 0.2 g (2 dragee) 3 times a day after eating, not chewing. After the onset of the therapeutic effect (usually after 1-2 weeks), the dose is reduced to 0.1 g (1 dragee) 3 times a day. Course of treatment 2-3 weeks. and more.
If necessary (acute violations of peripheral or cerebral circulation / ischemic stroke /) are administered intravenously or intraarterially. Intravenously introduced 0.1 g (1 ampoule) in 250-500 ml of isotonic sodium solution chloride or a 5% glucose solution for 90-180 minutes. The daily dose may be further increased to 0.2-0.3 g. Internally injected at the beginning of 0.1 g of the drug in 20-50 ml of isotonic sodium sodium solution, in the following days - 0.2-0.3 g (in 30-50 ml of solvent). Impaid at a rate of 0.1 g (5 ml of 2% of the drug solution) for 10 minutes.

Side effects

Headache, dizziness, nervousness, drowsiness or insomnia. Tachycardia, attacks of angina, arrhythmia, hypotension. Nausea, vomiting, gastralgia, intestinal atony, exacerbation of cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis, increase the concentration of hepatic enzymes in the blood, the change in body weight, swelling, dyspeptic phenomena. Leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoofibrinogenemia, bleeding. Skin hyperemia, rarely - rash, itching, urticaria.
In intravenous and intraarterial administration - decrease in blood pressure.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to methylxanthine derivatives, acute myocardial infarction, abundant bleeding, pronounced atherosclerosis of coronary and brain vessels (contraindicated intra-director introduction), hemorrhagic stroke, hemorrhage into the retina, pregnancy, breastfeeding, children's age up to 12 years.

Pregnancy

The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Interaction with other medicines

Enhances the effect of hypotensive and antidiabetic drugs (dose of the drug should be reduced). With co-use with sympatholithic, gangliplockers, vasodilators there is a decrease in blood pressure; with ketoloic, meloxicamom - increasing prothrombin time with risk of bleeding; With heparin, fibrinolytic drugs and anticoagulants of indirect action - enhancing an antoslude action. Cimetidine significantly increases concentration Pentoxifillinin the blood with an increase in the likelihood of the development of side effects.

Overdose

Symptoms: reduction of blood pressure, hyperemia of skin, hypotension, drowsiness, assets, convulsions, violation of consciousness, signs of gastrointestinal bleeding (color vomiting "coffee grounds"), fever.
Treatment: general resuscitation measures to restore cardiovascular activities (including the normalization of blood pressure) and respiratory function; Application of diazepam with convulsive syndrome. No specific antidote.

Form release

Pills. Sheath-covered tablets. Dragee. Retard tablets. Solution for injection / infusion.

Storage conditions

List B. in a dark place.
Conditions of vacation from pharmacies - by recipe.

Synonyms

Trental, Agapurin, Oxpartentfillin, Raloflex, Terental, Tartental, Pentilin, Arbiflex, Acepentate 400, Vazopen, Darutlian, Pentamon, Pentoekhsal 600, Pentomer, Flexital

Structure

International and Chemical Names: PentoxifyLine; 3,7-dimethyl-1- (5-oxahexyl) -3,7-dihydro-1N-perin-2,6-dion);
basic Physico-Chemical Properties: Injection Solution - Transparent Colorless or Lightly Yellowished Liquid;
tablets - white crystalline powder soluble in water;
1 ml of solution contains pentoxifillin0.02 g; Auxiliary substances: sodium chloride, water for injection.
1 tablet covered with shell contains 100 mg pentoxifillin.

Additionally

When applied Pentoxifillinparenterally, the patient must be in a horizontal position.
Treatment with the drug should be carried out under blood pressure control. In the arterial hypotension, the dose increases gradually. Patients with pronounced atherosclerosis can not be administered intraarterially. In heart failure, it is necessary to introduce heart glycosides. Before administration Pentoxifillinit is necessary to achieve blood circulation compensation. In patients with diabetes taking hypoglycemic drugs, the purpose of large doses Pentoxifillinmay cause hypoglycemia (dose adjustment is required). When appointing with anticoagulants, it is necessary to monitor the indicators of the coagulating blood system.
Patients who have had recently surgery must systematically monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit.
With caution, apply the drug to patients with peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum (risk of bleeding). In senior patients and patients with liver diseases, kidney dose Pentoxifillindecreases. With clearance of creatinine less than 10 ml / min, 50-70% of the dose are prescribed.

Main settings

Name:	Pentoxifilla
ATH code:	C04AD03. -

What can be replaced with Pentoxifillain drug? The analogue of this drug will be presented in the article materials. From it, you will learn about what the mentioned medication is intended, in which forms it goes on sale, how to use it and so on.

Composition, shape, packaging

What form is sold to the "Pentoxifillain" medicinal? Instructions for use (Analogs of this drug can be found in any pharmacy) indicates that this medication is available in different forms, namely:

• In tablets (400 and 100 mg), which are covered with a pink shell. One cardboard package may contain 60 or 20 pieces.
• In dragee (400 and 100 mg). In one pack of cardboard there may be 60 or 20 pieces.
• In the tablets of prolonged action (600 and 400 mg), which are covered with an intestinal-soluble shell and have a division line. Packing from cardboard usually contains 50 pieces.
• In ampoules with a solution for injections. The composition of this drug includes pentoxifillain, as well as sodium chloride and water.

Pharmacological features

What properties is Pentoxifillain? The analogue of this means has the same features as mentioned medication itself. It is referred to as a new pharmacological group of hemorological means. It is able to restore the plasticity of erythrocytes and reduce their deformation. It increases the permeability of the vessels that have a narrow lumen.

Such properties of the drug lead to an improvement in microcirculation, positively affecting the tissue in hypoxia.

How does Pentoxifillain act? The imported and Russian analogues provide the same therapeutic effect as the means under consideration. After using the drug, it reduces the aggregation of erythrocytes, which subsequently easily increase the blood supply to organs and penetrate into the out-of-date channel.

It is impossible not to say that the medication under consideration reduces blood viscosity, thereby contributes to platelet disaggregation. As a result of such an effects of the drug, the minute and impact volumes of blood increase, but the indicators of the heart rate are not changed.



Thus, the expansion of the lung vessels improves the filling of 2 blood, and the expansion of the coronary arteries increase the delivery of 2 to myocardium.

The preparation in question is able to increase the tone of the diaphragm and respiratory muscles. Under its impact, the amount of blood increases, which flows through collaterals, and also increases blood circulation.

What other features are the Pentoxifillain medication? The analogue of this medication and the drug itself increase the concentration of ATP in the brain, and also improve blood supply in disturbed areas (for example, with ischemic stroke).

It should also be noted that the mentioned medication positively affects the CNS and its work. With the damage to the peripheral arteries, the use of this agent leads to an increase in distance during walking, including such a disease as requested endarterite.

Pharmacokinetic indicators

How long is the drug "Pentoxifyllin" is absorbed? Instructions for use (Analogues of this medication are listed below) informs us that this medication has an excellent penetrating ability, including through the hemoencephalical barrier.

The half-life of the drug during intravenous administration is 30 minutes. When taking medication inside it is completely adsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.



Transformed medicine in the liver, where it forms dimethylksanthin metabolites. In the blood, the maximum concentration of the drug is achieved within 4 hours after use. At the same time, it remains at the therapeutic level for about a day.

The drug is excreted mainly by kidneys (about 95%). Through the intestine, the medication is incorrect.

Representatives of weak gender, which feed the child with breasts, the drug can stand out with milk. It should also be noted that the elimination of this medicine is slowed down in patients with severe kidney diseases, liver and elderly people.

Indications for use

In which kind of patient may be appointed Pentoxifillain medication? Analogs and substitutes of the drug have the same indications for use.

Currently, such an effective drug is used to treat many diseases. List them right now:




Contraindications for use

Under what diseases it is forbidden to use Pentoxifillain? The analogue of this medication and the drug itself cannot be taken to people with the intolerance to the main components, as well as other representatives of the Ksanthin group.

In addition, the preparation under consideration is contraindicated in patients who recently moved or acute myocardial infarction, as well as suffering from expressed atherosclerosis of the heart and arteries of the brain, porphyria.



Use medicine intravenously is prohibited in arrhythmia, bleeding, low blood pressure, hemorrhages in the retina. Also, the medicine is contraindicated with lactation and tooling the fetus, children under 18 years old.

With extreme caution, this agent is prescribed to the operated people (in order to prevent bleeding of mucous membranes and internal organs), as well as patients with severe diseases of the kidney and liver, with ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal organs, gastritis and heart failure.

Methods of application

How do pentoxifillin drug use? Instructions for use, reviews (Analogues of this tool may have other dosages) experienced doctors say that this medication is taken inward and parenterally (depends on the severity of the disease).

Oral intake of the drug start with a dose of 200 mg (i.e. 2 tablets three times a day, after eating). After reaching the therapeutic effect, the specified amount is reduced by half. The course of treatment with pills should last no more than a month.

With severe and acute diseases of the internal organs, the medication is appointed in ampoules. There are 2 methods for administering medication: intravenous and intraarterial. The first procedure is carried out through a dropper. To do this, use 1 ampoule to 250 ml or sodium chloride. The specified dosage is introduced within 2 hours.

As for intraartaulic administration of the drug, it is prescribed at a dose of 0.1 g per 50 ml of sodium chloride solution.



Side effects

Among the most common side effects, the following can be distinguished:

• dizziness, anxiety, sleep disorders, cramps, mood change, headache;
• the exacerbation of cholecystitis, an increase in the activity of liver transamamine, development of cholestatic hepatitis;
• vomiting, feeling of overflow in the stomach, nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite;
• urticaria, anaphylactic shock, itching, redness of the skin of the face;
• the emergence of arrhythmia, pain in the heart, decreased blood pressure, angina pain;
• thrombocytopenia, leukopenia;
• accommodation, visual impairment;
• aggravation of bronchial asthma, bronchospasm, respiratory failure;
• bleeding of different etiology.

Pentoxifillain drug: analogues Price

The analogues of the drug under consideration are the following drugs:

• dragee "Agapurin" (100 mg), as well as a solution for injections in ampoules (100 mg);
• tablets "Vazonit", coated with a shell (600 mg);
• dragee, tablets and a solution for "Trental" injection.

It should be especially noted that "Trental" is an original drug. It is prescribed to patients with encephalopathy of different origin.

As for the price, all listed drugs it is different. The analogue of "Trental" "Pentoxifillain" can be purchased for 120 rubles, the original drug - for 520 rubles, "Agapurin" - for 300 rubles, and "Vazonit" - for 400 rubles.