Fasteners for truss. How to fix the rafters to the wall - options and methods from practice

The basis of any roof, on which its reliability and strength depends, is the truss frame. The durability and efficiency of the roof will depend on how well all its structural elements are connected. In the article below, we will consider what are the fastenings of the roof truss system, and in what cases they are used.

Scheme of the truss system

When creating a frame structure, you should always remember that during operation it will be subjected to wind, snow and temperature loads. But it must also hold on itself the crate and the roofing cake, which have a significant mass. Therefore, it is important to correctly determine which fasteners for the roof are needed in a particular case.

The design of the truss frame includes the following details:

• mauerlat beam;
• rafters;
• skate;
• runs;
• valleys;
• lathing slats.

It is noteworthy that during the assembly process, frame structures are used both wooden and metal fasteners. Each of them will be relevant in one way or another. To figure out when and what kind of fastening should be used, consider the main nodes that make up the truss system.

Nodal connections of the roof frame

The main key element of the entire frame is the Mauerlat. It is made of a thick beam with a section of 15 × 15 cm and is laid parallel to the ridge on the axes of the walls. Subsequently, the rafter legs will rest on it. The main task of the mauerlat is to redistribute the mass of wooden structures (rafter legs and battens), roofing cake and finish coating on the load-bearing walls and foundation of the main building. In addition, it will bear the main load from wind and precipitation. In this regard, the fastening of the Mauerlat to the bearing walls should be as strong as possible.

There are 2 ways to fix the Mauerlat on the walls:

1. A reinforcing belt is poured along the perimeter of a large area building in the upper part of the walls. Metal studs with M12 thread are installed in it every 2 meters. Subsequently, the Mauerlat will be mounted on these studs, and tightened with washers and nuts. If the house is small, then the Mauerlat beam can not be laid at all. The rafter legs will be attached directly to the studs embedded in the wall.
2. A sufficiently reliable connection can be obtained if steel wire is used. The middle of the wire is brought under the bricks 3 rows before the end of the masonry. The length of the wire should be enough to firmly pull the Mauerlat to the wall. As in the first case, in this way it is possible to fix the rafters without laying the Mauerlat beam. However, this will create a point load on the walls, which can adversely affect their integrity.

The scheme for attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat beam can be sliding and rigid. In this case, everything will depend on the type of truss structure (hanging or layered), as well as the shape of the roof.

Docking rafters with Mauerlat - fasteners with plates, corners

The key elements when joining the rafters with the Mauerlat are made of wood, and can be as follows:

1. Emphasis directly on the Mauerlat.
2. Tooth with stop and spike.
3. Tooth only with an emphasis.

A single tooth for cutting is performed when arranging a roof with steep slopes (more than 35º). Then a nest is cut out in the Mauerlat, and a tooth and a spike in the rafter, which will prevent the horizontal displacement of the leg. If the slope of the roof is more gentle, then a double tooth is cut out for cutting, however, this is done very rarely.

To facilitate work, in recent years, rafters have been increasingly fastened with metal corners, which also significantly speeds up the process. In addition, bolts, brackets, plates, clamps and loops can be used.

Often, the rafters are fastened in a rigid way, hammering nails into the Mauerlat at an angle on both sides. In this case, the nails cross inside the beam. To finally fix the element, a third nail is driven in the center. For rigid fixation of the rafter leg and preventing its shifts in the horizontal plane, metal corners for the roof are used, which are fixed on the sides.

When building a house from timber or logs, the floating fastening method is used. This is necessary so that during the shrinkage of a wooden building, the frame shifts slightly and does not damage the load-bearing walls. Therefore, special corners are used to attach the rafters, which can provide mobility. In them, one of the elements is fixed rigidly, and the second can be slightly displaced.

Ridge knot - fastening connections

In the upper part, the rafters can be joined either on a ridge beam, end-to-end or with an overlap.

Butt installation assumes that the ends of the rafters are cut at an angle that matches the slope of the roof. On the opposite element, exactly the same cut is performed, but in the opposite direction. At the docking point, a long nail is hammered into the rafters, which must pass through both beams. Additionally, plates for the truss system are used, which give the joint greater strength. It can be both wooden and metal lining. The perforated rafter plate is fixed with bolts or nails.

When overlapped, the rafters will touch with their side ribs. The principle of fastening will remain similar to the first option. If the correct legs rest against the ridge run, bolts or threaded studs with washers are used to secure them.

In some cases, the truss frame is assembled from solid trusses, providing maximum structural rigidity. At the same time, in order for the roof to withstand the increased wind load, it will be necessary to install a sufficient number of diagonal elements. The braces and rafter legs, which are part of the frame structure, just ensure the stability of the pediment. When installing the brace, its lower part rests on the ceiling, and the upper part joins with the corner of the pediment. As for the strut, its main task is to minimize the load on central part rafters. Install the brace at an angle of 45º. To fix it, fixing angles for rafters, as well as plates or clamps, can be used.

Types of metal fasteners and their characteristics

In the old days, builders used all kinds of wooden fasteners to assemble the roof frame - wedges, dowels, bars and wooden pins, overlays, brackets. However, at present, during construction, preference is still given to metal fasteners. On the building materials market, you can pick up a wide variety of mounting brackets for rafters, as well as other details that will greatly speed up the process of mounting the frame, and also make it much more convenient.

For the production of fasteners, metal with a thickness of 1.5-3 mm is usually used, which gives the products sufficient strength and favorably distinguishes it from other materials. You can find consumables of various sizes for any purpose.

Among the varieties of the holder of the rafters are the following devices:

• perforated mounting tape;
• support for beams;
• plates and pads;
• supports for timber;
• mounts LK;
• corners KP;
• brackets WB;
• self-tapping screws;
• rafter bracket;
• bolts with nuts;
• knitting wire.

It is worth noting that the purchase of perforated fasteners guarantees you the reliability of fixing any truss elements, no matter what slope they are, and also ensures the rigidity of the entire structure as a whole. Such fasteners are equipped with special holes for tightening self-tapping screws, screws and bolts, through which the wooden elements are fixed to each other. Moreover, such products can be cut to the desired size.

Fasteners can also be fixed with nails. But they are used only in industrial production, when it is possible to bend the conical part of the fastener. For such work, equipment is used that performs this procedure under pressure.

Corner pieces KP are manufactured in in large numbers modifications. They allow minimizing the possibility of stripping the threads on the bolts and deformation of the joints during the natural shrinkage of the frame. Such parts can be fixed on nails or screws with your own hands, no special machines are required.

It is possible to fix the carrier beam during the assembly of the floors of a wooden house from a bar or rounded logs using WB brackets. In this case, it will not be necessary to make a tie-in on the rafter leg, while its bearing capacity is not reduced. Anchors, screws and nails are used to fix the fastener.

In order to connect the beams to the rafters in the under-rafter system, the LK mount is intended. In terms of characteristics, it practically does not differ from WB brackets, however, it can only be fixed with nails or self-tapping screws. They are widely used during the construction of log cabins.

Summing up, we note that fasteners are an integral part of the construction of any frame structure, including the roof of a log house. The stability of the entire structure and the service life of the roofing and the cake depend on the quality of such consumables. In this regard, we recommend that you carefully consider the process of choosing fasteners for rafters in order to avoid many problems in the future.

The construction of a roof of any type begins with the design of the location of the rafter system, on the basis of which the volumes of lumber, the number and type of fasteners, insulation, roofing material, etc. are then calculated. Roofs are of different types - single-pitched, double-pitched, four-pitched, which are divided into tent and hip and mixed types. The fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat and the methods of their installation depend on this.

The device of the truss system.

Roof truss systems are very different and appearance, and by the number of materials, and by the complexity of calculations.

Rafters - roof support beams made of logs or timber, resting at the bottom on walls or Mauerlats, and at the top connected to each other at an angle. In most cases, the shape and type of roofing is dictated by climatic conditions and the taste of the customer.

Design of rafter fasteners

To design a truss system, it is necessary to correctly calculate the wind and snow loads, i.e. optimal weight of the roofing system as a whole. Based on these calculations, the material and thickness of the bearing walls are designed. Mistakes made in assessing loads and other shortcomings can cause deformation of the entire structure with a violation of the integrity of the coating and even collapse of the roof. When designing, the following factors should be taken into account:

Calculation of the load on the rafters.

• type and shape of the roof;
• the presence of internal supports and their location;
• type and weight of roofing material;
• roof slope and angle of inclination;
• truss system and its design;
• dimensions (length) of the overlapped space;
• cross-section of a beam for rafters.

Mounting the truss system: types and features

• with the help of studs, while the rafters are attached end-to-end with two reinforcing plates made of metal or waterproof plywood;
• with the help of nails or special staples, this inexpensive and reliable method is used when attaching rafter legs;
• using nail plates or strips, which are made of galvanized steel and have one or more rows (depending on the size) of stamped teeth up to 8mm high, when used, a very strong connection is obtained.

Depending on the location of the bearing walls, the rafter legs are divided into layered and hanging.

Types of roof truss systems.

The former are installed in houses with shed or gable roofs, where there is a middle or central load-bearing wall. They can be made of boards or short wooden beams, in which two or three rigid points of support are provided in the design: a ridge and load-bearing walls. The ridge beam in this design is reinforced with racks that rest against the beds. If the length of the future rafters is more than 6-6.5 meters, then it is necessary to lay additional supporting structures, main walls or columnar supports. With one additional support, the width of the overlapped room will increase to 12 meters, and with two supports - up to 16 meters. Also, to give additional rigidity to the roof structure, additional supports are used: struts, girders and crossbars. In addition, it is with a floor length of more than 6-7 meters that it is advisable to use metal beams and a truss.

According to the type of loads, a reliable fastening of the necessary rafters to the Mauerlat and the ridge is chosen; for layered rafters, expansion and non-expansion methods are used.

With a non-expansion design of the rafter legs, there is no bursting pressure between the walls and the supports of the structure. When installing a spacer structure, only rigid fastenings (without the use of sliders) along the gable are used. The walls and supports of the building take the force of the rafter legs. We attach the rafters in the spacer structure to the Mauerlat, due to the presence of a “tooth” - a support bar. By design, the top of the installed rafter rests on the top of the opposite.

The fastening of the rafters to the necessary Mauerlat in such structures is mounted to the brick wall of the building. This may be a rigid frame in which the support elements of the fastening are interconnected by means of an oblique notch and secured with nails, screws or bolts. In the corners of the frame, corners are installed as fasteners. The frame itself must be fixed to the walls using anchor joints or staples that are driven into wooden plugs. This design is used in the construction of the roof of small houses, and if the building is large, then the Mauerlats are placed in specially arranged reinforced concrete gutters with anchors along the pediment. The roof gutter in this design carries the main load and is used for buildings made of gas silicate blocks, foam concrete, cinder blocks and other fairly light materials.

Methods for connecting a power plate with a rafter leg.

Methods for attaching rafters to the Mauerlat:

1. Mauerlat serves as a support for the rafter legs. The upper end must be fixed to the ridge run with the rafters attached to the wall, while using the principle of a sliding support.
2. The lower end of the rafter and its legs is attached to the mauerlat or piece bars with the help of a slider, the rafters are connected from above with nails or bolts.
3. The rafters and the run of the ridge are rigidly fastened into knots, called ridge ones, with the help of wooden bars, which are fastened with nails parallel to the ridge or bar on both sides.

Let us now consider how to fix the rafters to the Mauerlat with a non-expansion roof structure correctly.

1. It is correct to fasten with the help of “sliders”, while the lower part of the rafter is devoid of any auxiliary stops, and the elements of the upper part rest against each other and can be connected to each other thanks to special linings. With this method of fastening, the second end of the rafter and its legs, resting on the ridge run, can also have both a small degree of rotation and a hard pinch.
2. It is necessary to fix it by rigidly pinching the lower end of the rafters with a Mauerlat, using a support bar or washed down, while the upper ends rest on the run to the ridge with a horizontal cut or are fastened with the help of “sliders” and have a slight possibility of vertical rotation at the junction.

hanging rafters

The term itself suggests that the lower end of the rafters extends beyond the roof, as if hanging over. This type is used in the case when the building does not have internal supports in the form of walls or pillars and the truss system rests with all its weight on the outer walls. The most common roof option for this type is a symmetrical triangular truss. Structurally, it consists of hanging rafters, the length of which can reach up to 7-12 meters, stretch marks from a horizontal beam and rafter legs installed with a certain slope. With the help of puffs, the rafter legs rest on the power plates with their lower ends. Here, a saw is used to fasten the upper ends of the rafters to the ridge. It is advisable to strengthen this design with a special screed - a crossbar.

Types of hanging rafters.

There are two more less common methods: reinforcement from floor beams and for buildings made of timber and logs - fastening to the top of the rafters and walls to the Mauerlat.

Let's take a closer look at the most critical assemblies of truss systems - fastening the rafters to the main Mauerlat. This construction process has its own characteristics that must be taken into account in order to avoid defects. The fastening of rafters to beams is no exception.

Beam rafters

For a reliable connection of the rafters with the beam, in order to prevent slipping of the rafter legs during installation, it is correct to use three main methods of fastening:

• "tooth" with technological detail "thorn";
• "tooth" with an emphasis;
• emphasis on the lower end of the floor beam.

Scheme of layered rafters.

Fastening the rafters to the beams consists of several points:

• in the heel of the rafters, a “tooth with a spike” fastener is cut out, at the same time, an emphasis with a socket for a spike is cut through in the roof beam;
• the socket for the spike should have a depth of 1/4 or 1/3 of the thickness of the beam; when cutting to a greater depth (washed down), the strength of the beam weakens;
• the place for cutting the nest should not be less than 25-40 cm from the hanging edge of the beam, otherwise its end may split under the pressure of the rafters;
• a spike cut on the "tooth" prevents the rafters from moving sideways.

The fastening of the rafters to the beams with two "teeth" is carried out similarly to installation with one "tooth"; use such reinforced connections in those places where it is necessary to increase the supporting area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe rafters. Further, the entire floor assembly must be strengthened to an anchor or crutch embedded in the wall.

Methods for attaching rafters to the Mauerlat

All known methods can be divided into two types: rigid fastening and sliding fastening. The type of fastening is chosen based on the shape and design of the roof and on the type of rafters used - layered or hanging. With a rigid connection, the possibility of turns, shifts, torsion, bends between elements is excluded. Fastening the rafters to the wooden Mauerlat is correctly done in the following ways:

• with the help of corners with a supporting hemmed overlap beam;
• with the implementation of the saddle (washed down) on the rafter leg using nails, staples or wire.

The sliding or hinged fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat, as well as the sliding connection of the rafters with beams, has two degrees of freedom. This is achieved by using a special floor fastener, which makes it possible to move one of the assembly elements within the specified limits. In this case, the rafter leg acts as a moved element in relation to the fixed Mauerlat.

All of these methods allow the elements in a node to move between themselves. Most often, these types of fastenings are recommended for wooden houses made of timber and logs. The sliding joint is resistant to building shrinkage, and the entire floor structure gently adjusts to changes in shrinkage.

Great attention is paid to fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat. After all, each connecting node must be made reliably and with high quality, washed down must be cut down exactly according to the stencil with a snug fit. In any connections, the use of substrates, gaskets and other deformable and lost elements is not allowed.

Fastening rafters: methods and technology

The fastening of rafters is the main stage in the construction of any type of roof. Correct calculations and careful design will save the design from defects.

Fastening rafters: basic methods

Attaching the rafters to the wall can be done in several ways:

• with the help of a Mauerlat;
• with a puff and rafter bars;
• through floor beams;
• connection with the upper crown of log walls;
• using the strapping of a frame-type house.

There are two types of rafters - hanging rafters and layered. We will consider the types of hanging rafters, since they are usually used in the construction of houses with a large roof area.

Ways of fastening rafters

Hanging rafters have only one reference point - the wall, and this leads to the formation of expansion horizontal pressures in the entire rafter system.

Before attaching the rafters to the wall, it should be learned that in this case, to extinguish the expansion forces, a puff is used, which is a board or beam, through which the opposite rafter legs are connected together with a rigid connection of the tops of the rafters.

As a result, a non-thrust triangle is formed, which is connected to the wall of the building.

Sometimes, as an alternative to tightening, floor beams can be used, laid perpendicular to the walls in the same plane with the rafters. As a rule, such fastening of rafters to beams is used in the construction of light attics.

It should be noted that, regardless of the mass of the roof, it is better to connect the rafters to the beams with full confidence in the reliability of the walls of the house, since the load on the walls of the building created by the rafters will be point-like and will not be able to be distributed evenly, similar to the case with fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat.

Floor beams for light roofs are chosen not thick, usually with a section of 5 * 15 cm.

Advice! To create a roof overhang, the beam must be chosen so long that its ends can be taken out of the walls for a distance of at least 55 cm on each side.

The rafter leg is also extended beyond the wall and attached to the edge of the beam.

How are rafters attached to beams?

If the rafter leg is simply attached to the beam, and then pressure is applied to the rafter, then its end will slide along the beam, and this can lead to the destruction of the roof.

Therefore, to stop sliding and securely fasten the rafters, the following types of connections are used:

The connection is made using one or two teeth, depending on the angle of inclination of the rafter leg. Such fastening of the rafters to the beam ensures that the load is transferred from one element of the rafter roof directly to the other element.

For fastening, in addition to this type of connection, metal corners for rafters are used.

Fastening by a notch with a single tooth is carried out according to the following rules:

• used this species rafter-to-beam connections when the roof is steep enough, i.e. when the angle between the beam and the rafter is more than 35 degrees.

Attachment of rafters to the beam

If the roof is hollow with an angle of inclination of less than 35 degrees, the rafter legs are mounted in such a way as to expand the friction area with the overlapping beam, that is, to increase the bearing area of ​​the rafters on the beam.

For this, a cut is made with two teeth in various combinations:

• in two spikes;
• emphasis with a spike and without a spike;
• in a castle with two spikes

The first case involves cutting a spike with an emphasis under one tooth and an emphasis under the second. At the same time, an eye is cut out in the rafter leg for a spike with an emphasis on the first tooth, and in addition to it, an emphasis on the second tooth.

The depth of insertion of the teeth, as a rule, is the same, the same depth. When making cuts of different depths, the first tooth with a spike is cut by 1/3, and the second - by 1/2 of the total thickness of the beam.

In rare cases, such a very uncommon method of attaching rafters to a beam is used - like attaching to the end of a puff.

In this case, a stop tooth is cut out in the leg of the rafter in such a way that one of the tooth planes lies on the very edge of the beam plane, and the second rests on the cut made in the beam. Washed down is made with a depth of 1/3 of the entire thickness of the beam, while the stop tooth is cut as far as possible relative to the edge.

Advice! To increase the reliability of connecting the beams to the rafters, they are additionally fastened using a rafter bolt or clamps, after which the entire assembly is attached to the wall of the building with iron strips or wire loops - a walled anchor bolt or crutch.

All types of connections in the design of the truss system are performed using metal products or wooden elements, called truss fasteners.

• wooden products - bars, triangular overlays (kerchiefs) - plug-in or overhead to create a plate, spike, dowel;
• metal products - screws, nails, sets of bolts with washers and nuts, clamps, brackets, hinges, linings, various metal corners for fastening rafters, mechanisms for fastening rafters (sleds or sliders), toothed plates, anchors, nail plates, perforated tapes and others.

How to attach rafters to Mauerlat

Fasteners for the truss system in the form of a steel corner

There are two methods for attaching rafters to the Mauerlat:

The type of interface is chosen depending on the design and shape of the roof and, accordingly, on the specific type of rafters used - hanging or layered.

The main principle of the rigid method of connecting rafters with Mauerlat is the complete elimination of the possibility of any influences (shifts, turns, bending, torsion) between both structural elements.

This result can be achieved in the following ways:

• fastening with the help of corners with a supporting hemming beam;
• by making a saddle (washed down) on the rafter leg, followed by fixing the resulting joint with staples, nails and wire.

The first case involves the creation of a support for the rafter legs on the Mauerlat using a support beam.

At the same time, the rafter rests rigidly along the pressure line, which is possible due to the hemmed beam up to one meter in size, after which a metal corner for the rafters is fixed on the sides in order to exclude transverse displacement.

The second method of attaching the rafter legs to the Mauerlat is used more often, and involves nailing from the sides, at an angle towards each other (there is a crossing inside the Mauerlat), and then in vertical position hammer the third nail.

As a result, the attachment points of the rafters achieve high rigidity.

In addition, each of the types of pairing is insured by additional connection of the rafter legs with the wall of the building using anchors and wire rod.

Rafters of the same type, that is, having the same slope angle over the entire roof area, are prepared using a template in a uniform way.

Sliding fastening of rafters is performed using similar fasteners

Hinged or sliding pairing with two levels of freedom is achieved by using special fasteners that provide the possibility of free movement (within specified limits) of one of the mating elements.

In our case, this element is the rafter leg in relation to the Mauerlat. There are the following options for attaching rafters to the Mauerlat with the possibility of shifts:

• Execution washed down with subsequent laying of the rafters washed down on the Mauerlat:
• connection from the sides with two nails obliquely towards each other;
• connection with a single nail, nailed from above in a vertical position from top to bottom through the rafter leg into the body of the Mauerlat;
• as an alternative to nails - steel plates for attaching rafters with holes for nails;
• fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat with a bracket.
• The release of the rafter leg behind the wall with the implementation of a single fastening with mounting plates.
• Fastening with the help of special steel fasteners for rafters - the so-called "sled".

All of these methods allow the rafter leg to rest against the Mauerlat, however, when moving, the system has the ability to move relative to each other.

A sliding type pairing can often be found in the construction of houses. Especially such a technique for connecting rafters and Mauerlat is relevant for wooden houses built from timber or logs.

The gradual shrinkage of the walls of the building leads to a distortion of the original geometry of the house, and this, when using rigid mates, can lead to a violation of the integrity of the walls.

Thanks to sliding joints, log walls, gables, as well as the rest of the roof structure, can gradually adapt to shrinkage.

The assembly of the entire structure is carried out first on the ground. All measurements are taken, tie-ins are cut in the rafter legs and Mauerlat, after which they are carefully adjusted.

Fastening rafters, rafter legs, systems to the wall: sliding knot, corners, plates, bolt, options for how to fix

432) Fastening rafters, rafter legs, systems - everything about this in detail in our article. We use a sliding knot, corners, plates, a bolt - in general, everything

Fastening rafters: we consider methods

Exist various ways fastening rafters during the construction of the roof frame. The choice, first of all, depends on the features of the project of the truss system. It is important that the attachment points have high strength and withstand the operational loads typical for the climate of the region.

truss fasteners

To ensure a reliable connection of the parts of the truss system, special fasteners are used. Rafter fasteners are called wooden and metal products that are used in the installation of nodes of the truss system. These include wooden elements:

• bars;
• kerchiefs (triangular overlays);
• pin;
• spikes.

• nails;
• screws;
• bolts complete with washers and nuts;
• staples;
• clamps;
• overlays;
• loops;
• sliders / sleds;
• anchors;
• toothed plates;
• nail plates;
• corners;
• perforated tapes, etc.

The choice of truss fasteners depends on the requirements for the strength of structural units, design loads and roof configuration.

Fastening the lower part of the rafter leg

The lower part of the rafter legs rests on the wall. Linking rafters to walls can be done in various ways.:

• through Mauerlat;
• using rafter bars and puffs;
• through floor beams;
• using the strapping of a frame-type structure;
• connection with logs of the upper crown of wooden walls.

When installing hanging rafters, it is important to take into account that the rafter legs, rigidly connected at the top, exert horizontal expansion pressure on the walls. To extinguish the spacer forces, the oncoming rafters are connected by a puff made of a board or timber. Thus, a non-thrust triangle is connected to the wall of the building.

An alternative to tightening can be floor beams that are laid perpendicular to the walls. This design without Mauerlat is used for the construction of light attics, provided that the walls are able to withstand point loads. For example, fastening rafters to a brick wall necessarily requires the installation of a Mauerlat, since a point load is contraindicated for walls made of piece materials. To create a roof overhang, the beams must extend beyond the plane of the wall by at least 50 cm on each side. The rafter leg, which is attached to the edge of the beam, is also carried out beyond the wall.

To prevent the roof from collapsing under stress, the attached rafter must not be able to slide on the beam, so a secure connection is required.

The main methods of fastening to beams

The following options for attaching rafters are used, both independently and in combination:

• tooth with an emphasis;
• spiked tooth;
• stop at the end of the beam.

The use of one or two teeth is due to the angle of inclination of the rafter. The above methods of fastening allow you to transfer the load from one element of the truss system to another.

A single-tooth cut is used when installing roofs with a slope angle of more than 35 degrees. A tooth with a spike is made in the heel of the rafter, an emphasis is cut out in the beam, in which a socket for the spike is provided. The nest depth should not exceed 1/3 of the beam thickness. The cutting is carried out at a distance of 25-35 cm from the edge of the beam, which extends beyond the plane of the wall of the house. The spike prevents lateral shift of the rafter leg.

For a roof with a smaller angle of inclination of the slopes, the rafter legs are mounted in such a way as to increase the contact area between the rafter and the beam, thereby increasing the supporting area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure. For this purpose, a cut is made into two spikes, into a lock or an emphasis with a spike or without a spike, and other combinations.

In addition to cutting, linking the rafter legs to the beams can be done using a bolted connection or a bolt and a clamp.

Fastening rafters to Mauerlat

Fastening the rafters to the wall is most often carried out using a power plate - a special support structure that allows you to evenly distribute the load from the roof onto the walls and foundation of the structure. Rafters can be mounted to the Mauerlat in two ways - using a rigid or sliding mount.

With a rigid method of fastening, the possibility of any interactions (shifts, bends, turns) between the connected structural elements is completely excluded. This is achieved if:

• corners are used for attaching rafters with a hemmed support beam;
• a saw (saddle) is performed on the rafter leg with further fixing of the connection with brackets, nails and wire.

In the first case, the support of the rafter legs is carried out using a support beam. The rafter leg rests rigidly along the pressure line, and then is fixed with metal fasteners with a metal corner installed on the sides, which prevents lateral displacement.

The second mounting option is used more often. In this case, the rafter attachment assembly involves the use of nails that are driven from the sides at an angle towards each other (crossing occurs inside the Mauerlat), and then the third nail is driven vertically into the lower part of the rafter.

Both types of fastening require additional fixation of the rafter legs with the walls of the building using wire rod and anchors.

Sliding (hinged) pairing of elements allows you to provide the rafters with the possibility of some movement relative to the Mauerlat within the specified limits. Several fastening methods are used. It can be washed down with a rafter leg fastened to a bracket, a vertically hammered nail, or two side nails driven at an angle. Also used are special sliding fasteners for rafters - "sleds".

The sliding joint is mainly used in the construction of wooden houses from logs or timber. In this case, the deformation of the truss system is excluded during the gradual shrinkage of the house. Sliding joints in the attachment points of the rafters to the walls provide a gradual adjustment of the roof structure to a change in the geometry of the structure. The remaining elements of the roof are mounted according to standard technology.

Attachment to the skate

Fastening rafters to the ridge has its own characteristics. The three most common installation methods:

• connection of rafter legs end-to-end;
• mount on the run (ridge beam);
• overlap connection.

Compound upper parts rafter legs butt to each other - a simple and reliable method of installation. The top edge of each rafter should be cut at an angle in accordance with the selected angle of inclination of the slopes. Then the opposite rafters must be connected in places of cut and fastened with two nails from 150 mm. Nails must be driven in at an angle so that the parts that enter the opposite rafter are long enough to ensure tight fasteners.

How to strengthen the rafters connected end-to-end? To do this, it is recommended to use metal or wooden lining. The wooden lining is fastened on both sides of the rafter pair in the connection area with nails, the metal one with bolts.

The connection of the rafters on the run (ridge beam) is similar in execution to the first method. In the same way, the rafter legs are cut in the upper part, but mounted one by one to the horizontal bar.

The overlapping of the rafters implies the connection of the rafter legs not with cut ends, but with overlapping side planes. The connection is made using studs with washers or bolts. Overlapping is the easiest way to install rafter legs.

To facilitate and simplify the installation of the truss system, it is recommended to first make templates. For the template, a board is taken, equal in length to the rafter leg, all the necessary cutouts are made on it. Using a template, rafters are prepared on the ground, then fed to the roof and mounted.

Lathing installation

The reliability of the roof depends to a large extent on the correct execution of the crate. It can be continuous or sparse. The choice of type and pitch of the lathing depends on the roofing material used.

The crate is mounted from a bar or board, usually unedged. The bar is usually attached to the rafter strips (counter-lattice) with one nail at each attachment point. If the crate is made from a board, then the board is attached to each rafter with two nails driven in along the edges.

It is impossible to fasten the boards of the lathing on one nail in the center on each rafter leg, since this method of installation will not protect against twisting and damage to the roofing under high loads.

The length of the material for the crate is usually less than the length of the roof slope. Proper fastening battens to the rafters implies a reliable splicing of boards or timber along the length. The joint should fall on the rafter, while both ends of the spliced ​​elements are fastened with nails.

The joints of the elements of the crate should be offset so that the joints in adjacent rows do not fall on the same rafter.

Before proceeding with the installation of the rafter system, it is recommended to choose the best option for how to fix the rafters.

Fastening rafters: sliding, to the wall, to the ridge and how to fix them

Fastening rafters to a brick wall. Rigid and sliding fastening of rafters to the Mauerlat; the connection of the rafters to each other and on the ridge.

The rafter system is the basis of the entire roof. And on how well it will be designed, how materials and fasteners for it will be correctly selected, its long-term safe operation depends. Therefore, in this article only one question will be considered, how to fix the rafters. In this case, it is necessary to understand the fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat, to each other, to the ridge beam and other elements of the roof structure.

To understand where the rafters usually meet with other parts of the roof, you need to know that there are two different designs of truss systems.

Fasteners

The modern building materials market today offers a wide range of fasteners for connecting rafters to each other and to other roof elements. Not so long ago there was no such diversity. The most commonly used nails, threaded studs and wire. All this worked, there were no complaints. But, as practice has shown, new fasteners for roof systems have higher technical and operational characteristics.

Therefore, a small overview of modern fasteners.

Main types of connections

In various designs of truss systems, there are different ways of installing them, and, accordingly, connecting them. But the main joints are not so many.

Mauerlat connection

It all depends on what lumber the Mauerlat was made of. For example, in a frame and stone house - this is a bar with a section of 100x100 or 200x200 mm. In a wooden house, this is the upper crown in the form of a log, that is, an element with a round section. Therefore, each Mauerlat uses its own fasteners.

For example, the photo below, which shows a rigid mount. It provides a junction between the rafter and the mauerlat, which, under any circumstances, will withstand torsional, turning, sliding and other loads. Usually, for this, a gash is made on the rafter leg, which is called a saddle. Most often, such structures are used when the rafters are fastened to the floor beams and the Mauerlat at the same time.

Note! For reliability, fastening is reinforced with nails, threaded studs, and metal tape. It's actually a strong connection.

And a few more points.

• Three nails are usually used for fastening: two are hammered from different sides of the rafter leg at an angle, the third into the upper end of the rafter exactly vertically.
• It is forbidden to make incisions on the Mauerlat, this reduces the bearing capacity of the element due to the loss of integrity.
• The saddle is made according to the template.

There is a so-called sliding method of fastening. For this, skids are used. The photo below shows very clearly how the fasteners are installed and attached to the rafters and logs. This option, as mentioned above, is used in the construction of wooden houses, which shrink within two or three years. And this can lead to deformation of the roof structure, and sometimes to its collapse. The sliding support for the rafters makes it possible to avoid trouble.

Fastening to beams

Not all truss structures are attached to the Mauerlat. If the ceiling of the house is made of load-bearing beams, then the rafter legs are attached to them. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the fact that the loads will act pointwise, and not along the entire plane of the walls being erected. In addition, this design is a protrusion outside the house by 30-40 cm, which already complicates the process of fastening.

In this case, it is very important to accurately set the rafters themselves at one specific angle. Therefore, first put two legs on different sides of the building in the same plane with the same angle. After that, a thread is pulled between them, which will perform the functions of a level. All other elements are exposed on it.

The rafters are usually attached to the beams with nails or metal fasteners. Most often it is a perforated plate or tape. The photo below clearly shows how all the elements of the roofing system are installed, and how they are attached to each other.

Attachment to the skate

There are three schemes for connecting.

1. The rafters are installed end-to-end with trimming according to the template so that the required connection angle is formed, which forms the angle of the roof slope. The rafters rest on the ridge beam, while they are fastened with nails along the upper ends, and additionally with perforated plates.
2. The same, only without the ridge beam.
3. The connection is made with an overlap, where the fastening is carried out with a hairpin, which passes through the through holes of the two rafter legs. In this case, nails are additionally used. Usually this method is used on hanging rafters without laying on a ridge beam. It is better in reliability than the second option, because it has a larger contact area between the two elements.

And in this knot you can use sliding supports for the rafters. In fact, these are two pairs of perforated plates, which are fixed together with studs. There are three studs: two interconnect the plates through the rafter legs, one in the space between the rafters. You can see it clearly in the photo below. This design allows the rafters to move, changing their angle, without affecting the strength of the entire system. That is, the angle between the elements can change.

Rafter leg extension

It often happens that the length of one leg is not enough to cover the roof. So it has to be lengthened. In this case, the requirement must be observed - the strength of the element does not decrease.

There are also three options here:

1. Two boards are cut at the junction at an angle of 45 ° and fastened together through a through hole with a bolt with a diameter of at least 12 mm.
2. The connection is made end-to-end, while the junction is lined with boards from the same material as the rafter legs themselves on both sides.
3. Overlap. It is necessary to observe the length of the overlap - at least 1 m. Fasteners are installed in a checkerboard pattern.

Everyone chooses for himself the option of connecting the rafters, which will correspond to some design parameters and operating conditions of the house. This includes what material the structure is built from, the shape of the roof, the type of roofing material (heavy or light), the climatic conditions of the area where the house is being built. But there are certain rules that must be followed.

• Don't skimp on fasteners. You need to choose the best and most modern. And it is best to use a combination of several options.
• Reliable fasteners are metal fittings, as well as studs and bolts. Nails and screws can be used for temporary fixing.
• When building a wooden house, you should always use sliding fasteners.
• If the installation of rafters with cuts is used, then this must be done very carefully. The best option is to use templates for this.
• If bolts or studs with nuts are chosen for fastening the rafter legs, then be sure to install large-diameter washers between them. It is they who create a snug fit, and it is they who will hold the load when pressed.

Rafters are the main load-bearing structural elements of the roof. Proper and reliable fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat eliminates the risk of deformation and collapse of the roof under its own weight and external loads.

Basic fasteners

To install the rafter legs on the Mauerlat and firmly fix them, apply different kinds notch (tie-in) and metal truss fasteners:

• wire ties;
• corners;
• plates;
• brackets WB;
• corner KR;
• fasteners LK;
• self-tapping screws;
• nails;
• perforated mounting summer TM;
• bolts, studs complete with nuts and washers.

The connection of rafters and mauerlat can be done using brackets. In this case, no tie-in is made in the rafter, so this key structural element is not weakened. Brackets for mounting are made of 0.2 mm thick steel with anti-corrosion zinc coating. The brackets are attached to the wooden beam and rafters with self-tapping screws, nails or anchor bolts.

Fasteners LK allow you to attach the rafter to the Mauerlat, as well as connect other elements of the system. When installing this fastener, anchor bolts are not used.

The use of perforated mounting tape allows you to strengthen the connection node. The perforated tape makes the connection of the rafters with the Mauerlat more durable, does not weaken the supporting structures, as it does not violate their integrity. For its installation, screws or nails are required.

The KR corner and its modifications are a widely demanded fastener of the truss system. It is used if necessary to securely install the rafter legs on the Mauerlat. The corner adds strength to the connection nodes, increases the bearing characteristics of the structure, eliminates the displacement of the rafters under high operational loads. The corner does not need to be cut into the wooden elements of the truss system, it is mounted with self-tapping screws or sharp nails (equipped with special protrusions).

Metal fasteners for the truss system must be made of high-quality material with reliable anti-corrosion protection - this guarantees its strength and durability.

In what cases is a Mauerlat required?

Mauerlat is often called the foundation of the roof. This design, made of logs or timber, allows not only to securely fasten the rafters, but also to ensure uniform load transfer to the walls and foundation of the structure.

During the construction of houses from timber or logs, the role of support for the rafters is performed by the upper wall trim, installation of additional structures is not required.

For structures whose walls are made of piece materials (brick, foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks, etc.), the installation of a Mauerlat is necessary. This is due to the fact that walls of this type do not cope well with point, undistributed loads. In addition, foam blocks are not strong enough to securely fix the truss system - fasteners under load can be torn out of the block. Thus, the installation of a Mauerlat is required.

In order for a wooden beam laid on the longitudinal walls of the building or along the entire perimeter (depending on the type of roof) to be firmly attached to the base, it is recommended to first create a reinforced concrete belt in the upper part of the walls. In a monolithic beam with a height of 200 mm and a width coinciding with the width of the wall, fasteners for the support beam are embedded. These are anchor bolts or studs with a diameter of 14 mm or more, located strictly vertically. To eliminate the possibility of tearing them out of concrete under high load, the lower ends of the studs or bolts should be bent. Mortgage fasteners are located in increments of no more than 1.5 m.

The use of studs with a diameter of less than 14 mm can lead to deformation of the fastener under loads.

In the beam from which the Mauerlat is mounted, holes should be made corresponding to the location of the studs. The beam is put on the studs, washers are put on the free threaded end of the fasteners and nuts are screwed on. This technology allows you to securely fix the roof base on the wall.

Before installing the timber, it is required to lay a waterproofing layer to prevent damage to the wood under the influence of moisture.

Principles of attaching rafters to Mauerlat

Installation of rafters on a support beam may be required when creating expansion and non-expansion truss structures. The installation of layered or hanging rafters on the Mauerlat is carried out using a rigid or sliding connection. Depending on the design features, the methods of attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat are selected.

The cutting is recommended to be performed in the rafter leg, and not on the Mauerlat, in order to avoid weakening its bearing capacity.

A rigid connection implies the complete exclusion of the displacement of elements relative to each other, the absence of such influences as shear, torsion, bending. The necessary rigidity of the connection is ensured if the rafters are attached to the Mauerlat with corners with a support bar, or a special “saddle” cutout is made in the rafter leg. The place of the cutout in the rafter is additionally fixed with self-tapping screws, nails, staples, bolts. In addition, it is necessary to perform a wire twist, which connects the rafter attachment to the Mauerlat and the anchor mounted in the wall.

During the construction of the roofs of wooden houses, a special fastener (“sled”) is used, which allows you to make a sliding connection. The attachment point of the rafters to the Mauerlat with a certain degree of freedom of the rafters makes it possible to avoid deformation of the roof during shrinkage of a house made of timber or logs.

Installation of rafters using a corner

When choosing how to attach the rafters to the Mauerlat, it is necessary to proceed from the design features of the roof. If we are not talking about wooden buildings, then the articulation should be rigid.

If the installation of the rafters is carried out with a “saddle” cut, then the technology of work is as follows:

• a cutout is made in the rafter leg so that the horizontal part of the rafter can be installed on a wooden beam, while the angle of inclination of the rafter leg must correspond to the angle of inclination of the slope;
• the rafter is fixed with three nails, two of which are driven in on both sides of the rafter leg at an angle (crossing must occur inside the Mauerlat), and the third nail is driven in vertically from above;
• additionally, the attachment point is fixed with brackets, wire rod.

Such fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat provides the necessary rigidity and strength of the assembly.

A fairly common technology is the installation of rafters using a metal corner and a hemmed beam. The rafters are attached as follows:

• the rafter leg is cut at the required angle to ensure the slope of the roof slope specified by the project;
• along the edge of the Mauerlat, a hemmed beam is mounted, the length of which is about 1 meter, the rafter firmly rests against it along the pressure line - this design eliminates the shift of the rafter leg under thrust loads;
• on the sides, the rafter should be attached to the Mauerlat using metal corners - fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat with these elements makes it possible to avoid transverse displacement of the rafter leg;
• the finished attachment point is additionally reinforced with wire rod.

The fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat should be carried out following the instructions, the details of the work technology can be found in the video.

The rafters are attached to the wooden support beam using special corners. The subspecies of the corner of the KR include:

• models KR11 and 21 (improved KR1 and KR2) are equipped with oval holes for anchoring, which can significantly reduce the risk of breaking the fastener when the building settles or the structure is loaded;
• model KP5 allows you to fasten structural elements with a high load-bearing capacity;
• model KR 6 (reinforced angle) is made of 3 mm steel, has an oval hole for anchoring, and is used for mounting heavy structures.

The load-bearing and auxiliary elements of the wooden truss structure are also fastened using a KM mounting bracket made of perforated steel. Its advantages include the possibility of fastening with self-tapping screws and screws, the absence of the need to use special equipment for installation.

The KMRP reinforced elbow is used for 90° connections. Its use allows you to securely install wooden rafters on the support beam. The angle can be adjusted.

Proper fixation of the rafter legs on the Mauerlat is a guarantee of durability and reliability of the roof structure. The scheme for attaching rafters to the Mauerlat may be different, but there are general rules mounting:

• it is important to ensure a snug fit of the planes of the wooden elements, which requires accurate and accurate cuts and cuts;
• using bolted connections, it is necessary to install washers or metal plates in order to avoid sinking the nut into the wood - this can lead to the destruction of the fastener.

It is forbidden to use linings, as they deform over time, which leads to an incorrect distribution of loads on the roof and entails deterioration in performance, destruction.

You can learn in detail how to properly attach the rafters to the Mauerlat thanks to the thematic video.

The rafter system is the basis for the entire roof structure. The safety of roof operation directly depends on how competently this system is designed and how firmly its constituent elements are interconnected. No less important is right choice building materials: and wood for the rafters themselves, and mounting hardware. So, what constructive solution for the organization of the truss system should be chosen so that the roof can successfully cope with the effects of winds and the severity of snow cover in winter? How to fix rafters so that there is no risk of premature deformation or destruction of the roof? We will talk about the main points regarding the installation of rafters.

Basic terms

1. rafters- these are beams made of logs or beams, which are the support for the roofing "pie", which includes both the finishing roofing, and hydro- and vapor barrier layers. Bottom part rafters - rafter legs - can rest both on the wall of the building itself and on the Mauerlat. The upper parts of the rafters are joined together end-to-end or overlapped at an angle, and then attached to a ridge beam or run. The main types of rafters are:

• Layered, which are suitable for roofs with intermediate columnar supports. The lower part of such rafters (leg) rests on the Mauerlat, the middle part - on the intermediate wall or support, the upper part - on the ridge. Thus, the rafters experience less stress.

• Hanging, which do not have additional support, which means that they work both in bending and in compression, and also create a significant bursting force. To strengthen the structure, a puff is used - a horizontal bar that is attached to the rafter legs and at the same time can serve as a floor beam.

2. Mauerlat is a massive beam, usually a bar with a section of at least 15x15 cm, which is laid on the axial walls parallel to the ridge. The Mauerlat is fastened to the wall with the help of studs recessed in a reinforced concrete belt. The Mauerlat is mounted on the protruding parts of the studs, and then the fastening is reinforced with nuts. Mauerlat is necessary so that the load from the roof structure is evenly distributed over the entire length of the axial walls, and does not represent separate points. In light structures, for example, houses made of timber or log cabins, it is allowed rafter fastening directly on the upper crown or beam of the wall, without erecting a Mauerlat. Capital buildings made of brick and concrete blocks must necessarily have a Mauerlat.

The most comprehensive information about rafters can be found on Wikipedia.

Overview of mounting hardware for mounting rafters

There are several types of fasteners for arranging the truss system. All of them are united by the material of manufacture - metal. The most popular types of fasteners are:

• Corners that are used to reinforce nodes during the installation of rafters. Corners not only make the mount more durable, but also increase the load-bearing capacity of the structure. Another advantage is that there is no need to make recesses in the wood, that is, the integrity of the elements of the truss system is not violated. corners fasten nails with protrusions of the "ruff" type on the leg or screws.

• Perforated tape, which also serves to give the truss structure strength and additional rigidity.

• Brackets that are made of 2mm galvanized metal and are attached to wood with anchor bolts, screws or nails.

• Fasteners LK, similar in design to brackets and fixed with nails or screws.

• Fasteners "sled" used for the installation of the truss system of wooden houses in order to protect the roof structure from deformation during the shrinkage of the building.

• Perforated metal plates.

Other types of fasteners that are used in the arrangement of the truss system are bolts with nuts, self-tapping screws, wire ties.

The main types of connections encountered in the arrangement of the truss system

The approach to how to attach rafters, is determined depending on the location of the attachment point:

• rafters and Mauerlat;
• two bars when increasing the length of the rafter;
• rafters and additional structural elements that strengthen the roofing system.

Scheme of rigid fastening of rafters to the Mauerlat

Rigid fastening of rafters is used when it is necessary to create a strong connection between the rafter base and the Mauerlat. An important requirement: the fastening should not be affected by factors such as twisting, sliding, turning, etc. an effort.

Structural strength is ensured by:

• equipping the rafter leg with a gash - the so-called "saddle";
• equipping the fastening unit with a patch in the form of a retaining bar.

How fix the rafters correctly to Mauerlat in this way? First, using a template, a recess (“saddle”) is created on the rafter leg in order to further put the rafter on the Mauerlat. It is forbidden to make any cuts on the Mauerlat, because the violation of the integrity of this element can significantly reduce the bearing capacity of the entire truss system!

After the rafter leg and the Mauerlat have been docked, the elements are fastened with three nails: two are hammered into the sides of the rafter at an angle to the rafter and to each other, and the third is strictly vertical in the middle. A more reliable method of fastening is metal corners, which are fixed with nails with special protrusions on the leg.

The retaining bar, which is mounted under the rafter leg and rests against the Mauerlat, will make the knot even more durable.

Photo of fastening rafters to Mauerlat Fastening rafters to Mauerlat photo of fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat photo of fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat photo of fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat photo of fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat photo of fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat photo of fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat photo of fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat

Sliding rafter technology

Those who are interested in how to fasten the rafters when arranging the roof of a house from a bar or rounded log will want to know about the sliding mount. The rigid connection of the Mauerlat and rafters is not suitable in this case, because wooden houses in the first few years after construction necessarily shrink. If the roof is not left with some room for movement in the direction of expansion / contraction, it may deform or even collapse.

With this method of fastening, the mauerlat and rafters are connected using special “sled” fittings or corners with elongated holes for nails.

Photo of the sliding fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat

Video about the sliding method of fastening and its installation:

Installation of rafters on beams (when arranging a roof without a Mauerlat)

If you are planning the arrangement of the simplest roof of a wooden house, the rafters can be attached to the floor beams. However, keep in mind that the distribution of the load from the roof will be point, and not distributed, as in the presence of a Mauerlat. With such a constructive solution, the floor beams should protrude beyond the contour of the walls by about 40 cm. In order for all the rafters to be fixed at the same angle to the beams, a string is pulled across the latter, which will serve as a guide for cutting grooves for installing rafter legs.

To make the fastening assembly more durable, cuts are made both at the base of the rafter leg and in the floor beam. In the first case, this is a "tooth with a spike", in the second - a socket for a spike. In order not to reduce the bearing capacity of the beam, the nest should have a depth of no more than 1/3-1/4 of its width.

Fastening rafters in the upper (ridge) part

At this stage, you can act according to one of three schemes:

• fasten the upper parts of the rafters, cut at the required angle (ideally - according to the template) end-to-end with long nails, and even better - metal plates;

• fasten the rafters with an overlap using a bolt with a nut, stud or nails. This method is considered more reliable than the first, because the rafters have a large contact area;

• fasten the rafters end-to-end and fix on the ridge run. This scheme differs from the first method in that there is also a ridge beam. In this case, the “saddle” is made not only on the rafter leg, but also on the upper part, which will rest on the ridge run. If the ridge is of considerable size, additional supports may be required for it, which is completely unsuitable for attics that will be used as living quarters.

Rafter extension

As a rule, standard lumber has a length of up to 6 m. If your roof slope is long, it is necessary to build up, or lengthen the rafters. Here, too, you can act differently:

• by the method of oblique cutting (at an angle of 45 °) and connecting the parts of the rafter with a bolt with a diameter of at least 12 mm;

• end-to-end, reinforcing the connection with overlay bars, fixed with nails in a checkerboard pattern;

• overlap, observing the intersection of rafter sections with a length of at least 1 meter and the location of the mounting hardware in a checkerboard pattern.

A few axioms regarding the fastening of rafters

How fasten rafters, each builder chooses for himself, based on the design features of the roof, the building as a whole, as well as the climatic conditions of the region (strength of winds, snowiness of winters, etc.). However, there are a few rules that must be observed in any case:

1. Use good quality fasteners. If you want a roof that is durable and safe, it's not worth saving.

1. The most reliable types of fastening are metal corners, plates, bolted and stud joints. Nails and screws are accessories for temporary fastening of rafters.

1. When building a wooden house, be sure to use a sliding connection of the rafters with a mauerlat or wall to avoid roof deformation during the shrinkage of the building in the first few years of operation.

1. Make cuts on the rafters carefully so that in the future you do not have to use liners or cut out extra centimeters / millimeters already in place. The ideal option is to use a template. Please note that if the roof is complex, and rafters will be attached to the Mauerlat at different angles, each type of location will require its own template. For all cases, the rule applies: the depth of the gash should be 1/3-1/4 of the width of the rafter leg.

1. If you chose bolts with nuts as fasteners, be sure to use washers and other seals that prevent the bolt head from “drown” in the wood.

Thus, the arrangement of the truss system of the house should be approached with the utmost care and responsibility. Haste should not be here. Before the actual installation work begins, the truss system must be designed, and the locations of all fasteners must also be determined. You should always have a sufficient number of fasteners at your disposal. good quality. Only with this approach it is possible to guarantee the strength and reliability of the roof, the absence of deformations and serious damage during the operation of the house. Build with mind and soul, and you will definitely succeed!

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