Ultrasound of the internal female genital organs as it goes. Yersiniosis antibiotic treatment

The organism of the fair sex is a special mechanism in its structure, characterized by excessive fragility. That is why it requires increased attention and timely care. When situations occur that were not previously characteristic of the nature of a particular organism, the question arises of what to do.

In this case, you need to promptly seek help from a specialized ultrasound diagnostic center and make an appointment. Thanks to the research results, it is possible to completely cure ailments of the reproductive system in women.

Ultrasound in gynecology: indications for passing

Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) is characterized by high accuracy of the results obtained and no harm to the body. The ultrasound is based on the principle sound wave, due to which an idea of \u200b\u200bthe current state of the body is formed.

During the study of the reproductive system of women, the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are subject to diagnosis. In addition, the survey is subject to bladder and the rectum. An ultrasound scan determines the presence of a possible pregnancy.

As a rule, a referral for an ultrasound scan is issued if:

• violation or failure menstrual cycle;
• the presence of changes in menstrual flow;
• increased painful sensations as a result of menstruation;
• suspicions of ovarian dysfunction, the appearance of neoplasms, endometriosis, inflammatory processes;
• the appearance of uncharacteristic discharge with a simultaneous occurrence in the lower abdomen;
• tracking existing anomalies of the genital internal organs;
• identifying the root causes of infertility;
• diagnosis of urolithiasis;
• prescribing methods of oral contraception;
• problems with urination;
• after surgical intervention gynecological nature;
• prevention and prevention of diseases.

In most cases, ultrasound is used not only to diagnose existing gynecological diseases, but also to monitor the course of pregnancy, as well as monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and the results from its implementation.

Ultrasound in gynecology: preparation for

The effectiveness of the study and the reliability of the data obtained directly depends on the conditions in which the preparation for ultrasound in gynecology was carried out. In the absence of a pregnant state, an ultrasound scan is done provided the bladder is full.

Therefore, it is important to know how to prepare for a gynecological ultrasound and follow these rules:

1. For ultrasound through the surface of the abdomen: you need to drink one - one and a half liters of water without gas an hour before the event and do not urinate until the end of the process;
2. For ultrasound through the vagina: you can be examined with an empty bladder;
3. For ultrasound for obstetric indications: carried out with a relatively filled bladder (you can use 1 - 2 glasses of water an hour before the study).

The main criterion for an effective ultrasound scan is an empty bowel in the absence of gas. It is advisable to follow a diet with the exclusion or limitation of foods that cause increased gassing and constipation. These include fruits, vegetables, brown bread, milk, and confectionery.

It is possible to use preparations containing enzymes (Creon, Festal, etc.). It is recommended to use dill water, activated carbon... If there is no bowel movement, laxatives can be used.

Gynecological ultrasound: preparation and implementation time

The most effective is ultrasound, which is carried out at the beginning of the menstrual cycle, namely on the 7th - 10th day. This condition applies to the study of the condition of the appendages and the uterus. In addition, such a study is typical for tracking gynecological diseases such as cervical erosion and polycystic disease.

Depending on the type of disease, the timing of the ultrasound scan varies:

1. With uterine myoma: at the end of menstruation (in the presence of violations) or on any day;
2. With folliculogenesis: on the 5th, 9th and 14-17th days of the cycle;
3. With adenomyosis: on the 16th day of the cycle.

In preparation for IVF, the study is carried out on the 5th - 7th day of the menstrual cycle. In case of preventive follow-up, it is recommended to undergo a gynecological ultrasound scan every year. If strange symptoms appear, it is important to promptly seek help from a specialist.

To ensure a smooth course of pregnancy, it is imperative to carry out an ultrasound scan every trimester (at the 9-10th, 16-20th and 32-34th weeks). This diagnosis is called screening. The very first study characterizes the presence of genetic abnormalities in the embryo. The second diagnosis shows the sex of the child. The third ultrasound displays the parameters and general features of the child.

The ultrasound procedure is not characterized by painful sensations. The exception to the rule is the presence of acute inflammatory processes in the area.

In the case of transvaginal ultrasound, a device with a diameter of 3 cm is used. The study through its use is also painless.

The data obtained are displayed on a special device, where a specialist observes the state of the body and takes a numerical characteristic of the indicators of interest.

Modern medicine involves a variety of diagnostic procedures. The equipment can help the doctor make a correct diagnosis and prescribe timely therapy. A separate breakthrough in medicine has become.It is especially relevant for the fairer sex.

The presented article will tell you about what an ultrasound scan in gynecology is. When to do it and how to prepare for it, you will learn further. You can also find out everything about the methods of carrying out the procedure and the places of its implementation.

When is this study scheduled?

When is it better to do a gynecological ultrasound? The answer to this question is simple. The procedure must be performed with the available indications. They are determined by a specialist. Therefore, if you have any complaints, then you need to go to the gynecologist and get recommendations. Ultrasound diagnostics are prescribed in the following situations:

• menstrual irregularities (long, breakthrough bleeding);
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• discomfort during intercourse;
• hormonal disorders;
• infertility;
• pain in the mammary glands;
• discharge from the genital tract with unpleasant odor and unusual consistency;
• suspicion of various pathologies;
• preventive examinations and so on.

Places of the procedure

When you contact a private institution, you will quickly be provided with the necessary services. However, you will have to pay a certain amount for this. Usually the examination costs from three hundred rubles to three thousand. If you decide to use the services of public hospitals, then you will not need money. However, you need to have your policy and passport with you. You need to make an appointment with a doctor. In some cases, you have to wait in line.

Diagnostic methods

Before you learn more information about ultrasound in gynecology, when it is best to do, examination methods should be studied. The procedure is carried out in two ways. Which is preferable depends on the given situation and the patient's condition. Sometimes a specialist needs to inspect in two ways. This is often required during pregnancy. Let's consider in detail the methods of examination.

Vaginal probe

This device has the shape of a thin cylinder. At the very end is the so-called camera. The sensor is inserted into the vagina and transmits an image of the genitals of the small pelvis to the screen of a specialist. After that, the doctor fixes the necessary indicators and draws up a protocol. This diagnostic method is usually chosen for non-pregnant women who are sexually active. Also, this method is used for expectant mothers on early dates to establish the fact of conception. Often in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, a vaginal sensor is diagnosed. It allows you to assess the condition of the cervical canal and cervix. Often this method is necessary when there is a threat of termination of pregnancy or ischemic-cervical insufficiency.

Alternative way

There is another survey method. It is called transabdominal. Usually, one ultrasound diagnostic apparatus contains several types of sensors at once. The device for transabdominal ultrasound has a flat shape. With its help, the picture is transmitted to the screen through the abdominal wall. Before carrying out the manipulation, the doctor must apply a conductive gel to the desired part of the patient's abdomen. This method of examination is preferable for virgins and pregnant women, as well as for those of the fairer sex for whom the device is not possible.

The transabdominal method of diagnosis in a non-pregnant state may give a less accurate result than its alternative, since the uterus and ovaries are usually located in the pelvic cavity. It can be difficult for the sensor to get results from hidden areas.

Ultrasound in gynecology: when is it better to do?

A specialist is always involved in determining the date of the study. The doctor will definitely tell you about all the nuances. Much depends on your particular situation. So, the usual preventive examination is carried out at the beginning of the menstrual cycle. Ovulation is tracked around the middle of the period. If it is necessary to establish the fact of pregnancy, then the end of the cycle is selected. Pregnant women have separate periods of diagnosis. Consider all the situations and find out on which day it is better to do an ultrasound scan (gynecology).

Preventive examination or suspicion of pathology

When is the usual ultrasound in gynecology best to do? Ultrasound diagnostics in the usual way is carried out immediately after the end of menstruation. Doctors most often set the fifth to seventh day from the first bleeding. It is during this period that all defects can be considered as much as possible. Indeed, at this time, the minimum. A specialist can see different neoplasms: fibroids, polyps, cysts. It is worth noting that the ovaries at this moment have a minimum size, they should not have any neoplasms. But some women have cysts that can be functional or pathological.

Despite the standard recommendations, in some cases, doctors choose other periods for examinations. Much depends on the length of the patient's cycle. If it has an average duration, then experts adhere to standard norms. With a short female cycle, it is recommended to conduct an examination from the third day, since ovulation may already occur by the seventh day. With a long period, you can postpone the ultrasound and perform it on the 5-10th day.

In case of suspected pregnancy

If the patient thinks that she is pregnant, when is it better to do an ultrasound scan in gynecology? The answer to this question will be unanimous. Experts say that the study can show a positive result only two weeks after the expected menstruation. Some devices have more accurate and modern devices. Such sensors show the presence of a fetal egg in the uterus after one week of delay.

According to the duration female cycle and the day of the survey is selected: 35, 42 or 49.

Folliculometry and its features

If you need to track follicle growth and determine ovulation, gynecological ultrasound when is it best to do? On your own, you most likely will not be able to find suitable days. Since in this case it all depends on the length of the cycle. At the appointment, your doctor will ask you to remember the dates of your last 3-6 menses. Based on the data obtained, the average cycle time is calculated. After this, the most favorable day for the start of folliculometry is determined.

For women with a short cycle, this is the fifth day, with an average duration - the tenth. A long period (up to 35 days) assumes the start of the ovarian examination on day 17. After the first examination, the doctor will be able to determine the next days of folliculometry for you. It is usually done every 2-3 days. But taking into account the size of the follicle, it can be prescribed after a few hours. A feature of the manipulation is that the examination provides only for the examination of the ovaries. The doctor will not pay attention to the rest of the indicators.

Do you need preparation?

You already know in what cases an ultrasound scan in gynecology is the best time to do it. Preparation for the procedure is very simple. However, it depends on the diagnostic method. In either case, you should definitely remember when the last menstruation was. The doctor should be informed about the first day and the duration of the bleeding.

Vaginal examination

If a vaginal examination is recommended for you, be sure to specify what you need to take with you. Some clinics do not offer free transducer-worn condoms. In this case, you will have to purchase a latex product in advance.

Perform hygiene procedures: wash with soap. Do not use any vaginal gels. This can reduce the diagnostic accuracy. Empty your bladder immediately before the test. On the day of the procedure, it is imperative to perform an act of defecation.

Ultrasound through abdominal wall

In this type of examination, much depends on the patient's condition.

• If the diagnosis is carried out in a non-pregnant woman, then it is imperative to drink a glass of water a few minutes before the ultrasound. The bladder should be slightly full.
• When an examination is assigned to a pregnant woman, on the contrary, it is necessary to urinate before the procedure. So the doctor will be able to correctly determine the position and parameters of the fetus.
• If the diagnosis is assigned to the expectant mother who has, then the bladder must be filled.

You have already been able to learn a lot about the procedure called ultrasound in gynecology (when to do it better). The types of research and methods of conducting it are presented to your attention. Experts give the following recommendations:

• tell the doctor what is bothering you;
• do not take any medications before manipulation;
• if you use hormonal agents contraception, then tell us about it;
• do not try to decode the received data yourself;
• go after the diagnosis to the gynecologist for further appointments and recommendations.

Let's sum up

If you need an ultrasound in gynecology, when is the best time to do, the types of ultrasound diagnostics and preparation methods are best checked with gynecologists. Only a doctor will be able to sensibly assess your condition and say about the need for research or its absence. Even if nothing bothers you, then you need to regularly visit specialists. In the absence of indications and complaints, diagnostics should be carried out once a year. After the onset of menopause, it is recommended to do this more often. Watch your health, all the best to you!

A female ultrasound is one of the main examinations required to diagnose an ailment. If there are suspicions of the presence of problems in the small pelvis, with timely diagnosis, diseases are cured with success.

Examination of the female reproductive system requires a special approach

In this article, you will learn:

The essence of the procedure

Such a diagnosis is also called gynecological. The main goal is to assess the state of the pelvic organs, the peri-ocular space and the ligaments that support the uterus in female representatives.

The need for the procedure

Ultrasound of internal female organs appointed to:

• to detect diseases of the female reproductive system at the initial stage;
• estimate anatomical structure uterus;
• assess the condition of the cervix;
• monitor ongoing therapy;
• accurately diagnose a disease when it is difficult to define.

An ultrasound doctor checks the anatomical structure of the uterus

How to prepare for the procedure

It is worth noting that women can perform gynecological ultrasound in two ways: usually (through the peritoneal wall) and transvaginally. To conduct a study in the first way, a woman should prepare herself. First, it is necessary to come to the procedure with a full bladder... For this it is recommended to drink about a liter of still water. With a full bladder, the uterus and ovaries are clearly visualized, making examination easier.

If the bladder is insufficiently filled, the image will not be as informative, because of which the diagnosis can be carried out a second time.

No filling of the bladder is required for transvaginal examination - the image will still be clear. Diagnostics is carried out when a detailed examination of the uterus and ovaries is necessary, or in the presence of an obstacle for examination through the peritoneum. Excessive body fat is often such a hindrance. In this case, the sensor is inserted through the vagina and the picture on the monitor is formed from the middle. Often, transvaginal diagnostics is used early in the gestation period, including suspicions of an ectopic pregnancy.

Using the device, the doctor can check the condition of the organs

Diagnostic methods

Such diagnostics are carried out by three methods:

1. Transvaginal. It is used to more accurately diagnose genital pathologies. It is carried out by introducing a specialized device into the patient's vagina.
2. Transabdominal. This method is used to examine a virgin or to detect a gross pathology in the pelvic organs. Inspection is carried out through the abdominal wall.
3. Transrectal. The examination is carried out by inserting the probe into the anus. The method is as informative as the transvaginal examination. It is rarely used, only for virgins.

Procedure

Transabdominal diagnosis is performed as follows:

1. The woman lies face up on the couch.
2. The doctor applies a special gel to the skin.
3. Then the doctor drives the device along the abdominal wall.

Different sensors are used for different types of ultrasound

Transvaginal examination is carried out as follows:

• the patient is placed on a couch with legs slightly apart;
• the doctor puts a condom on the device for examination;
• the sensor is inserted into the woman's vagina.

For such a diagnosis, you can purchase a special sterile condom.

Transrectal examination is carried out by analogy with transvaginal examination. The only difference is that the examination device is inserted into the woman's anus. In this case, the patient should lie on her side on the couch.

In the process of diagnosis, the nurse maintains a protocol where all the information voiced by the doctor is recorded.

Standard indicators for ultrasound

To begin with, in decoding the ultrasound of the female genital organs, the size of the uterus is indicated. The standard indicator of the distance between the fundus of the uterus and the internal os of the cervix is \u200b\u200b5-8 cm. On average, this distance in a healthy nulliparous woman is 60-71 mm. In women who have given birth, the uterus increases slightly, in this case its size is due to the number of births.

After examining the ultrasound readings, the doctor can draw a conclusion about the woman's health

The thickness of the uterus should be 30-40 mm, and the width - 45-60 mm. A few years after the reproductive function has died out, the uterus can decrease in size up to 40-50 mm. It is important to take into account the localization of the uterus when assessing the health of the genital organs in a woman.

It is normal to be located in the center of the small pelvis with a slight deviation to the peritoneum. This position in the act of research is designated as "anteflexio". "Retroflexio" is a physiological abnormality in the location of the uterus (the uterus deviates backward), namely the "bend". The term "lateroflexio" refers to the deviation of the body of the uterus in relation to the center of the body.

When assessing the localization of the body of the uterus, it is necessary to take into account that due to the filled bladder, it may deviate slightly from the norm.

The condition of the appendages

The cervix on the echogram is determined as a formation of 2-3 cm, in the form of a cylinder, echogenicity is similar to that of the uterus. Normally, the width of the cervical canal should be 0.3-0.4 cm. The ovaries in the ultrasound image are visualized as an oval-shaped formation located on both sides near the uterus. The ovaries should be 27-37 mm long, 21-29 mm wide, 17-21 mm thick.

On ultrasound, the doctor examines the ovaries very carefully

The size of the ovaries can be varied, since when the follicles grow, the ovaries also enlarge. When a dominant follicle is released, which is determined during the first phase of the cycle and continues to grow vigorously, up to 12-14 days of the cycle, others again become smaller, and the ovaries return to normal size.

By the time of ovulation, follicles can grow up to 15-29 mm, so they are well defined on ultrasound examination... When visually assessed by size, one ovary should be no more than 1/2 the size of the uterus in width. Definition of fallopian tubes normal sizes by ultrasound is impossible. At the end of ovulation, the corpus luteum begins to form, a temporary hormone-producing gland, the main purpose of which is to ensure the implantation of the embryo and preserve the pregnancy.

The corpus luteum is visualized as a small formation with a heterogeneous thick wall and fluid inside.

The endometrium in the uterus during the first days of the cycle is determined as a heterogeneous structure with different thicknesses (3-8 mm). By the end of menstruation (4-5 days of the cycle), the endometrium is 2-4 mm thick, so it is almost invisible on ultrasound. During the early stage of proliferation (6-7 days of the cycle), a slight increase in the size of the endometrial layer up to 6-9 mm is determined, while echogenicity decreases in parallel.

Doctor separate attention pays the state of the endometrium

At the same time, it is easy to determine the emerging thin echo-negative contour up to 0.1 cm in thickness. By the 10th day, the endometrium increases in thickness to 10 mm. During the secretory phase (15-27 days), and during menstruation, the endometrial layer thickens significantly (in some cases up to 15 mm), this is visualized on an ultrasound image as a thickened reflective surface inside the uterus.

It should be noted that the detected corpus luteum and a thickened endometrial layer in the first days of menstruation, if there is no embryonic egg in the uterus, may indirectly indicate a proceeding ectopic pregnancy.

Diseases detected by ultrasound

An ultrasound of the genitals determines the presence of:

• pregnancy - uterine, tubal, celiac;
• deviations in the formation of the uterus and appendages;
• inflammatory processes in the uterus and appendages;
• endometriosis;

This method helps diagnose the presence of cysts in the ovaries.

• hemo-, hydro- and pyosalpinx (accumulation of inflammatory or purulent fluids, blood in the fallopian tubes), and there is no exact differentiation of the form of abnormal fluids;
• complications after childbirth and abortion (for example, when particles of the fetus or its shell remain in the uterus);
• neoplasms in the pelvic organs;
• polyps in the endometrial layer;
• fibroids in the uterus, its stages, in what state are myomatous nodes, how they affect uterine permeability;
• cysts in the ovaries;
• torsion of the cyst leg in the ovary;
• pathological fluid in the pelvic organs.

When using IVF, such a diagnosis is used to dynamically monitor the state of the uterus with the ovaries, and during gestation, it helps to monitor the formation of the child and the health of the mother's organs.

In this video, you will be told about the features of gynecological ultrasound:

Currently, in the obstetric and gynecological field, ultrasound remains one of the most commonly used and popular diagnostic methods. female body... Usually it is necessary to assess the condition of organs, as well as ligaments and peri-ocular space.

The accuracy of the examination will entirely depend on how to prepare for the ultrasound of the pelvic organs. You should not neglect these actions. Many points should be taken into account, including the days of menstruation, in which you plan to visit the doctor.

An ultrasound diagnostic method is prescribed on strictly defined days of the female cycle, depending on what exactly the examination is for.

The actions will differ depending on what kind of examination will be assigned to the patient. general state the body, as well as those organs that need to be examined:

Traditional ultrasound diagnostics ... It is performed using a special sensor transvaginally (through the vagina), through the abdominal wall or through the rectum (the latter method is rarely used).

Folliculometry, carried out through the vagina and is necessary to examine the ovaries alone.
Examination during pregnancy that is early stages can be carried out transvaginally, and then only through the abdominal wall.

Let's consider in detail the preparation for each type of diagnosis

To transabdominal examination

If the study will be carried out through the abdominal wall, then the preparation procedure is as follows:

• A few days before the appointed date, all items that can cause fermentation and gas formation in the intestines are removed from the daily menu. This is any fatty food, drinks with gases, sweets, brown bread, all types of cabbage, sour fruits and various berries.
• On the day of the procedure, five hours before the examination, you can only drink plain water.

Such preparation for pelvic ultrasound makes it possible to obtain the most reliable and high-quality images. For the procedure, the woman will not need to undress; it is enough just to remove the clothes from the belly. A special gel will be applied to the skin, which is necessary for the machine to slide. After receiving all the necessary data, the gel is washed off with a towel or napkin.

Transabdominal ultrasound

With transvaginal access

If the patient is examined with a probe inserted into the vagina, the preparation will also be extremely simple:

• For two days, eliminate from food anything that causes fermentation.
• There is nothing to eat four hours before the procedure.
• Do not forget to visit the restroom before the ultrasound.

The procedure will be carried out as follows: the patient will need to take off her clothes below the waist, lie down and bend her knees. A small probe will be inserted into the vagina, protected by a disposable condom. Normally, a woman should not have painful sensations. If pain occurs, you should immediately inform your doctor.

Scheme of transvaginal ultrasound

In quite rare cases, the procedure can be carried out through the rectum, in which case the preparation will include new points: in addition to the diet already described, it will be necessary to empty the intestines naturally or with an enema in the evening before the examination.

The type of enema (suppositories or special preparations) should preferably be checked with a doctor. Arriving for examination, the patient will need to undress, lie down, bend her knees and relax. A very small and thin probe will be inserted into the rectum (it also requires a condom), which does not normally cause strong discomfort.

When is the examination carried out?

Changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus during the menstrual cycle: the first days of the cycle are good for the examination, since the mucous membrane at this moment is thin and allows the doctor to see more.

It should be borne in mind that ultrasonography, like any type of examination, is performed at a certain time, appointed only by the attending physician. If the study is planned, then it will be put on the first half of the woman's cycle... The fact is that during this period the uterine mucosa is thinner than usual, and any formations (even small ones) are much easier to see.

By the time menstruation comes, all temporary formations have already disappeared, only pathological phenomena remain, which need to be identified by the doctor.

If the patient complains of painful sensations in the lower abdomen, unpleasant discharge (especially if they are in the form of pus), the appearance of blood (during periods when there should be no menstruation), too abundant discharge during menstruation, pain in the vagina, then the doctor will send her to examination regardless of the cycle, that is, literally any day. If a woman has a delay, then the examination is prescribed from the fifth to the tenth day.

Why is the survey carried out?

Typically, the goals are as follows:

• Identification of ailments of the internal female genital organs, and the sooner the better.
• Assessment of the anatomical features of the development or structure of the uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, ligaments.
• A rough estimate of the effectiveness of the therapy provided.
• Making a diagnosis in cases where it is impossible to determine the disease by symptoms.
• Determination of all types of pregnancy (uterine, celiac or tubal).
• Identification of inflammatory processes in the uterus and appendages.
• Diagnosis of endometriosis, accumulations of pathological fluids in the fallopian tubes.
• In case of complications after childbirth or abortion.
• Detection of tumors in the pelvic organs. If a malignancy is suspected, the patient will be sent for a biopsy.
• Detection and study of uterine fibroids.
• If a woman has cysts in her ovaries.
• The presence of an incomprehensible fluid in the pelvic area.
• To monitor the condition and developmental stages of the baby, as well as the condition of the mother.

Conclusion

During the examination, a specialist examines the data obtained and verifies them with the norm adopted by gynecologists. This applies to the shape and size of the uterus, the thickness of its mucosa, the size of the ovaries. Tumors of both the uterus itself and the appendages are identified and examined, their location, size, benignity, or, conversely, malignant nature, are determined.

The same is done for ovarian cysts. This procedure is as informative as possible, safe for the patient and helps the doctor to identify various diseases at the earliest stages and find the most appropriate therapy. In order for the results to be as reliable as possible, one should not forget about the above methods of preparing for the study.

Nowadays, ultrasound examination is very widespread. Thanks to him, various pathologies of internal organs are revealed.

Examination of the pelvic organs in patients allows them to detect various diseases, even when they have not yet made known about themselves.

Ultrasound is a safe diagnostic method for humans.

The impacting waves, reflected from the tissues, are converted into waves, which display a picture of the internal organs on the monitor.

What is an ultrasound of the female genital organs for?

Ultrasound is the fastest, most affordable and inexpensive method examination of the structure of the female organs of the reproductive system, and not only. Thanks to this survey, it is possible to identify even the smallest deviation from the norm.

The reason for the inspection may be the following reasons:

• identification of inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs;
• pain and cramps in the lower abdomen;
• detection of neoplasms, cysts and tumors;
• establishing the fact of the presence of an intrauterine device; the influence of hormonal drugs;
• the presence and course of pregnancy;
• finding out the reasons for the absence of menstruation. Or, conversely, too much discharge;
• establishing the causes of infertility;
• detection of urological diseases.

Women's diseases that can be detected by ultrasound

There are certain diseases that can be seen mainly only through ultrasound.

• Benign and malignant tumors ovaries. In this case, ultrasound sees the very presence of a neoplasm, but the nature of the tumor can be clarified by conducting a biopsy;
• Myoma of the uterus. Benign neoplasm... With the help of ultrasound examination, even the smallest fibroids can be detected;
• Salpingitis. It is caused by inflammation of the fallopian tubes. The disease occurs due to sexually transmitted infections. The consequence may be adhesions that prevent conception, and in a neglected form, to complete infertility;
• Endometriosis The endometrium of the uterus begins to lay down outside its layer. It is impossible to diagnose this disease with 100% accuracy using ultrasound, but it is quite possible to make assumptions and prescribe additional tests;
• Ovarian and uterine cysts. Neoplasm with fluid inside. With the help of ultrasound, you can easily detect a cyst and establish its localization;
• Endometrial polyp. It has no definite symptoms, but is found on an ultrasound study;
• Cervical cancer. With the help of ultrasound, you can find out the size of the tumor and its effect on other organs.

Types of ultrasound examination and preparation for them

Gynecological examination is divided into three types: transrectal, transabdominal, transvaginal. Each type has its own preparation approach.

Transrectal type of research

This type of research is prescribed to girls who are not sexually active so as not to damage the hymen. As well as a number of other contraindications that may be indicated by the attending physician.

It is worth preparing for this type of examination as follows:

• three days before the ultrasound scan, exclude from the diet such foods that can cause gas formation in the intestines. You can not eat beans, cabbage, dairy products, some fruits, flour products;
• the procedure is performed on an empty stomach;
• in the evening and in the morning, carry out cleansing enemas;
• if a person is a smoker, it is worth quitting it a few hours before the study. It can increase the contraction of the intestinal walls.

This ultrasound examination requires a condom. Pharmacies sell both conventional and special condoms for this device.

Transabdominal type of research

This type of study is done with a special sensor that is directed to the walls of the peritoneum. This type of examination is not prescribed for obese women and is not used to determine early pregnancy. It is not as informative as other methods.

The transabdominal type has contraindications: it is not prescribed for diseases of the bladder and for violations skin on the lower abdomen.

The procedure is carried out in such a way that the patient sits on the couch with his back, and the ultrasound doctor controls the sensor over the desired area, having previously lubricated it with a special gel.

The procedure is absolutely painless and does not cause any discomfort. But the preparation process is equally important.

• if, before the ultrasound procedure, an X-ray examination of the intestine was done, with the infusion of contrast liquid, it is imperative to inform the doctor about this, as this can blur the picture. It is also worth asking the doctor on which day of the cycle it is better to carry out the prescribed procedure;
• as in the first case, you need to avoid products that cause gassing. This can break too general form indicators. You will also need to give up carbonated drinks that contain lactose. If a woman has bouts of flatulence or is overweight, it is worth using carminative drugs;
• the clothes should be loose enough so that when you are asked to undress, it does not take you long. You will need to take a towel with you or buy a diaper at the pharmacy;
• with a gynecological examination of the internal genital organs, it is advisable not to eat for 6-7 hours;
• before the procedure, you must drink a large amount of liquid, the bladder must be filled in order to better see the organs.

Transvaginal type of research

This analysis requires fewer preparation steps. This includes the same nutritional advice and physician notification of previous x-rays. But with this type of examination, the bladder should be empty.

In a transvaginal examination, an ultrasound probe is inserted directly into the vagina. It is for this reason that this view is the most informative and accurate.

The probe of this study has an elongated shape. The woman should lie on the couch with her back, legs slightly apart, bent at the knees.

You will need to take the following things to your appointment:

• condom (regular or special for ultrasound);
• a towel or disposable diaper;
• some free clinics require disposable gloves for examination.

The contraceptive is put on the sensor to prevent infection.

Such a study is contraindicated in women who do not have sexual intimacy, as well as those who have inflammatory processes, menstruation, or allergies to latex products.

What can affect the ultrasound result

Practice shows that there are some factors that can affect the reliability of ultrasound readings:

• the presence of feces, gases, the presence of barium in the intestine after X-ray;
• inability to lie correctly and motionless;
• overweight;
• damage to the skin on the abdomen is also a barrier in order to do an ultrasound.

Benefits

With a lot of pluses, ultrasound procedure has practically no downsides.

• Preparation for conducting does not cause any complications.
• Ultrasound can be done many times, even if there is a need to repeat it within 1–2 days.
• An ultrasound scan is much cheaper than, for example, cT scan or MRI. But they are also important and MRI is done to confirm tumors that may have been found on ultrasound.
• When performing an ultrasound, the doctor understands the difference between cysts, tumors and various neoplasms. This is the main advantage of ultrasound. But, unfortunately, ultrasound does not show which tumor is malignant or benign. This is what a biopsy does.
• With transvaginal examination, hysterosonography can be performed at the same time, which is carried out by filling the uterus with a special fluid and checking the tubes.
• During pregnancy, an ultrasound scan is prescribed to examine the fetus for abnormalities or their absence.