Cardiac defibrillation procedure. Electrical defibrillation of the heart and its features The defibrillator is intended for

09.05.2020

Disturbances in the work of the heart, especially irregularities in the rhythm, can lead to its complete arrest (asystole). The absence of contractions of the heart muscle within 5 minutes causes biological death... Defibrillation of the heart is a method of restoring rhythm by exposing it to an electric current. This procedure is performed using a special device - a defibrillator, in severe cases when resuscitation is required.

Defibrillation is the direction of a powerful discharge of electric current to normalize the heart. This is necessary in cases where drug therapy does not give the desired result, and the patient is on the verge of death. Depending on how the current is supplied, there are two types of procedure:

(electro-pulse therapy). This technique consists in the action of direct current, which is synchronized with the period of excitation of the ventricles. Otherwise, this procedure can lead to fibrillation.
Defibrillation. Direct exposure to current without synchronization with periods of heart work, when the supply of direct current is unnecessary or impossible to do.

The main difference between the defibrillation procedure and cardioversion is that in the first option, an electric current is supplied independently of the cardiac cycle. Manipulation is performed if the patient is unconscious. The initial discharge is about 200 J, then it is increased to 360 J.

With cardioversion, current impulses pass during the most invulnerable period of cardiac activity. To identify the moment of ventricular excitation, the procedure is carried out under ECG control. This procedure can be performed routinely with the consent of the patient.

In most cases, defibrillation is necessary for ventricular tachycardia, the development of fibrillation. Cardioversion is performed for arrhythmias and tachycardia that develop in the atria. The method of electrical impact on the main organ in each case should be chosen by the doctor, based on the patient's vital signs and medical indications.

Defibrillation indications

With serious heart problems, a person's life can be counted in minutes or even seconds. Therefore, defibrillation is often necessary. It is performed urgently, but sometimes such a procedure can be planned.

Emergency defibrillation is necessary if acute cardiac arrhythmias are detected. They provoke a sharp cessation of normal blood circulation and a pronounced failure in the work of the heart:

ventricular tachycardia;
high frequency;
flutter of the ventricles.

Patients suffering from rhythm disturbances should definitely know what fibrillation is. This is a dangerous condition accompanied by the chaotic appearance of electrical impulses with a frequency of 300-700 beats per minute. With the acute development of the disease, the risk of death is very high. It is in such cases that emergency defibrillation is required. In the chronic course of the pathology, the risk of death is doubled and a special course of treatment is required.

Relatively urgent defibrillation is required for diseases that do not cause acute failure, but are not corrected by medication. This group of pathologies includes:

supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia (recurrent);
paroxysmal atrial flutter;
ventricular tachycardia;
atrial fibrillation.

Scheduled electrical defibrillation is performed in the treatment of chronic heart rhythm disorders that long time do not give in drug treatment... Most often this is necessary with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.

Contraindications

Since in most cases, electrical impulse defibrillation is performed urgently, then possible contraindications are not taken into account, since the health and life of the patient is put in the forefront. The only absolute contraindication is complete cardiac arrest. Defibrillation during asystole or electrical activity without pulse registration is not performed. If this happens, it is recommended to perform an indirect massage of the heart, and after that, the effect on the organ with current pulses.

Routine cardioversion is not performed if:

The patient is prescribed cardiac glycosides. While taking these drugs, ventricular fibrillation is possible.
An acute infectious disease was diagnosed.
There are contraindications for anesthesia.
Disorders in the electrolyte composition of the blood were found.
Revealed atrial thrombosis.
Registered chronic insufficiency cardiac activity.
Either ventricular enlargement is diagnosed.

Defibrillator types and how they work

A medical device that generates high-voltage electrical impulses is called a defibrillator. It consists of several main parts:

charger;
capacitor;
discharge circuit.

In addition, modern models are equipped with a monitor and an electrocardiograph. This is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the measures taken. The latest defibrillators are divided into several types, depending on the principle of operation:

Methodology

It is imperative that emergency defibrillation be performed by a cardiac team emergency care... In extreme cases, this procedure is entrusted to specially trained police and fire brigade specialists in the presence of an automatic defibrillator. In this case, you need to follow the approved algorithm:

If four attempts to normalize the heart rate were unsuccessful, then they fix the impossibility of saving the patient's life.

Features of defibrillation in childhood

The restoration of rhythm under the influence of electrical impulses is also used in pediatrics. For babies whose body weight does not exceed 10 kg, special small electrodes are used. In all other cases, the procedure is performed using standard equipment. For children from birth to 8 years of age (or weighing less than 25 kg), manual defibrillation is recommended. At later periods, the use of an automatic defibrillator is permitted.

The need for pediatric defibrillation is determined by the following indications: complete cessation of blood circulation due to ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia with an unregistered pulse. The arrangement of the electrodes is standard.

Possible complications

Defibrillation of the heart can be associated with complications. Most often, the procedure is associated with the appearance of burns due to the passage of high-power current pulses through the skin. Treatment in this case is symptomatic. Sometimes after the procedure, arterial thromboembolism is recorded, the therapy of which is rather complicated. The patient is prescribed anticoagulants, thrombolytics, in rare cases, surgical intervention is required.

However, in this situation, the end justifies the means, because the result is the salvation of human life. When choosing a planned cardioversion, the negative consequences are evaluated much more carefully. Possible:

Chemical defibrillation

You can restore normal cardiac activity with the help of special drugs... The medical method of defibrillation is less effective than the hardware method, but it is still used periodically.

Chemical defibrillation should only be performed by an experienced physician. The drug is injected directly into an artery or intracardiacally. In this case, a solution of potassium chloride (7.5%) will help restore the heart rhythm and normalize the work of the heart chambers. It is taken at the rate of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight. You will also need the introduction of 10 mg of novocaine (1%) and a solution of calcium chloride (10%).

If a positive result from drug therapy is registered, then to prevent repeated rhythm disturbances, atropine (0.1%) and 7 mg of novocaine (1%) are administered intravenously to the patient.

Frequent mistakes

There are many factors that influence the result of defibrillation. It is important that the procedure is carried out correctly, that other resuscitation actions are performed. When restoring normal heart function with current, the following incorrect steps are possible:

All of the above errors occur largely as a result of the inexperience of a specialist. However, the effectiveness of the procedure can be influenced by the individual characteristics of the patient's body, the presence of chronic diseases, as well as a bad history. According to statistics, correctly performed defibrillation is effective in more than 80% of cases. However, in fact, in stationary conditions only 70% of patients can be saved, but outside medical institution only 15%. The planned cardioversion efficiency reaches 95%.

Thanks to the implanted devices, it is possible to significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with cardiac arrhythmias. These devices almost instantly relieve arrhythmias and reduce the risk of early death.

Still have questions? Ask them in the comments! A cardiologist will answer them.

occupies a special place. This device helps to restore the normal rhythm of the heart and synchronize it, which means that the electro-pulse therapy, which is the basis of its action, can save a person's life at the most critical moment.

To relieve atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, a short but strong electric shock is required, and this shock is provided by a defibrillator. Modern devices are usually multifunctional. They not only generate electrical discharge, but can also act as a cardioscope and pacemaker.

What are defibrillators?

Depending on the operating conditions, as well as the qualifications of persons carrying out resuscitation measures, a certain type of device is used. There are several types of defibrillators. Professional - manual devices with a full range of functions. Such devices have a wide range of different settings, but this requires special professional knowledge.

Professional devices used by resuscitation doctors, ambulance teams, as well as specially trained paramedics. All parameters during defibrillation are set manually by a specialist. The electric discharge is supplied using electrodes in the form of an iron. Manually operated devices have a built-in printer and display.

Advantages:

Reusable electrodes save on consumables;

Lower cost in comparison with an automatic device;

A wide range of functions.

Disadvantages:

Requires certain knowledge and experience;

Large dimensions make transportation difficult;

Needs careful care and regular service.

Automatic - independently operating devices that do not require the active participation of the user. Such devices are often used by rescuers, sports coaches, as well as specially trained volunteers and workers of a number of professions providing various services (stewardesses, guides, hotel workers, etc.) The device detects cardiac arrhythmias and sends a signal to the operator that a shock is required. The electrodes in these defibrillators are disposable. They are held on the patient's chest with Velcro.

Advantages:

Small size;

Easy transportation and storage;

No special knowledge and skills required.

Disadvantages:

Some features may be missing,

High price.

Combined - universal devices, which successfully combine the functions of automatic and professional defibrillators. Such devices operate in automatic mode, but have a display, printer and other manual controls.

Implantable - miniature devices that are used for severe heart ailments. Contact directly with the heart muscle. They are implanted into the patient's body surgically... They are often installed in parallel with pacemakers.

Defibrillator-generated impulses are monophasic (monopolar) and biphasic (bipolar). Monophasic pulse models gradually disappear from medical practice... They are being replaced by more efficient apparatus with bipolar pulse.

Defibrillator selection considerations

When buying a device for defibrillation, the question often arises: which device to give preference to - domestic or imported? There are certain nuances here. Devices from foreign manufacturers have an English-language menu, which is not very convenient for those who use them. In addition, in the event of a breakdown, longer and more expensive repairs will be required. Foreign-made batteries are not fully adapted to Russian conditions, so they sit down faster and need to be replaced more often.

And one moment. The rapidly updated model range of imported devices can turn into the fact that in the event of a malfunction, replacing any part in 2-3 years will become a very difficult task. In this sense, a domestic device is more profitable, since it is much easier to provide its service and repair.

Defibrillators are devices that allow you to restore a one-time rhythmic contraction of the heart when different types its violation, as well as restore the normal conductivity of the electrical impulse generated by its own nervous system hearts.

Defibrillator types and their technical characteristics

The principle of operation of all defibrillators is simple: the generation of a direct current of high power with its supply with the help of electrodes to the patient's chest. To power it, you need access to a 220 V network or the presence of batteries.

Manual defibrillators

Due to the fact that this equipment has a wide range of different settings for its numerous functions, it requires a professional approach .

The right to use this type of defibrillator is resuscitation doctors in hospitals and ambulances ... Admitted to their operation and paramedics with special training.

You can assess the work of the heart and its control after treatment on the monitor or using special printers providing information on paper. Another name for this type of defibrillator is professional.

Auto Cycle Defibrillators

Special electrodes located on the patient's chest allow assessment of automated defibrillators state of electrical activity of the heart and, according to this, select the required operating mode , conducting the necessary discharge along the same electrodes. Some functions typical for professional defibrillators are not available for this type of device.

Besides, automatic defibrillator electrodes, usually disposable, and are expensive.

To work on this equipment allowed non-medical service workers (guides, stewards, maids) and from other industries, with a preliminary acquaintance with the basic principles of defibrillator operation.

Combined defibrillators

They successfully combine the properties of the first and second group of models by adding to the automatic mode of operation several modes with manual adjustment .

They are used for persistent disturbances in the rhythm of the heart with impaired conduction of the intracardiac impulse. Combine in themselves function and are installed in the patient's body with the appropriate surgical intervention... They are characterized by their small size, since they have the possibility of direct contact effect on the heart muscle.

Until recently, according to the characteristics of the output current pulse, defibrillators were divided into monophasic and biphasic ... However, the latter, showing higher efficiency and giving a wide scope for use, are decisively conquering the market for this area of \u200b\u200bmedical equipment.

Popular defibrillator models and prices - compare and choose

Defibrillator DKI-N-10 "AKSION" (Russia)

The most popular modern domestic defibrillator is the DKI-N-10 "AXION" device, manufactured in Izhevsk.

The device consists of a portable part in the form of the defibrillator itself, complete with replaceable batteries and electrodes (adults and children), as well as a battery charger.

The portable part has a monitor, which displays information about the operating parameters of the device and the maximum possible characteristics of the main indicators of the patient's heart.

Being portable, the AXION defibrillator-monitor DKI-N-10 retains all the functions of professional equipment.

The bipolar pulse it produces with a maximum energy of up to 360 J and an amplitude ratio of 1: 0.5 - creates a minimal risk of undesirable effects for the patient.
In this regard, this device is used for resuscitation and in the treatment of persistent and sudden cardiac arrhythmiasand using electro-pulse therapy.

When the batteries are fully charged, DKI-N-10 "AXION" can produce about 30 discharges with energies of 200 J. At the same time, it takes no more than 6 seconds to gain 200 J of energy for the next discharge, and about 10 s when gaining a charge of 360 J.

In addition, the defibrillator automatically limits the defibrillation current when the patient's body resistance is less than 25 ohms.

Parameters:

Average dimensions of the device: 385x140x455mm
Weight - about 8.5 kg
Power consumption: 200 VA
The average price is 79,000 rubles.

Defibrillator Primedic Defi-B (Germany)

Appliance with monophasic pulse type , makes it possible to work in different modes, primarily due to the presence of eight levels of current energy (from 10 to 360 J). Has the capability of synchronous and asynchronous defibrillation. The charge after the previous discharge reaches the designated maximum (360 J) in 5 seconds.

When the defibrillator is turned on, the device operability is analyzed with the corresponding sound and optical indication.

All necessary information is displayed on liquid crystal monitor , including the memory of the last produced ECGs with the possibility of printing them.

Among many modern medical devices, a defibrillator is especially commonly used. How it works and what it is, you need to know those people who are planning surgery on device implantation.

A defibrillator is a medical device designed for use in electrical impulse therapy. It is often used for various rhythm disturbances that are accompanied by a too high heart rate. The first experiments with defibrillation were carried out back in 1899 on dogs. Their main goal was to study the mechanism of death from electric shock, since the very concept of defibrillation had not yet been fully formed. This was taken up in 1932 by Hooker's team. As a result of their experiments, the possibility of conducting electroshock resuscitation was proved.

The first autonomous defibrillator was created in the Soviet Union in the mid-50s by Klimov and Eskin, but by various reasons it proved impossible to widely popularize the experiments.

The first prototype of the cardioverter-defibrillator weighed about 27 kg. It was created by Baruch Berkowitz, while the main development of the device is carried out by Zolla Bernard Lown. With the help of such a device, a pulse with an energy of 100 J was created, which could be used on open heart... In order for the discharge to be used through a closed chest, an average pulse of 300 J.

Video How does a defibrillator work? - Theories in 1 minute | BrainTime

How the defibrillator works

The operation of the device is based on the generation of short-term electric frequency pulses, the transmission of which is transmitted to the patient's body through specially provided devices:

irons - professional devices that are manually adjusted;
electrodes are glued and operate in automatic mode.

When using the defibrillator, clear safety precautions must be followed:

Before placing the electrodes, their surfaces are lubricated with a special conductive gel, in some cases a special moisturizing solution is used.
Electrodes or irons are pressed against the body as tightly as possible so that tension is not lost and burns do not occur.
It is strictly forbidden to allow the electrodes to touch each other or by means of an electrically conductive gel.
Near the patient there are only people conducting defibrillation, the rest are moved away at a sufficient distance.
Do not touch metal objects while operating the defibrillator.
Various devices that record ECGs or monitor mechanical ventilation of the lungs must be disconnected.

The first discharge is passed for about 0.01 sec, its voltage is no more than 7 kV. To supply it, a capacitor is used that operates in automatic mode or from a 220 W network. This single discharge excites the fibers of the heart muscle, as a result of which the propagated wave of fibrillation is blocked. Subsequent synchronization of excitation, relating to individual areas of the myocardium, helps to restore normal heart activity.

It is important to remember that during the transmission of the discharge, 96% of the voltage falls on the tissues of the chest, and only 4% reaches the heart.

Starting defibrillation with small capacitor discharges prevents the development of postresuscitation cardiomyopathies. Also, depending on the model, the measurement of the charge energy differs. If in imported models the measuring unit is watt-second and joule, then in domestic ones it is kilovolt.

Features of the work of modern defibrillators

Defibrillators today are often produced with an automatic mode of operation. This allows them to be used even by non-professional health workers. Such models are widely used today in airplanes, trains, they are placed in first-aid kits, which are then used in medical posts of various locations.

It should be noted that in the case of providing assistance with an automatic defibrillator within the first minutes from the onset of an attack, the efficiency of its use reaches 98%.

The main differences between modern defibrillators:

The discharge level is often selected automatically, for this the device compares various indicators (gender and age of the patient, his height and weight, tissue resistance).
The device selects the optimal polarization and placement of the electrode.
If necessary, the user is alerted by the device using prompts and signals.
With the normalization of cardiac activity, a button is automatically triggered to block the delivery of a discharge.

Key defibrillation errors

No resuscitation measures were taken before defibrillation began, or a long break was taken after cardiac massage.
Electrodes to chest pressed against with insufficient force.
The patient had small-wave fibrillation and the necessary measures were not taken to increase the energy resources of the heart muscle.
The discharge voltage was chosen incorrectly (too high or, conversely, too low).

Thus, defibrillation can only be done by people who are knowledgeable in this matter. With the help of this method of eliminating fibrillation, it is possible to save patients in different conditions and under different circumstances.

This is probably the most famous medical device in the world. Thanks to the films, many are convinced that defibrillation can be used to revive after cardiac arrest. Do you remember the footage where the patient lies breathlessly on the couch, a flat line is visible on the medical monitors, and the doctor yells: "Defibrillator!" Then, according to the classics of the genre, the doctor should shout “Discharge!” Several times, pressing the device to the patient's chest, and - lo and behold! - the patient has a pulse again, and the straight line returned to the "live" curvature. Everything seems to be correct, no fantasy: the heart stopped and it was stimulated with an electric discharge. The heroes of the film rejoice - the patient will live, the audience calms down after the happy ending of the climactic scene and only those in real life work with the same defibrillator, they look at similar shots with a grin. Well, this device cannot raise from the dead and start a stopped heart! Then why is it needed and in what cases do real doctors use a defibrillator? In principle, the answer to this question is already in the name of the device, but for everyone who does not have medical education, let's try to explain in a more accessible way what a defibrillator is.

What does the heart need to contract

On average, the human heart beats 60 to 100 times per minute. This is due to the work of special stimulating cells in top wall the right atrium (the so-called sinus-atrial node). Thanks to them, an electrical differential is created between the outer and inner sides of the cell membrane. At some point, they send an impulse through the entire heart muscle to its lower partby causing the muscle to contract. It would seem that since the heart works from the sent impulses, then what is wrong with the electrical stimulation from the outside? To understand this, let's move on.

The electrical differential in the sinus-atrial node is created for a reason, but due to the presence of electrolytes potassium, sodium and calcium. The electric charge from them passes through the walls of the cells through special channels (each has its own). An instant before the contraction of the heart muscle, potassium is contained inside the cells, and calcium and sodium outside. When sodium penetrates into the cell, it begins to squeeze potassium outward, thereby creating an electrical potential. Then the channels for calcium are opened and it also breaks inside. This creates the charge required for the impulse. Then the impulse from the sinus-atrial node goes to the atrium, and then in another node (atrioventricular) a pulse is generated. Thanks to this complex scheme, blood from the upper part of the heart is pumped into the lower one, and the impulse spreads to other parts of the heart muscle. And only the correct operation of this whole mechanism can create a heartbeat.

If the system fails, there are various possible consequences. But we are now interested in the state of fibrillation. This happens if the sinus-atrial node does not give out the impulse necessary for the heart. Then the cells of the heart muscle for some time try to create the necessary impulse themselves, but in this case, the contraction of different parts of the heart is out of order (fibrillation begins) and the muscle loses its ability to pump blood. It is clear that it will not be able to continue for so long and soon cardiac arrest occurs. But while the muscle is still in a state of fibrillation, there is hope for a defibrillator.

When to use a defibrillator

A defibrillator is a device used in medicine to eliminate a state of atrial fibrillation, that is, an uneven, rapid, arrhythmic and unproductive contraction of the heart muscle, atria or ventricles.

The state of fibrillation on the cardiogram will look like a curved line with many small jumps up and down (and not like a straight line from movies). Such a graph indicates that different parts of the heart are contracting with different strengths and with their own rhythm. And just an electric discharge gives a chance to restore the correct rhythm of contractions. Exposure to an electric current, more powerful than the contractions of the heart muscle, allows this process to be aligned and to make different parts of the heart work in unison again.

The "miracle" of the defibrillator is that the electric current activates the electrolytes and they again begin to flow through the channels in their "schedule". But that same straight line on heart monitors is asystole. She says that the electrolytes necessary to create an impulse are missing in the cells. The task of doctors is to apply defibrillation before the patient has asystole. Later, all the defibrillator can do is burn the heart with the heat of the shock.

Medical indications for defibrillation:

ventricular fibrillation (chaotic contraction at a rate of 200-300 beats per minute);
flutter of the ventricles (rhythmic contraction, but at a speed of about 300 beats per minute);
atrial flutter (rhythmic, but rapid contraction up to 240 beats per minute);
atrial fibrillation (chaotic contraction, 300 beats per minute).

With ventricular fibrillation, the so-called emergency defibrillation is performed (what, in fact, is shown in the films).

In case of atrial rhythm disturbances, the procedure can be done as planned. In such cases, one speaks of cardioversion.

When the procedure is not done

The only contraindication to using a defibrillator is cardiac arrest. In such cases, the procedure using an electric current will be simply useless. It is more correct to spend this time on other, more effective methods of resuscitation in such a situation.

In case of cardiac arrest, doctors usually try to save the patient by means of chest compressions and artificial ventilation, the patient is injected with epinephrine, adrenaline, atropine, sodium bicarbonate.

Contraindications to routine defibrillation:

the presence of blood clots in the atria;
sinus or polytopic atrial tachycardia;
electrolyte disturbances;
contraindications to anesthesia;
poisoning with glycosides.

What is a defibrillator

A defibrillator is a medical device designed to shock the heart muscle in order to restore and synchronize its rhythm. High voltage (about 1000 volts) is used for the procedure. During "shock therapy" the patient's heart receives about 300 J of electricity (approximately the same amount is used by a 100-watt lamp in 3 seconds).

The defibrillation method was first used back in 1899. It was a scientific study in animals. Two physiologists from the University of Geneva found that exposing the heart to a small electrical discharge can cause ventricular fibrillation, while a higher current, on the contrary, eliminates this process.

The first person to experience the effects of an electric shock procedure was a 14-year-old boy. In 1947, professor of surgical sciences Claude Beck, with the help of an electric current, was able to restore the normal rhythm of the heart in a child. In the Soviet Union, treatment with electric current was initiated by V. Eskin and A. Klimov. In 1959, Bernard Lown and Baruch Berkowitz identified optimal time procedures for different cases of arrhythmias.

The first portable defibrillator was created in 1965. The device was invented by a professor from Northern Ireland, Frank Pantridge.

The creation of the doctor's apparatus was prompted by the fact that in the 1960s a defibrillator could only be used in medical institutions, but many patients with heart disease died on the way to the hospital. Pantridge's invention was very different from today's portable devices. The device weighed about 70 kilograms, and huge lead plates served as "irons" in it. But even such a device could already be transported in ambulances, and this was its huge plus.

What are

New generation defibrillators are, as a rule, multifunctional devices that also take over the functions of a pacemaker and a cardioscope. But not all heart pacemakers are created equal.

Today, there are 4 types of devices on the medical equipment market:

professional;
automatic;
universal (combined);
implantable.

A professional defibrillator is a multifunctional device commonly used in intensive care and emergency departments. This is the same device, known from the films, consisting of two “ironing” electrodes applied to the patient's chest.

Only specially trained doctors can work with such a device, since the discharge power and the duration of the procedure have to be determined independently on an individual basis.

In addition, it is important to place the pads correctly during defibrillation. For the procedure, the patient is placed on a flat hard surface, freed from clothes, and the "irons" are treated with a special gel-current conductor.

The electrodes are pressed to the chest with a force of 8-10 kg. During exposure to the discharge, it is forbidden to touch the patient's body, as well as the surface on which he lies.

This type of machine is usually equipped with a monitor and built-in printer. The advantage of a professional defibrillator is the possibility of reusable electrodes, which ultimately affects the cost of consumables. But he also has disadvantages.

In particular, this type of apparatus is very large and is more suitable for stationary use. He is quite capricious in care, requires special maintenance. Moreover, not every doctor will be able to work with such a device.

An automatic defibrillator requires minimal intervention from a resuscitator. Such devices independently recognize irregular heartbeats and give a signal when to shock.

Unlike professional devices, automatic devices are equipped not with irons, but with disposable Velcro electrodes, which are fixed on the patient's chest. These devices can be operated by people with basic medical training.

The devices are popular among rescuers, volunteers, and sports trainers. These types of defibrillators can be found in hotels, on board aircraft and on trains.

The list of advantages of automatic models includes compactness, ease of storage and transportation, as well as the ability to use the device without special skills and knowledge. The main disadvantages of the device are the high cost and the lack of some functions inherent in professional models.

The Combo Defibrillator is a versatile model that combines the functions of a professional and an automatic device. More precisely, it is an automatic device supplemented by a display, a printer and elements for manual control.

An implantable defibrillator is a miniature device designed for insertion. Often used in conjunction with a pacemaker. In addition, there are mini-defibrillators that are fixed on the patient's body. Such devices constantly monitor the heart rate and, if necessary, act on the muscle with an electric discharge.

By the type of pulses generated, implantable devices are monophasic (less and less used) and bipolar (more effective, more often used in modern medical practice).

The human body is made up of a huge number of different muscles. But there is one among them, on which absolutely everything depends. This is the heart. It rarely stops instantly.

Before the heart muscle finally stops pumping blood, it will still make weak attempts to contract for a while.

It is at this time that there is still a chance to save a person. Of course, if there is a defibrillator and a qualified doctor nearby.