The following signs are placed at the end of the sentence. Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence and at a break in speech

Dot placed at the end of a declarative or motivating non-exclamation sentence: 1. Yuri Bondarev said that fiction cannot materially change the world, but it can change people's attitude to their own life and the life of society. 2. Please visit us more often.

Note. If there is a graphic abbreviation at the end of the sentence, one more period is not put: "The Tale of Grief-Misfortune"- an outstanding work of the 17th century.

Question mark put:

a) at the end of a simple interrogative sentence: When did you manage to change your way of thinking?(A. Ostrovsky);

b) at the end complex sentence if all of its parts or only the last one contains a question: 1. You will get tired of living with them, and in whom you will not find stains?(A. Griboyedov). 2. Do you know who I am?(A. Chekhov). 3. Look, brother Kudryash, who is waving his arms like that there?(A. Ostrovsky).

Exclamation point placed at the end of an exclamation point: 1. I beg you, tell the truth!(A. Ostrovsky). 2. What a great happiness it is - to live, exist in peace, breathe, see the sky, water, sun!(I. Bunin).

Ellipsis at the end of the sentence is put:

a) to indicate the incompleteness of the statement, the possibility of continuing the enumeration: 1. "Panteleimon ...- Korotkov asked in a trembling voice,- where did he go? Quickly tell me, he is different, do you understand ... "(M. Bulgakov). 2. An old road carriage, an old postal troika, a big-eared Tatar driver on high trestles next to tied suitcases, a friendly clatter of hooves to the incessant crying of bells, an endless highway ...(I. Bunin);

b) when indicating a transition (often unexpected) from one thought to another, at a time interval between the events described in the sentences: 1. For a long time I turned around and looked at the gray teeth of the rocks carving out of the blue of the empty sky ... And the troika rolled and rolled lower and lower, deeper and deeper, into the picturesque wooded abysses, farther and farther from the pass, under the pouring ringing and stomping, growing and floating into the sky(I. Bunin). 2. All day I wander across the empty plains ... Hungry and vegetation, I return to the manor at dusk, and my soul becomes so warm and joyful when the Vyselok lights flash and pulls from the manor with the smell of smoke, housing(I. Bunin).

There may be a combination of punctuation marks at the end of a sentence:

1. At the end of an interrogative sentence pronounced with an exclamation intonation, question and exclamation marks are put: What am I hearing ?! What am I hearing ?! Is my teacher and benefactor persecuting me ?!(M. Bulgakov).

2. To indicate the special emotionality of the statement, several exclamation marks can be put: "Go away!!"- suddenly barked blue and shaking general(A. Chekhov).

3. If it is necessary to simultaneously pose a question mark or exclamation mark and ellipses, put desired sign and two points: Desires! .. What is the use of wanting in vain and forever? ..(M. Lermontov).

General information

In russian language 10 punctuation marks. They play an important role, allow you to correctly understand written speech, provide the writer and reader with an unambiguous understanding of the meaning of the statement and the emotional shades of the sentence. In general, without punctuation marks, the text would be a collection of words. They have a varied range of uses. At first glance, it is difficult to understand their formulation, but you can learn this, you just need to know the punctuation rules.

Functions of punctuation marks

1.Sense-distinctive(they help to correctly convey the meaning of the statement; without a punctuation mark, the phrase would remain incomprehensible; it gives an unambiguous meaning to the phrase; without them, the text would be equivalent (equal to) an unclear set of symbols; they help us to make us understand unambiguously)

2.Intonation-expressive(punctuation at the end of a sentence denotes the purpose of the statement (message, question, or motivation for action) and the intonation of speech, since ZP also set emotional accents: admiration, discontent, joy, surprise, etc.).

Types of punctuation marks

1.Completion signs(period, question mark and exclamation mark, ellipsis, combination of signs: question mark with exclamation point; question mark with ellipsis; exclamation mark with ellipsis). The meaning of use: a) help to indicate the completeness, completeness of the phrase, expression; b) unambiguously convey the meaning of the statement (a story about something, a question addressed to someone, an incentive to action), i.e. to indicate intonation, to place emotional accents: admiration, discontent, joy, surprise, etc.

2.Separation marks(comma, colon, semicolon, dash). Meaning of use: helps to place semantic accents on a word or phrase in a sentence.

3.Highlight marks(comma, quotes, brackets, dash). Meaning of use: helps to place semantic accents on a word or phrase in a sentence.

Sample composition

Period and ellipsis are important punctuation marks in writing

Period and ellipsis are important signs of writing. The dot is one of the completion signs, it denotes the intonation of the end of the utterance and is placed at the end of the declarative sentence, which expresses the finished thought. Were it not for this sign, we would not pause between statements, and therefore would not understand where one thought ends and another begins. The dot denotes the intonation of the end. An ellipsis can also end a phrase, but the function of the punctuation mark is different. Arguing on any topic, narrating about something, the author of a speech, it happens, does not dare to express his thought completely, is silent about something. The ellipsis is needed to express this innuendo and reflection. Moreover, it can be combined with both question marks and exclamation marks. In the first case, the author asks about something, in the second he expresses emotions (surprise, joy, etc.). In addition, it happens that this sign is also used inside a sentence when it is quoted
someone's statement is not complete. We put ellipsis in place of the missing words.
Let's look at an excerpt from the text. Drawing his hero, the author describes his speech (sentence number 24), pays particular attention to the voice (sentence number 25), the manner of communicating with people. Having said this, N. Heinze ends his thoughts, which are narrative sentences, so at the end we see dots. Talking about what impression Bersenyev made on those around him, the writer cites as an example the words of some of them: "How can I tell you ... I don't know ... but he is charming." The ellipsis is no coincidence here. With its help, it is emphasized how women think, try to understand what the hero attracted to him. And N. Heinze himself, immersed in his thoughts, wonders what Bersenyev's charm is: "In his mind? .. In his look? .. Or in his voice? .." These questions he, thinking, asks himself, but I am not immediately ready to answer them, and therefore here the ellipsis is combined with a question mark.
So, dot and ellipsis are important signs of writing.

Even from school, many people know the common truth: if a sentence is narrative, then a full stop is always put at the end of it. For reference, recall that intonation sentences are of three types: declarative, exclamatory (at the end, respectively, an exclamation mark) and interrogative (with a question mark at the end).

However, there are some special use cases for the dot. They are all described below.

The point is put:

1. At the end of a declarative sentence, and the composition of the sentence does not matter. Both complete and incomplete sentences if they are not exclamatory or interrogative. For instance:

• The cat basked in the sun. She slept and sniffed peacefully. Stretching sometimes. Sometimes she shuddered in a dream.
• The snow is shiny, bright. Blinds your eyes. You involuntarily have to squint, otherwise it will hurt. It crunches underfoot, and beckons to the snow-white, cold distance.
• He is a poet with true talent. Who is the judge of his talent? Society (Belinsky).

2. In order to make the story more expressive after a series of short sentences that are used in the text to create a big picture or to show a quick change of action. For instance:

• Morning was coming. The strip of the sky was reddened. Dawn was breaking.
• Peter comes out of the tent, surrounded by a crowd of favorites. His eyes are shining. His face is terrible. The movements are fast. He is beautiful, he is all like a storm of God. Goes on. They bring his horse (Pushkin).
• Sky. There are bright stripes in the sky. Fearfully. It is mesmerizing. You wrap yourself up warmer and look up.

3. Before the conjunctions "and", "a", "yes", "but", "however" in cases where they start a new sentence rather than bundling together the parts. For instance:

• I wanted something. But just don't run. And don't scream. And don't cry.
• I wanted to help him, I honestly wanted to. But it just didn’t help.
• My father is a quiet man, but I have no doubt that he will take up arms. And the mother, with her character, will certainly take up arms (Fadeev)

4. At the end of the listing headings, but only in cases where these headings are sufficiently developed in themselves and (or) consist of several sentences. Also, a dot is put in the headings of the enumeration and in cases where the sentences that form these headings already have several punctuation marks inside them. For instance:

• Summarizing all of the above, we can say:

- Two hundred years ago in our Academy of Sciences the theory of the ship was born in the form of L. Euler's two-volume work "Scientia Navalis".

- A few years later, the first essay on structural mechanics appeared in the form of a memoir by the same Euler “Examen des efforts qu’ort à supporter ...”.

- Throughout the 19th century. among the full members of the Academy of Sciences were sailors, and only from 1917 this was abandoned.

[A few more points follow.] (Academician A. N. Krylov).

5. After the sentence serving to enter into that spacious utterance that will follow after it. Often used in constructs like:

• And the following happened.

He entered the room and saw what had happened. He screamed and fell to his knees. He burst into tears like a boy (a detailed narration follows).

FUNCTIONS OF PREPARATION SIGNS

Punctuation - important remedy registration of written speech. Punctuation marks indicate semantic , structural and intonational articulation of speech. It is known that punctuation marks not only organize the written text to facilitate its perception by the reader, but also directly convey part of the information contained in the text. In particular, punctuation sometimes serves as the only affordable means of choice correct interpretation text.

By its functions first of all, the signs are different separating (separating)(period; question mark, exclamation mark, comma, semicolon, colon, dash, ellipsis) and emitting (two commas, two dashes, brackets, quotes).

DOT

An ellipsis can be a "pause" in the deployment of a sentence and can end a sentence.

The ellipsis, along with the general separating function, has a number of specific, varied meanings, which most often reflect the emotional coloring of speech.

Ellipsis conveys innuendo, reticence, interruption of thought, often - its difficulty caused by great emotional stress.

The ellipsis can convey the meaningfulness of what has been said, indicate the subtext, the hidden meaning.

With the help of the ellipsis, the author, as it were, signals the reader about his feelings, impressions, asks to pay attention to the next word or to the previous one, to the written (unexpected or especially important information), conveys the emotion of the hero, etc.

Ellipsis is a punctuation mark in the form of three set by a number of points. In most cases, it denotes an unfinished thought or a pause.

Morphology is a section of grammar that studies parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.) and their forms. Knowledge of the parts of speech in Russian is indispensable.

Firstly, the written literacy of a person depends on the knowledge of the parts of speech, because many spelling rules are based on the ability to determine the part of speech of a particular word. For example, the use of a soft sign at the end of a word after sibilants depends primarily on what part of speech the given word is. If this is a noun of 3 declensions, then "b" is written at the end (daughter, luxury, etc.), and if, for example, it is a short adjective, then "b" is not written (powerful, dense). Or the noun "burn" is written with the vowel "o" after the hissing root, and the verb "burned" - with the vowel "e".

Secondly, knowledge of the parts of speech forms punctuation literacy in a person. For example, such a part of speech as an interjection (oh, ah, well, etc.) is always separated by commas in writing.

Thus, morphology is a very important branch of the science of language.

The point is put:

• at the end of a completed declarative sentence: It was a sunny day.

The dot can be set:

• at the end of an incentive sentence, if it is pronounced without exclamation (Well, go.);
• before the unions and, a, but, however, and others, if they start a new sentence with themselves, that is, the previous sentence is intonationally finished (compare: The downpour lasted for several hours. Buthere the sun shone again. - Showerlasted for several hours, but nowthe sun shone again);
• at the end of a sentence that introduces a further detailed presentation, for example: This is what happened yesterday morning (followed by a detailednarration).

The question mark is put:

• at the end of a simple interrogative sentence ( Aren't you ashamed?);
• at the end of a compound sentence, if the question is contained in both parts of it ( Are you going or should I go alone?) or in one ( He came himself, but where is Natasha?);
• at the end of a complex sentence, if the question is contained in the main sentence ( Is it not clear that the problem was solved correctly?);
• at the end of a non-union sentence if the last part of it contains a direct question (compare: There is only one thing I do not understand: how could she bite you? - How could she bite you - I don't understand).

The exclamation mark is placed at the end of the exclamation point ( Oh, what a girl she was!).

Since sentences pronounced with heightened emotionality become exclamation points, depending on

shade of meaning and from intonation, double punctuation is possible ( What kind of person? - What a man!).

With the equality of a question and an exclamation, there is a combination of two signs - an interrogative and an exclamation ( What is it?).

The ellipsis is placed to denote the incompleteness of the utterance caused by various reasons, to indicate interruptions in speech, to an unexpected transition from one thought to another, etc. ( Listen, let me go ...). An ellipsis is also placed at the end of a quotation, when the quoted sentence is not cited to the end, for example: “ The primary element of literature, Gorky pointed out, is language ...”.

A period is put at the end of a complete narrative sentence.

• From the middle of the sky a month looks.
• The wind turned cold.
• A lead cloud is creeping towards the sun.
• Distant rumbles of thunder are heard.
• A warm wind blows on the grass.
• The room is completely dark.
• The moon disappeared behind the forest.
• The grove sleeps over the dark river.
• We went to the forest and wandered there for a long time.
• Water sparkled all around, rippling barely noticeable on it.
• The dawn was damp and cold.
• Lightning flashes menacingly in the sky, thunder rumbles.
• Children were drinking tea in the kitchen, adults were arguing about something, sitting at the table in the living room.
• It darkened in my eyes, my head began to spin.
• The day before, a small snowball fell, it froze.
• What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an ax.
• What displeases me, he always pleases.
• What goes around comes around.
• That it is not your fault, I have long known well.
• Autumn came, and the cranes moved south.
• The sky was covered with clouds again and rain fell.
• The air breathes with autumn light, and all nature is revived.
• It became completely dark, and the street was gradually empty.
• Neither I sent him a letter, nor he wrote to me.
• Mother decided not to go anywhere, and I didn't want to either.

At the end of an incentive sentence, if it is pronounced without an exclamation, a full stop can be put.

• Grandpa, you should get medical treatment.
• Let me come again.
• Don't teach me.
• Do not lean out the windows on the way.
• Don't lean against this door.
• You should go south, for example, to Sochi.
• Oh, to rest for two hours.
• Send this bummer out of sight, to the village to his grandmother.
• Exactly by one o'clock the children will all be in the wasteland behind the school, in the thickets.
• So, now go quickly and quietly, without looking around.
• In short, children, in the evening, change clothes, comb their hair, wash and sit decorously, as if they were visiting.
• Let the sorcerers fail to fool the faithful.
• If only we can wait for summer.
• I would fly away like a free bird from all of you, from your sleepy faces, from conversations.
• I would rather move to a new apartment.
• Everyone should read this book.
• Of course, I would tell him right away: "Don't rely on me."

A full stop is put in front of unions if they start a new proposal.

• The program is grandiose. And quite real.
• There are lanterns at all corners and burn with full glow. And the windows are lit.
• Lost, apparently, a man. And to wander in the taiga now is a disastrous business ...
• It would be easier for me if he began to scold me. But he was silent and silent.
• We were waiting for a winter with little snow. And they did not guess.
• Osip hoped for the kind-heartedness of the master. However, he miscalculated.
• Both had a favorite spot in the garden: a bench under an old wide maple tree. And now they sat down on this bench.
• A thunderstorm raged over the deserted city. But then the thunderclaps began to subside.
• Such work requires utmost attention. And patience.
• Mom was determined to follow the diet. However, it only survived for two days.
• The girl suddenly laughed. And the boy smiled.
• We agreed to meet in the afternoon. But we met only late in the evening.
• He can't hear me. And I can't hear him.
• A voice rang out. Or did it just seem to me?

A full stop is placed at the end of a sentence that introduces a further detailed presentation.

• The father told the following. A small dog, wet and pitiful, suddenly jumped out onto the road in front of the car. The driver sharply applied the brake, the car spun on the wet asphalt and almost fell into a ditch. Fortunately, everything worked out.
• This is how it happened. The dog chased the kitten and knocked over the wobbly table. Grandma's glasses, which were lying on the table, fell to the floor, one glass cracked, the bow broke off.
• I think I'll do it like this. I will carefully dig out this rose bush and transplant it under the very window. And then the bedroom will smell of roses in the morning.
• After catching his breath a little, Petya told the following. The boat with the guys capsized in the very middle of the river. The children reached the shore by swimming, and the boat was carried away by the current.
• Imagine this picture. Anton runs into the room, accompanied by a huge shaggy watchdog. He spins and jumps, trying to lick the boy in the face. Anton pushes the dog away, falls to the floor and bursts into a loud roar.
• Here's what happened this morning. A titmouse flew into the open window, darted around the room, and then began to beat against the window glass. Petya rushed to save her, stumbled and broke his knee.

In the end simple sentence enclosing a question, a question mark is put.

• Who knocked it?
• What are you writing about?
• Do the Russians want war?
• How is your health?
• What can a short interview bring me comfort?
• Maybe Terkin is in trouble?
• Do you know the Ukrainian night?
• Have you ever lost your way in the forest?
• Where can I go now?
• How should I see Pyotr Petrovich?
• What time is it now?
• What time are you coming?
• What's the date today?
• How mach is this book?
• Where did you come from, Fedor?

A question mark is placed at the end of a compound sentence if the question is contained in one or both of its parts. It should be remembered that if both sentences contain a question and are connected by connecting or separating unions, a comma is not put between them.

• How long did her heart suffer in her, or did the time soon pass for tears?
• Where have you been and who allowed you to come home so late?
• Where is he going and when will he return here?
• What time will we meet and where will you wait for me?
• How did the dog get here and why was the door not closed?
• Why did you say that and what should we do now?
• Will he be able to deal with it or can we do it ourselves?
• Will Masha come to us or will we go to her?
• Will you call the store or should I go there?
• Will Anton wash the dishes or should I ask Katya?
• Will you buy bread or send Dima to the store?
• You will get tired of living with them, and in whom you will not find stains?
• The book is so thick, and how many have you read?
• Someone's footsteps were heard, or was it just my imagination?
• I am guilty before you, but will you ever forgive me?
• It's already April, but when will it finally get warm?
• The room is very large, but will your husband like it?

A question mark is placed at the end of a complex sentence if the question is contained in the main sentence.

• Did any of you understand what they were arguing about?
• Can't you imagine how long it will take to complete this job?
• Who can know how his life will turn out further?
• Don't you remember how he ended up in the attic?
• Is it difficult to understand that children should not listen to such conversations?
• Does any of you know which way is better to go to the church?
• Didn't the children know whose books were on the table?
• And for whom can I take you after you refused to help me destroy the traitor?
• Weren't you scared when smoke poured out of the window?
• Weren't you offended that your work was not appreciated?
• Isn't it strange that you don't remember me at all?
• Isn't it surprising how Oleg responded to my request?

A question mark is placed at the end of a non-union complex sentence if its last part contains a direct question.

• Praises are tempting - how not to wish them?
• I walked and thought: what would all this mean?
• He constantly asked himself: for what, for what such torment?
• And I was driving right now, talking to you, and kept thinking: why don't they shoot?
• He looked in amazement at the old house: did he really live here once?
• Sometimes I think: was it necessary to insist on my own so persistently?
• Here's what I just can't understand: how could this happen?
• I lie and think: how are we going to get out of this mess?
• And what I'm afraid of is this: how can a beast sneak up unnoticed?
• I am sad: where is my dear friend?
• He was worried: how can you shoot an unarmed person?
• I really don't want to sleep: is it really already a quarter to two?
• Seryozhka said nothing: why verbal oaths and assurances?
• Sasha was afraid to approach the cliff: what if you slip?
• Nobody even thought of going to bed: how to miss such a sight?

An exclamation mark is placed at the end of an exclamation (pronounced with increased emotionality) sentence.

• Oh, you don't know the Ukrainian night!
• Divine night!
• An enchanting night!
• And what a sparkling distance!
• What a beautiful and intelligent dog!
• Yes, this is a thunderstorm, a thunderstorm!
• What a wonderful man my father is!
• Oh, how pale you have turned!
• Stand up! Go to your room!
• - Here you go! - moaned the old man, pushing the launch from the shore.
• So that I no longer listen to such conversations!
• Listen everyone! Emergency!
• Here is my crown, the crown of shame!
• How brightly the sun shines and how the birds sing!
• Which beautiful cat and what a white breast he has!
• What a beautiful forest and how quiet everything around!
• How pleasant it is to walk in the garden in the evening and how amazingly jasmine smells!
• What summer it was then and how we loved each other!
• How quiet the evening and how quiet the river!
• What I don’t know, I don’t want to know!
• What happened between us cannot be returned!

An ellipsis is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate an incomplete statement.

• Ah, so you ... - I sang the whole summer without a soul.
• - And besides ... - I thought, - and besides ...
• In the department ... But it's better not to name which department.
• Perhaps I ... No, it’s better for me to remain silent.
• The exhibition features over 50 works by Renoir, Gauguin, Degas, Cézanne, Monet ...
• Dubrovsky was silent ... Suddenly he raised his head ...
• Festivals ... Competitions ... Concerts ...
• Mountains, forests, breadth - there is no end-edge ...
• I have not been in such matters ...
• I will be lost ...
• What a wonderful morning: dew, mushrooms, and birds ...
• The moon calmly shines from a height above the White Church ...
• I can't stand ... my knees are getting weak ... stuffy ...
• His wife ... However, they were completely satisfied with each other.
• Friend Mozart, these tears ...
• In the evening, the hunter Yermolai and I went on a "traction" ...

An ellipsis is placed at the end of a quotation when the quoted sentence is not cited to the end.

• Gorky wrote that "Rudin is both Bakunin and Herzen, and partly Turgenev himself ..."
• About Pushkin, Gogol wrote: "When Pushkin's name immediately dawns on the idea of ​​a Russian national poet ..."
• "There is no doubt, - said Turgenev about Pushkin, - that he created our poetic, our literary language ..."
• I.S. Turgenev said: "There is no happiness outside the homeland ..."
• Chernyshevsky wrote that "art only reminds us with its works of what is interesting for us in life ..."
• "In" Onegin "all parts are organically articulated ..." - wrote Belinsky.
• Speaking in defense of oral speech, A.P. Chekhov wrote: "In fact, for an intelligent person, speaking badly should be considered as indecent as not being able to read and write ..."
• M.V. Lomonosov wrote that "the beauty, splendor, strength and richness of the Russian language is clear enough from books ..."
• "One must be able to use words that most subtly express thoughts ..." - wrote A.A. Fadeev.
• "... The language of every nation is flexible, rich and with all its imperfections ..." - wrote N.G. Chernyshevsky