What analyzes in gynecology are. Routine gynecological tests - important information about women's health

Gynecological tests are a type of diagnosis to determine the state of the organs of the reproductive and reproductive system. An obligatory part of the examination when planning pregnancy or hospitalization. They help to identify STIs, sexually transmitted diseases, pathologies leading to female infertility.

The Women's Medical Center is one of the few clinics in Moscow that has its own laboratory. We carry out more than 2000 analyzes, including hormonal studies, microbiological tests PCR, PAP, ELISA. The results can be discussed with a specialized specialist.

Cost of female tests

• 3 500 R Initial consultation with obstetrician-gynecologist + ultrasound
• 500 R Flora smear
• 300 R Swab sampling
• 1 500 R Bacterial culture with determination of sensitivity to an extended spectrum of antibiotics
• 400 R Diagnosis of a single infection by PCR (qualitative definition)
• 600 R Diagnosis of a single infection by PCR (quantification)
• 1 500 R Oncocytology smear
• 7 000 R Paypel biopsy
• 2 500 R Pap test liquid

What is it for and when to take gynecological tests

Laboratory examination should be carried out not only for pain, discharge, unsuccessful attempts at conception, but also as a preventive measure. Many of the problems considered by gynecology develop latently, without any symptoms. With the help of microbiological tests, it is possible to identify hidden genital infections, inflammation of the appendages, infertility, hormonal disorders that cause disruptions in the menstrual cycle, at an early stage to diagnose the precancerous state of the uterus and endometrium.

They pass gynecological tests after being examined by a doctor who draws up an individual list of studies. Laboratory control is necessary for making a diagnosis, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, monitoring during the prenatal period of pregnancy, therefore, most often the examination is repeated at least 2 times with an interval of 2-4 weeks.

Specialists

Main types of analyzes

The following studies are carried out in our laboratory:

• smear for infection - allows you to determine the composition of the microflora, detect pathogenic microorganisms that cause inflammation;
• bacterial culture - microbiological analysis, during which the degree of activity and interaction of beneficial and "hostile" bacteria, their response to antibiotics is monitored;
• PCR - the study takes place at the cellular level, helps not only to reveal, but also to identify infectious agents;
• PAP test - prescribed for the diagnosis of precancerous changes in the epithelium of the cervix. For women over 30 years old is mandatory;
• cytology / histology - analysis of cells and tissues of biomaterial (smear, scraping, biopsy) aimed at early detection of ovarian, cervical, endometrial cancer;
• hormonal panel - helps to notice violations in the work of hormone-producing, reproductive organs. It is prescribed for women who have problems with their sex life, conception, menstrual cycle.

Venous blood serves as a biomaterial for hormone tests, PCR tests. To diagnose genital infections, a smear or urine is examined by the same method.

How to prepare properly

There are no special training requirements. A woman needs to adhere to the standard rules that usually precede a trip to a gynecologist:

• refrain from sexual relations on the eve of examination;
• conduct a thorough hygiene of the external genital organs with running water;
• you can not douche, put vaginal suppositories.

If you have the results of previous tests on hand, you need to take them with you and show the doctor. It is better to donate blood from a vein in the morning, on an empty stomach, to avoid physical and nervous stress.

By contacting the ILC, you do not have to run from one laboratory to another. Pass all gynecological tests in 1 day in one building. Call us to choose a convenient day for consultation.

A million cases of cancerous lesions of the female reproductive organs are registered annually, 45 thousand cases are in Russia, of which every twentieth is cervical cancer. Regular visits to the gynecologist will help to identify or prevent serious pathology in time. The doctor prescribes an examination of a smear, blood, urine, biopsy (for biopsy). Analyzes in gynecology are taken from the genitals (vagina and its vestibule, cervix, endocervix, urethra).

The main material for diagnosis is a smear.

The indications for examining the female genitals are:

• Complaints of the patient about pain in the lower abdomen of any nature.
• Complicated family history, when in the family there were or are close blood relatives suffering from oncology of the reproductive organs and / or mammary glands, congenital anomalies of the structure of the genital organs.
• Inflammatory processes.
• Too active sex life.
• Soreness with intimacy.
• Bad smell from the genitals.
• Early or late puberty.
• Any violation of the menstrual cycle.
• Out-of-loop selections.
• Identification of genital warts during examination.
• Suspected cancer.
• Not getting pregnant with unprotected sex.
• Established infertility.
• Recurrent miscarriages or stillbirths.
• Planning and preparing for pregnancy.
• Endocrine disorders, dysfunction thyroid gland.
• Desire to become an oocyte donor.
• Preventive examination.
• Period of premenopause.

All women after 45 years, even in the absence of complaints, are recommended to visit a gynecologist every six months for an examination for prevention.

Bacterioscopy

For bacteriological examination, a vaginal smear is taken, which allows to identify pathogenic microflora (bacteria, fungi) and diagnose bacterial vaginosis (changes in the vaginal microflora), vaginitis, candidiasis (thrush), STDs. The pathogen, its type and quantity, as well as the concentration of leukocytes, are found in the smear. The nature of the pathogenic agent is not always determined during bacterioscopy; in this case, other types of diagnostics are prescribed.

Bacterioscopy is indicated not only for diseases, but also during pregnancy or planning, after antibacterial or anticancer therapy.

A few days before the examination, you can not use vaginal tampons, suppositories and other transvaginal drugs, douche, have sexual contact. On the day of sampling, antibacterial, antiseptic gels should not be used for intimate hygiene... You need to wash only with clean water without soap.

The procedure for taking the material is simple and does not cause discomfort: with the help of a special small brush, cells are scraped from the mucous membrane of the vagina and / or canals (cervical or urethral), the instrument is placed in a sterile test tube, and sent to the laboratory.

It takes 3-4 days to get results. But you can take the material in the laboratory where express tests are carried out, then the result is possible on the day of the tests.

Other types of research

Analyzes in gynecology are taken and examined in other ways, besides microscopic, depending on the indications:

Cytology - necessary for diseases of the cervix and cervical canal.Sampling and preparation are the same as for bacterioscopy.

Histology - taking a fragment of the material using a biopsy to establish the type of tissue damage, assess changes, and clarify the diagnosis.Contraindications: pregnancy and menstruation. No preparation required.

Colposcopy - examination of the neck with a colposcope (endoscopic device with multiple magnification). Allows you to identify erosion, atypical degeneration of tissue, inflammation, condylomas, cystic formations.Also performed during pregnancy.

PCR test (polymerase chain reaction) - a highly accurate analysis that allows you to identify any causative agent of STDs.You can examine a smear, blood, urine.

Hormone panel - necessary for reproductive disorders, cycle disorders, miscarriage, problems in sexual development.

Pap test - indicated for the early detection of precancerous conditions of the cervix.

The cost of an examination in medical institutions in Moscow depends on the set of diagnostic procedures and the level of the clinic. At the diagnostic stage, during the treatment process and after it, it is better to take tests in the same laboratory, since the results may vary, depending on the reagents and materials used.

You can get tested in gynecology at the AltraVita clinic in Moscow at an affordable price. The medical center has a laboratory with innovative equipment and the use of high-quality reagents. The results are interpreted by a qualified physician who can be consulted about treatment.

Examination in gynecology

You begin to be tormented by vague doubts that your hormonal background is not in order: hair in the wrong places, an irregular cycle, an enlarged thyroid gland, weight changes, oily skin, etc. I do not want to think that this may be an age variant of the norm, a consequence stress, the result of improper diet and lifestyle, hereditary trait. I would like to find the culprit - the wrong hormone - and fight him with a pill. Take a pill and forget the problems. Of course, this is much easier than sticking to a diet or playing sports or regularly visiting a beautician, etc. Those hormones are given that are made in the nearest accessible laboratory - a certain random set of indicators without taking into account the day of the cycle and daily biorhythms. If the analysis for hormones turns out to be normal, bewilderment arises - what is the matter then? Questions from the series "I checked everything - everything is fine, what should I do?"

In fact, all analyzes require clear indications. For each clinical situation, there is a specific examination plan, which includes a set of tests - in a specific order, subject to certain conditions. Only then the results of these tests will really help your doctor, otherwise he will put aside all the papers you brought and write a new list, and you will worry about the wasted time, money and blood (in the literal sense of the word).

In addition, each doctor during his work, receiving the results of analyzes made in different laboratories, and comparing them with what he sees - with complaints, with the results of treatment - draws a conclusion about the reliability of some laboratories. And about the unreliability of most others. Naturally, a real doctor cannot prescribe treatment based on unreliable analyzes and no one knows what to treat. And precisely because the attending physician, and not the laboratory, bears the responsibility for the patient's health, a decent attending physician sends them to those laboratories whose results he trusts. Of course, it is difficult to distinguish this motive from a simple desire to make money on analyzes, and here the question is about personal trust in the attending physician. And if you trust him, know that such behavior is more often still in your interests. Therefore, it is always better not to knock around the laboratories and take the tests yourself, and then come to the doctor with a bundle of papers; and first find His Attending Physician, who will already write a list of tests that he considers necessary, and a list of laboratories where he advises to pass these tests. The examination algorithms given below are given for a reference point, for an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat needs to be done in a given situation, so that you know where to run if your doctor is not yet and no one really tells you anything. But no algorithm is a dogma and cannot take precedence over the individual prescriptions of a personal attending physician.

And of course, this is just an examination algorithm, and not a guide to self-diagnosis and self-medication. Only a doctor can interpret all received analyzes.

So, the survey algorithms required in the following situations:

I just want to pass "for hormones" (determination of hormonal status)

1. On the 5-7th day of the cycle (1 day of menstruation - 1 day of the cycle) the following hormones: LH, FSH, estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, DHEA-S, DHEA, cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, TSH and free T4.

Stress hormones: prolactin, cortisol, LH - may be elevated not due to hormonal diseases, but due to chronic or acute (going to the hospital and donating blood from a vein) stress. They need to be retaken. For the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia, for example, a threefold measurement of the elevated prolactin level is necessary.

2. Progesterone it makes sense to take only in the middle of the second phase of the menstrual cycle. After 3-5 days of steady rise basal temperature, with an ultrasound picture of the second phase (yellow body in the ovary and mature endometrium), progesterone can be taken (with a regular 28-30 day cycle - on days 20-23).

All hormones are taken strictly on an empty stomach, like any blood tests.

If it is not possible to donate the necessary hormones on the right days of the cycle, it is better not to donate at all than to donate on other days of the cycle. The analysis will be completely uninformative.

Delayed menstruation

1. Home pregnancy test

In the morning urine portion, it is indicative only from the first day of the delay. False negative results are more common than false positives.

If negative:

2.Ultrasound with a vaginal probe

If ultrasound is a picture of the mature second phase of the cycle (thick mature endometrium, corpus luteum in the ovary):

3. Blood on beta-hCG

If negative - wait for menstruation, it will be soon.

If in doubt - retake in 48 hours. With a developing uterine pregnancy, the indicator will double.

If there is no picture of the second phase on the ultrasound, then this is not pregnancy, and menstruation is far away. This is ovarian dysfunction, you have to go to the gynecologist with it and figure out whether to wait or help with vitamins, herbs, hormones, etc.

If a home pregnancy test is positive, an ultrasound with a vaginal probe still needs to be done to understand the location of the pregnancy (uterine or out-) and its viability (heartbeat present / not). When the test is positive, pregnancy is always visible on the ultrasound with a vaginal sensor. Palpitations are visible from 5 weeks (from 1 day of the last menstruation with a regular cycle). Frequent ultrasound scans at any stage of pregnancy, including early pregnancy, are absolutely harmless. Extra days spent with an undiagnosed ectopic or frozen pregnancy are much more dangerous.

Lack of menses for several months, irregular cycle

2. After excluding pregnancy - determination of hormonal status ()

3. Computer or magnetic resonance imaging of the sella turcica (exclusion of a pituitary tumor)

Selection of hormonal contraception

1. Biochemical analysis blood with an emphasis on the lipid spectrum (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides), fasting glucose, liver parameters (total bilirubin, direct, total protein, albumin, AlAT, AsAT, gammaGT)

2. Hemostasiogram and coagulogram (blood coagulation parameters: fibrinogen, prothrombin index, APTT, AVP, thrombotic potential index, level of platelet aggregation, fibrin degradation products.)

3. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs 2 times per cycle - after menstruation and before the next menstruation. Assessment of follicle growth, endometrium, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and endometrial maturation. An exception possible diseases small pelvis diagnosed by ultrasound. Vaginal probe only.

5. Examination by a therapist, control of blood pressure and veins.

Preparing for a planned pregnancy (first or subsequent)

0. Spermogram. Desirable, although not required at the beginning of planning. This is done not so much to assess fertility as to determine the quality of spermatozoa (the number of pathological forms, for example) and to identify a latent inflammatory process (a much more informative analysis than any smears and PCR).

1. Going to the dentist, therapist, ENT (treatment of chronic tonsillitis is very important!)

2. Examination by a gynecologist, colposcopy

3. Blood group, Rh factor in both spouses

If a woman has a positive Rh factor, there is no problem.

If the woman has a negative Rh factor - antibodies to the Rh factor (even if the man is also negative).

If they are positive, pregnancy is not currently possible, it needs to be corrected.

If negative, repeat this test once a month, starting at 8 weeks of pregnancy.

If a woman has 1 group, and a man has any other, incompatibility by blood groups is possible. The analysis for group antibodies, like the analysis for antibodies to the Rh factor, is carried out once a month, starting at 8 weeks of pregnancy.

4. TORCH-complex. Antibodies to rubella, toxoplasma, herpes, CMV, chlamydia - quantitative analysis (with a titer). The presence of IgG antibodies means immunity to these infections, and is not an obstacle to pregnancy. The presence of IgM means acute stage, planning in this case should be postponed until recovery. If there are no IgG antibodies to rubella, it is necessary to be vaccinated and after that it should be protected for another 3 months. Do not ask your parents if you have had rubella, it is impossible to know for sure - it can proceed under the guise of acute respiratory infections and vice versa. Only a blood test for antibodies can give accurate information.

5. Tests for infections: regular smear, PCR for latent infections - in both.

7. Basal temperature graph. From 6 to 8 am, at the same time, without getting out of bed, with a mercury thermometer for 5 minutes in the rectum. All deviations from this regime and special circumstances (medications, ailments, sleep disorders, menstruation, sex life, stool disorders, etc.) should be noted in a special column.

8. Hormones - adrenal androgens and characterizing the state of the thyroid gland. DHEA sulfate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, TSH, free T4, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase. Any day of the cycle.

9. Hemostasiogram, coagulogram ()

10. Determination of lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to chorionic gonadotropin, antibodies to phospholipids - factors of early miscarriage.

11. General clinical analysis blood (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, ESR, color index, leukocyte formula). Blood from a finger.

12. General analysis urine (the morning urine portion is completely collected, while it is important that discharge from neighboring organs does not get into the analysis).

Pregnancy

From the moment of establishment (test, blood test), then once a trimester is required, once every 4-6 weeks, preferably, in case of violations - 2 weeks after the correction.

1. Ultrasound. Establishment of uterine developing (heartbeat +) pregnancy. Control of development, compliance with terms, exclusion of malformations, placental insufficiency, the threat of miscarriage. After 8 weeks - with a conventional sensor. Not harmful.

2. General clinical blood test ()

4. Analysis of urine according to Nechiporenko, if there are doubts about the general analysis.

At the same time, the average portion of morning urine is collected in the jar.

6. Lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to phospholipids, to hCG.

7. Antibodies to rubella, toxoplasma (if you have not yet taken it), herpes, CMV (in any case)

8. Antibodies to Rh and group antibodies in case of incompatibility, starting from 8 weeks.

9. Daily urine at 17-KS.

17-ketosteroids are metabolic products of male sex hormones. This analysis allows you to assess the total level of all male hormones per day. This is its advantage over a blood test for individual hormones, which determines the level of individual hormones at a certain time and thus is less sensitive. Daily urine at 17-KS allows you to catch any fluctuations per day of any male hormones. Although this analysis is older and less convenient, it is no less informative.

3 days before collection and on the day of collection, coloring foods (yellow, orange, red) are excluded from food: carrots, beets, red apples, citrus fruits (all including juices, salads, sauces, soups, etc.), vitamins. Otherwise, the indicator will be overestimated.

On collection day, the first morning urine is not collected. Further, all day, all night and the first morning portion of the next day (at the same time as the day before, that is, so that exactly 24 hours pass between the two morning portions) - are collected in one large container. Further, the volume of daily urine is carefully measured with a measuring cup (the accuracy of the analysis depends on the accuracy of the volume) and is recorded on a piece of paper along with the full name. The contents of the container are mixed and poured into a small jar, like a normal urinalysis. The 17-KS level will be recalculated for the total daily volume indicated on the piece of paper.

If it is available in your laboratory - blood for DHEA-S and 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

10. Tests for infections - smear and PCR (cm)

11. TTG, St. T4, antibodies to TPO - the state of the thyroid gland.

At 15-16 weeks additionally:

1. Markers of some defects and placental insufficiency: AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), free estriol, beta-hCG and 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

The analyzes are interpreted in combination with each other and with the ultrasound data, the real deviations are changes several times compared to the norm. The significance of these parameters is indirect. In case of unfavorable and questionable indicators + the presence of risk factors (age, genetics, history, etc.), according to indications - amniocentesis or cordocentesis - fetal cells are taken for chromosomal analysis. This is the same study for accurate sex determination.

2. Ultrasound with a vaginal probe to determine the length of the closed part of the cervix - diagnostics of isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

In the second and third trimester

If there are signs of possible placental insufficiency, delayed development of the intrauterine fetus, according to indications - dopplerometry (a type of ultrasound to determine the degree of blood flow).

From 33 weeks

CTG (cardiotocography) - determination of the state of the fetus by the analysis of its cardiac activity and motor activity. The only study that allows you to determine the condition of the fetus, and not the maternal organism. You should not come to CTG on an empty stomach, in a normal well-fed and vigorous state, because during the child's sleep, the indicators will be underestimated, and you will have to extend the study time (normally 40-60 minutes).

Examination after a frozen, interrupted pregnancy

2. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs with a vaginal probe ()

3. Measurement of basal temperature ()

4. Determination of hormonal status ()

5. Hemostasiogram, coagulogram ()

6. Determination of lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to chorionic gonadotropin, antibodies to phospholipids.

8. Tests for infections: regular smear, PCR for latent infections. (cm)

9. Hysterosalpingography - check for patency fallopian tubes.

It is done on days 18-21 of the regular menstrual cycle (in the middle of the second phase). The entire cycle in which the GHA is done, from the very beginning, it is necessary to strictly protect oneself and not to hope that since nothing has worked out so far, then it will not work any further. X-ray of the uterus on early dates pregnancy - absolute reading to interrupt it. Three days before the GHA, you need to prepare for it - no-shpa, valerian; on the eve to do an enema, in the morning - a light breakfast. Prepare for the sensation of menstruation.

10. Determination of antisperm antibodies in semen (MAR test), cervical fluid (during ovulation), if necessary, in blood, postcoital test.

11. Laparoscopy. To exclude endometriosis, accurately check the patency of the tubes, diagnose unexplained infertility - a combination of diagnosis and treatment. Better to carry out in the first phase of the cycle. General anesthesia.

1. Gram smear on flora

2. Bacteriological examination - culture with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics

4. Determination of markers of hepatitis, HIV infection, syphilis (PB, HIV, HbSAg, anti-HCV)

If not:

6. Taking anamnesis - itching in other parts of the body, pruritus (lymphomas, multiple myeloma, diabetes, thyroid gland pathology, scabies, neurodermatitis, urticaria, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney pathology, drug exposure, drugs), what means help

7. General clinical blood test (anemia, blood diseases, allergies, helminthic invasion)

8. Determination of fasting blood glucose (blood sugar)

9. General urine analysis (infection, sugar, salt)

10. Examination by a gynecologist and dermatovenerologist, scraping and microscopy (contact dermatitis, scabies, head lice, urticaria, lichen planus, trauma /, herpes, papilloma, mycoses)

2. Detailed biochemical blood test ()

3. General clinical blood test ()

4. Analysis of hair for mineral composition

Overweight or underweight

1. Determination of hormonal status ()

2. Biochemical blood test with an emphasis on the lipid spectrum (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides), fasting glucose, liver parameters (total bilirubin, direct, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, gammaHT), as well as test on glucose tolerance.

Checking the condition of the thyroid gland(unfavorable heredity, suspicions of thyroid pathology, abnormalities in the TSH and St. T4 analyzes)

1. Transfer hormones TSH, free T4 and free T3

2. Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin

3. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

(The main one of these tests is the first one. In case of undisturbed thyroid hormonal function, the very presence of antibodies or ultrasound signs of thyroiditis are not indications for treatment).

Pain, engorgement, lump in the mammary glands, nipple discharge

1. Breast ultrasound (if you are under 35) or mammography if older.

2. Determination of hormonal status ()

3. When re elevated level prolactin cT scan (or better, magnetic resonance imaging) of the skull (area of \u200b\u200bthe sella turcica) to exclude the pathology of the pituitary gland. Radiography of the sella turcica is not very informative and cannot replace MRI.

4. Consultation with a mammologist

Climax - soon or already, selection substitution therapy menopause, control of its effectiveness

1. Determination of hormonal status (). The test for menopause is an increase in FSH levels.

2. Biochemical blood test with an emphasis on the lipid spectrum (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides), fasting glucose, liver parameters (total bilirubin, direct, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, gammaHT) and kidney (urea, residual nitrogen, creatinine).

3. Test for glucose tolerance.

4. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs with a vaginal probe ().

5. Examination by a therapist, blood pressure control.

6. General clinical blood test ()

7. Hemostasiogram and coagulogram ()

8. Mammography

9. Screening for osteoporosis:

Two-photon densitometry or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Determination of markers of bone remodeling in the blood: hydroxyproline, pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, N-body-peptide-NTX, bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin.

Determination of the content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood is not informative, as well as radiography of bones.

Endometriosis

1. Ultrasound with a vaginal probe on the eve of menstruation. This is how endometrioid ovarian cysts and internal endometriosis of the uterus (adenomyosis) are diagnosed. For differential diagnosis with other ovarian cysts, a second ultrasound is necessary.

2. Hysteroscopy - to confirm adenomyosis.

3. Laparoscopy - for the diagnosis (and immediately treatment) of external genital endometriosis of the peritoneum.

Ovarian cysts, tumors, formations

1. Repeated ultrasound. Functional cysts go away on their own within 3-4 months.

2. Tumor markers (CA-125, CA-19, etc.). The analysis is nonspecific, only a sharp increase in indicators is significant by several times. They will also be increased with functional ovarian cysts.

3. Determination of hormonal status ().

The last item in all algorithms is doctor's consultation and his interpretation of the results. Further examination and treatment tactics depend on the results of the basic algorithm.

Gynecological tests for hormones are prescribed for violations of the reproductive system, weight gain, deterioration skin and hair, problems with the mammary glands, pregnancy.

Tests for hormones in gynecology help diagnose pathologies, determine the state of the physiological systems of the body and individual organs. Everything laboratory tests are prescribed by a doctor according to the clinical situation and must comply with the plan of medical examinations.

Reasons for passing gynecological tests for hormones

The analysis must be taken at a certain phase or day of the cycle and prepared in a special way in order to obtain the most reliable results.

Control of hormonal balance in gynecology must be done not only for preventive purposes. It helps to monitor the development of the genitals, age-related changes in the ovaries. Monitor the woman's condition during pregnancy and after childbirth.

Violation of the concentration of hormones has causes and symptoms of deviation. Crashes in endocrine system need to be identified and treated in a timely manner, they cause serious diseases, the list of which is impressive.

What hormones are being investigated

To work the glands internal secretion influenced by numerous external factors - food, physical exercise, overwork, daily routine, stress, alcohol, smoking.

It is impossible not to take into account abortions, sexually transmitted diseases, low immunity, frequent tonsillitis, acute viral respiratory infections, pathology of the endocrine system.

Taking into account the patient's lifestyle, internal factors, the gynecologist may prescribe to be tested for hormones , to determine the state of the organs of the reproductive system and adjust their functionality.

Most reproductive health problems in women are associated with hormonal imbalance, in this case, the analysis for hormones in gynecology will give an exhaustive answer. Main group active substances, which are being investigated, are thyroid-stimulating and other pituitary hormones, sex hormones:

• luteinizing hormone (LH);
• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
• progesterone;
• testosterone;
• chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Features of the analysis and preparation for laboratory research

The doctor directs to determine the concentration of a specific sex hormone, taking into account the day of the cycle, the date of onset of ovulation .

Before being sent for analysis, the gynecologist conducts a thorough examination of the patient, talks with her, then decides on the need to determine the concentration of one or another active substance:

They are tested for hormones in a specialized laboratory. Preparation for gynecological analyzes for hormones involves the implementation of the rules:

• Venous blood sampling for gynecological hormone tests is done on an empty stomach.
• It is necessary to donate blood for analysis in the morning. The level of active substances fluctuates during the day, the "morning" value of the active substances is considered the most accurate.
• Be sure to take into account the doctor's recommendation on which day of the cycle to take the analysis.
• Exclude active loads before testing.
• The day before blood sampling, it is unacceptable to smoke and drink alcohol.
• Ask your doctor for how many days you need to refrain from intimacy.
• Stop using hormonal drugs a week before the tests.

Deviation from the norm

The doctor should do the decoding of gynecological tests for hormones, which sent for laboratory research. A deviation in the concentration of a substance indicates certain pathologies:

1. LH ensures the normal functioning of the female reproductive system. Its high content is associated with hypofunction or polycystic ovaries, early menopause... Injuries, tumors, unbalanced nutrition, physical overload cause a decrease in the amount of the substance.
2. FSH is responsible for the secretion of estrogen and ovarian health. Delayed puberty, inflammation in the genitals, frigidity, infertility, indicate a lack of this hormone.
3. Estradiol is the main sex hormone in women. During menopause, its amount drops sharply. The lack of this substance in women of childbearing age causes disorders of the uterine cycle, dysfunction of the uterus, fallopian tubes, deviations in the development of the genitals.
4. Prolactin is responsible for the functioning of the mammary glands, ensures their formation and growth in girls, and stimulates lactation in women in labor. A high content of this substance indicates ovarian dysfunction, autoimmune pathologies, thyroid pathology.

Increased prolactin levels are associated with stress, trauma in the area chest, avitaminosis, renal failure... occurs after abortion. An excess of the substance provokes malfunctions of the uterine cycle, infertility, the formation of cysts, malignant tumors in the mammary glands, frigidity.

A decreased level of prolactin is recorded in post-term pregnancy, due to the intake of certain pharmaceutical drugs.

1. High levels of testosterone (the main sex hormone in men) cause skin problems. The norm for women of childbearing age is only 0.290-1.67 nmol / l. But to study the hormonal status, the testosterone concentration must be determined. Deviations from normal values \u200b\u200bcan be the cause of reproductive disorders in a woman.
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and is responsible for the full functioning of the thyroid gland. The level of sex hormones depends on the amount of this substance. Exchange processes in a woman's body, which controls the thyroid gland, provide the possibility of conceiving and carrying a child.
3. Progesterone is a hormone of pregnancy, its normal course depends on it. In non-pregnant women, its high content provokes excess weight..

There are many gynecological hormone tests. It is not always necessary to assign everything. The doctor, after clarifying the clinical picture, makes a referral. To obtain reliable results, it is important to adhere to the rules of preparation for laboratory research... For the appointment and decoding of analyzes, contact only qualified specialists.