Salbutamol inhaler instructions for use. Salbutamol: instructions for use and what it is for, price, reviews, analogues

In bronchial asthma, rapid relief of attacks is important, especially in children. Therefore, doctors often prescribe Salbutamol as a bronchodilator. However, its use by children has a number of features.

Release form

"Salbutamol" is most often produced in the form of an aerosol for inhalation. A metal inhaler with a metering valve is sold in pharmacies. This is the most popular form of Salbutomol because it is very convenient for continuous use outside the home or medical institution... The inhaler is designed for 200 doses.

Also in pharmacies are sold tablets "Salbuomol" 2 and 4 mg and prolonged action - 4 and 8 mg. Smaller dosages are used in children. In addition, capsules with powder for inhalation and solutions for injection in ampoules of 2 ml are produced.

One form of release is salbutamol syrup. The syrup is sold in 100 ml bottles and is a viscous liquid with a lemon scent.

Composition

The main active component of all drugs is salbutomol sulfate, which is a white crystalline powder that dissolves well in water. It belongs to beta-adrenostimulants - substances that can affect the course of many processes in the human body.

The syrup with salbatomol also contains auxiliary components: stabilizers, citric acid to add taste and smell, sucrose, ethanol, and purified water.

In pharmacies, there are combined syrups containing salbutamol. For example, "Ascoril" also contains mucolytics, bromhexine and guaifenesin. The three active ingredients complement each other to promote a quick cough recovery.

You need to understand that such a syrup will not help with angina and others inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx.

Operating principle

"Salbutomol" has an effect on beta2-adrenergic receptors located in the bronchi and blood vessels, relieves spasm and increases the amount of oxygen that a person can inhale.

During a spasm, this parameter is sharply reduced, the amount of oxygen entering the blood decreases, from which everyone suffers internal organs and systems, including the brain and heart. After using the inhaler, the effect is achieved within 5 minutes.The action of "Salbutamol" lasts up to 3-5 hours. During this period, recurrence of attacks is unlikely.

The negative consequences of taking "Salbutamol" include its ability to lower the potassium content in plasma. However, in the recommended doses, it does not harm the cardiovascular system.

It is important that "Salbutamol" does not accumulate in the lungs and is excreted through the gastrointestinal tract and in the urine.

Indications

The main indications for the use of "Salbutamol" in children - various forms bronchial asthma... The drug helps to eliminate an attack with severe, moderate or mild, as well as cough forms of the disease.

Also "Salbutomol" is able to prevent bronchospasm in a short period of time after contact with an allergen. For example, if the child inhaled some substance (eau de toilette, perfume, paint), then quick application the inhaler will prevent bronchospasm from developing.

"Salbutomol" is recommended for use before the upcoming physical activity: jogging, walking a year, climbing stairs. It is important to ensure that when using "Salbutamol" as needed, the child does not exceed the maximum daily dosage.

"Salbutomol" is prescribed on a regular basis as one of the components of comprehensive support for children with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. "Salbutomol" is also effectively used in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis.

Salbutomol-based syrup helps children with severe coughs.

At what age is it prescribed?

According to the instructions for the use of "Salbutomol" syrup is not prescribed for children under 2 years old, and inhalers - up to 4 years old. Small children 3-4 years old are not always able to use the inhaler correctly, so they are advised to use special devices.

Contraindications

In case of individual hypersensitivity to the drug, treatment with "Salbutomol" is contraindicated for the child. Sometimes the medicine is allowed to be used in children with heart diseases, for example, severe heart failure, high blood pressure.

Side effects

With frequent use of "Salbutomol" children may feel pain and dizzy, tremors and convulsions may appear. If a child uses an inhaler, cough and dry mouth are signs of side effects. In rare cases, various skin reactions occur - dermatitis, rashes, itching.

Blood and urine tests reveal such side effects "Salbutomol" as hyperglycemia - an increase in blood glucose levels, hypokalemia - a lack of potassium in the blood, and elevated level leukocytes. In rare cases, "Salbutomol" becomes the cause of paradoxical bronchospasm.

Instructions for use

The dosage depends on the age of the patient and the purpose of use. So, if it is necessary to stop an attack, children under 12 years old need one dose of inhalation, over 12 years old - two doses or 200 μg of the drug. The number of doses can be increased during severe attack... Before physical exertion or after contact with an allergen - two inhalations.

Children under 12 years of age can do no more than two inhalations at the same time, the exception is only in rare cases, if the course of the attack is severe. Children over 12 years old can use up to 3-4 inhalations simultaneously. Adults are not allowed to do more than 12 inhalations per day, children under 12 years old - more than 8.

Overdose

It manifests itself with the same symptoms as with side effectsbut more acutely. Heart palpitations, tremors of the hands and head, hyperresponsiveness should attract the attention of parents. During the examination, there are also changes in blood tests - the potassium content is less than normal, and the glucose is more.

If an overdose has occurred, you need to apply for medical help, with the attending physician to resolve the issue of canceling treatment, and with the child, especially at the age of 3-4 years, to instruct on the frequency of use of the inhaler.

Interaction with other drugs

Clinical trials show that salbutomol preparations can interfere with the action of other drugs, for example, enhance the effect of stimulants.

Simultaneous reception with antidepressants can be dangerous, as it leads to a sharp decrease in pressure, up to loss of consciousness. The action of "Salbutomol" is enhanced by diuretics and Berodual.

Terms of sale and storage

"Salbutomol" is dispensed in pharmacies only by prescription.

It is necessary to store preparations based on salbutomold at an air temperature not higher than 30 C. Do not freeze or leave them in the sun. The shelf life is 2 years. The inhaler cannot be disassembled.

Instructions for medical use drug

Salbutamol

Tradename

Salbutamol

International non-proprietary name

Salbutamol

Dosage form

Aerosol for inhalation, metered, 100 mcg / dose, 200 doses

Composition

One dose contains

active substance - salbutamol sulfate 120.5 mcg (equivalent to salbutamol 100 mcg),

excipient - 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (propellant HFA-134a), ozone friendly.

Description

Homogeneous suspension of white or almost white color.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Drugs for the treatment of obstructive diseases respiratory tract... Inhalation sympathomimetics. Beta 2 -selective adrenostimulants. Salbutamol.

ATX code R03AC02

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

When using aerosol, from 10 to 20% of the dose taken reaches the lower respiratory tract, where it is adsorbed lung tissue and penetrates into the vessels of the lungs, but is not metabolized here. The remaining part remains in the delivery device or settles in the oropharynx with further ingestion of the drug.

Maximum plasma concentrations are reached after 2-4 hours.

Plasma protein binding is 10%.

When the thresholds are reached by the circulatory system, salbutamol is metabolized by the hepatic mechanism and is excreted mainly in the urine as an unchanged product and phenol sulfate.

Salbutamol is metabolized during the first passage through the liver and, in connection with the ingestion of small amounts during inhalation, in the intestinal wall; the main metabolite is an inactive sulfate conjugate, which are excreted in the urine.

T ½ salbutamol at intravenous administration is 4-6 hours. Salbutamol is rapidly excreted in the urine as an inactive metabolite of 4'-O-sulfate and an unchanged substance; in small quantities excreted in the feces. Most of taken salbutamol is excreted from the body within 72 hours. Salbutamol does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Pharmacodynamics

Salbutamol is a selective β 2 -adrenoceptor agonist. AT therapeutic doses stimulates β 2 -adrenergic receptors of the muscles of the bronchi, providing a bronchodilator effect.

Salbutamol has a short duration of action (4 to 6 hours) and a rapid onset of action (about 5 minutes from the moment of application).

Children

Clinical studies performed in children under 4 years of age have shown a similar safety profile compared to older children, adolescents and adults.

Indications for use

- relief and prevention of the development of bronchospasm in patients with reversible airway obstruction (asthma, chronical bronchitis, emphysema)

To relieve or prevent symptoms of an asthma attack before contact with a known trigger (allergen). Bronchodilators should not be the only or main component of bronchial asthma therapy. If a patient with asthma does not respond to salbutamol therapy, it is recommended to use inhaled GCS to achieve and maintain control of symptoms. Insufficient response to salbutamol therapy may be a signal for urgent medical intervention / therapy.

Method of administration and dosage

Salbutamol aerosol is used only for inhalation by inhalation of the aerosol through the mouth.

An increase in the need for taking β 2 -agonists may indicate a worsening of the course of asthma. In such cases, it is recommended to re-evaluate the therapy and consider the possibility of additional administration of GCS.

Due to the risk of occurrence adverse reactions if the recommended doses are exceeded, the frequency of administration and the doses used should be increased only as prescribed by the doctor.

Pduration of actiondrug Calbutamol in most patientsis4-6 hours

Individuals who have difficulty in coordinating inhalation and release of medication from the inhaler can use Salbutamol using a device in the form of a spacer.

The need for taking the drug should not exceed 4 times a day (800 mg). A sudden increase in the need for the drug indicates a worsening of the course of asthma.

Cupping acute attack bronchospasm

Adults:from 100 mcg to 200 mcg of the drug Salbutamol once.

Children: 100 mcg once. If necessary, the dose can be increased to 200 mcg.

Warning exercise-induced bronchospasm or allergic etiology

Adults:200 mcg to physical activity or anticipated exposure to an allergen

Children: 100 mcg prior to exercise or anticipated exposure to an allergen. If necessary, the dose can be increased to 200 mcg.

Long-term maintenance therapy i

Adults and children 100-200 mcg of the drug 4 times a day.

The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician.

Instructions for using the inhaler

The effect of the drug may be weakened if the inhaler is cold. When cooling the cartridge, it is recommended to take it out of the plastic case and warm it up with your hands for a few minutes. Can not be disassembled, punctured or thrown into fire, even if empty.

Checking the health of the inhaler

Before using the inhaler for the first time, carefully remove the lid from the mouthpiece, shake the inhaler vigorously and spray two doses of the drug into the air to make sure the device is working properly. If the inhaler has not been used for 5 days or more, shake it well and spray two doses of the drug into the air to make sure it is working properly.

Using the inhaler

1. Remove the protective cap from the inhaler mouthpiece. Check the inside and outside of the inhaler, including the mouthpiece, for cleanliness and dryness, and for loose parts of the device.

2. Shake the inhaler vigorously to mix the contents of the inhaler evenly and to remove any loose parts from the surface of the device.

3. Place the inhaler vertically between your thumb and forefinger, placing your thumb on the base, below the mouthpiece.

4. Make a deep (as much as possible) exhalation. Then place the mouthpiece between your teeth (without biting it) and wrap your lips tightly.

5. Take a deep breath through your mouth. Continuing to take a deep breath, press upper part inhaler.

6. Hold your breath, remove the inhaler from your mouth and remove your index finger from the top of the inhaler. Continue holding your breath as much as possible.

7. If it is necessary to continue inhalation, you should wait about half a minute, holding the inhaler vertically, and then repeat steps 2 through 6.

8. After inhalation, carefully put the dust cap on the mouthpiece.

Attention

Take your time when performing the actions specified in paragraphs 4, 5 and 6. It is important that the inhaler is pressed at the beginning of a calm, deep breath. To be sure that the inhalation is performed correctly, you must first monitor the way you take the medicine in front of a mirror. The "haze" that appears during inhalation from the inhaler, lips or nose indicates an incorrect inhalation technique and it is necessary again, starting from point 2, to practice using the inhaler.

If your doctor has given you any other advice on how to use the drug, follow your doctor's advice. Inform your doctor about any difficulties in taking the drug.

Cleaning the inhaler

The inhaler should be cleaned at least once a week.

1. Remove the metal container from the plastic housing of the inhaler and remove the mouthpiece cover.

2. Rinse the nebulizer with warm running water.

3. Thoroughly dry the inside and outside of the spray.

4. Replace the container and mouthpiece lid.

DO NOT LET THE METAL CONTAINER INTO WATER.

Side effects

Very often (\u003e 1/10), often (\u003e 1/100,<1/10), нечасто (>1/1,000, <1/100), редко (>1/10,000, <1/1,000), очень редко (<1/10,000).

Often

Tremor, headache

Tachycardia

Infrequently

Irritation of the oral mucosa and pharynx

Feeling of heartbeat

Muscle cramps

Seldom

Hypokalemia (β 2 -agonist therapy can lead to severe hypokalemia)

Expansion of peripheral vessels

Very rarely

Hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension, collapse

Paradoxical bronchospasm

Lactic acidosis (in patients receiving salbutamol by intravenous injection and by means of a nebulizer for the treatment of exacerbations of bronchial asthma)

Hyperactivity

Arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, and premature beats

The provision of data on the expected adverse reactions of the drug is very important, allowing continuous monitoring of the risk / benefit ratio of the drug. Health-care workers should be provided with information on any suspected adverse reactions through the contacts listed at the end of the instructions for use and through the national information collection system.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to any component of the drug

Premature birth

Threatened abortion

Forms of release of salbutamol, not intended for intravenous administration, should not be used to terminate premature birth and threatened miscarriage.

Drug interactions

Salbutamol is not contraindicated in patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

special instructions

For children under 4 years old, Salbutamol is used through a spacer.

Asthma is usually treated in stages, and the patient's response should be monitored clinically and by pulmonary function tests.

An increased need for β 2 -agonists may indicate worsening asthma control. In such cases, the patient's treatment plan should be reviewed.

A sudden and progressive worsening of bronchial asthma can pose a threat to the patient's life, therefore, in such situations, it is urgent to decide on the appointment or increase in the dose of glucocorticosteroids. In these patients, daily monitoring of peak expiratory flow is recommended.

The drug is used with caution in patients with thyrotoxicosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia, tachyarrhythmia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Patients with cardiovascular diseases, including a history of, for example, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia or severe heart failure, when prescribing salbutamol, should be warned about compulsory medical attention in case of chest pain or other symptoms of exacerbation of cardiovascular vascular disease. Symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain should be carefully evaluated as they can result from both cardiovascular and bronchopulmonary dysfunction.

Therapy with β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists, especially when administered parenterally or with a nebulizer, can lead to hypokalemia. It is recommended to exercise special caution in the treatment of severe attacks of bronchial asthma, since in these cases hypokalemia can be exacerbated by the simultaneous use of xanthine derivatives, glucocorticosteroids, diuretics, and also due to hypoxia. In such situations, it is necessary to monitor the level of potassium in the blood serum.

As with the use of other inhaled drugs, paradoxical bronchospasm may develop as a result of spasm immediately after the dose is administered. When paradoxical bronchospasm occurs, immediate relief is required with an alternative drug or a fast-acting inhaled bronchodilator from another pharmacological group. You should immediately stop treatment with this form of Salbutamol, and, if necessary, prescribe other fast-acting bronchodilators for further use.

If the effect of the usual dose of the drug Salbutamol becomes less effective or less prolonged (the effect of the drug must persist for at least 3 hours), the patient should consult a doctor.

The clinician must ensure that the inhaler is being used correctly by the patient and that the device is operated and inhaled for optimal drug delivery to the lungs.

Salbutamol should be used with caution in patients who have already taken high doses of other sympathomimetics.

Like other beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, salbutamol can cause reversible metabolic changes, for example, an increase in blood glucose concentration. In patients with diabetes mellitus, decompensation may develop, and in some cases, the development of ketoacidosis. Concomitant use of glucocorticosteroids can enhance this effect.

When administered intravenously, as well as when using a solution for a nebulizer of short-acting beta-agonists, very rare cases of lactic acidosis associated with high therapeutic doses in patients with exacerbation of bronchial asthma have been described. An increase in lactate levels leads to shortness of breath and compensatory hyperventilation, which can be misinterpreted as symptoms of inappropriate asthma treatment. This can lead to erroneous dose escalation of short-acting beta-agonists, so monitoring for elevated serum lactate levels and hence metabolic acidosis is recommended.

Fertility

There is no data on the effect of the drug on fertility in humans. The drug does not adversely affect animal fertility.

Pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation is justified only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus / infant. Salbutamol is probably excreted in breast milk.

In separate studies, polydactyly and cleft palate were revealed in children against the background of mothers taking drugs during pregnancy, among which was salbutamol (an unambiguous causal relationship of their occurrence with taking the drug has not been established), and therefore the degree of risk is estimated as 2-3%. In experimental studies, the presence of a teratogenic effect of salbutamol was found: in mice, with SC administration (doses 11.5-115 times higher than the maximum recommended for humans for inhalation administration), the development of "cleft palate" was noted; in rabbits, when administered orally (doses 2315 times higher than the maximum for inhalation) - non-closure of the skull bones.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Considering the possible side effects, care must be taken when driving and potentially dangerous machinery.

Overdose

Symptoms: most symptoms of salbutamol overdose are transient side reactions of beta-agonists.

In case of an overdose, hypokalemia may develop, and therefore it is necessary to monitor the level of potassium in the blood serum.

With the use of high therapeutic doses and an overdose of short-acting beta-agonists, the development of lactic acidosis was revealed.

Treatment:the use of large doses of salbutamol can cause hypokalemia, therefore, if an overdose is suspected, the level of potassium in the blood serum should be monitored. It is necessary to control the level of lactate and the subsequent development of metabolic acidosis (especially in the presence or worsening of tachypnea despite the elimination of bronchospasm).

Release form and packaging

Inhalation aerosol, metered, 100 mcg / dose, 200 doses.

200 doses are placed in an aluminum bottle equipped with a metering valve, spray nozzle and protective cap. 1 cylinder, together with instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages, are placed in a cardboard box.

Storage conditions

Store at a temperature not exceeding 30 ºС.

Protect from light and hypothermia.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Storage period

Do not use after the expiration date.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

On prescription

Manufacturer

Packer

Glaxo Wellcome Production, France

Zone Idustrelle n`2, 23 rue Lavoisier, 27000 EVREUX

Marketing Authorization Holder

GlaxoSmithKline Laboratories, France

Address of the organization that accepts claims from consumers on the quality of products (goods) on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Representative office of GlaxoSmithKline Export Ltd in Kazakhstan

050059, Almaty, Furmanov st., 273

Phone number: +7 727 258 28 92, +7 727 259 09 96

Fax number: + 7 727 258 28 90

E-mail address: [email protected]

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Aerosol - 1 dose: salbutamol 100 mcg.

200 doses of 12 ml - aerosol aluminum cans with a dosing valve (1) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

Beta-adrenomimetic with a predominant effect on β2-adrenergic receptors (localized, in particular, in the bronchi, myometrium, blood vessels). Prevents and relieves bronchospasm; reduces resistance in the airways, increases the vital capacity of the lungs. Prevents the release of histamine, a slow-reacting substance from mast cells and neutrophil chemotaxis factors. Compared with other drugs in this group, it has a less pronounced positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the myocardium. It causes expansion of the coronary arteries, practically does not reduce blood pressure. It has a tocolytic effect, reducing the tone and contractile activity of the myometrium.

Pharmacokinetics

When using an aerosol, there is a rapid absorption of salbutamol into the blood; however, its concentration in blood plasma when used in recommended doses is very low or does not reach the detection limit.

After oral administration, salbutamol is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma protein binding is 10%. Metabolized during the "first pass" through the liver and possibly in the intestinal wall; the main metabolite is an inactive sulfate conjugate. Salbutamol is not metabolized in the lungs, so its final metabolism and excretion after inhalation depends on the route of administration, which determines the ratio between inhaled and unintentionally swallowed salbutamol.

T1 / 2 from blood plasma is 2-7 hours. Salbutamol is rapidly excreted in the urine in the form of metabolites and unchanged substances; in small quantities excreted in the feces.

Clinical pharmacology

Bronchodilator - beta2-adrenergic agonist.

Indications for use Salbutamol

Prevention and relief of bronchospasm in all forms of bronchial asthma. Reversible airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema, broncho-obstructive syndrome in children.

Threatening preterm labor with uterine contractile activity; childbirth before 37-38 weeks of pregnancy; isthmic-cervical insufficiency, a decrease in fetal heart rate, depending on the contractions of the uterus during the periods of cervical dilatation and expulsion. For preventive purposes during operations on the pregnant uterus (the imposition of a circular suture in case of insufficiency of the internal os of the uterus).

Contraindications to the use of Salbutamol

Threat of miscarriage in the I and II trimesters of pregnancy, premature placental abruption, bleeding or toxicosis in the III trimester of pregnancy; children under 2 years of age; hypersensitivity to salbutamol.

Salbutamol Use during pregnancy and children

Salbutamol is contraindicated in case of a threat of miscarriage in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, premature placental abruption, bleeding or toxicosis in the third trimester of pregnancy.

If it is necessary to use salbutamol during pregnancy, the expected benefits of treatment for the mother and the potential risk for the fetus should be weighed. There is currently insufficient data on the safety of the use of salbutamol in early pregnancy. Salbutamol is excreted in breast milk, therefore, if it is necessary to use it during lactation, the expected benefits of treatment for the mother and the possible risk for the child should also be assessed.

Application in children

Contraindicated in children under 2 years of age.

Salbutamol Side effects

From the side of the cardiovascular system: transient expansion of peripheral vessels, moderate tachycardia.

From the side of the central nervous system: headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting.

From the side of metabolism: hypokalemia.

Allergic reactions: in rare cases - angioedema, allergic reactions in the form of skin rash, urticaria, arterial hypotension, collapse.

Others: tremors of the hands, internal tremors, tension; rarely - paradoxical bronchospasm, muscle cramps.

Drug interactions

With the simultaneous use of salbutamol with noncardioselective beta-blockers, mutual suppression of therapeutic effects is possible; with theophylline - the risk of developing tachycardia and arrhythmia, in particular supraventricular extrasystole, increases.

With the simultaneous use of salbutamol and xanthine derivatives, corticosteroids or diuretics, the risk of hypokalemia increases.

Dosage of Salbutamol

Inside as a bronchodilator for adults and children over 12 years old - 2-4 mg 3-4 times / day, if necessary, the dose can be increased to 8 mg 4 times / day. Children aged 6-12 years - 2 mg 3-4 times / day; children 2-6 years old - 1-2 mg 3 times / day.

When administered by inhalation, the dose depends on the dosage form used, the frequency of use depends on the indications and the clinical situation.

As a tocolytic agent, intravenous drip is administered at a dose of 1-2 mg.

Precautionary measures

Use with caution in tachyarrhythmias and other heart rhythm disturbances, arterial hypertension, myocarditis, heart defects, aortic stenosis, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, acute heart failure (subject to close medical supervision).

Increasing the dose or frequency of taking salbutamol should be supervised. Reduction of the interval is possible only in exceptional cases and should be strictly justified.

When using salbutamol, there is a risk of hypokalemia, therefore, during the period of treatment in patients with severe bronchial asthma, the level of potassium in the blood should be monitored. The risk of hypokalemia increases with hypoxia.

Is it possible to relieve an acute asthma attack in 120 seconds? Aerosol Salbutamol for inhalation, characterized by speed, will help to stop such conditions. Relief will come within the first 5 minutes after use. The effect will last for several hours, and the medication itself will completely leave the body after 72 hours. Partial half-life is carried out within 4-6 hours from the moment of application.

Description of the drug

Bronchodilating agent with tocolytic and bronchodilatory effect. Included in the group of beta 2-adrenergic agonists.

Relieves the symptoms of bronchospastic syndrome. Helps reduce the tone of the respiratory muscles during a spasm. It prevents the penetration of histamine into the extracellular space. It helps to breathe deeply by increasing the volume of the lungs. Expands the coronary arteries of the heart. Promotes the release of phlegm. Reduces the concentration of potassium, insulin production.

It is implemented in the form:

• tablets of various shapes;
• powder for inhalation;
• capsules;
• syrup;
• solution for injection;
• aerosol.

Salbutamol inhalation solution is also sold in pharmacies. However, you need a prescription to purchase.

Indications for use

The drug is prescribed for the following ailments and pathological conditions:

• emphysema of the lungs;
• broncho-obstructive syndrome;
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
• asthmatic bronchitis;
• chronic form of bronchitis;
• premature birth.

According to the instructions, Salbutamol is also used during long-term maintenance therapy of bronchitis, as well as for prophylactic purposes for nocturnal asthma attacks.

Opaque white or almost white liquid with a specific, but not pungent odor. The medicine is placed in a white-green or white aluminum balloon. The bottle is equipped with a dispensing valve and a nozzle. Pressing on the valve results in a metered spray.

The list of active substances is represented by salbutamol. The list of additional components includes oleyl and ethyl alcohol, propellant R 134a.

Instructions for the use of Salbutamol for inhalation

The dosage directly depends on the age group of the patient.

Children

If the patient is already 12 years old, and the drug is involved in the complex therapy of COPD or bronchial asthma, then the recommended single dose is 100 mcg. It is allowed to resort to the product every 6 hours, and small children aged 2 to 6 years - no more than 3 times a day.

Salbutamol can be used to relieve a severe attack in a small patient. Dosage: 1-2 breaths-inhalations. It is also suitable for the prevention of choking, spasms when faced with an allergen, and exercise. You need to resort to it in advance. 10-15 minutes before anticipated contact or physical activity. Dosage: 1-2 breaths-inhalations.

Adults

The best option: 2 inhalations every 6 hours in the complex therapy of chronic respiratory diseases. One or two clicks on the bottle are enough to relieve an attack of suffocation.

The instructions for use for Salbutamol for inhalation say that the use of a new inhaler is possible only after a thorough check. The algorithm is simple. Remove the cap, shake the bottle several times, turn it upside down. Spray 3-4 doses into the air. If a sticking valve or other defect is found during the experiment, do not use the drug. The inhaler is defective.

Side effects and contraindications

While taking the medication, problems may arise from the cardiovascular, genitourinary, immune, musculoskeletal and central nervous systems. Pathological manifestations of various types on the skin are possible.

In the instructions for the use of Salbutamol, the list of negative consequences from taking is divided into 3 groups according to the principle of frequency.

First group

Phenomena that are observed more often than others:

• inner tremor of inexplicable etymology;
• tremor of fingers, extremities (the upper section is more often involved);
• sleep disorders (drowsiness, insomnia, nightmares);
• high heart rate.

Important! In most of the reported cases, the tremor was triggered by pills, not aerosols.

Second group

Less often, patients complain of the following manifestations and conditions:

• unreasonable irritability;
• migraines, which are difficult to relieve with painkillers;
• nausea at different times of the day;
• dermatitis;
• persistent drowsiness;
• change in the perception of taste;
• distinct hyperemia;
• disorientation in space;
• decreased performance, speed of thought processes;
• false vomiting;
• steven Johnson syndrome;
• trouble concentrating;
• hot flashes.

Third group

This category includes rare side effects. They often appear in people with chronic diseases that are not directly related to the pulmonary system. The drug simply acts as a catalyst.

The following manifestations are possible:

• auditory, visual hallucinations;
• anxiety and panic states;
• ventricular fibrillation;
• convulsions;
• cough;
• unmotivated aggressiveness;
• angioneurotic edema;
• hypokalemia;
• schizophrenic personality disorder;
• allergic reactions of various types, but more often skin rashes appear;
• hives;
• unstable mental state;
• irritation of the mucous membranes;
• decrease in pressure;
• collapse of the heart;
• spasm of the bronchi;
• retention of urine;
• cardiovascular insufficiency;
• hyperactivity, hyperexcitability;
• supraventricular tachycardia.

The severity of the effects of admission directly depends on the form of release. So, for example, Salbutamol aerosol practically does not have a negative effect on the body of an adult, it is considered a safe remedy. The risks are minimal, if you follow the instructions, follow the instructions of your doctor.

When using the drug, you should also take into account the patient's age and medical history. Hypersensitivity to the components significantly increases the likelihood of side effects.

Care should be taken to resort to Salbutamol for the following ailments and pathological conditions:

• endocrine gland diseases;
• tachycardia of various types;
• hyperthyroidism;
• hypertension.

Children who have not yet turned 2 years old, as well as persons with individual intolerance to the components, have a full withdrawal.

Patients aged 2-12 years during the entire course of treatment with the indicated medication must be under the close supervision of qualified medical personnel. Blood sampling, anamnesis and examination of young patients should be carried out systematically.

• glaucoma;
• renal failure;
• myocarditis;
• heart disease;
• tachyarrhythmia;
• insufficiency of liver function;
• aortic stenosis;
• diabetes;
• obturation of the lumen of the heart artery;
• thyrotoxicosis.

With diagnosed epilepsy and pregnancy, aggravated by anamnesis, Salbutomol therapy is not performed. The greatest harm will be caused to the fetus and its mother if the woman uses the medicine at a later date and with the threat of miscarriage.

Intravenous use can cause:

• an infection of the birth canal;
• premature placental abruption;
• intrauterine death.

The effect of the drug on the body of a healthy woman in position has not been sufficiently studied. Clinical studies were carried out on female rodents. In the course of experiments, it was proved that the drug has a toxic effect on the fetus. In isolated cases, he became the cause of congenital defects. If possible, you should refrain from using the medication while carrying a child. It is necessary to do this even if the pregnancy proceeded without complications.

In the postpartum period, during breastfeeding, the attending physician decides whether to use the drug. This compares the risks to the infant and the consequences of refusing treatment. The properties of the active substances of the drug, their ability to penetrate and accumulate in breast milk are taken into account.

special instructions

Medical personnel must:

• instruct the patient before using the inhaled drug for the first time;
• notify him, which is fraught with ignoring the rules and regulations;
• make sure the patient exercises in front of a mirror;
• be personally present at the first application.

Individuals using Salbutamol should be under the supervision of doctors at the beginning of therapy. This period, like the end of the course of treatment, is characterized by a high probability of side effects. The risks increase with abrupt withdrawal of the medication. Complications can also occur with prolonged use.

It is forbidden to independently adjust the dosage, reduce or increase the duration of the course and the intervals between use. Only the attending physician has the right to make such decisions.

Any changes in the condition must be notified to the doctor. You can not refuse the medication on the basis of an unpleasant taste or sensations in the oral cavity. To eliminate the phenomenon, the patient should rinse the throat.

If the problem is caused by a decrease in the duration of the effect, a sharp deterioration in asthma or general condition, it is forbidden to take medicines with a similar composition, as this can lead to an overdose. Seek qualified medical attention.

In case of a severe attack of suffocation, the interval between inhalations should not be shorter than 20 minutes. Ignoring the prescription will lead to the fact that each subsequent attack will be more difficult and more acute than the previous one, and the medication itself will bring relief only for a short period of time.

Compatibility issues also require caution. Consider the following points:

• inhaler Salbutamol reduces the effectiveness of nitrates, antihypertensive drugs;
• the simultaneous use of this medication and anticholinergic drugs increases intraocular pressure;
• tricyclic antidepressants enhance the effect of Salbutamol.

Analogs

A similar mechanism of action is characterized by:

• Clenbuterol... Available in syrup and tablet form. It is indicated for bronchial asthma, chronic diseases of the pulmonary system. It can be used to treat small children. May cause nausea, hives, and seizures. Sold by prescription.
• Berotek... It is produced in the form of a solution for inhalation, inhalation metered aerosol. It is indicated for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, emphysema, bronchospasm, reversible narrowing of the airways. It is taken as a preventive measure for exercise asthma. It can cause the development of diseases of the cardiovascular, central nervous system. Other negative manifestations: myalgia, weakness, a sharp drop in pressure, vomiting, cough. Contraindicated in chronic heart valve diseases, heart defects, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma. It should not be used by children under 4 years of age.
• Onbrez Breezhaler... Available in capsule form for inhalation. The kit also includes a breather. It differs from analogues in the age threshold for patients. Contraindicated in minors. Dispensed by prescription. With the help of it, bronchospasm cannot be stopped.
• Foradil... White elongated capsules in blisters. They differ in speed. The patient begins to feel good almost immediately after the appointment. It gets better within the first 3 minutes. Another advantage: it practically does not have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system. You can resort to the remedy for patients who are already 5 years old.

Structural analogues of Salbutamol:

• Saltos... Long-acting bronchodilator tablets. Prescribed for nocturnal attacks of asthma, emphysema, bronchial asthma. They practically have no side effects, unpleasant manifestations occur only against the background of exceeding the dosage. Shown for adults and children over 6 years old.
• Ventolin... Aerosol, inhalation solution, syrup and tablets. It does not last so long, only 5 hours. It is prescribed for COPD, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma. It is not prescribed for underage patients, pregnant and lactating women.

Other medicines with a similar composition, principle of action:

• Albuterol;
• Ventacol;
• Aloprol;
• Atimos;
• Salgim;
• Formoterol;
• Ekovent;
• Aerolin;
• Striverdi Respimat;
• Salamol.

Opinions about the drug

Also, people often indicate the availability of the drug. This is especially clearly seen when comparing it with foreign counterparts. The cost of the medication varies between 2-3 hundred rubles, depending on the region, packaging.

The drug is available in various forms, it will not be difficult to find the optimal solution for a particular patient. The dosage and frequency ratio is easy enough to determine. You just need to remember that Salbutmol for inhalation is used no more than 4 times, and tablets - no more than 3 times a day. The list of contraindications and side effects is long, but complications appear only in a small group of people. In general, the medication is quite convenient, relatively safe, and is successfully used in complex therapy.

Composition and release form of the drug

Dosed inhalation aerosol in the form of a suspension that leaves a white or off-white spot on the slide when sprayed.

Excipients: oleic acid - 11.5 μg, ethanol - 4.3 mg, tetrafluoroethane - 73.5 mg.

90 doses (7.02 g) - containers (1) (aluminum aerosol cans) complete with a plastic applicator - cardboard packs.
200 doses (15.2 g) - containers (1) (aluminum aerosol cans) complete with a plastic applicator - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

Beta-adrenomimetic with a predominant effect on β 2 -adrenergic receptors (localized, in particular, in the bronchi, myometrium, blood vessels). Prevents and relieves bronchospasm; reduces resistance in the airways, increases the vital capacity of the lungs. Prevents the release of histamine, a slow-reacting substance from mast cells and neutrophil chemotaxis factors. Compared with other drugs in this group, it has a less pronounced positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the myocardium. It causes expansion of the coronary arteries, practically does not reduce blood pressure. It has a tocolytic effect, reducing the tone and contractile activity of the myometrium.

Pharmacokinetics

When using an aerosol, there is a rapid absorption of salbutamol into the blood; however, its concentration in blood when used in recommended doses is very low or does not reach the detection limit.

After oral administration, salbutamol is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma protein binding is 10%. Metabolized during the "first pass" through the liver and possibly in the intestinal wall; the main metabolite is an inactive sulfate conjugate. Salbutamol is not metabolized in the lungs, so its final metabolism and excretion after inhalation depends on the route of administration, which determines the ratio between inhaled and unintentionally swallowed salbutamol.

T 1/2 from blood plasma is 2-7 hours. Salbutamol is rapidly excreted in the urine in the form of metabolites and unchanged substances; in small quantities excreted in the feces.

Indications

Prevention and relief of bronchospasm in all forms. Reversible airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema, broncho-obstructive syndrome in children.

Threatening preterm labor with uterine contractile activity; childbirth up to 37-38 weeks; isthmic-cervical insufficiency, a decrease in fetal heart rate depending on uterine contractions during periods of cervical dilatation and expulsion. For preventive purposes during operations on the pregnant uterus (the imposition of a circular suture in case of insufficiency of the internal os of the uterus).

Contraindications

Threat of miscarriage in the I and II trimesters of pregnancy, premature placental abruption, bleeding or toxicosis in the III trimester of pregnancy; children under 2 years of age; hypersensitivity to salbutamol.

Dosage

Inside as a bronchodilator for adults and children over 12 years old - 2-4 mg 3-4 times / day, if necessary, the dose can be increased to 8 mg 4 times / day. Children aged 6-12 years - 2 mg 3-4 times / day; children 2-6 years old - 1-2 mg 3 times / day.

When administered by inhalation, the dose depends on the dosage form used, the frequency of use depends on the indications and the clinical situation.

As a tocolytic agent, intravenous drip is administered at a dose of 1-2 mg.

Side effects

On the part of the cardiovascular system: transient expansion of peripheral vessels, moderate tachycardia.

From the side of the central nervous system: , dizziness, nausea, vomiting.

From the side of metabolism: hypokalemia.

Allergic reactions: in isolated cases - angioedema, allergic reactions in the form of skin rash, urticaria, arterial hypotension, collapse.

Others: tremor of the hands, internal tremors, tension; rarely - paradoxical bronchospasm, muscle cramps.

Drug interactions

With the simultaneous use of salbutamol with non-cardioselective, mutual suppression of therapeutic effects is possible; with theophylline - the risk of developing tachycardia and arrhythmia, in particular supraventricular extrasystole, increases.

With the simultaneous use of salbutamol and xanthine derivatives, corticosteroids or diuretics, the risk of hypokalemia increases.

special instructions

It is used with caution in tachyarrhythmias and other rhythm disturbances, arterial hypertension, myocarditis, heart defects, aortic stenosis, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, acute heart failure (subject to close medical supervision).

Increasing the dose or frequency of taking salbutamol should be supervised. Reduction of the interval is possible only in exceptional cases and should be strictly justified.

When using salbutamol, there is a risk of hypokalemia, therefore, during the period of treatment in patients with severe bronchial asthma, the level of potassium in the blood should be monitored. The risk of hypokalemia increases with hypoxia.

Pregnancy and lactation

Salbutamol is contraindicated in case of a threat of miscarriage in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, premature placental abruption, bleeding or toxicosis in the third trimester of pregnancy.

If it is necessary to use salbutamol during pregnancy, the expected benefits of treatment for the mother and the potential risk for the fetus should be weighed. There is currently insufficient data on the safety of the use of salbutamol in early pregnancy. Salbutamol is excreted in breast milk, therefore, if it is necessary to use it during lactation, the expected benefits of treatment for the mother and the possible risk for the child should also be assessed.