Pda vaccination contraindications. CPC vaccination: reaction, side effects

Vaccinations are being actively developed and introduced to protect children from certain infections belonging to the category of "children". From three viral infections -, and today children are vaccinated from one year of age, with vaccines containing both one and several components that protect in a complex. In addition, the MMR vaccine, as it is abbreviated as it is called, is given to adolescents and adults to protect them from the same infections, if they have not had them during childhood.

Why are childhood infections dangerous?

The anti-vaccine hype in the media has been going on for the second decade, and the consequences of such publications are already showing results. They began to register more and more often, including among children different ages, infections that were previously rare due to mass vaccinations. , measles, rubella - for many years doctors have studied them only in theory, and today their outbreaks are no longer a rarity. The problem is that in babies who do not yet have the physiological maturity of immunity, these infections are dangerous with complications, up to lethal. Of course, the decision about vaccination lies with the parents, but it is important that they make an informed decision based not on emotions and intimidation by "horror stories", but on the facts of knowledge about vaccinations and vaccinations.

Usually children under ten years of age suffer from measles, rubella infection or mumps. The peak incidence falls on the period of senior preschool and primary school age. This is due to especially active and extensive contacts with other children and adults, carriers of viruses or those suffering from these pathologies. They are dangerous both for their severe course and for serious complications from many organs and tissues. But it is worth talking more specifically about the dangerous complications for each of them:

• so, referring to one of the most contagious viral diseases among humans, it led to the era of vaccinations massive epidemics with the death of children or adults from dangerous and severe complications. In terms of prevalence, measles occupied one of the leading places among infections in children of preschool and school age, often ending in measles, which threatens the death of the child. Against the background of today's initially unsatisfactory condition of many children and weakness, the measles epidemic can cause many troubles among children today. It is no less dangerous for adults who do not have immunity to it, which must be "refreshed" every 10 years. During gestation, measles threatens, stillbirth or the birth of children with low birth weight, developmental delays.
• not as infectious as measles, but dangerous complications from the glandular organs, to which the virus has a tropism. Up to 20% of cases of infection can lead to damage to the brain and its membranes, which threatens and threatens with a severe course and prolonged hospitalization of the child. Mumps is dangerous for the reproductive system, especially in boys. The defeat of the testicles with development threatens, a violation in later life of reproductive and intimate functions. Mumps can lead to the formation of otitis media, leading to hearing loss or deafness on one side or two ears at once. The defeat can also affect the pancreas, thyroid, ovaries in girls.
• has a relatively easy and favorable course, rarely gives complications, but not if the woman does not have antibodies to the virus. In this case, she is threatened with severe fetal malformations, especially if it is an early gestation period or congenital rubella syndrome in children, which leads to multiple serious lesions and long-term infectiousness of the baby to others.

Whether or not to vaccinate the PDA

The controversy surrounding whether it is worth vaccinating children with PDA vaccinations is enough real life... According to unconfirmed data and the same unconfirmed statistical studies, vaccinations are attributed to neurological pathologies, side effects from the lungs, liver and kidneys. This data naturally worries parents, which leads to unjustified refusals from vaccinations. As a result, immunization from 95-92% at the end of the last century decreased to 80-84% percent to today... This threatens that with a decrease in the percentage of immunized children, outbreaks and epidemics of pathologies are possible.Many parents may feel that the risks of vaccinations may outweigh the risks of the infections themselves, but it is worth knowing that up to 800 thousand people die every year from measles, most of whom are children... These are countries that, due to poverty, do not allow themselves mass immunization. But these are forecasts for our country with the further expansion of anti-vaccination sentiments.

Dr. Komarovsky says about the need and importance of vaccination, including the MMR vaccination:

When to vaccinate PDA, where to vaccinate

For all vaccinations included in the national immunization calendar of the Russian Federation, there are strictly decreed terms in which immunization is performed. They are carried out at the expense of the state with vaccines for free. The timing of immunization is chosen in such a way that immunity is formed as actively as possible and protects the child during those periods when he is most vulnerable to these pathologies. Due to this immunization scheme, a tense and active immunity to three infections is created for periods of up to 10 years or more, with timely revaccination. According to the approved scheme, healthy babies are vaccinated at the age of one, and then repeated vaccinations to maintain immunity at the age of six. Two-fold administration of the vaccine is necessary in order to form the most active and long-lasting, tense immunity, which can weaken with age. In addition, according to the plan, it is planned to introduce the vaccine at the age of 15-17, then in the period from 22 to 29 years, then 32-39 years with a repeat every decade.

If a child has never been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine before reaching the age of 13, it is carried out for the first time at the age of 13, then vaccinations are carried out every 10 years. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Up to three years old, injections are applicable to babies in the outer third of the thigh, and older ones - in the shoulder, in the deltoid muscle zone.

It is important to immunize adolescents at any age, as well as adults if they have not had measles and are not vaccinated. This is due to the high incidence among them and the severe course of the infection, frequent complications in the form of pneumonia and encephalitis.

Why do teenagers need PDA vaccination?

Often, the vaccination against these three childhood infections (rubella, mumps and measles as part of the MMR vaccine) is offered to adolescents who have reached a certain age and have not previously received vaccinations due to health problems or parental refusal. Why is this practice at such an adult age? The MMR vaccine gives excellent results in terms of further preserving the health of young people, including reproductive health. Vaccinate adolescents from 12-13 years old and up to 15 and older. Protection against these three infections, including rubella, in girls is formed for the next 10 years, when there is a period of planning and childbirth. And the rubella virus is most dangerous in the early stages of gestation for the fetus, and for a woman who did not get sick, it will be a great tragedy. Today, measles in adults is not uncommon, and they have a difficult course and with complications, and therefore the formation of immunity to measles for 10 years is no less important. For young men who have not had mumps, it is extremely important to protect themselves from it, because in adolescence and adulthood, it causes complications from the testes and prostate, leading to a sharp decrease in fertility up to infertility in an irreversible form.

Thus, vaccination with MMR in adolescents protects not only themselves from infection for a period of at least 10 years, but also the next generation, which they can give life to during these 10 safe years.

Vaccine options for these infections

There are enough vaccines today that are highly effective and safe, even though they are live (weakened). They exist against all three infections - measles, rubella virus and mumps; they have sufficient experience in their use in practice for several decades. Often, during the MMR vaccination, doctors additionally recommend adding a vaccine to this complex from those who have not yet had it. In addition, vaccination options against these three infections can be combined with each other according to the epidemic situation and the history data (if any of the infections has already been transferred).

MMR vaccines are available in several versions; they contain various types of live weakened components, which, without harming the body, create a tense, very stable immunity when administered. Modern vaccines do not contain "wild" viruses that lead to epidemics, they are all cultivated and, as experts call them, typed. That is, against the background of their safety for an adult and child's body they form an active immune system that protects against infections on long time, while not harming the body. All vaccinations are compatible and interchangeable, so you can use any of them, they all have a high effect and degree of safety.

Vaccines are divided into:

• Three-component (all three infections are included in one vaccine)
• Two-component (out of three infections in the vaccine, only two - if one of them has already been transferred)
• Monocomponent (vaccine for each infection separately).

All drugs are considered interchangeable; in the absence of the drug with which vaccination was started, you can safely replace it with a similar one (from another manufacturer). This will not reduce the effectiveness or increase the risks of vaccination. All registered and used vaccines today for the prevention of measles, mumps or rubella infections meet all the strict requirements of international standards.

Triplex vaccines ready to use, they contain three weakened viruses at once. Such drugs are preferred due to the fact that in one visit and a single injection, subsequently, immune defense is created against three diseases at once.

Two-component vaccines often contain combinations of measles with rubella or measles with mumps. If vaccination is carried out against three infections at once, they are supplemented with a second injection, and the missing third vaccine is administered. In this case, injections are given to distant (different) parts of the body, vaccines cannot be mixed with each other!

Monovaccine - This is a vaccination against only one infection with each injection. They also do not mix in one injection, are injected into different parts of the body, and are usually used not for triple vaccinations, but in order to protect against a specific disease.

Differences in vaccines

In addition to the number of constituent components of the vaccine, drugs may differ by manufacturer - there are both domestic and imported drugs. According to research data and observations of doctors, the drugs have approximately equal efficacy and safety, so there are no special differences in them. Registered on the territory of the Russian Federation:

• Domestic drug against rubella with a mumps component ... It belongs to the category of live (attenuated) quail egg vaccines. In terms of safety and effectiveness, it actively competes with foreign counterparts, but it has only two components, measles must be additionally injected with a second injection. This is its main inconvenience in relation to children, although for adults it is quite possible to use it as a revaccination. Immunity is actively and sustainably created for a period of up to 10 years or more.
• Imported drugs for all three infections (trivaccine), in one syringe there are at once three components that protect weakened live viruses from infections. At the same time, due to just one injection, a tense immunity is created against three diseases, which makes this drug advantageously different from the domestic one with its two components. For kids, this is a reduction in injection stress and convenience. The effectiveness is approximately the same for imported and domestic drugs, as well as the likelihood of side effects with complications.

note

A big disadvantage of such vaccines is their price, since commercial clinics carry out vaccinations for a fee, and not all regions buy these drugs in polyclinics to immunize children within the framework of the national calendar.

Imported vaccines that are registered and applicable in our country are Priorix made in Belgium and MMR-II (made in the USA). With regard to MMR-II, more data has been accumulated on its use in the Russian Federation, since it appeared at the disposal of doctors earlier, but Priorix has proved to be a good one over the years of its use.

The use of these vaccines, according to research, forms antibodies to measles in 98% of children or adults, to mumps up to 96%, and even up to 99% of rubella. After a year, the level of antibodies remains at the proper level in all vaccinated, which makes these vaccines effective and reliable. On average, protection lasts up to 6-10 years. Vaccines are compatible with other vaccines:

• On the same day with them (but in different injections), you can put or.
• Vaccine compatible with haemophilus influenzae or chickenpox vaccine

However, they are all injected at two different points, in separate syringes, you cannot mix vaccinations with each other. With any other live preparations, a difference of at least 30 days must be observed.

For MMR-II, there are a number of restrictions and contraindications that must be kept in mind. So, MMR-II is not applicable at:

• Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (in particular, neomycin)

The Priorix vaccine is also registered in our country today and is used for vaccination against these three infections. It is highly purified, has a minimum of mild side effects, and is used for both adults and children. The degree of immunity intensity is comparable to MMR-II. But for Priorix, there are also contraindications to its use:

• Individual intolerance to chicken egg proteins
• Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (in particular, neomycin) - skin reactions, respiratory phenomena
• When identifying primary, secondary immunodeficiency states
• On the background acute pathologies, or with exacerbation of existing chronic diseases
• With gestation in any trimester.

In all other cases, its introduction is carried out according to the plan of the National Calendar or individual indications.

How to prepare for MMR vaccination?

There are no special measures to prepare for vaccination for healthy children or adults, and vaccinations against measles, mumps and rubella infections are usually well tolerated. Only one condition will be important, which should be strictly observed - at the time of vaccination there should be no respiratory manifestations, exacerbations of chronic pathologies and other health problems. At least two weeks should pass from the moment of a cold or exacerbation of any chronic pathologies.

If we are talking about special groupsah patients, special approaches to vaccination may be required to reduce the risk of negative outcomes and a variety of reactions to drug administration. For children prone to allergic reactions, you should consult with an allergist, and start taking it three days before the injection. They are taken on the day of injection and then three more days after.

For children with various impairments nervous system (not related to contraindications for vaccination) or in the presence of chronic somatic pathology for the period of possible post-vaccination reactions, up to the 14th day from the moment of injection, therapy is carried out that prevents exacerbation of possible pathologies.

If the child belongs to the category of frequently ill, he is weakened or prone to frequent colds, infectious lesions of the respiratory system or exacerbation of foci of chronic infections of the nasopharynx (,), the doctor may recommend special therapy. It starts from three days before vaccination and then for a period of two weeks after the injection.

Three days before vaccination, on the day of vaccination and after it, at least the first 3-4 days, contact with sick people who show signs of respiratory damage should be avoided. For two weeks after the introduction of the vaccine, the child must be monitored. It is important to refuse to visit crowded places, shops and establishments where there are a lot of people on vaccination days. It is worth refusing to start attending childcare facilities within a period of at least a week (if the child has already gone to kindergarten before, you can safely continue visiting). This helps to reduce the risks of complications and negative reactions to a minimum.

List of contraindications for PDA

Like many other types of vaccinations, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps infections has its own contraindications to its use. You can, as well as for everyone, divide them into two large groups - temporary or permanent. It is important to take this fact into account when deciding on vaccination, so that there are no complications and serious side effects later. If we are talking about temporary contraindications, we partially touched on them above:

• Acute respiratory and other infections
• Periods of exacerbations for chronic pathologies, infections, various kinds of metabolic failures until they go into remission or stabilization
• Pregnancy for a woman
• The use of blood products or its transfusion, use in the treatment of gamma globulins (vaccinations are postponed for a month from the moment of application)
• Conducting, or Diaskin test.

A live vaccine (especially against measles) may interfere with the development of immunity due to recent tests that detect tuberculosis or vaccination against it. Therefore, it is necessary to wait at least 4-6 weeks between these two processes. Vaccination can distort the test results, forming false positive tests, but it does not negatively affect the course of the tuberculosis infection itself.

If we talk about constant contraindications to the administration of MMR vaccines, these include:

• Previously identified allergic reactions to antibiotics (gentamicin, or neomycin)
• Identified intolerance to protein (or quail) eggs, based on the type of vaccine
• An indication of a history of anaphylactic reactions (shock, generalized)
• Oncological pathologies, progressive neoplasms, cancerous tumors
• Serious reactions to previous MMR vaccinations
• A sharp decrease in the level of platelets in the blood test
• Immunodeficiencies, immunosuppression after transplantation,.

Acceptable reactions to PDA

Against the background of vaccination, there may be some reactions that are quite expected and predictable, as well as side effects that you need to know about in advance. Reactions should be expected in the period from 5 to 15 days; they are classified as delayed reactions, based on the fact that the vaccine contains live and weakened viruses of three (or two) infections at once. After they are introduced into the body of people who are immunized, they are activated and give a simulated infection in order to form immunity. The peak of virus activity occurs precisely during this period, which gives reason to expect certain reactions at this time. This is a completely normal immune process, thus the synthesis of specific antibodies is activated.

The most common vaccine effects and side effects are:

• Inflammatory reactions at the injection site - soreness and induration, infiltration at the injection site and tissue edema. A similar reaction can develop on the first day after the injection of the vaccine, it passes on its own for a couple of days, no action is needed.
• the formation of an increase in temperature in 10-20% of children , especially with the introduction of a trivaccine. This reaction is usually typical of the bark component. Fever is usually low, which is quite normal phenomena... It is permissible to increase it to 39.0 C, it occurs in the period from 5 to 15 days from the moment of drug administration. The reaction lasts up to a couple of days, and does not last more than 5 days in principle.
• against the background of high fever babies may have seizures , not related to any pathologies, but refer to the consequences of febrile reactions. They are provoked only against the background of fever and if it is more than 38.0 C. Such reactions are rare and do not have negative consequences for children's health in the future. The increased temperature belongs to quite normal immune processes, it should not be brought down. If necessary, you can use ordinary syrups or suppositories to fight fever.
• with the introduction of the vaccine may occur in the first few days cough with a sore throat that does not require treatment and anxiety, passes without any action. maybe light education rashes on the skin of the body or in the area of \u200b\u200bindividual surfaces (behind the ear, neck, face, on the arms and back, in the buttocks). Elements of small size, difficult to distinguish from the skin, pale pink, not raised. Such rashes are not dangerous and do not need to be treated with anything.

All the reactions described above are an imitation of infection and quite normal reactions of the body to the introduction of weakened viruses. People with similar reactions are not dangerous or contagious, the spread of the virus does not occur... Lymph nodes in the ear region may slightly enlarge - this is a reaction to the introduction of mumps to the components of the vaccine. This swelling is not dangerous, not painful and goes away on its own.

Side effects, complications of PDA

Rather serious and health-threatening complications are possible with the introduction of the MMR vaccine in special groups of children (less often adults). The development of allergic reactions to the components of the injected drug is possible, especially if the child has an allergic disposition, reactions to antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group or to egg whites. This is a high-risk group for developing negative reactions to the vaccine. If you enter the drug without taking into account possible contraindications, possibly more developed urticaria, angioedema, or the most dangerous complication -. This is especially dangerous for allergy sufferers, for ordinary people the risk is small.

Pains in the area of \u200b\u200bjoints with their swelling may develop, which is more typical for adults, the older the age of the vaccinated, the more often such reactions occur. After 25 years, they are typical for 30% of vaccinated, women suffer more often, pains are possible for up to three weeks, but they are not dangerous and not strong, they do not interfere with their usual life. Most often they are given by the rubella component, such reactions are typical even for monovaccination against rubella.

A special complication may also occur - idiopathic, thrombocytopenic purpura, a complication typical of 1 case per 23 thousand vaccine injections. This threatens with coagulation disorders in rare force. In this case, the blood platelets are sharply reduced, which forms bruises on the skin that spread throughout the body. Bleeding from the nose or micro-hemorrhages on the skin, similar to needle pricks, are typical; they do not swell and pass quickly and without a trace. Against the background of the development of the infections themselves, such a complication is formed very actively and strongly.

Frequent vaccinations for all infants under one year of age are necessary measure, aimed at improving the epidemiological situation and preventing the spread of dangerous infectious diseases. The duty of any responsible parent is to vaccinate their child in strict accordance with the official calendar proposed by WHO.

It differs from other PDA injections indicated in the schedule (decoding of the name - measles-mumps-rubella) in that it allows immunization against all the mentioned infectious diseases at once. Are these ailments dangerous? What is the threat of infection with the listed viruses in the late period? Why is it important to get the PMC vaccine while you are still infancy?

Why are measles, mumps and rubella dangerous?

Measles, mumps and rubella are the most dangerous childhood diseases of an epidemic nature. Despite achievements modern medicine, they annually claim the lives of 150 thousand people. Of course, not every case of infection with the diseases mentioned is lethal, but any of them threatens complications and health risks:

• Measles. Transferred to early age the disease can lead to deviations in the development of the body. Complications in the form of encephalitis, hepatitis and pneumonia are possible. A decrease in immunity, accompanied by bacterial infections, is inevitable.
• Mumps (mumps). If the outcome is poor, the disease can lead to one-sided deafness, pancreatitis and arthritis (we recommend reading :). Boys may develop testicular tumors, which leads to infertility.
• Rubella. With improper treatment of the disease, a complication in the form of rapidly developing encephalitis is possible. In severe cases, there is a risk of damage to the central nervous system and cardiac depression.

A distinctive feature of measles, mumps and rubella is the inability to develop innate immunity to these diseases.

If a pregnant woman suffers one of the ailments mentioned without complications, her child will have resistance to it even during the period of intrauterine development.

However, after birth, the baby will begin to rapidly lose the immunity thus obtained. By the age of 3 months, his innate resistance to the disease will be completely lost.

Children aged 5-6 years are most susceptible to measles, mumps and rubella. The transmission of infection occurs by airborne droplets, directly from a sick person to a healthy person, therefore, there are only 2 ways to effectively protect a child from these viruses:

1. Completely excluding the possibility of contact of the child with potentially dangerous (infected) persons. In practice, this method is not feasible due to the absence of external manifestations of the disease in incubation period infections.
2. Taking care of the timely (in accordance with the WHO calendar) vaccination for the child, which we recommend.

The composition of the domestic vaccine KPK and foreign - "Priorix"

What is in this vaccine? Before answering this question, it should be noted that the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine can be given in one of the following ways:

What is the difference between the composition of vaccines and which one is more effective? At the heart of any drug against measles, mumps or rubella are weakened pathogens of these viruses. These microorganisms are not able to provoke the development of the disease, nevertheless, they help to develop strong immunity against it.

In addition to living biological material, which is an active component of a vaccine, it usually contains protein. He is the base of the serum. Different manufacturers use different types of protein compounds in their products. For example, a quail egg is often used as the basis for Russian vaccines.

It should be noted that to date, domestic manufacturers produce only mono- and two-component vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps. They are called accordingly and act no worse than their foreign counterparts. However, parents who do not want to torment their baby with "unnecessary" injections should first of all pay attention to foreign combination drugs.

The vaccine "Priorix" is in the greatest demand all over the world today. It is produced in Belgium. Having the usual composition for drugs of this type, "Priorix" compares favorably with competing analogues high degree cleaning and, consequently, its high efficiency with a minimum of provoked side reactions.

Place of MMR vaccination in the National Immunization Schedule

When and how many times should a child get the MMR vaccine? What about those who missed the WHO-recommended routine vaccination at the age of 1 year?

According to the data provided by the compilers National calendar vaccinations, the child may receive the first injection of the CPC even later than the officially recommended terms. The patient's age will not affect the effectiveness of the vaccine. The main thing is not to forget about the timely revaccination:

Important: PDAs are not injected at the same time as some other vaccinations (for example, BCG), therefore, the individual schedule of procedures should be agreed in advance with the pediatrician observing the child.

Ideally, you need to have time to provide the baby with protection from all possible viruses before the baby goes to school. This recommendation can be disregarded if it turns out that the child has contraindications to the use of vaccines.

Contraindications to the use of vaccines

Like other vaccinations, PPC has a number of contraindications. They can be conditionally divided into 2 groups:

1. temporary, forcing to postpone the visit to the treatment room for the period necessary to fix the problem;
2. permanent, making vaccination against measles and other infections absolutely impossible.

What factors can be attributed to each of the groups? The most common temporary contraindications for PDA are:

• exacerbation of chronic ailments;
• ARVI, ARI and other colds;
• poor blood or urine tests, usually indicating one of the above problems;
• recent introduction of another vaccine (for example, BCG);
• the use of blood products (gamma globulin and others).

There are also many constant contraindications to the PDA. These include:

• allergic reactions (from rash to Quincke's edema) to vaccine components - egg white, gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin;
• during revaccination - other serious complications noted by specialists after the first injection;
• the presence of tumors and other neoplasms;
• low blood platelet count;
• diseases affecting immune system (including HIV).

In some cases, vaccinations should be avoided altogether, and in others it is better to discuss alternative methods of reducing the risk of morbidity with the pediatrician watching the child. One way or another, the formation of a newborn's immunity is the responsibility of his parents, and as part of taking care of the baby's health, one of the main steps is to properly prepare the baby for vaccination.

How to prepare your child for vaccination?

High-quality preparations for vaccinations against rubella and other viruses (for example, imported "Priorix") are easily tolerated by the child's body, therefore, specially prepare healthy child no need for vaccination. It's another matter if the baby is in the "risk group": suffers from an acute allergy, has excess weight or weak immunity. What should his parents do?

It is not difficult to prepare a “problem” child for vaccination. The main thing is to carefully take into account the peculiarities of the health and physiology of the crumbs, having developed an effective strategy to deal with the unpleasant consequences of the injection that are possible in his case:

• For food and seasonal allergies, it is best to start taking antihistamines 3 days before the intended vaccination. The pediatrician supervising the child should prescribe the specific medication.
• For children with weak immunity or chronic diseases, general strengthening drugs will help prepare for vaccination. Their appointment should be entrusted to the doctor.
• According to the rules, the injection is made into the outer surface of the thigh or shoulder, while the presence of a large fat layer at the injection site is unacceptable, since the drug may not work. Parents of overweight children should discuss this with the pediatrician in advance.

How is the vaccination going?

The standard procedure for vaccination against mumps and other infections looks like this: the vaccine typed into a syringe is injected into the patient subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The choice of method depends on the age of the inoculated and the type of drug chosen for the injection.

Where the injection is made also depends on the situation. First-time babies are vaccinated in the outer thigh. Older children and adults who have come for revaccination are given an injection in the deltoid muscle of the shoulder. If necessary, the technician will choose a different area of \u200b\u200bthe body for injection.

Injections are not placed in the gluteal muscles because of the high risk of touching the sciatic nerve and the presence in most patients of a large fat layer in the designated area.

Sometimes KKP is combined with other vaccinations: for example, the vaccine against measles and other viruses "gets along well" with DPT (we recommend reading :). It is permissible to do both injections on the same day and even in the same part of the body. The main thing is that the distance between the injection sites is at least 3 cm.

What to prepare for?

Most parents are interested in what reactions of the body to vaccination (in particular, the side effects of the drug) they should be prepared after their child receives his first injection of MMR. Fortunately, this question can be easily answered using the huge amount of statistics collected by doctors on this subject. For convenience, we have broken everything possible effectsarising after vaccination against measles and other viruses, into thematic blocks.

Which reaction is considered normal?

When a PDA is injected into the child's body, live pathogens of the virus, albeit weakened, are injected, so the reaction to an injection can be very violent. Conventionally, all normally observed effects can be divided into 2 categories:

1. local;
2. of a general nature.

Local reactions include soreness at the injection site. In some children, there is a slight local compaction of epithelial tissue. Normally, it will "dissolve" as early as 3 days from the moment of injection.

Unlike local reactions, general reactions are observed in only 20% of children who have been vaccinated. They usually consist of the following:

• a slight increase in body temperature;
• rash on the face, neck, arms, buttocks, and back;
• cough;
• runny nose.

All of these symptoms are considered normal and do not require treatment. Over time, they will go away on their own.

Side effects

Common side effects after MMR vaccination include severe fever (up to 39-40 degrees), accompanied by fever. Such a reaction in itself does not mean that there is a problem. However, the fever should be brought down as quickly as possible: the fever does not help the body to tolerate vaccination more easily.

Less common are the effects of the injection such as sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, aching joints and diarrhea. In terms of symptoms, the picture strongly resembles intestinal flu. Parents should not worry, because such reactions signal the beginning of the formation of antiviral immunity.

It is worth worrying if, after the injection, the child has obvious allergic reactions (rash, severe runny nose, sneezing or swelling). Perhaps, before sending the baby for vaccination, the doctor did not take into account the presence of intolerance to certain components of the serum. To alleviate the condition of the crumbs, parents should show the child to an allergist as soon as possible.

Possible complications

Any side effects vaccines observed for 5 or more days are in themselves a reason for seeking medical attention, but there are also more serious complications after MMR. Urgent medical intervention is required:

Rules of conduct after vaccination

To help the baby easily transfer the vaccination, parents should make sure that the baby follows some simple rules of behavior. The same precautions in most cases help to avoid complications after vaccination:

1. due to weakened immunity, within 3 weeks after the injection, you should not contact anyone who may be infectious;
2. after the injection, dehydration may occur, which is why you need to drink more fluids;
3. you should not swim or take a bath in the first days after the injection: this is fraught with dangerous hypothermia or overheating;
4. in order to avoid allergic reactions, it is worth giving up new foods and avoiding overeating.

Parents of babies are increasingly wondering about the need and feasibility of routine vaccination for their children. We will talk about how the PDA vaccine is transferred. Adults do not trust the manufacturers of vaccines, the quality of their production, adherence to the conditions of transportation and storage. In addition, the health of our children is impaired and weakened due to environmental factors - babies often suffer from allergic reactions, colds... Questions arise about how the child will survive the vaccination, what the immune reaction will follow and what the possible consequences for the baby's health are. Everything in order in our article.

What diseases are MMR vaccinated against?

MMR vaccination is the introduction of a vaccine against diseases such as measles, mumps (popularly called "mumps") and rubella. Vaccination against these diseases can be carried out as part of a complex or monovaccine. Do children need protection from these diseases, how are they dangerous?

Measles is infectionaccompanied by a characteristic rash and fever. After about 5 days, the rash begins to decrease, the body temperature returns to normal. A short-term illness that goes away on its own - how is it dangerous for a child? The danger lies in the development of various serious complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, otitis media, eye damage and others. A feature of the spread of the disease is that, upon contact with a sick person, an unvaccinated child becomes infected in almost 100% of cases. Given this fact, children are less and less vaccinated with CPC, the consequences were not long in coming - cases of the disease are increasing every year.

Rubella in childhood is easily tolerated, often even without an increase in body temperature. The symptoms of the disease are small rash and enlarged lymph nodes. But the disease poses a serious danger to a pregnant woman, namely to her fetus. If a girl was not vaccinated against rubella in childhood or did not get sick with it, then as she grows up, she is at risk during pregnancy. Rubella disrupts the correct development of the fetus, often infection of the expectant mother leads to miscarriage or premature birth. At the birth of a child, serious malformations of the newborn are possible, often incompatible with life. Therefore, the MMR vaccine is essential for girls.

Mumps affects the parotid salivary glands... Headaches occur, a high temperature appears, up to 40 degrees, a swelling forms on the neck and in the ears. It is difficult for a child to chew, swallow. The following complications of mumps are possible: otitis media, inflammation of the brain, boys often develop inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), which in the future can lead to infertility.

All of the above diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets and by household means, that is, every unvaccinated person can become infected, regardless of preventive measures.

The principle of action of the MMR vaccine

Vaccinate against diseases using a complex or monovaccine. The immune response is produced in 92-97% of vaccinated people.

All drugs for MMR vaccination have a common property - they contain live (weakened) pathogens. How does the PDA (vaccination) work? The instruction indicates the direct infection of a person after the administration of the drug. But the vaccine provides for such a number of live microorganisms so that all protective functions begin to work in the body, including the production of antibodies to pathogenic flora. A full-fledged disease does not develop. However, various side reactions are possible. We will tell you more about them below.

What are the MMR vaccines?

To date, the following drugs are used in the CIS countries for inoculating CPC:

Measles vaccine:

1. The drug L-16 of Russian production. It is made on the basis of a quail egg, which is an advantage, since chicken protein (namely, it is used in most foreign vaccines) often occurs in children allergic reaction.

From mumps:

1. Russian live vaccine L-3, like the drug L-16, is made from a quail egg.
2. Czech drug "Pavivak".

Rubella:

1. "Rudivax" made in France.
2. Ervewax, England.
3. Indian SII vaccine.

Complex vaccines:

1. Russian medicine for measles and mumps.
2. "Priorix" is a Belgian-made CPC vaccine. Reviews of the drug are positive. It has won the trust of healthcare professionals and consumers. In private clinics for immunization against 3 diseases - measles, rubella and mumps - they recommend this particular vaccine as the safest and most effective.
3. The Dutch vaccine "MMP-II" has an ambiguous reputation - there is an opinion that after vaccination with this drug autism symptoms developed in children, but there is currently no reliable verified information on this matter.

How is vaccination carried out?

Usually it does not cause difficulties in carrying out the MMR vaccination. The baby's reaction during insertion may be intense, restless crying. Post-vaccination complications may appear only on the fifth day after vaccination. In order to minimize possible side reactions, the procedure must be carried out in compliance with all safety standards. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the vaccine must be unpacked immediately before the procedure. Dissolve the drug only with a special solution that is attached to the vaccine.

Newborns are inoculated in the thigh or shoulder area, for older children - in the subscapularis area, the CPC vaccination. Complications that do not cause concern for health workers may be as follows: pain, redness, swelling in the area of \u200b\u200bdrug administration within two days are possible. But if the above symptoms become pronounced and are accompanied by other adverse reactions, consultation of a pediatrician is required.

Vaccination schedule

The MMR vaccination is carried out in one-year-old babies, after which the immunization is repeated at 6 years old. In some cases, for medical reasons, adults are also vaccinated. For example, a woman during pregnancy planning. It should be noted that the onset of conception should be planned at least 3 months after the MMR vaccination.

The vaccine is combined with other drugs for immunization: MMR can be carried out simultaneously with vaccinations against hemophilic infection, hepatitis A, KDP, tetanus, poliomyelitis vaccines.

Absolute contraindications for MMR vaccination

There are absolute and temporary contraindications to the MMR vaccination. We'll have to refuse immunization in the following patient conditions:

• congenital or acquired immunodeficiency;
• the presence of cellular defects in immunity;
• severe reactions to previous vaccinations;
• the presence of an allergy to the components of the drug.

Temporary contraindications

In the event of temporary health disorders of the vaccinated child or adult, the CPC vaccination is carried out after complete recovery and restoration of the body's immune forces. The contraindications are as follows:

• taking corticosteroids, immunomodulating drugs, radio and chemotherapy;
• acute respiratory infections;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• curable diseases of the circulatory system;
• kidney problems;
• fever and fever;
• pregnancy.

Common adverse reactions

PDA (vaccination) is usually well tolerated. Adverse reactions occur in 10% of cases. Some of the complications that arise do not cause concern for doctors, they belong to the list of normal immune responses to the drug. It is important to remember that any reaction to the MMR vaccine can occur only from 4 to 15 days after the immunization. If any deviations in the health of the vaccinated person appeared earlier or later than the indicated dates, then they have nothing to do with the vaccination, with the exception of redness of the injection site, which is observed in the first two days.

Common reactions after MMR vaccination include:

• temperature rise (up to 39 degrees);
• runny nose;
• cough;
• redness of the throat;
• increase in parotid salivary glands and lymph nodes;
• allergic reactions: rash, urticaria (most often such reactions occur to the antibiotic "Neomycin" and the protein included in the preparations);
• women have post-vaccination complaints of pain in muscles and joints. Such a reaction in children and men is observed only in 0.3% of cases.

Complications

There have been cases of serious complications after MMR vaccination. Fortunately, they are rare, against the background of other disorders in the body. The reasons for the development of adverse reactions can be the patient's illness, poor-quality vaccine, and improper use of the drug. Complications after MMR vaccination include:

1. Convulsions developing in the background high temperature... With such a symptom, antipyretic drugs of paracetamol are prescribed, and it is also recommended to be examined by a neuropathologist to exclude the background development of damage to the nervous system.
2. Post-vaccination brain damage (encephalitis). When deciding on whether or not to vaccinate with MMRs, it should be taken into account that such a complication after vaccination occurs 1000 times less often than with full-fledged infection with measles or rubella.
3. After vaccination against mumps or complex vaccination, which includes this disease, meningitis may develop in 1% of cases, whereas with the transfer of the disease, this figure reaches 25%.
4. A reaction in the form of anaphylactic shock is possible within 30 minutes after the MMR vaccination. Only the introduction of adrenaline will help save lives in such a situation. Therefore, do not self-medicate - contact a specialized public or private clinic for vaccination, and also follow all the doctor's prescriptions, including trace the reaction to the vaccine within half an hour within the walls of a medical institution. Consultation is also required patronage nurse on the fifth and tenth days after vaccination.
5. In extremely rare cases, thrombocytopenia is registered - a decrease in platelets in the blood.

Preparation for vaccination

In order to reduce the risk of developing various post-vaccination complications, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparations for immunization. Such measures are especially important when vaccinating children. Before routine vaccination, adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Do not introduce new foods into your child's diet. If the baby is on breastfeeding, a nursing mother should also follow a normal diet.
2. A few days before the intended vaccination, you must pass general analysis blood and urine to exclude hidden, sluggish diseases.
3. Children who are prone to allergic reactions or have such complications during previous vaccinations may be prescribed antihistamines 2 days before vaccination and several days after vaccination.
4. After the MMR vaccination is performed, the body temperature often rises to high levels. But, nevertheless, doctors do not recommend taking antipyretic drugs for preventive purposes. They are prescribed only to children with a predisposition to febrile seizures. Take the medicine immediately after the vaccine is administered.
5. If your child is healthy and does not have any indications for taking medications, for safety reasons, make sure that there are first aid medications in the house - antipyretics (Nurofen, Panadol) and antihistamines, such as Suprastin, before vaccination.
6. Immediately before vaccination, the child should be examined by a pediatrician: measure the temperature, evaluate general state health.

What to do after MMR vaccination?

Has the child received an MMR vaccine? The body can react only on the 5th day. To keep side effects to a minimum, there are some tips to follow. So, after vaccination, also do not let your child try new foods. In addition, exclude heavy food, you can not overfeed the baby. Increase your fluid intake.

In the first two days, it is better to stay at home, since the body of the crumbs is weakened and easily susceptible to infection various diseases... Limit contact with others for two weeks. Avoid hypothermia or overheating of the baby.

When should a doctor be called?

After the vaccination, carefully monitor the baby's condition: regularly measure the temperature, observe his reactions, behavior, complaints. If the following symptoms are found, urgent medical attention is needed:

• diarrhea;
• vomiting;
• high temperature, which is not confused by antipyretic drugs;
• temperature above 40 degrees;
• severe allergic reaction;
• swelling or induration of the injection site, more than 3 cm in diameter, or suppuration;
• lingering unreasonable crying of the child;
• convulsions;
• quincke's edema;
• suffocation;
• loss of consciousness.

When deciding whether to give your child a CCP (vaccine) or refuse, weigh the pros and cons. Consider the disappointing statistics that indicate that with a full-fledged infection with measles, mumps or rubella, the likelihood of complications of varying severity is hundreds of times higher than after vaccination modern drugs... In addition, mothers' reviews speak of high level the safety of the MMR vaccination - the vast majority of vaccinated children did not have any post-vaccination complications. Observe preventive measures and doctor's prescriptions - then the vaccination will only benefit your baby and protect against serious diseases.

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Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella

The vaccination calendar contains a comprehensive vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella - the pda vaccine. It is tolerated, in most cases, getting it well. Complications are common but rare. Infectionists and pediatricians strongly recommend that all children get the PDA vaccine. A child who has not passed it, contracting measles, rubella or mumps, necessarily gets serious complications. Girls who did not receive CCP in childhood do not have immunity. When infected during pregnancy with rubella, the disease causes severe disorders in the unborn baby.

At the time, the PDA vaccine was made - protection against complications from three serious infectious diseases. With competent vaccination, immunity is developed for 21 days in 98% of the vaccinated. Immunity lasts 25 years.

Contraindications for pda vaccination

There are times when you cannot be vaccinated:

• with acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, when the child is very sick;
• with weakened health and immunity;
• if there was a severe allergic reaction after the last vaccination;
• children allergic to neomycin and gelatin;
• when the first symptoms of a cold appear (cough, fever, runny nose);
• pregnancy;
• if blood products (blood plasma, immunoglobulins) were administered, the CPC vaccination is carried out after 3 months;
• oncological diseases;
• tuberculosis;

Where and when to get the PDA vaccine

The first such vaccination is done in the thigh at 1 - 1.5 years. At 6 - 7 years old - the second dose of vaccination - revaccination is injected into the shoulder. These are the calendar dates for vaccination against pda.

If, for some reason, you did not manage to make the PDA in time, then do not worry. Try to do it as soon as possible. The transfer of the vaccine does not reduce its effectiveness.

Advice: It is undesirable to delay the first dose of the vaccine for a long time As the child grows older and the circle of friends expands, the risk of contracting rubella, mumps or measles increases. It is imperative to repeat the second dose of PDA and be in time before the child enters school.

PDA and travel

If you and your child are going abroad, who is not even a year old, be sure to give your child a comprehensive vaccination ahead of schedule. Your child will become immune to these diseases.

When the child turns one year old, you need to repeat the CPC, and then repeat another dose of the vaccine to get strong immunity when you turn 6 years old.

Adverse reactions to vaccination

For most, vaccination is not accompanied by adverse reactions. In 5-15% of cases, complications are observed 2-5 days after vaccination. Reactions take place within 3 days.

1. Temperature. Both in vaccinated adults and children, temperatures up to 39.40C can be observed for 5-12 days after vaccination. It can be knocked down if chills, severe body aches appear in the first 2 days. To lower the temperature, take antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen).
2. Joint pain. In some young women and children, in the first 3 weeks after vaccination, inflammation in the hand and in the joints of the fingers may appear. Symptoms do not require treatment, they pass themselves quickly, without consequences.
3. Allergy. In addition to measles, rubella, mumps viruses, the vaccine contains neomycin, gelatin, chicken protein, which cause allergic reactions in some. The introduction to allergy sufferers of a small amount of these substances provokes a strong reaction, up to a dangerous one - anaphylactic shock. Before taking a child for the MMR vaccine, parents should warn the doctor about which substances your child is allergic to. If a strong reaction was observed after the initial dose, it is necessary to make tests for which components of the vaccine hypersensitivity, and the doctor will cancel the second dose according to the indications or replace the Russian one with an imported one (it contains the yolk of quail eggs). For people who do not have allergies to the components of the PDA, the vaccination is completely safe.
4. Pain at the injection site. In the area where the injection was made, there may be a non-dangerous thickening of the tissues, numbness and pain, swelling may form for up to several weeks.
5. Rash. According to statistics, in 1 in 20 people, during the first 5-10 days, the PDA vaccination causes a pale pink rash on the skin. Red spots cover the face, arms, torso and legs. The rash passes quickly, is not dangerous, does not leave marks.
6. Magnification lymph nodes... Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccinations often cause benign swollen lymph nodes over several days.
7. Swelling of the testicles. Some boys may experience slight swelling and soreness of the testicles. This will not further disrupt the ability to conceive a child when the boy grows up.
8. Catarrhal phenomena (conjunctivitis, cough, runny nose).

Should adults be vaccinated?

Adults who have not received one dose of MMR vaccine in childhood and have not had mumps, measles, or rubella should be vaccinated. Measles and mumps are very dangerous for adults, and rubella in pregnant women causes pathologies in the development of the fetus.

All women planning a pregnancy are advised to have a blood test to determine whether they are immune to rubella. If tests show its absence, the woman must be vaccinated with CPC before pregnancy. You can conceive a child 1 month after vaccination.

CPC vaccination: instructions for use of the drug "Priorix"

The multi-component vaccine is better because you have to inject once. Priorix can be done subcutaneously (under the scapula) and up to 3 years - intramuscularly (into the thigh), then into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder (into the arm). The vaccinated person is not contagious to others.

Drug form: lyophilisate for solution.

Its composition (from the instructions): Priorix - combination drug contains attenuated strains of measles, mumps and rubella viruses separately cultivated in chick embryo cells.

The vaccine dose contains 3.5 lgTCD50 of the measles virus of the Schwartz strain, 4.3 lgTCD50 of the live mumps virus of the RIT4385 strain, 3.5 lgTCD50 of rubella (vaccine strain Wistar RA 27/3). The vaccine contains 25 mcg of neomycin sulfate, sorbitol, lactose, mannitol, amino acids.

Description of the vaccine Homogeneous porous mass of white or slightly pink color. Its solvent is a colorless transparent liquid, odorless, impurities.

Immunology Clinical trials have shown the vaccine to be highly effective. Antibodies to the mumps virus were found in 96.1%, measles - in 98% of vaccinated, rubella - in 99.3%.

Purpose Development of immunity, prevention of mumps, rubella, measles.

Mode of application

In a vial with a dry preparation, the contents are added with a solvent at the rate of 0.5 ml per 1 dose. Shake thoroughly until the mixture is completely dissolved, no more than 1 min.

The resulting solution is clear, from pink to pink-orange in color. If it looks different, has foreign particles, the drug is not used.

Priorix is \u200b\u200binjected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 ml; allowed intramuscular injection... A new sterile needle is used to inject Priorix. The drug is removed from the vial subject to the rules of asepsis.

Adverse reactions

• allergic reactions,
• diarrhea,
• lymphadenopathy,
• vomiting
• bronchitis, otitis media, cough (sometimes), enlargement of the parotid glands,
• insomnia, febrile seizures, crying, nervousness, (sometimes)
• rash,
• conjunctivitis (sometimes), anorexia (very rare),

• fever (\u003e 38 ° C), redness at the injection site,
• swelling, soreness at the injection site, temperature\u003e 39.5 ° C

Adverse reactions were observed in 1-10% after vaccination.

With mass vaccination, the following side effects have been reported:

• meningitis,
• arthralgia, arthritis,
• thrombocytopenia,
• anaphylactic reactions,
• erythema multiforme,
• encephalitis, transverse myelitis, peripheral neuritis

Random intravenous administration causes severe reactions, even shock.

Interaction

Priorix can be simultaneously injected with DTP, ADS vaccines (on the same day), when injected into different parts of the body with separate syringes. It is not allowed to draw in the same syringe with other drugs.

Priorix can be used for a second vaccination for persons previously vaccinated with mono drugs, another combination vaccine.

special instructions

Exercise caution when administering to people with allergic diseases... The vaccinated person must stay for 30 minutes. under control.

The vaccination room should be provided with anti-shock therapy means (1: 1000 adrenaline solution). Before injecting the vaccine, make sure that the alcohol has evaporated from the skin surface, as it can inactivate attenuated viruses in the vaccine.

Release form

Included: 1 dose in a bottle, 0.5 ml solvent in an ampoule. Packing: cardboard boxes. 1 dose in a vial + 0.5 ml solvent in a syringe, 1-2 needles.

For medical institutions: in a box of 100 bottles. Solvent separately for 100 ampoules. 10 doses per bottle. 50 vials per cardboard box... Separately, the solvent is 5 ml. 50 ampoules per box.

Shelf life and storage conditions

Two years - the shelf life of the vaccine, 5 years - the diluent. The expiration date is indicated on the packaging and label of the bottle.

Store at 2 to 8 ° C. The solvent, packed separately, is stored at t ° from 2 to 25 ° C; avoid freezing.

Terms of leave By prescription.

PrivivkaInfo.ru

Pda vaccination

MMR vaccine is a comprehensive vaccine against three diseases: measles, rubella and mumps, better known as mumps. Doctors recommend refusing to vaccinate a child only in rare cases, since these three diseases are dangerous for their complications. About the age at which the PDA vaccination is done, whether it has contraindications and side effects, and will be discussed in this article.

Vaccination: measles, rubella, mumps

Measles is a disease characterized by fever, rash, cough, rhinitis, and inflammation of the lining of the eyes. The disease causes complications in the form of pneumonia, seizures with bulging eyes, eye diseases and can be fatal.

Rubella is a condition characterized by skin rashes. During illness, children have an increased body temperature. Complications of rubella affect girls more, expressed in the form of joint diseases.

Mumps or mumps, in addition to fever and headache, are characterized by swelling of the face and neck of a sick child and swelling of the testicles in boys. It is for boys that the disease poses the greatest danger, since they can remain sterile. Also among the complications can be noted deafness, meningitis and even death.

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps involves the introduction into the child's body of the viruses of these diseases in a weakened form. There are risks of developing severe side effects with the introduction of the vaccine, but they are many times less than the risks of developing the same diseases in children.

When and where do they get the MMR vaccine?

According to the vaccination schedule, vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are given twice. The first time the vaccination is done at the age of 1 year, the second time, provided that the child did not tolerate the disease during this period of time - at 6 years old.

In some cases, for example, if parents need to go abroad with their child, the MMR vaccine can be given to a baby at the age of 6 to 12 months. However, it does not affect the vaccination schedule, and in the year the PDA will be done as for the first time.

The MMR vaccine is injected subcutaneously. It is done either in the deltoid region of the baby's shoulder, or under the shoulder blade.

Vaccination reaction measles, rubella, mumps

Among the common reactions in children to the MMR vaccine are the following:

• skin rash;
• increased body temperature;
• runny nose;
• vomiting, diarrhea;
• slight swelling of the testicles in boys.

If the body temperature rises and a rash or swelling of the testicles appears in boys after the MMR vaccine, parents should give the child paracetamol. If the temperature is high, then the child should be given an antipyretic agent. It is also given immediately after vaccination to those children who are prone to seizures when the body temperature rises.

Vomiting and diarrhea caused by MMR vaccine usually do not need treatment.

Severe allergic reactions in children to MMR vaccine are possible, but this is only one case in a million. Conditions such as meningitis, pneumonia, deafness and even falling into a coma were observed in children. These cases are isolated and it was not possible to reliably find out whether vaccination became the cause of these conditions.

Contraindications for the introduction of the PDA vaccination

MMR vaccination is contraindicated in children who suffer from intolerance to chicken egg protein, kanamycin and neomycin. MMR vaccination is not given to children who are sick at the time of vaccination. Re-introduction MMR vaccines are prohibited for those children who had a hard time undergoing the first MMR vaccine.

It is also prohibited to administer the MMR vaccine to children suffering from AIDS, HIV and other diseases that suppress the body's immune system. In some cases, the vaccine can be administered to them, but subject to strict supervision by a specialist. Parents of children with cancer should be consulted about the possibility of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Consultation with a doctor is also mandatory for children who have received blood products in the last 11 months before vaccination.

MMR vaccine is a comprehensive vaccine against three diseases: measles, rubella and mumps, better known as mumps. Doctors recommend refusing to vaccinate a child only in rare cases, since these three diseases are dangerous for their complications. About the age at which the PDA vaccination is done, whether it has contraindications and side effects, and will be discussed in this article.

Vaccination: measles, rubella, mumps

Measles Is a disease characterized by fever, rash, cough, rhinitis, and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes. The disease causes complications in the form of pneumonia, seizures with bulging eyes, eye diseases and can be fatal.

Rubella is an ailment characterized by a skin rash. During illness, children have an increased body temperature. Complications of rubella affect girls more, expressed in the form of joint diseases.

Mumps or mumps, in addition to fever and headache, are characterized by swelling of the face and neck of a sick child and swelling of the testicles in boys. It is for boys that the disease poses the greatest danger, since they can remain sterile. Other complications include deafness, meningitis, and even death.

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps involves the introduction into the child's body of the viruses of these diseases in a weakened form. There are risks of developing severe side effects with the introduction of the vaccine, but they are many times less than the risks of developing the same diseases in children.

When and where do they get the MMR vaccine?

According to the vaccination schedule, vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are given twice. The first time the vaccination is done at the age of 1 year, the second time, provided that the child did not tolerate the disease during this period of time - at 6 years old.

In some cases, for example, if parents need to go abroad with their child, the MMR vaccine can be given to a baby at the age of 6 to 12 months. However, it does not affect the vaccination schedule, and in the year the PDA will be done as for the first time.

The MMR vaccine is injected subcutaneously. It is done either in the deltoid region of the baby's shoulder, or under the shoulder blade.

Vaccination reaction measles, rubella, mumps

Among the common reactions in children to the MMR vaccine are the following:

• skin rash;
• increased body temperature;
• runny nose;
• vomiting, diarrhea;
• slight swelling of the testicles in boys.

If the body temperature rises and a rash or swelling of the testicles appears in boys after the MMR vaccine, parents should give the child paracetamol. If the temperature is high, then the child should be given an antipyretic agent. It is also given immediately after vaccination to those children who are prone to seizures when the body temperature rises.

Vomiting and diarrhea caused by MMR vaccine usually do not need treatment.

Severe allergic reactions in children to MMR vaccine are possible, but this is only one case in a million. Conditions such as meningitis, pneumonia, deafness and even falling into a coma were observed in children. These cases are isolated and it was not possible to reliably find out whether vaccination became the cause of these conditions.

Contraindications for the introduction of the PDA vaccination

MMR vaccination is contraindicated in children who suffer from intolerance to chicken egg protein, kanamycin and neomycin. MMR vaccination is not given to children who are sick at the time of vaccination. The repeated administration of the MMR vaccine is prohibited for those children who have had a hard time undergoing the first MMR vaccine.

It is also prohibited to administer the MMR vaccine to children suffering from AIDS, HIV and other diseases that suppress the body's immune system. In some cases, the vaccine can be administered to them, but subject to strict supervision by a specialist. Parents of children with cancer should be consulted about the possibility of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Consultation with a doctor is also mandatory for children who have received blood products in the last 11 months before vaccination.

Infectious diseases against which the MMR vaccine protects are most susceptible to children 2-5 years old. Measles, mumps, rubella are transmitted by airborne droplets. Specific protection and prevention - vaccination only.

We asked the doctor Marina Sikorskaya to tell about the features of the MMR vaccination in detail.

Marina Sikorskaya - family doctor, mother of two children, author of articles 6

Danger of infections

The danger is that all these diseases are spreading very quickly. it viral infection lightning defeat. Measles, rubella, mumps are painfully tolerated by children and adults, and terrible complications are possible.

The main symptoms of diseases:

• increase in body temperature up to 40C
• characteristic rashes
• pronounced catarrhal symptoms (photophobia, conjunctivitis, profuse mucopurulent discharge from the nose, cough with phlegm)
• severe intoxication (weakness, lack of appetite, pain in the corners, headaches, etc.)

Complications caused by measles, mumps and rubella:

• damage to the central nervous system (paralysis, paresis)
• encephalitis
• confusion
• deafness, blindness
• infertility.

What is the threat of refusal to vaccinate PDA

In the last few years, measles, mumps, rubella began to appear in different regions of Ukraine. The reason for this is the increasingly frequent refusals of vaccinations. If earlier the entire population was vaccinated without exception, it was unrealistic to meet measles or mumps in children, but now the refusal to vaccinate the child with mumps and measles have led to serious problems.

Not everyone can be vaccinated with PDAs, of course there are contraindications. But believe me, the percentage of people for whom the CCP vaccination is dangerous is very small.

Contraindications for PDA vaccination

• child's intolerance to egg white;
• intolerance to the antibacterial components kanamycin and neomycin;
• acute illness at the time of vaccination;
• the child or nursing mother received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunosuppression;
• poorly tolerated first MMR vaccination;
• severe blood diseases;
• allergic reactions;
• heart defects and diseases in the stage of decompensation.
• pregnancy, since the vaccine contains a component of rubella and can cause abnormal development of the fetus, and of course, after vaccination, the moment of conception must be postponed for at least 28 days.

What to do after getting vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps?

• The first day, do not wet the injection site.
• For three days after vaccination, do not visit public places.

That's all. This list is not long at all.

What reactions can be expected after the MMR vaccine?

Reactions to the CCP are extremely rare. But, you need to know the main reactions:

• an increase in body temperature to 38.5, more often on the 5th and 15th day after vaccination
• local reaction (redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site)

Even moderate and severe reactions to PDAs are also sounded, these include a strong allergic reaction (can cause Quincke's edema), convulsions. But this feature of MMR vaccination is so rare that there is no direct evidence that this is a reaction to the vaccine.

Usually, after manipulation, parents with children go home and forget about the vaccination altogether. And on the same day they wet the injection site and walk in the malls ...

And the important thing: protect your children!

People, what do you think about when writing vaccine waivers? What are you guided by? Why do you refuse to protect your children?

At a time when there were no vaccines, people were dying from this kind of disease in huge numbers, there were terrible epidemics. Now you are given all the possibilities to avoid such cases, but even here you refuse. This vaccine, like several others, is on the mandatory list.

Every time I am amazed by the phrase of my parents: “Well, these are such rare diseases. Maybe it won't touch us? " So, my dears, it will affect everyone. You endanger not only your child, but those around you.

Learn the pros and cons of vaccination, consult your doctors and do right choice, and not a thoughtless decision, nothing substantiated.

Take care of yourself. Be healthy.