Parody of dogs. Small dog breeds with photos, names and character traits
If we turn to antiquity, then we can identify the main ancestor of all today's dog breeds - the wolf. Scientists have different opinions about the time of domestication of the wolf, according to various sources, this happened from 15,000 to 50,000 years ago. The reasons for nailing a predator to human groups are not clear. One version says that nomadic peoples used wolves for hunting and personal needs (the meat of tamed wolves was used for food, clothes were sewn from the skins). Another version is that wild animals themselves sought food from ancient people. Allegedly weakened and expelled from the flock, individuals independently adjoined human settlements and were used for the same hunting and protection of housing. Remains of dogs have been found on all continents without exception, their images are immortalized in ancient bas-reliefs and paintings, which speaks of the long-standing popularity of these animals.
Wild boar hunting scene with dog, ancient roman sculpture
The oldest dog breeds formed on Earth at a time when no one knew about selection. These are individuals (aboriginal or primitive), whose DNA is closest to wolves - Akita and Shiba Inu, Alaskan Malamutes, Siberian huskies, Shar Pei and others. Over time, in addition to aboriginal dogs, factory dogs began to appear - bred as a result of crossing animals of various primitive breeds. At the heart of the formation of most of the factory breeds was inbreeding - intrageneric crossing of aboriginal individuals, as well as the identification and elimination of its undesirable consequences (aggressive or shy character, improper body structure, unattractive exterior). Breeding of dogs reached its peak in the 19th - 20th centuries, when most of the dog breeds were bred and approved by canine organizations.
Types of dog breeds
In accordance with the rules of the International Cynological Organization, dog breeds can be divided into groups as follows:
Companion dogs - these animals have become human companions in urban environments. They can live not only in an apartment, but also in an outdoor enclosure. However, all companions need long-term communication with the owner, games, walking. Such breeds of dogs can be of various sizes, usually they are distinguished by good character, gentleness, obedience. Poodles, pugs, beagles can be ranked as companion dogs, although most breeds, with proper upbringing, can become true friends of modern man.
What to look for when choosing a puppy
Before purchasing a puppy, the future owner needs to clearly determine the desired breed and the purpose of establishing a dog. It is advisable to study the characteristics of the rocks so as not to get into a mess. The fact is that through the long efforts of scientists in some breeds, the dominant function, aggression, for example, towards animals, alertness and distrust towards humans, was initially laid. Other breeds of dogs, on the other hand, are distinguished by their soft and cheerful disposition, the ability to get along with both people and animals. Therefore, the owner, first of all, needs to be guided by his own needs and the character of the future dog, and not by appearance animal. So, before buying a dog, you must:
Decide not only on the breed, but also on the size of the pet. A small living space is unlikely to allow keeping dogs of large breeds (mastiffs, Great Danes, etc.). In addition, many four-legged people need physical activity like air, which is usually possible only when living in private or country houses with fenced plots.
Understand whether it is possible to care for an abundantly shedding or long-haired dog. If the owner of the dog has little time, then getting an animal that requires daily care is rather unreasonable - both the pet and the whole apartment, covered with a layer of wool, will look untidy.
Determine the age of the animal - usually puppies are purchased at the age of 2 months. In this case, it is possible to form the character of the dog at will, while adults, firstly, will more difficult to endure the process of adaptation to a new home, and secondly, they will have habits instilled by a stranger (breeder).
Select the sex of the dog. Bitches are usually kinder and calmer than males. While males are more active, without proper education they can provoke fights with other animals - both at home and on a walk.
Find out exactly where you plan to buy a puppy - in the poultry market, via the Internet, in the breeding nursery. The prices of dogs from the kennel seem to be high, but it is there that you can buy a healthy and vaccinated animal with documents, born from dogs without genetic diseases.
Before buying a puppy, make sure it is healthy - look at the condition of the teeth, eyes, ears, feel the belly, paws, examine the fur, and also be sure to ask the seller (especially when the animal is purchased on the market) about the dog's parents, its character, nutrition.
Whichever breed of puppy is chosen, the owner should always be clearly aware of his responsibility, which is: good care (walking, bathing, combing, hygiene procedures), quality nutrition ( natural food or ready-made industrial food), in daily communication with the dog (including games, education and training), in regular preventive examinations at the veterinarian, in the organization of the dog's place (home bed in a quiet and calm corner, outdoor enclosure with an insulated booth) , in its own capabilities - a dog always requires a lot of time, it can be naughty and even act contrary to its owner, be naughty at first. However, the reaction of the owner can be moderately severe, in no case should you beat the dog or shout at it.
Dog breeds are unusually diverse, from the smallest breeds that can fit in a woman's purse to giant dogs that weigh over 100 kilograms and reach over two meters in length.
In this article we will tell you about the most popular dog breeds of various sizes. And so we will provide full list all breeds of dogs.
A dog is man's best friend among animals. She gives her owner a lot of positive emotions, she is always there in sorrow and in joy. Today there are a huge number of dog breeds, so you can always find a friend to your liking.
Small dogs
Basenji
Height: 40-43 cm.
Weight: 10-11 kg.
Region of origin: Central Africa
Basenji - one of the oldest breeds, which appeared more than 5,000 years ago in Africa. In those distant times, these dogs were presented to the pharaohs as a talisman against evil forces. Burials of mummies of these dogs have been found by modern archaeologists.
The peculiarity of this breed is that dogs cannot bark., and in an excited state, they only emit a rumbling. Basenji do not smell like a dog and know how to wash with their paws, like cats. They are distinguished by good health, fearlessness and great self-confidence.
Basenji has excellent hunting qualities. In addition, today it is considered very fashionable to take them as companions. They are great friends, very smart, affectionate and extremely impressive looking.
Yorkshire Terrier
Height: 18-20 cm.
Weight: about 3 kg.
Yorkshire Terrier Is a decorative breed developed in England at the end of the 19th century. Earlier, English peasants were forbidden to have large dogs due to massive poaching, so they bred tiny pets for themselves.
A hundred years ago, these lovely dogs were workers: they lived in coal mines, where they caught huge rats. Today York is considered the most popular breed of small dogs and is the dream of every fashionista.
Yorkies are brave and able-bodied, they are very friendly towards people, very active and playful, devoted to the mistress. They constantly need attention, so all day they either sit in the arms of the hostess, or follow her on her heels.
Height: 23-33 cm.
Weight: up to 5 kg.
Country of origin: UK
Chinese crested dog - an elegant decorative dog, very attached to its owner. They may have no body hair at all, or the cover may be in the form of soft fluff. These dogs don't smell like a dog. Their homeland is China or Mexico.
By the middle of the 19th century, this breed was considered almost extinct. However, several individuals were brought to the UK, where their population was rescued and restored. Today it is spread all over the world.
The Chinese Crested Dog is born to be loved. And not only for the exotic appearance. They are very kind and funny animals that can become real friends for adults and kids.
Height: 32-38 cm.
Weight: up to 5 kg.
Country of origin: Italy
Is the smallest greyhound in the world. The ancestors of these dogs lived in Ancient Egypt, were common among the nobility in Ancient Greece and Rome. And they were most popular in Italy during the Renaissance.
The Italian greyhound standard was created in the 30s of the last century. Today it is an excellent companion dog with a friendly character and loves to play. But remember that this is a very refined and fragile dog.
Height: 20-25 cm.
Weight: 3-4 kg.
Region of origin: Mediterranean
- a small decorative dog. This breed is considered to be ancient, originating on the island of Malta. She is famous for her long, pure white hair that falls like a mantle and her large bulging eyes.
These lapdogs are used as companions. They are very playful and are always happy to run with their owners to catch up. They also love physical exercise, various exercises.
These are very good-natured dogs who treat their owners and their children with tenderness. But they don't like strangers. Maltese lapdogs often have bone problems as well as eye diseases.
Height: 28-32 cm.
Weight: 6-8 kg.
Country of origin: China
Is a very ancient breed mentioned in ancient Chinese chronicles. In those days, the wrinkles on the forehead of this dog were called the "imperial hieroglyph". In the 16th century, pugs entered France, and then spread throughout Europe.
- a decorative breed of dogs, which for centuries kept the Chinese nobility in their palaces and estates. Thanks to its cheerful and non-aggressive nature, the pug quickly won the hearts of its owners and became a favorite in the family.
Height: 15-25 cm.
Weight: about 5 kg.
Country of origin: China
- an ancient decorative breed. They were bred over 2,000 years ago and lived in the palace of the Chinese emperors, being considered a sacred dog. They were not available to ordinary Chinese. The Pekingese who saw the imminent death penalty awaited.
The Pekingese have a mane like a lion, so the Chinese considered them to be little guards. According to legend, once a lion fell in love with a monkey and married her. As a result of their marriage, little Pekingese were born.
This dog never forgets about its imperial origin and always demonstrates it with its proud gait. In fact, she is strong and fearless. If you ignore the Pekingese for a long time, he will make a scandal.
Height: 24-35 cm.
Weight: 8-14 kg.
Is a small fighting dog breed. Despite its small stature, this is a very strong and muscular dog, capable of standing up not only for itself, but also for its owner.
This bulldog is a very sociable and cheerful dog, a wonderful companion with a stable psyche. He likes to meet guests in the house, but if danger arises, he will immediately show aggression and stand up to protect the whole family.
The French Bulldog is a smaller copy of its English counterpart. In fact, he was bred in the UK and then immigrated to France, where he became the darling of the local elite. Today this bulldog is common all over the world.
Weight: 0.5-3 kg.
Height: 15-23 cm.
Country of origin: Mexico
- a dwarf breed of dogs of microscopic size. Experts believe that hundreds of years ago they lived in the wild, and then they were domesticated by the local civilization of the Indians.
This breed of dog is a wonderful companion that fits in the hand and is distinguished by a mischievous and cheerful disposition. He has good health and high intelligence, has an agreeable disposition. There are types of these dogs in short and elongated fur.
They are very mobile and curious, have a bold, lively character. They never show anger, aggression or cowardice. Despite their small size, Chihuahuas are tireless and very hardy.
Height: about 25 cm.
Weight: 1.5-3.5 kg.
Country of origin: Japan
- decorative breed of dogs, they used to live in the imperial palace and entertained the emperor and his entourage. Only the nobles could own Chins. And today these dogs are used as companions.
The Chins are believed to be the ancestors of the Pekingese brought to Japan by Tibetan monks. For many centuries this country was closed from the world, and when it opened in the 19th century, the Japanese chins began to spread throughout the world.
They are very intelligent, temperamental and brave dogs. They are good friends, unobtrusive and clean, very delicate and aristocratic, rarely bark. Japanese Chins create a positive atmosphere in the family and home.
Full list of small dog breeds:
Medium dogs
Height: 50-55 cm.
Weight: about 25 kg.
Country of origin: UK
- an old breed of dogs, they are referred to as bodyguards and companions of a person. The modern standard was established in the middle of the 19th century. Today the English Bulldog is the national symbol of Great Britain.
This dog, according to the British, has all the features of a true gentleman. She is phlegmatic, aristocratic, respectable. The disadvantage of the breed is that in the process of its formation it has turned from a real fighting game into a decorative one.
The first mention of bulldogs appeared in English literature in the 17th century. They were then called both bull and bear dogs. Initially, they were used for baiting bulls, later bulldogs were used for hunting wild boars.
Boxer
Height: 53-63 cm.
Weight: from 30 kg.
Boxer Is a descendant of the English Bulldog and Mastiff, bred in Germany. For the first time, images of similar dogs appeared in the paintings of German painters back in the 17th century. And the modern boxer arose in the middle of the 19th century in Munich.
The Boxer turned out to be a non-aggressive and controlled dog. He is very loyal to his master and loves small children. The boxer is a great companion, he loves to play, to walk, perfectly lends itself to training.
This breed is often used as service dogs for police work. They are excellent watchmen and bodyguards. Dogs are highly intelligent and well-balanced, so they often work as guides.
Height: 53-56 cm.
Weight: 23-32 kg.
Country of origin: UK
This is one of the varieties of terriers, bred in the middle of the 19th century. This is a descendant of a cross between an English Bulldog, Dalmatian and White Terrier. As a result, the Bull Terrier has collected the best features of these breeds.
This dog is very active, strong, hardy and has high intelligence. In the UK today, keeping a bull terrier is a high taste. The dog has a freedom-loving and cheerful character. Requires training.
Height: 54-62 cm.
Weight: 24-32 kg.
Country of origin: Croatia
Similar breeds have been known since ancient times. Archaeologists have found ancient Greek images of such dogs. This means that the breed is old and appeared several millennia ago.
Has a balanced character and proportional body. This is a very strong and active dog, requiring significant physical exertion and long walks, loves to run long distances.
The dog has a short and harsh coat that sheds every year. After molting, the color may change. All over the body - black or brown spots on a white background. Nuance: the Dalmatian does not smell like a dog.
Height: 51-61 cm.
Weight: 20-35 kg.
Country of origin: UK
This dog breed appeared in the 17th century. Collie - Shepherd Dog, which was used by shepherds to search for and guard sheep. The breed does not have a single standard. So, in the USSR, long-haired collies were up to 10 cm higher at the withers. They are also higher in the USA.
Collie - a very peaceful and good-natured breed, it lends itself well to training. Always obeys the owner implicitly. Collie requires significant physical exertion and a lot of space, it cannot be kept on a chain.
The dog has a stable psyche and calm character. She is very sociable and sociable, a good companion, loves children. She is often used as a babysitter for babies.
Height: 54-57 cm.
Weight: 27-40 kg.
Country of origin: Canada
Originally bred as a hunting dog, today it is used as a companion. The history of the breed begins in the 19th century. At first, only black labrador was recognized, later fawn and chocolate colors were recognized.
Labrador Retriever has a strong build, wide chest. It is a strong and hardworking dog with a gentle disposition that loves long walks and great physical activity. It adapts well to the proposed circumstances.
- an excellent hunter, has an excellent instinct and good intellect. He is very fond of swimming and bathing. If you are looking for a true friend, the Labrador is the ideal choice: a kind, loyal, obedient and affectionate dog.
Height: 55-65 cm.
Weight: 20-40 kg.
Country of origin: Germany
It was bred to be used for herding purposes. Today it is used to guard people or property, and as a companion or family dog. Often serves in the police and the army.
The breed originated at the end of the 19th century and originally had an off-white color. Further, the improvement of the German Shepherd Dog in Germany acquired a national scale, until a breed standard was developed.
The German Shepherd has excellent physical stamina and mental balance. She is very intelligent, agile and easy to train. The German Shepherd Dog easily changes the owner and faithfully serves the new one.
Height: 50-60 cm.
Weight: 15-28 kg.
Country of origin: USA
The breed originated from the aboriginal dogs of the Russian Far East. This is a sled dog descended from the most ancient breeds of the Neolithic period. Today it is widely used as a companion and as a show dog.
Sled dog breeding in the Far East received a new impetus in development in the 17th century after the Russians came there. Large sleds appeared, which required many dogs. Husky and today must necessarily run in a team.
Siberian husky they have thick fur, a pointed muzzle with large erect ears and a fluffy "fox" tail. Dogs have great intelligence and stamina. They are very friendly in nature and are distinguished by external beauty.
Height: 44-51 cm.
Weight: 18-35 kg.
Country of origin: China
It is an ancient breed originally used as fighting dogs in China. Currently, the Shar Pei is doing an excellent job with guard and hunting functions.
The dog has a sandy color, many folds of skin on the neck and body, as well as a bluish-black tongue. She has a sturdy build, small ears and a hippo-like muzzle. With this type of Shar Pei, it is difficult to confuse with any other breed.
Sharpey is not less than 3 thousand years old, the history of its appearance is little known. In the middle of the 20th century, these dogs almost died out, but were rescued by American breeders. Today they are popular and distributed all over the world.
Height: about 60 cm.
Weight: 18-29 kg.
Country of origin: UK
This dog breed has a wonderful, cheerful character. The Airedale is always in good mood, possesses intelligence and fearlessness. He never shows aggression towards people, but he can show stubbornness.
This breed was developed in the middle of the 19th century. It was originally used for hunting. Later, sports competitions with the participation of Airedale terriers became popular. They have great instinct, they are able to run fast. Also dogs are good as guards.
Full list of medium dog breeds:
Big dogs
Height: 65-70 cm.
Weight: 50 to 80 kg.
Region of origin: Central Asia
- the oldest breed of dogs bred naturally by the shepherds of Central Asia for grazing sheep. It is also widely used to protect people and property. The correct name for the breed is the Central Asian Shepherd Dog.
The formation of this breed took place over 4 millennia. Alabai has the best qualities the oldest shepherd dogs and the famous war dogs of one of the homelands of mankind - Mesopotamia.
The constant struggle for life has tempered the character of this amazing dog, made it strong and fearless, a real defender of man. Alabai and today guard the herds and guard the police and army.
Height: 58-63 cm.
Weight: 35-38 kg.
Country of origin: USA
- one of the most ancient dog breeds, bred by the Eskimos. It is designed to work in harness. These dogs are the real symbol of Alaska. The Alaskan Malamute breed is divided into two types.
The first species looks very similar to a large and strong gray wolf, from which the Malamutes originated. The second species is smaller in size, can have black and white, white or blue color. Both species have the working qualities of a sled dog.
Height: from 75 cm.
Weight: from 70 kg.
Country of origin: UK
Mastiff - an old, purely English breed of dogs, bred in the IX century, is the largest European Great Dane. This dog is very strong and ferocious towards strangers. It has been used for hundreds of years for hunting big game and in military service.
Experts believe that the English Mastiff descended from a huge mastiff-like dog that lived in ancient times in Tibet, and then spread throughout the Ancient East. Later, these dogs were brought to Britain by the Celts and were selected.
Height: 63-74 cm.
Weight: 20-30 kg.
Country of origin: UK
This long-haired greyhound is designed for hunting. It was brought to Britain by an English officer in the late 19th century. This is a very sociable dog that simply adores people, especially children, but it is extremely difficult to train.
Afghan hounds - an ancient breed. It is believed that the biblical Noah took a couple of such dogs with him to the ark. Greyhounds have lived in the East for several millennia. Experts believe that they came to Afghanistan from Persia, where they grew long hair in the mountains.
Height: 62-70 cm.
Weight: 40-55 kg.
Country of origin: Belgium
As a hound breed, they were bred in Belgium in the XIII century in the family of a priest. These dogs became famous for being widely used for official purposes in the police. They effectively track down and catch criminals.
Also, this breed was previously used to guard dignitaries, royal palaces, etc. Dogs have a beautiful short and smooth six, usually red with black tan marks.
Bloodhounds have a balanced character and very rarely show aggression. They are great friends and companions, but today they are rarely used as guards. dogs have a very kind character.
Height: 58-68 cm.
Weight: 45-50 kg.
Country of origin: France
Dogue de bordeaux or mastiff - a breed of dog bred several hundred years ago. For a long time it remained in the shadows, and only in the XX century gained real popularity and demand.
It is a powerful, muscular and squat dog, whose body is covered with thick skin with many folds. The coat of the Great Dane is short, it fits snugly to the body, the color is all shades of red.
Dogue de Bordeaux has a strong and calm character, is very attached to its owner. He should definitely be trained, and then you will get an intelligent, good-natured and courageous friend.
Height: 68-72 cm.
Weight: 63-70 kg.
Country of origin: Germany
- a dog breed that was bred in Germany at the end of the 19th century. Dogs have a powerful and muscular body, a very beautiful silhouette and choleric temperament.
The Doberman is very friendly and peaceful, loves its owners, especially children. This breed combines the blood of shepherds, pinschers, terriers, etc., it contains the best qualities of its parents.
Dobermans are widely used in law enforcement agencies, they have an excellent sense of smell, are able to find a criminal, weapons, drugs. These dogs have high intelligence and are highly trainable.
Height: 65-70 cm.
Weight: 55-70 cm.
Country of origin: Canada
Is a well-known breed of dog that used to be used as a labor force. Dogs have thick and long fur of black or brown color and webbing between the toes.
Experts disagree about the origin of this breed, but they are sure that the blood of the black wolf, which is extinct today, flows in the blood of the Newfoundland. It is also believed that they have the blood of mastiffs, huskies, molossians, Pyrenees dogs, etc.
Previously, they were used as draft animals for the transport of significant loads. And the fishermen taught these dogs to pull nets with fish. They are very smart, therefore they are able to carry out more complex assignments from people.
Height: 70-85 cm.
Weight: 25-45 kg.
Country of origin: Russia
This hunting breed is famous for its long silky coat. The first mentions of these dogs appeared in the 17th century, when they were called Circassian hounds and were widely used for hunting.
These dogs have excellent eyesight and hearing, they are aggressive towards animals, they can develop significant speed when running for short distances. In relation to a person, the Russian greyhound is friendly, loyal, has a phlegmatic character.
Height: 65-90 cm.
Weight: from 70 kg.
Country of origin: Switzerland and Italy
- an ancient breed of dog, the origin of which is not known for sure, is most often attributed to Asian or ancient Roman mastiffs, crossed with local Alpine dogs.
According to legend, the breed was bred in the XI century by the monk Bernard, who founded a shelter high in the Alps. Centuries later, St. Bernards began to be used to rescue travelers caught in mountain avalanches.
St. Bernards are very strong and big dogs, distinguished by their special devotion to people and very loving children. They still work in the mountains, rescuing those caught in an avalanche, carrying loads and serving as companions for lovers of the highlands.
Complete list of large dogs.
The dog is one of the most beloved pets. A person deciding to have a pet is sometimes lost in a huge number of breeds. By breed is meant a specific group of dogs that are similar in appearance. All individuals within the breed carry genetic characteristics from the ancestor animal. The breeds are not the result of evolution, but the "handiwork of man" who bred many breeds for his own purposes.
All dog breeds are subspecies Canis lupus familiaris, which, in turn, stands out from the canine wolf species. Characteristics each breed is obtained as a result of selection. It is worth noting that dog breeds are a category not recognized by biological classification.
Interesting! The concept of breed does not apply to wild animals. It correlates with the concept of subspecies, race, population in the classification of wild relatives of dogs.
All dog breeds have the following traits:
- the composition of each breed is a certain number of individual animals, which from generation to generation transmit morphological and useful properties for humans;
- dogs of the same breed are similar in appearance and behavior, since they are descendants of the same set of ancestors, which were artificially selected by humans in the process of selection;
- the dog's breed is confirmed by genetic analysis or by a written record of its origin. Pedigree books - this is the name of the records that are kept by organizations, dog clubs or individuals;
- the breed of dog is the result of the domestication of animals by humans. Working on a breed, a person can change it in the desired direction.
There are about 400 dog breeds on the globe. The number of animals within the breed is very diverse. There are breeds with a huge number of dogs, distributed all over the world, for example, german shepherds, yorkshire terriers, chihuahuas... There are breeds, the number of which can be several dozen individuals, or dogs are popular only in a certain area. So, tibetan Mastiffs you rarely see acquaintances or friends on the streets or as pets. These animals guard monasteries in Tibet. AND portuguese water dog rarely seen even in Portugal. At the beginning of the last century, this breed was even on the verge of extinction, but thanks to the enthusiasm of a Portuguese businessman, a breeding program began.
What is an Aboriginal Dog Breed?
An important condition for the identification of the breed is its recognition by any canine service, a dog lovers club. But there are groups of dogs for which purposeful breeding work was not conducted. These are the so-called natural, aboriginal dog breeds.
Their appearance specific characteristics exterior and behavior became possible due to the action of specific environmental conditions, influencing for a long time. The difference between these breeds is that they are not officially registered and documented, and are identified only by their external features and functions. Some aboriginal breeds are recognized over time by canine organizations. This happened with the breed " alabay ": she ceased to be aboriginal when she was recognized by dog \u200b\u200bhandlers as “ central asian shepherd dog". This is one of the most ancient breeds that arose as a result of unconscious natural selection of folk selection. Alabai dogs appeared 4 thousand years ago and served to guard livestock and houses.
What makes Aboriginal dog breeds different?
- some experts note in such a breed the absence of such features as adaptation to urban conditions and sexual dimorphism (external anatomical differences between males and females);
- the greatest genetic diversity and minimum spoilage by human intervention - an advantage over breeds. The loss of genetic diversity has played a cruel joke with breeds that have undergone strong selection. Hereditary diseases and genetic defects are one of their recognized problems.
Classification of breeds. Photos of dogs as evidence of the diversity of breeds
The classification of dog breeds is based on similarities in the exterior and functions performed. After domestication, the first dogs helped humans in hunting and protecting housing. Guard and hunting breeds appeared earlier than decorative ones.
In modern times, the division into groups: sentry, hunting and decorative is conditional. So, many hunting dogs have long been pets, that is, they perform a decorative function. And some hunting breeds are used, for example, in the social sphere or in the police.
The International Cynological Federation divides the existing 400 dog breeds into 10 groups. The specialists of the Russian Cynological Federation, which is a member of the ICF, adhere to the same principle.
Group 1. Sheepdogs and cattle dogs, excluding Swiss cattle breeds
Representatives of these breeds are intended for the protection of livestock. The first shepherd dogs appeared in the nomadic tribes of Asia. Their main function was to protect livestock from wild animals. After dog breeds became known in Europe, the inhabitants of Western countries decided to improve the breed. So, collie dogs provide assistance not only on pastures, but can also look after children.
Group 2. Pinschers, Schnauzers, Molossians, Swiss Cattle dogs
This is a large and diverse group, which includes dogs that perform guard, combat functions. Molossians (Great Danes and Mastiffs) were used as bodyguards.
Group 3. Terriers
The name of the group comes from the Latin word terra,
meaning "earth". It reflects the specificity of the breeds in this group: they are intended for hunting underground, in burrows. Conventionally, all breeds of the 3rd group can be divided into 4 sections:
- toy terriers, literally toy terriers;
- small bull-type terriers;
- medium and large terriers.
There is a wide variety of sizes within the same group. So, the airedale terriers, not in vain called the kings of terriers, have a height at the withers of up to 60 cm, and the Yorkshire terrier is distinguished by its tiny size, which gives it a resemblance to house slippers.
All representatives of the Terrier group, despite their size, are characterized by incredible self-forgetfulness in hunting, excitement and resilience in front of opponents exceeding them in size.
Group 4. Dachshunds
The word "dachshund" means "badger dog" from German. The breed began to be bred in the 16th century in Germany. Within the group, there are three sections of dachshunds: standard, miniature, rabbit. According to the characteristics of the coat, short-haired, wire-haired and long-haired individuals are distinguished.
Brave, independent, with protective qualities - these are the epithets that can be applied to a dachshund. It is indispensable when hunting badgers, foxes and raccoons.
Group 5. Spitz and primitive breeds
The large group includes northern watchdogs and shepherds, northern hunting and sled dogs, Asian and European Spitz. The group also includes 3 sections of primitive dogs, quite rare, for example, Thai Ridgeback, Podenko Isibenko, Canaan Dog.
Group 6. Hounds and related breeds
The group includes a large number of hunting breeds, the main purpose of which is to find a trail of game and chase until the pursued object is exhausted and until the owner catches up with it.
Hounds are characterized by loyalty, persistence in pursuit, sonorous barking, good instinct and obedience.
Group 7. Pointing dogs
The group includes:
- insular Pointing dogs, for example, English breeds: Pointers, Setters, Irish and Scottish Setters;
- continental... They are characterized by origin in a particular country. So, in France there are 12 breeds of cops, and in Germany - 8 breeds. In Russia, the most famous and widespread breeds are the German Shorthaired Pointer and Drathhaar, the Hungarian Vizsla and Pointing Dog, and the Epanyol Breton.
The purpose of the cops is to help in hunting and spotting birds. All cops have a dry, strong constitution, differ in average height up to 70 cm, with hanging ears.
Group 8. Retrievers, spaniels and water dogs
One of the most famous retrievers in the world is the Labrador Retriever. He teamed up with Golden Retrievers, Straight Coated Retrievers, Chesabic Bay Retrievers and Curly Coated Retrievers to form the 1st Section of the group. The group also includes spaniels: German, American Cocker, Clumber Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel (section 2). Composition of 3 sections - lagotto romagnolo (Italian water dog). It should be noted that the Russian Hunting Spaniel is not recognized by the IFF.
Dogs of these breeds are designed to bring down game to their owners from the water.
Group 9. Decorative and companion dogs
This includes dogs of small stature and strong attachment to humans. Among them: pugs, bichons, lapdogs, poodles, chihuahuas, Pekingese, Japanese chins. Each country boasts breeds of decorative dogs bred there.
These breeds are not intended for official purposes, their main task is to brighten up the owners' leisure, please them and give positive emotions.
Group 10. Greyhounds
Greyhound breeds include hunting animals intended for unarmed hunting: Saluki, Afghan Hound, Irish Wolfhound, Spanish Greyhound, Polish Greyhound.
They are distinguished by dry muscles, thin legs, a long torso, and a long, sharp muzzle. They can chase prey for a long time: ungulates, wolves, hares, foxes - in open areas due to their endurance and high running speed.
In modern times, when canine hunts are rare, greyhounds take part in competitions, for example, chasing mechanical hares.
In the photo of all the breeds of dogs presented on the site, you can get acquainted with the whole variety of the wonderful world of dogs.
The day when a pet appears in the house is like a real holiday. The dog is a devoted friend, a cheerful companion and a reliable protector. However, it happens that after a while the pet turns from a source of joy into a real burden. This is often not to blame. right choice breeds. Things to consider before starting a pet:
- additional expenses - any breed of dog requires good nutrition, care products, a visit to the veterinarian, buying toys and other things. Assess your strengths sensibly - can you provide your pet with everything you need;
- time for a dog - any animal requires attention, this includes games with the dog, walks in the park, and time to take care of the fur. Without proper attention, the dog's health will begin to deteriorate;
- purpose of purchase - this parameter is almost the key in the selection of the breed. Decide if you just need a companion or a security guard, for example. If you are planning to breed dogs, then you should choose a purebred pet with documents. If you are looking for a reliable friend, then it is absolutely not necessary to buy an expensive breed;
- potential pranks - all dogs to one degree or another can cause trouble for the owner. Whether it's gnawed shoes, damaged furniture, or loud barking. Rate your endurance and poise;
- changing the daily routine - buying a puppy will inevitably lead to an adjustment in the usual way of life. Indeed, with the chosen breed of dog, you will have to walk, educate it, take care of it;
- living area - looking at dog breeds with photos and names, pay attention to the size of your home. After all, the dimensions of the pet should be commensurate with the square meters of the apartment;
- plan b - Think in advance if you can leave your pet with someone in case you go on vacation or a business trip.
What will help you choose the right breed
Do we converge in character?
The breed of the dog must match the temperament of its owner. If a lazy stay-at-home gets himself an active pet, then no one will get the joy of such a union. The same applies to the situation when an active athlete starts a decorative dog that needs only minimal physical activity. And there are breeds that only experienced owners with a strong-willed character can handle.
Dog breeds for different types of people:
- calm and balanced people are suitable for dog breeds such as pugs and retrievers;
- shepherds, Rottweilers and Dobermans are good for business people;
- if you are a sensual person who wants to give your love and attention in huge quantities, then you should pay attention to;
- for people of an analytical mind, who require order everywhere and in everything, poodles, collies, spaniels, schnauzers are well suited;
- for active people who devote a significant amount of time to walking and sports, huskies, setters, greyhounds are well suited.
Breeds for a house or apartment
Note that even require as much attention from the host as major representatives... Starting a Pekingese, for example, you also have to walk with him and take care of his fur. The option of buying a large breed puppy for an apartment is possible, however, if the territory of the house allows it. Starting a shepherd dog in a one-room apartment, where a family with a child already lives, is an extremely unreasonable decision.
The apartment content has several important nuances. First of all, you cannot let your pet go for a walk on its own, especially when it comes to a large breed. You should always be there and control the dog. Training and socialization is also a necessity for a four-legged city dweller, because he will be in contact with other animals and people.
Subject to all the rules of content, you can safely start and. An excellent option in this case are shepherd dogs, poodles, labradors, spaniels, boxers. These breeds have a developed intellect, a good level of socialization, a kind disposition and a tendency to obedience.
Of course, miniature dogs are the most acceptable option. Take a closer look at pugs, scotch terriers, toy terriers and Pekingese. These pets are extremely unpretentious in the choice of food and the level of care. As a rule, they are not too intrusive, and some representatives are even quite independent.
In the case of buying a puppy for your home, you practically have no restrictions in your choice. Both large and small pets will suit you. The only question is the temperament of the breed and its compliance with your requirements.
What is the breed's coat?
An important factor is the length of the pet's coat. Smooth-haired breeds are the preferred option in most situations. They do not require careful care of the fur, and will not cause much trouble during the shedding period.
Long-haired dogs are very attractive, but to maintain their condition, you will have to regularly comb the coat, comb it, bathe your pet, use shampoos and conditioners, and visit a hairdresser.
The choice of breed is significantly limited in the event that potential owners are allergic to wool. In this case, you need to pay attention to hypoallergenic breeds. The poodle is the best candidate.
It is also important to make the right choice regarding the age of the puppy. The older he becomes, the more difficult it will be to accustom him to your order in the house, to teach commands, to adjust "for himself." Dogs in adolescence are already matured and difficult to influence.
However, it is also impossible to take a very small puppy. In this case, you can seriously harm the health of the future pet. His immunity will be weak if he is taken too early from his breast milk. It will also entail psychological trauma.
What gender to have a pet?
Having decided on the breed of the dog, a new question becomes on the agenda - what gender is it worth buying a puppy. Consider the features of bitches and males. Bitches:
- more quickly become attached to people;
- lend themselves better to education and training;
- can be used for breeding puppies;
- need more attention than males;
- can cause inconvenience to the owner during estrus, so if you do not plan to breed puppies, you should think about neutering.
Males are emotionally more assertive and active. They are more in line with the standards of the breed of dogs, more often participate in exhibitions and competitions. Males have innate leadership inclinations, so a strong character is needed to obey them. Also, "men" tend to show constant interest in the opposite sex, while bitches are attracted only a few times a year.
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