How old is the face. Age-related changes in the face
After 30 years you look the way you deserve - they say among the people. But this is only partly true. Different skin types age differently.
Some girls notice the first signs of age on their faces as early as 18 years old, but in fact we start aging much later. The appearance of mimic wrinkles and age spots, which sometimes “spoil” young skin, has nothing to do with the aging process of the body. All of the above is the result of insufficient skin care, but not signs of age.
Real age-related changes appear on the face only after 30 years, when the processes of cell renewal slow down in the body, microcirculation is disrupted and metabolism decreases. But at this time it is too early to talk about skin withering - an indispensable stage of its aging, although the status of the skin is still changing. The skin of a woman after 30 years in the language of cosmetology is called mature. Nevertheless, you should not be upset.
Photos: 123RF /lenetstan
The skin is a hormone-dependent organ, and at the age of 30-35 all vital hormones are still produced in sufficient quantities. This means that if you take care of it correctly, taking into account not only its type and individual characteristics, but also the type of aging, you can achieve amazing results.
How to care for your skin after 30
If you evaluate the condition of the skin of women at this age, you can see that it will be completely different. Some of the fair sex will look 20 years old, as if biological age has no influence on them. Others can be given "all 35" - pronounced wrinkles, a decrease in skin turgor, a floating oval of the face. Does this mean that the first ladies took better care of their skin, and their care products were more effective?
Not really. Have different women not only the type of skin (normal, dry, oily, combination) and its condition (sensitive, dehydrated) differ, but also the type of facial aging. Only taking into account all the factors, you can stay young and beautiful longer. There are three important secrets for this:
- The main secrets of preserving youthful skin.
- Professional cosmetics.
Secrets of youthful skin: 5anti-age tips
If you want to see your skin healthy and beautiful as long as possible, do not believe in the miraculous properties of cosmetics. The skin is a reflection of the changes that occur inside the body, which means that caring for it should be comprehensive. A portion of cream in the morning and evening is not enough, you must lead healthy image life!
Get plenty of sleep
The skin of 30-year-old women reacts sharply to stress, so lack of sleep is immediately reflected on the face. Skin covering it becomes dull, gray, the eyelid area turns red, and if you also lean on coffee or alcohol in the evening, swelling appears. Sleep - best medicine from stress, including for your face!
A photo: 123RF / Lightwave Stock Media
Study sports
The results of an interesting study were published by specialists from McMaster University in Ontario. They gathered two groups of like-minded people from 20 to 84 years old. The first group went in for sports three times a week, and the second did not practice intense loads. Skin biopsy showed that in the elderly people from the first group, the qualitative characteristics of the deep layers of the skin corresponded to young skin! While the second has a biological age. There is something to think about, right?
Eat a healthy diet
Is it trite? But effective! You can talk for a long time about the dangers of fast food, but it's better just not to eat it. Eliminate or at least limit store sausages and sausages, semi-finished products, as well as pasties and pies from the tray - the skin condition will immediately improve. And if you still drink at least 1.5 liters of water a day, your skin will visually become brighter and fresher, and from the inside it will be optimally hydrated.
Use funds withSPF all year round
After 25-30 years, the risks of pigmentation, which are difficult to correct, increase. To prevent this problem, apply sunscreen cream to the face, neck, décolleté and hands. The minimum SPF is 30.
Photos: 123RF /WavebreakMediaLtd
Plan your anti-aging care
After 30 years, a woman should switch to anti-aging cosmetics. Regular moisturizer and simple morning and night cleansing are no longer enough. To keep the skin velvety, fresh and youthful, you will have to expand the cosmetic arsenal. An anti-aging moisturizing cream, nourishing cream (evening), toning lotions, moisturizing and regenerating masks and serums should settle on your dressing table.
The 9 best ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics:
- hyaluronic acid;
- peptides;
- ANA acids;
- retinoids;
- vitamins A, C and E;
- seaweed;
- collagen.
How different skin types age
Tired type of aging: moderately dry to normal skin
Stellar example: Kim Basinger, Julia Roberts.
A photo:Globallookpress.com
The first type of aging affects women with normal to moderately dry skin, sometimes with increased sensitivity... Usually they have an asthenic (thin) or normosthenic physique, the face is oval or diamond-shaped. In the morning, the skin looks great, pleases with freshness and blush, and by the evening it takes on a tired look, nature seems to “throw in” 3-5 years. The main reason for the changes is the violation of microcirculation in the deep layers.
Main features:
- Dull complexion, acquires an earthy tint with age.
- Decreased skin turgor and muscle tone.
- Descent of the corners of the eyes and mouth.
- The manifestation of the pattern of the nasolabial triangle and the lacrimal groove.
- Visual loss of volume.
What to do?
First of all, you should take care of good rest as effective means reduce skin stress. When choosing cosmetics, give preference to components that improve complexion and stimulate collagen synthesis. These are products with vitamin C, antioxidants and AHA acids.
Be sure to practice self-massage of the face. The procedure carried out in accordance with all the rules will improve the movement of blood in the lymph and tissues, and will noticeably refresh. And do not forget about salon care - lymphatic drainage procedures will be useful - classic manual massage, myolifting, vacuum lymphatic drainage. Chemical peels are recommended once a year to improve the condition of the skin and stimulate collagen synthesis.
Deformation type of aging: oily and combination skin
Stellar example: Svetlana Kryuchkova, Sophia Loren.
A photo:Globallookpress.com
It will not be difficult to recognize on the street a woman prone to this type of face aging - this is about 60 percent of our compatriots. This is how “heavy” full faces age. The skin of beautiful ladies is most often combined or oily, porous, often with rosacea and hypersensitivity to cosmetic care. The defining symptom of the deformation type is the sagging of the tissues, as the name implies - the eyelids become bag-like, the face circumference "floats", the cheeks drop. The reasons for the unpleasant changes are an excess of subcutaneous fat and a decrease in skin turgor.
Main features:
- The appearance of puffiness.
- The appearance of "flews", double chin.
- Bags under the eyes.
- Vascular mesh (rosacea).
- The cheeks hang over the nasolabial fold.
- The oval of the face is lost.
What to do?
With this type of facial aging, prevention is the most important thing. Unfortunately, with the existing age-related changes - overhanging of the skin of the upper eyelids and cheeks, the appearance of fatty hernias, etc. - effective only surgical intervention... Therefore, it is so important to start thoughtful skin care in time to prevent imperfections. Specialists show procedures that can restore muscle tone and thereby tighten the skin. This is sculptural massage, myostimulation, a course of modeling masks. At home, you can pamper your skin with alginate and paraffin masks, rely on anti-couperose creams and serums, and also use care cosmetics that improve microcirculation in the layers of the skin. Creams containing seaweed, vitamins K, P and C are useful.
Fine wrinkled type of aging: normal, dry sensitive skin
Stellar example: Andie MacDowell, Audrey Hepburn.
A photo:Globallookpress.com
The beautiful half of humanity with this type of aging has normal or dry sensitive skin. Since such skin is rather thin and light, with age it does not stretch under the influence of the law of gravity, but retains its shape. But there is some unpleasant news! It is covered first by small, and then by deep wrinkles. Over time, the face loses its beautiful porcelain glow - the skin requires moisture and protection. To keep it bright and fresh longer, it literally needs greenhouse conditions.
Main features:
- Constant feeling of dryness and tightness of the skin.
- Acute reaction to cold and heat.
- Facial wrinkles appear in the forehead area.
- Wrinkles are visible on the upper and lower eyelids.
- Crow's feet and wrinkles around the lips are clearly visible.
- Pigment "blots" appear.
What to do?
The "golden rule" of caring for such skin is protection. In the cold season, a protective nourishing cream should be applied before going outside, and in a warm season - a product with sun filters. At the first sign of rashes and irritations, you will need an anti-allergic agent. In addition to all of the above, daily care should include a cream based on hyaluronic acid - a cult skin moisturizer, with soothing ingredients and phytoestrogens.
If you are not afraid of injections and are ready for injection techniques, try mesotherapy sessions (injecting hyaluronic-based cocktails and gels under the skin). Among other methods, the condition of the skin will be improved by massages on top of a nourishing cream and a course of regenerating masks.
Combined aging: all skin types
Stellar example - Irina Alferova, Brigitte Bardot.
One of the most complex types, which is characterized by all the characteristics listed above. Briefly, but succinctly, the aging process can be described as “all at once”. The face acquires a sullen expression, edema and wrinkles occur. At the age of 30, it is difficult to recognize it, since aging is like a tired face, after which other signs join. However, if you have a normal physique, but have a tendency to be overweight, keep in mind that you are at risk.
Main features:
- Formation of wrinkles.
- Decreased skin firmness.
- Pronounced nasolabial folds.
- The overhanging of the cheeks is noticeable.
- The brow ridges are lowered.
- The oval of the face gradually loses its definition.
What to do?
Since the mixed type of aging implies successive changes in appearance, each problem should be addressed separately. When wrinkles appear, they can be corrected by injection techniques (based on botulinum toxin), loss of skin turgor - by modeling massage or lymphatic drainage hardware procedures.
In home care, anti-aging products, contrast procedures, washing with ice cubes are good. A mandatory component of care should be a program to prevent hyperpigmentation. Accustom yourself at least once a year to consult a cosmetologist to track the changes that have occurred and select the necessary cosmetics.
Be healthy and beautiful!
Ends at 14. After that, the face begins to lose its childish softness, its features sharpen. The first fluff on the face may appear, and the Adam's apple increases. By the age of 20, the jaw, jaw lines and forehead become clearer, and the nose gets rid of adolescent roundness. The bridge of the nose is outlined, the skin becomes denser and loses its childlike softness. Already at this age, small mimic wrinkles may appear.
All children are similar to each other, but characteristic features formed under the influence of genetics and character appear in the face.
Mature facial features
In the period from 20 to 30 years, the formation of the face takes place. The cheekbones, chin and jaw become more prominent. The face coarsens a little, a sharp delineation of its contours appears. Wrinkles that were not noticeable earlier become more pronounced. During this period, the formation of the face is influenced - its features and facial expressions are literally reflected not in appearance. The eyes look more deeply set than at 20. Symptoms of baldness may begin.Average age
From the age of 45, signs of aging are clearly reflected on a person's face. The forehead, eyelids and corners of the mouth are covered with a mesh of wrinkles. The skin on the jaws sags a little. A double chin may appear. The contour of the face softens and becomes less sharp. Whiskey and region eyeballson the contrary, they become more contoured. Both men and women have gray hair. At the age of 45, many develop farsightedness and require glasses.
The aging process is highly dependent on heredity and lifestyle. Someone turns gray by the age of 30, while others have pronounced wrinkles only after 50 years.
Appearance at 60
By this age, wrinkles are very noticeable. Bags and circles appear under the eyes. Hair becomes thinner, many men go bald completely. The bridge of the nose and the area around the eyes are sharpened. The eyes themselves are set even deeper. The brow ridges are more acute. The skin sags and becomes thinner, through it you can clearly see the relief of the skull. The upper eyelids, cheeks, and earlobes become fleshy and lose clarity.Elderly face
From the age of 80, the face is completely covered with a net of wrinkles. The eyes become smaller due to sagging upper eyelids. The lips look thinner, they are also covered with wrinkles. The cheeks sag even more, and the cheekbones become sunken. The nose lengthens, and its silhouette looks sharper and more bony. The wrinkles deepen even more. Hair becomes completely gray and thinner.The problem of aging, "return of youth" and prolongation of life, have been of interest to a person since ancient times. Nature has endowed a person with a short life span, but his physiological resources, his reserves, a margin of safety are designed for more. The following facts are known: an old man lived in Iran, who at 195 was still working without glasses, and in Bolivia, one woman was able to work at 203. In 1925, in Hungary, a married couple died when he was 172 and she was 164. There are many examples of longevity in the Caucasus, but the average life expectancy of a person remains low: 60-70 years, and in some countries up to 40 years. Some researchers believe that 30% of people who have died over the age of 85 died not from diseases, but from the loss of the ability to resist disorders that would cause minimal changes at a young age.
The above examples of longevity are examples of physiological old age - a natural biological process, morphological and functional changes in the body. These changes affect the internal organs and systems, as well as the tissues that make up the external appearance of a person.
Along with the inevitably advancing physiological old age, an irregular process often takes place - premature old age, which occurs early, as a result of pathological changes and conditions. There are known examples of premature old age, which occurs before the full maturation of the body.
Before setting out the structural, anatomical and functional age-related changes in the face, it is appropriate to give the characteristics of the face of an elderly person.
The soft tissues of the face become flabby, bone structures are more clearly manifested;
The cheekbones stand out more and accentuate the sunken cheeks;
The cheeks "collapse" due to loss of skin elasticity, weakening of the chewing muscles and loss of teeth;
The chin protrudes forward and upward;
The lips lose their volume, become thinner and "fall through", especially with the loss of front teeth or their abrasion, the number of vertical wrinkles on the lips increases;
The distance between the tip of the nose and the chin decreases, the relief of the nasolabial fold softens, and the nasolabial fold becomes more pronounced;
Due to the weakening of the circular muscle of the mouth and other labial muscles, changes general form mouth slit: it visually "compresses", and the corners of the mouth drop down;
The tip of the nose thickens and becomes tilted downward;
Hair appears in the nostrils;
Due to the weakening of the cartilaginous structure, the outlines of the nose lose their clarity;
Wrinkles, folds and age spots are visible on the skin;
The temples become flat, sometimes sunken, which is associated with atrophy of the temporal muscle, the outlines of the saphenous veins and arteries may appear;
The eyebrows become stiff, bushy, their hair can move down or up from the eyebrow line;
The skin of the eyelids loses its elasticity, becomes flabby, this is especially noticeable on the upper eyelid, transverse wrinkles or large folds form on it; due to the accumulation of adipose tissue, it is possible to push forward the bundle of the eyelid, resulting in a view of the middle part upper eyelid changes;
Numerous wrinkles are formed around the outer corner of the eye, around the lower eyelid, sometimes reaching the temple;
Eyelashes thin and lose their shape;
IN lower eyelids fatty deposits and fluid accumulate, as a result, bags are formed, in addition, the swelling of the lower eyelids may be associated with some diseases;
The eyeballs sink into the orbital sockets, the contours of the eyes change, which is associated with a reduction in adipose tissue in the orbital region;
The fold of the eyelid is reduced due to the weakening of the levator muscle and the circular muscle of the eye;
The pupil decreases;
The iris changes color slightly, which is associated with a decrease in the amount of pigment;
Thin convoluted capillaries may appear on the conjunctiva;
Due to the infiltration of the lipid substance, the sclera becomes yellowish;
The cornea loses its luster and clarity, which is associated with a decrease in the amount of tear fluid;
The lens becomes denser, acquires a yellowish tint, it becomes cloudy;
The auricles are elongated due to the loss of elasticity of the cartilaginous structure; the earlobe sags, vertical wrinkles and folds appear on it; hairs appear on the inner surface of the tragus, at the entrance to the external auditory canal;
In front of the tragus, thin vertical wrinkles are visible (in men, they appear earlier than in women);
Wrinkles behind the ears are more clearly defined;
Hair thinning, turning gray, thinning or falling out; this process begins in the frontotemporal regions and at the crown;
In postmenopausal women (over 50), hair may appear on the face, usually above the upper lip and chin.
Age-related changes are determined by the time of their appearance, and depend on the speed and degree of change in individual signs. The degree of aging is considered to be the totality of age-related changes in the body at a given moment.
These changes occur constantly, and after certain intervals, the same signs will have different severity, depending on the rate of aging. Thus, the rate of aging is the change in the rate of aging per unit of time.
The human body is aging according to the same physiological laws as the body of other animals. Senile changes in a person and his appearance, in particular the face and neck, are considered a manifestation of complex interrelated processes occurring in the body, depending on a decrease in the activity and functional capacity of many organs and systems. These processes are defined at the macro and micro levels. An example of morphological changes at the macro level is age-related changes connective tissue and blood vessels, which gave rise to the well-known saying: "Man has the age of his vessels." Changes at the micro level relate to cellular processes that directly or indirectly depend on genetic information encoded in the DNA base sequence of germ cells.
It is well known that in recent decades in economically developed countries, the average life expectancy of people has increased dramatically. But this increase is not a consequence of slowing aging. Sociologists and demographers attribute this to a sharp decline in childhood mortality, a decline in fertility, and the success achieved in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Statisticians argue that mortality among elderly and senile people, at present, does not differ significantly from the mortality rate of people of this age in the last century.
Physiological old age is a natural, biological process of structural and functional changes in the body, proceeding for a long time and unevenly. The speed of these changes, leading to the premature aging of a person and his appearance, depends on many factors closely related to each other. The physical and mental state of the body is certainly reflected in the external appearance of a person and especially on his face, which is figuratively formulated in the expression: "A person's face is a mirror of his soul and body." Excessive positive or negative psycho-emotional overstrain (stress), causing vasospasm and disruption of trophism, predispose to premature aging and can cause early age-related skin changes, in particular the appearance of wrinkles and folds.
Under the influence of the above reasons and environmental factors, the most pronounced changes occur in soft tissues face and neck, which depend on the condition of the skin, subcutaneous fat and muscles. Since these tissues, together with the bone-cartilaginous skeleton, mainly play the role of plastic material of the face, any changes in them are reflected in the external appearance of a person. Their structure, turgor, elasticity, spatial orientation, color and other qualities determine its architectonics and expressive properties. The activity of mimic and chewing muscles, the preservation or absence of teeth, and the peculiarities of articulation play an important role in the features of the structure of the face. With age, all facial tissues are rebuilt, as a result of which its shape and expressiveness change.
The subcutaneous fat layer, at first hypertrophying, gradually atrophies and is replaced by coarse collagen fibers. Its localization is also redistributed. If in adolescence the fat layer predominates on the cheeks, then with age it atrophies and is deposited most of all in the chin region. In this regard, the shape of the face changes - it lengthens. If baldness is added to this, then the face appears even longer. Muscle tone and function is weakened, their density and volume decrease. A decrease in the motor activity of the muscles impoverishes the facial expressions and plastic expressiveness of the face, which becomes mask-like, the circular muscle of the mouth atrophies, the lips become thinner and wrinkled, their mucous membrane becomes thinner, the Cupid's line is smoothed out.
Paired muscles take part in the shaping of the face - the chewing and temporal muscles themselves. In youth, they give the face a rounded shape, and with age, due to their atrophy and thinning of the fat layer, the cheeks and temporal regions sink. The facial muscles themselves are relatively thin, so their role in the shaping of the face is insignificant. However, due to the peculiarity of their attachment, they play a major role in facial expressions during dynamic movements (conversation, smile, laughter, facial expressions), in the movement of the facial skin, which predetermines the early appearance of wrinkles and facial folds. Due to the fact that they are mainly grouped around the natural openings - the eye sockets, mouth, nose, ear, these areas are earlier than others and undergo senile changes.
Even more pronounced morphological changes occur in the skin, which is associated with a thickening of elastic and a decrease in collagen fibers, a change in fat distribution. In addition, the skin of the face grows much faster and over time much longer than the facial skeleton. An increase in skin mass and structural changes associated with these factors lead to the formation of natural folds, a change in the shape of the soft parts of the face and, ultimately, to a coarsening of its features.
Structural, anatomical and functional age-related changes in the tissues of the face and neck lead to pronounced morphological signs of aging, manifested first of all in the form of wrinkles. In some places they are formed transversely (forehead, neck), in others - radially (outer corner of the eye), in others - in parallel (upper lip, cheeks). The appearance of certain folds on the face reflects not only age-related changes, but also captures the imprints of a person's character in a peculiar way. By the predominance of certain folds on a person's face, one can recognize the features of his character, transferred emotional experiences. Thus, with excessive activity of the "attention muscle" on the forehead, lateral folds form early, giving the face an expression of concentrated attention and surprise. If in a person the pyramidal muscle ("muscle of the proud") was functioning most actively, then transverse folds appear prematurely in the region of the bridge of the nose and the inner corners of the eyebrows drop, fixing on the face an expression of severity, discontent, severity.
The ability to manage emotions and facial movements helps to delay the manifestations of age-related changes.
Despite the fact that age-related changes in the face are individual and diverse, scientists have managed to systematize them, highlighting the main and secondary signs. The first include a decrease in the elasticity of soft tissues, dryness and thinning of the skin, its wrinkling (folding), senile deformation. The second - edema and pastiness around the eyes, porosity of the skin, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia and others. At different age periods, they can manifest themselves to varying degrees and do not coincide in time. But the main four signs are necessarily present in all people, and the secondary ones are only possible. Their phased appearance is described by many authors, but approximately they coincide. I.I.Kolgunenko (1974) presented them as follows. First of all, the elasticity of soft tissues decreases, which manifests itself in their increased displacement relative to the skeleton. A similar lethargy of the tissues of the whole face or its parts in many people occurs as early as 25-30 years. Clinically, it is manifested by the porosity of the skin. In the age group from 17 to 25 years old, the porosity of the skin appears from 18-20 years, and sometimes even earlier. Another major sign of aging is wrinkles and folds, which may or may not be due to skin laxity. IN early period (at the age of 20) they are formed with a dynamically active state of the face (laughter, smile, conversation) and for a short time, completely disappearing. At the age of over 25, they are no longer completely smoothed, and rather thin dry skin ages. The order and time of the appearance of wrinkles are more or less natural. The severity of wrinkles is determined either by a descriptive method (initial, medium, pronounced and sharp) or in millimeters. In addition, wrinkles are categorized in order. The first order wrinkles include the frontal, nasolabial and corners of the eyes. To the wrinkles of the 2nd order - interbillous, pregrain, cervical; 3rd order - on the earlobes, on the bridge of the nose, on the upper and lower lip. 4th order wrinkles cover the entire surface of the face. In men, wrinkles appear 2-5 years earlier than in women, although facial expressions in the latter are usually richer.
Frontal wrinkles become noticeable from the age of 20. By the age of 30 they are more pronounced, and at the age of 50 the frontal wrinkling becomes sharply expressed (Fig. 52).
Figure: 52 Timing of the appearance of wrinkles
The nasolabial folds appear at the age of 20-25, and by the age of 35 they deepen and turn into a furrow, sharply expressed at 45-50 years.
The folds at the corners of the mouth begin to deepen at age 35.
Infraorbital wrinkling appears by the age of 25, as well as wrinkles in the outer corners of the eyes (“crow's feet”).
Pregrain wrinkles become noticeable in men at the age of 30-35, and in women at 40.
Neck wrinkles appear from the age of 25, going down and anteriorly with age, and glabellar wrinkles - at a later age (50-55 years).
Wrinkles of the 3rd order are easily detected at 55-60 years old. Earlier facial wrinkling is promoted by professional and characteristic habits, the condition of the dentition, the height of the lower third of the face, which decreases with erasure of teeth, deep bite and defects in the dentition. In addition to the formation of wrinkles, other facial appearances also change with age: the configuration of the hairline, the eyebrows increase in width and drop, the swelling of the upper eyelid disappears, the red border of the lips becomes thinner, and the corners of the mouth drop. By the age of 50-55, the width of the face increases, its height in the bite decreases, and the profile of the face changes.
Age-related changes in the shape of the face (senile deformity) occurs in the later stages of life. But some of its parts are deformed as early as 30-40 years old (for example, eyelids). The descending soft tissues of the face change its oval, emphasize the nasolabial and cheek-chin folds. Deep wrinkles at the corners of the mouth increase its size and exacerbate the impression of drooping corners. The redistribution of soft body mass and the change in the axes of orientation leads to the fact that with age the face acquires an expression of severity, severity and sadness. The described picture is aggravated by the absence of teeth and the thinning of the alveolar processes, which serve as support for the lips and cheeks. In this regard, the lips pucker and sink, emphasizing the protrusion of the nose and chin.
A number of other signs are also attributed to age-related changes:
Brown age spots ("senile buckwheat" or "senile freckles");
yellowish seals on the skin, possibly cysts;
bulging pigmented skin lesions that look like warts;
persistent bruising, bruising;
reddish vascular formations in different areas of the face - on the lips, auricles and etc.;
capillary nets on the nose, cheeks and other places.
The constitutional and architectonic features of the face are manifested most of all with age, therefore they are used in classifications of age-related changes. I.I.Kolgunenko (1974), basing this classification on three features - a decrease in the elasticity of soft tissues, wrinkling and senile deformation, identified five types of early stages of aging and one type of late stage.
She attributed premature aging and an early form of natural aging to the early stages. Among them, the first type is characterized by a "tired face", i.e. a decrease in the elasticity of the soft tissues of the face and neck; the second type is a "wrinkled face" with fine wrinkles; the third type is a “deformed face” with senile deformity of the face and neck; the fourth is a combined type with the inclusion of the three previous features; the fifth is the muscular type.
The late stage of aging includes the middle and late forms of natural aging, forming the sixth type, in the form of "senile emaciated face".
According to the first type, people age with an average position between a wide and narrow face, with normal in youth and moderately dry skin in middle age, with an average severity of the subcutaneous fat and muscle layer. During this period, tissue fading begins, but there are no permanent wrinkles yet. The face shape remains unchanged, although its youthful roundness has already disappeared.
For the second type of aging, wrinkles are the main ones. It is characteristic of narrow oval faces of asthenics, with poorly developed subcutaneous fat, dry thinned skin of the face. Constitutionally, these people are not inclined to be overweight, and therefore at the age of 35-45 they have a stable weight.
The third type of aging predominates in persons of a pyknic nature, with oily, porous skin and large facial features. Constitutionally, they tend to be overweight already at 35 years old. Since these people have an increased subcutaneous fat layer, they have long time the roundness of the face shapes is preserved, and there are no wrinkles. However, over time, gravity moves the fat layer to the lower part of the face and neck. In this case, the cheeks droop and fall, changing the oval and configuration of the lower part of the face; in addition to this, the area around the mouth is deformed, deepening the nasolabial folds; a second chin is formed. Changes are also found in the shape of the upper part of the face, especially around the eyes. Therefore, the dominant feature of this type of aging is pronounced deformation of soft tissues, leading to a change in the shape of the face.
Facial aging according to the fourth (combined) type occurs, as a rule, in people with moderate subcutaneous fat, moderate thinning and dry skin.
The fifth type of aging is characteristic of persons with developed facial muscles, moderately moist and moderately oily and elastic skin, difficult to displace relative to the underlying tissues. Due to the fact that the aging of the face in them proceeds according to the type of hypotrophy and atrophy of the skin and muscles, bypassing the stage of hypertrophy of the subcutaneous fat, these people age later than others. According to this type, the Japanese, Mongols, inhabitants of Central Asia, etc. are aging.
The sixth type of aging occurs after 75 years of life, when both the main and secondary signs of aging are pronounced.
The age-related changes described above in the bone skeleton and soft tissues of the head and face significantly change the shape of both its parts and the general appearance. Cheeks, eyes, mouth and temples sink. Against this background, the nose, chin, zygomatic and superciliary arches protrude significantly forward. The proportions of the face change - bottom part decreases and the nose and ears increase. Atrophy of adipose tissue and a decrease in the height of the bite lead to sagging of the stretched skin around the mouth and cheeks. The nasolabial and buccal-chin folds and wrinkles of all kinds stand out sharply. Lips become thinner, change shape and color. All this ultimately causes deformation of the face, changing its shape beyond recognition.
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Puzin M.N.The face is a mirror of a person. M., 1993.
Speransky V.S., Zaichenko V.I.The shape and construction of the skull. M., 1990.
Ulitovsky S.B.Gioconda's mysterious smile. 2002
Fedosyutkin B.A., Korovyansky O.P.Combined graphical method for restoring the appearance of the skull. M., 1985.
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Izard C. Human emotions. New York, 1977
Nasolabial folds can be a problem at twenty-five, so the sooner you start fighting, the better.
What to do: Most effective methods for today - bioreinforcement and biorevitalization, and with very deep folds - fillers with hyaluronic acid.
2. Dark circles under the eyes
Fotodom / Rex Features
The main reason for the well-known bruises under the eyes, and, among other things, crow's feet is thin skin in this area of \u200b\u200bthe face with a minimum of fatty layer. Often we simply ignore the problems in this area, pushing them into the background, despite the fact that an older, mature look immediately adds extra years.
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What to do:On early stage folk remedies will come to the rescue, stimulating blood circulation - compresses from green tea or herbal decoction, ice cubes, as well as various preparations with caffeine, extracts of blueberry, plantain, arnica.
If the process has already started, your friends will be products with ANA acids, retinol, peptides or hyaluronic acid. And at the beautician try such procedures as peels, mesotherapy, thermage and Fraxel.
3. Skin color
Fotodom / Rex Features
The skin of a young person literally glows from the inside and has even tone... However, over time, the process of renewing skin cells slows down, making the complexion dull and pigmentation much more noticeable.
What to do:On initial stages whitening face creams help fight pigmentation, and full sleep helps with dullness. Next - photorejuvenation and Fraxel. And do not forget to regularly use SPF cream, monitor your health, and get enough sleep, of course.
4. Oval face
The problem of "floating" outlines is largely the result of heredity. Sometimes at 30, sometimes at 35, or even later, but there comes a period when the skin in the chin area begins to sag. Further, violations of the oval of the face only continue to increase, and by the age of 45, the chances of violations are already 80%.
What to do: Facial gymnastics will be an ideal prevention. Well, if the situation requires serious intervention, chin reinforcement and thread reinforcement will come to your aid. And by the way, a change in the oval of the face can be caused not only by the aging process, but also, for example, by the presence of hormonal disorders, so a consultation with a gynecologist will not hurt.
5. Hands
Fotodom / Rex Features
No matter how perfectly smooth our face is, our main business card always betrays us insidiously. Pigmented spots, wrinkles, protruding veins - these are the main companions of age. In addition, the nails become thinner and more fragile, and yellow pigments appear on them, which, firstly, is not very aesthetically pleasing, and secondly, it also hints at the real numbers in the passport.
What to do:About 80% of typical age-related changes in the hands are caused by exposure to ultraviolet sunlight. Use special sunscreens regularly and be sure to wear gloves when doing any housework or gardening. And, of course, a laconic manicure in neutral noble shades will visually add freshness to the pens.
6. Neck
Fotodom / Rex Features
One of the most mobile parts of the body is also one of the most prone to age-related changes. However, as in the situation with circles under the eyes, they remember this problem only at the moment when it already makes itself felt quite clearly.
What to do: Big role posture plays with the neck. Slouching only adds a fold or two, so we always watch the shoulders and head position. In the fight against folds and wrinkles in this area, cosmetology also offers plasma lifting, ultrasonic lifting and fillers.
7. Excess weight
Fotodom / Rex Features
Unnecessary pounds not only provoke the appearance age signs both outside and inside, they also visually make us older. We add to this a violation of posture and we get an extra ten years by age.
What to do:You need to deal with excess weight smoothly and gradually. If unnecessary volumes are a genetic problem, it is best to seek individual advice from a nutritionist. If this is the result of nightly "zhory" and stormy weekends, we take as a basis the principles proper nutrition - and running to the gym. If desired, you can support the result with procedures: lipolysis, cavitation and ozone therapy.
Text: Yulia Demina
Skin changes are among the most visible signs of aging. Wrinkles and sagging skin are evidence of age. Discoloration or graying of hair is also an obvious sign of aging.
Function and structure of the skin
Our skin has many functions. It protects us from the environment, helps control body temperature and water and electrolyte balance, contains nerve receptors that allow us to feel various sensations, such as touch, pain and pressure, warmth or cold.
Although leather has many layers, it can generally be divided into three main parts:
The outer part (epidermis) contains horny skin cells, pigments and proteins.
The middle part (dermis) contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. The dermis contains nutrients in the epidermis, providing individual skin thickness, mechanical strength and elasticity.
The inner layer under the dermis (subcutaneous layer) contains sweat glands, some hair follicles, blood vessels, and fat. Each layer is composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers to create support and elastin fibers to provide flexibility and strength to the skin.
Age changes
Skin changes are related to environmental factors, genetics, nutrition, and other factors. The most significant factor, however, is the sun. This can be seen by comparing areas of our body that are regularly exposed to sunlight with areas of our skin that are protected from the sun's rays.
Natural pigments provide some protection from sun and induced skin damage. Blue-eyed, fair-skinned people are more prone to early skin aging than people with darker, more heavily pigmented skin.
As the body ages, the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) becomes thinner, although the number of cell layers remains unchanged.
The amount of pigment contained in cells (melanocytes) decreases, while the remaining melanocytes increase in size. Thus, the skin becomes thinner, paler and more translucent. Large age spots, the so-called age spots, age spots, freckles appear on open areas of the skin.
Changes also occur in the connective tissue, decreasing skin strength and elasticity. These changes are called elastosis and are especially noticeable on exposed skin areas exposed to the sun (solar elastosis). Elastosis resembles skin changes similar to chapping that can be seen in farmers, sailors, and others who spend a lot of time outdoors.
The blood vessels in the dermis become more fragile. This leads to bruising and hemorrhages under the skin, this is the so-called senile purpura, cherry angiomas, and similar manifestations.
Sebaceous glands produce less grease as they age. In men, this decrease is hardly noticeable, usually after 80 years of age. In women, the decrease in the production of grease occurs gradually, and this is especially noticeable after the onset of menopause. A decrease in the amount of skin secretions often leads to dry and itchy skin.
The subcutaneous fat layer becomes thinner, reducing its normal insulation and protection. This increases the risk of skin damage and decreases the ability to maintain body temperature. Because you have less natural subcutaneous fat isolation, the higher your risk of hypothermia in cold weather.
The sweat glands produce less sweat as you age. This reduces the body's ability to maintain normal temperature body, and the person becomes more susceptible to overheating, or the possibility of heatstroke.
Mature and aging skin regenerates more slowly than young skin. Wound healing can be up to 4 times slower. This contributes to the development of pressure sores and infections. Diabetes, changes in blood vessels, decreased immunity, and other similar factors also affect healing.
Skin growths such as moles birthmarks (nevi), warts, atheromas and other defects are more common in older people.
Skin diseases are so common among the elderly that it is often difficult to distinguish between normal changes and those associated with a general disorder of the body. More than 90% of all elderly people suffer from some type of skin disease.
Skin conditions can be caused by many conditions, including:
Blood vessel disorders such as atherosclerosis
- Diabetes
- Heart disease
- Liver diseases
- Deficiency nutrients
- Obesity
- Reaction to medications
- stress
Other causes of skin changes:
Allergy to plants and other substances
- Climate
- Clothing
- Impact of industry and household chemicals
- Heating and air conditioning systems
Sunlight can cause:
Loss of elasticity (elastosis)
- Benign neoplasms skin, keratomas (keratoacanthomas)
- Pigmentation changes such as age spots
- Thickening of the skin
Sun exposure is also directly linked to the occurrence of skin cancers, including basal cell epitheliomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and melanoma.
Typical appearance face and neck changes with age. Muscle tone can be lost, resulting in a flabby and saggy face. The jaw can begin to sag, resulting in a "double chin" in some people. In some people, the nose lengthens slightly and may be more noticeable.
There may also be an increase in the number, size, and color of age spots on the face. This is largely due to the sun.
The skin becomes thinner, dry, with well-visible wrinkles. Although wrinkles are inevitable to some extent, frequent exposure to the sun and cigarette smoking contribute to their early development.
The ears may lengthen slightly in some people (this is probably caused by cartilage growth). Some men may find that they develop ear hair that gets longer, coarser, and more visible as they age. The sulfur glands in the ears are reduced in number and activity, and the earwax becomes drier. This dry more easily blocks the ear canal, reducing hearing ability.
Eyebrows and eyelashes become gray or gray. The skin around the eyelids becomes loose and wrinkled, often resembling "crow's feet". The eye sockets lose some of their fatty deposits, causing the eyes to appear sunken and restrict eye movement. Bags may appear on the lower eyelids, and sag upper eyelids quite often, it also affects the vision. A grayish-white ring may develop on the outer surface of the eye (cornea). called the "Senile arc" or Arcus senilis. The iris loses pigment, making most of the eyes of very old people gray or light blue.
Loss of teeth can lead to puckered lips, and the jawbone loses some of its bone material, which can reduce the size of the lower face. The forehead, nose, mouth and thus appear more pronounced. Gums can also recede, contributing to dental problems and altering the appearance of the mouth and lips.
Prevention of age-related skin changes
Since most skin changes are associated with sun exposure, prevention is an ongoing process.
The main preventive actions boil down to the following:
Prevention sunburnif at all possible.
- Use a good sunscreen when it's sunny outside, even in winter.
- Wear protective clothing and hats as needed.
- Good food and adequate fluid intake are also beneficial. Dehydration increases the risk of skin damage.
- Taking vitamins. Sometimes mild nutritional deficiencies can cause a rash, itchy skin and other skin changes, even if there are no other symptoms.
- Regularly moisturize your skin with moist lotion, cream and other moisturizers. Do not use perfumed or highly scented soaps. Hydrated skin feels more comfortable and heals faster.