Dosage of piracetam tablets for adults. Piracetam - a drug to improve metabolic processes in the cerebral cortex

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Piracetam. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Piracetam in their practice are presented. A big request to actively add your reviews about the drug: did the medicine help or not help get rid of the disease, what complications were observed and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Piracetam analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of vascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and pressure in adults, children (including newborns), as well as during pregnancy and lactation. The action of the drug.

What is this medicine

In Russia and a number of other countries, Piracetam is used in practice for the treatment of psychiatric, neurological and other diseases. Under the action of the drug, ATP in the brain tissue increases, glycolytic processes are activated. According to studies, the drug improves brain function in case of oxygen starvation.

Drug group

Pharmacotherapeutic group: nootropic agent.

international generic name: piracetam

Brand Name: Piracetam

Latin name: Piracetamum

Compound

The main component of the drug is piracetam, the amount of content in 1 tablet is 200 mg. Contents of other components:

• Copovidone.
• Polyethylene glycol.
• Hydroxypropylcellulose.
• Titanium dioxide.
• Polydextrose.
• iron oxide.
• Iron oxide yellow and red.
• Intermediate triglycerides.

Mechanism of action and properties

Pharmacology

Pharmacological action - nootropic.

Main characteristic

Piracetam is a nootropic that works directly on the brain to improve cognitive processes such as learning and mental performance, memory and concentration. The effect of the drug on the central nervous system is carried out in several ways: by improving metabolic processes in nerve cells, by changing the rate of propagation of excitation in the brain, by improving microcirculation, it does not cause a vasodilating effect when exposed to the rheological characteristics of the blood.

In the brain, it improves blood flow and improves connections between the hemispheres. The drug reduces the adhesion of red blood cells and restores their elasticity, blocks platelet aggregation.

Due to hypoxia, it restores impaired brain functions. Piracetam, according to experimental data, enhances the effects of antidepressants and, when used together, can increase their effectiveness. Also, according to the PASS study, the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke has not been proven.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug is linear and does not depend on time. 3 days after the start of administration in the blood plasma, a constant concentration of the drug is reached.

How long does it take for the drug to work? The effect occurs 30 minutes after absorption of the drug from the digestive tract. Accumulation in the brain tissue occurs after 4 hours. The same time is required for half-life from the body. A little longer is excreted from the cerebrospinal fluid, up to 8.5 hours. Not metabolized in the body.

What is output?

90% of the drug is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The half-life can be increased due to insufficient kidney function. The kinetics of Piracetam does not change in patients with hepatic insufficiency.

Effect on the kidneys. Since the drug is excreted by the kidneys, it is important to exercise caution during the course of therapy in patients with renal insufficiency. In the case of the final stage, the drug is contraindicated. If you need to take the medicine for a long time, you need to monitor the functioning of the kidneys.

Effect on the liver. In patients with impaired liver function, dose adjustment is not required.

Indications

What does Piracetam treat? Why do narcologists, neurologists and psychiatrists prescribe the drug?

According to the instructions, the drug can be prescribed in such cases:

• dizziness, imbalance, headaches due to poor circulation;
• intoxication and hypoxia, concussion and trauma;
• bad memory, inattention.

From what Piracetam also helps, not everyone knows. In addition to the above, the benefits of the drug were noted in the following cases:

• used in the complex treatment of drug addiction and alcoholism;
• in case of poisoning with sleeping pills;
• used for depression, apathy and other mental illnesses.

What else do you need Piracetam for?

• for the treatment of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's;
• hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Release form

The most commonly prescribed dosage form is 200 mg tablets. However, the drug is produced in other forms:

• capsules 400 mg;
• tablets 200 mg and 400 mg;
• solution for injections 20% (1 g of piracetam in 1 ampoule for injections);
• granules for children for the preparation of a solution.

To the question what better pills or capsules, there is no exact answer. Both forms of the drug are absorbed through digestive tract, however, in this case, the capsules dissolve faster.

Choosing between tablets and ampoules, if an intensive recovery method is required brain activity preference is given to injections. In this way, the drug penetrates the tissues faster, bypassing the digestive tract.

Instructions for use

How to take or inject?

The tablets are intended for oral administration. It is taken whole, without chewing, washed down with a large volume of water. According to the approved annotation of the injection manufacturer, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. In the first case, glucose or sodium chloride solution is used as a solvent.

The dosage for adults when taking tablets is 30-160 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2-4 times a day. Dosage for children in the range of 30-50 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2-3 times a day. The minimum course of therapy is 3 weeks. If necessary, the doctor can adjust the dosage and period of use of the drug. The maximum daily dose for children is 1800 mg.

The dosage for injection is:

• psychoorganic syndrome - 2-4 g per day, it is possible to increase the dose to 6 g. Treatment is prescribed for up to 15 days;
• after a stroke - 4.8 g per day for up to 15 days;
• alcohol withdrawal syndrome - 2.4 g per day for up to 15 days;
• sickle cell anemia - 160 mg / kg, during a crisis - intravenously 300 mg / kg. The same dosage is acceptable for children after 1 year.

Side effect

Possible negative reactions to Piracetam:

• CNS: dizziness, imbalance, insomnia, headache;
• psyche: depression, anxiety, nervousness, hallucinations;
• immunity: hypersensitivity to the drug, anaphylaxis;
• digestive tract: indigestion, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain;
• skin: dermatitis, rashes, itching, urticaria;
• blood: clotting disorder.

Other side effects include weight gain, increased blood pressure, and excessive sweating. Injectable forms can cause a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in body temperature.

Contraindications

It is forbidden to treat the drug with:

• hypersensitivity to piracetam or pyrrolidone;
• psychomotor agitation;
• Huntington's disease;
• children's age up to 3 years;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• renal failure (end stage).

Use in children

Children from birth can already be prescribed this drug. It can be included in the complex treatment of postpartum trauma and hypoxia. The use is also justified for enuresis, oligophrenia, dropsy of the brain, developmental delay.

What helps the drug for older children? Mostly children over 5 years old take medicine for attention deficit disorder, dyslexia. Helps children increase the speed of assimilation of information in the learning process.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Penetration of the active substance occurs through the placental barrier. In newborns, plasma concentration reaches 70-90% of that in the mother. During pregnancy, you should stop taking Piracetam.

Active substance penetrates through breast milk. At the time of breastfeeding, the drug is contraindicated, otherwise it is worth interrupting the feeding process.

Use in the elderly

The drug can be prescribed to pensioners as a preventive measure for many diseases, in senile psychosis and dementia, in the treatment coronary disease reduces the need for nitroglycerin.

Driving a car and other mechanisms

At the time of taking the drug, it is necessary to drive vehicles with caution and engage in other activities where increased attention is needed.

Do you need a prescription

The drug from pharmacies is dispensed by prescription.

Compatibility with other drugs

Piracetam is often prescribed in complex treatment. At drug interaction with antidepressants, psychostimulants and cardiac drugs, Piracetam enhances their effect.

It is not recommended to use the drug and hormones together thyroid gland, since it is possible adverse reactions. In the complex treatment of epilepsy, the abolition of anticonvulsant drugs is contraindicated, since Piracetam is able to lower the threshold for convulsive activity.

Alcohol compatibility

Alcohol in itself is harmful, and in case of diseases it is completely contraindicated. The consequences of taking the drug and alcohol are unpredictable. Ethyl can both enhance the effect of the drug and reduce it. healing effect.

Some are wondering if Piracetam and alcohol are compatible. Despite the fact that the drug can be prescribed for withdrawal symptoms, it is not compatible with alcohol. You can start taking the medicine 10-12 hours after drinking alcohol.

Analogues of the drug Piracetam

Structural analogues for the active substance:

• Lucetam;
• Memotropil;
• Nootobril;
• Nootropil;
• Noocetam;
• Pirabene;
• Pyramem;
• Pyratropil;
• Piracetam Bufus;
• Piracetam MS;
• Piracetam Obolensky;
• Piracetam Vial;
• Piracetam Ratiopharm;
• Piracetam Richter;
• Piracetam Eskom;
• stamin;
• Cerebril;
• Escotropil.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

• Film-coated tablets: yellow, biconvex, two layers are clearly visible in the cross section (200 mg - 60 pieces in cans, in a carton pack of 1 can; 400 mg - 10 pieces in blister packs, in a carton pack of 2 or 3 packs; 800 mg and 1200 mg - 10, 20 and 30 pieces in blister packs, in a carton pack 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 12 packs, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 90, 100 or 120 pieces in polymer cans, 1 can in a cardboard bundle);
• Capsules hard gelatin: with a red body and a black cap, size No. 1; the contents of the capsules are white or almost white powder (10 pieces in blisters, 6 blisters in a cardboard box);
• Granules for the preparation of syrup for oral administration (for children): light pink, a brownish precipitate is allowed in the syrup (56 g and 100 g each in glass jars, 1 jar in a cardboard bundle);
• Solution for injection 20%: colorless or slightly colored, transparent (5 ml each in glass ampoules, 5 ampoules in an insert, 2 inserts in a cardboard box);
• Solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration: colorless or slightly colored, transparent (5 ml in ampoules, 5 ampoules in a blister pack, in a carton box 1 or 2 packs).

Active ingredient: piracetam - 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg and 1200 mg in 1 tablet; 400 mg in 1 capsule; 2000 mg and 2800 mg in 1 granule jar; 200 mg in 1 ml solution for injection and solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection.

• Film-coated tablets: polyvinylpyrrolidone, basic magnesium carbonate, potato starch, calcium stearate, film-forming coating Opadry II (talc, soy lecithin, polyethylene glycol 3550, polyvinyl alcohol, iron oxide E172);
• Hard gelatin capsules: propyl parahydroxybenzoate, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, titanium dioxide, gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, colloidal silicon dioxide, brilliant blue dye, sunset yellow dye, azorubine dye, Ponceau 4R dye;
• Syrup granules: sugar and fillers;
• Solution for injection 20%: diluted acetic acid, sodium acetate trihydrate, distilled water;
• Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration: potassium phosphate disubstituted, sodium phosphate monosubstituted, distilled water.

Indications for use

Piracetam is used in psychiatric, narcological and neurological practice.

• Comprehensive treatment of depressive conditions resistant to antidepressants;
• Sluggish-apathetic defective conditions in atrophic and senile processes, schizophrenia and psychoorganic syndromes of various origins;
• Comprehensive treatment of mental illnesses that occur on "organically defective soil";
• Epilepsy;
• Astheno-dynamic and neurotic depressive states of various etiologies with a predominance in clinical picture senesto-hypochondriac and asthenic disorders, signs of adynamia and phenomena of ideational retardation;
• Poor tolerance to neuroleptics and other psychotropic drugs (in order to prevent or eliminate the mental, neurological and somatovegetative complications they cause).

• Chronic alcoholism with persistent mental disorders (intellectual-mnestic disorders, asthenia);
• Relief of pre- and delirious, withdrawal states in alcoholism and drug addiction, as well as in case of acute poisoning with morphine, phenamine, barbiturates and alcohol.

• Diseases nervous system accompanied by violations of the emotional-volitional sphere and a decrease in intellectual-mnestic functions;
• Vascular diseases of the brain (hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular parkinsonism) with symptoms of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (headache, dizziness, impaired speech, attention and memory);
• Consequences of intoxication and brain injury, coma (in order to increase mental and motor activity);
• Symptomatic therapy in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and Alzheimer's disease.

Piracetam is also used in the complex treatment of sickle cell anemia.

For children, the drug is prescribed for oligophrenia, children's cerebral palsy, mental retardation and when it is necessary to eliminate the consequences of perinatal brain damage and accelerate the learning process.

Contraindications

• Acute stage of hemorrhagic stroke;
• Renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 20 ml / min);
• Chorea of ​​Huntington;
• Agitated depressions (with anxiety);
• The period of pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• Children's age up to 1 year (for tablets) and up to 5 years (for capsules);
• Hypersensitivity to components.

Piracetam is prescribed with caution for extensive surgical interventions ah, violations of hemostasis, severe bleeding, and patients with chronic renal failure with clearance of creatinine ml / min.

Method of application and dosage

Dosage forms for oral administration

The drug in the form of tablets, capsules and granules for the preparation of a solution is taken orally, before meals.

At the beginning of therapy, 800 mg three times a day is prescribed. After improving the condition, a single dose of piracetam is gradually reduced to 400 mg. The daily dose is mg / kg, the frequency of use is from 2 to 3-4 times a day (if necessary). The duration of the course ranges from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. If necessary, you can repeat the course.

For elderly patients with long-term treatment of psychoorganic syndrome, piracetam is prescribed at a dose of mg per day; during the first two weeks, the loading dose is up to 4800 mg per day. During drug therapy, cardiovascular, psychotropic and other drugs can be used simultaneously.

In the post-traumatic period and in the treatment of the consequences of coma, the initial dose is 0 mg per day, the maintenance dose is 2400 mg. Course - 3 weeks.

Children over 5 years of age are prescribed 1 capsule of Piracetam 3 times a day. The maximum dose is 1800 mg per day. The duration of the course of treatment is from 2 weeks to 2-6 months.

In alcoholism, during the manifestation of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, the drug is prescribed at doses per day, maintenance therapy - 2400 mg per day.

With sickle cell anemia, Piracetam is used at a daily dose of 160 mg / kg, divided into 4 equal doses.

To prevent sleep disturbances, the last single dose is taken no later than 17:00.

Dosage forms for injection use

Piracetam in the form of a solution is used intramuscularly and intravenously by stream or drip. The daily dose should be divided into 2-4 doses.

• Dizziness and related balance disorders: mg per day;
• Symptomatic therapy of psychoorganic syndrome: in the first week - 4800 mg per day, maintenance dose - mg per day;
• Sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis (in children and adults): intravenously at 300 mg / kg per day, divided into four equal doses;
• Cortical myoclonus: the initial dose is 7200 mg per day, then every 3-4 days the dose is increased by 4800 mg per day until the maximum daily dose is reached. Therapy is continued throughout the entire period of the disease, trying every 6 months to reduce the dose or cancel the drug, reducing the dose by 1200 mg per day every 2 days. If therapeutic effect insignificant or absent, treatment is stopped;
• Dyslexia in children over 8 years of age (in combination with other methods): 3200 mg per day, divided into 2 equal doses.

Patients with mild chronic renal failure are prescribed 2/3 of the usual dose of piracetam in 2-3 doses; chronic renal failure medium degree- 1/3 dose in 2 doses; severe chronic renal failure - 1/6 of the usual dose once.

Side effects

• Digestive system: vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea;
• Central nervous system: insomnia, imbalance, anxiety, irritability, depression, motor disinhibition, headache, drowsiness, ataxia, asthenia, hallucinations, mental agitation, exacerbation of epilepsy, confusion;
• Metabolism: weight gain;
• Skin: itching, rashes, dermatitis;
• Sense organs: vertigo;
• Allergic reactions: angioedema, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reactions;
• Local reactions: thrombophlebitis, pain at the injection site;
• Other reactions: decrease in blood pressure, fever, increased sexual activity.

In children, especially with mental retardation, when taking Piracetam, the following side effects are possible: restlessness, fussiness, imbalance, increased conflict, anxiety, decreased ability to concentrate, motor disinhibition, irritability.

special instructions

In acute brain lesions, the drug should be prescribed in combination with other methods of restorative and detoxification therapy, and in psychotic conditions - with psychotropic drugs.

In case of sleep disturbances, it is recommended to cancel the evening intake of piracetam and add this dose to the daytime intake.

When treating patients with cortical myoclonus, abrupt discontinuation of piracetam should be avoided due to the risk of recurrence of seizures.

Piracetam penetrates through the filter membrane of the hemodialysis machine.

drug interaction

The drug improves efficiency indirect anticoagulants(when taking high doses of piracetam), thyroid hormones and psychostimulants.

With simultaneous administration with thyroid hormone preparations, central effects may develop - irritability, tremor, confusion, anxiety, sleep disturbances.

Piracetam enhances central action neuroleptics (anxiety, tremor, etc.).

Piracetam solution is pharmaceutically compatible with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, fructose (5%, 10% and 20%) and dextrose (5%, 10% and 20%) solutions, 20% mannitol solution, Ringer's solution and hydroxyethyl starch (6 % and 10%).

Terms and conditions of storage

Store in a dry, dark place at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Keep away from children.

The shelf life of tablets, capsules and granules for the preparation of syrup is 3 years, the solution is 5 years.

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Piracetam - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and formulations (tablets and capsules 200 mg and 400 mg, injections (injections in ampoules)) of a drug for the treatment of vascular disorders, pressure in adults, children and pregnancy

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Piracetam. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Piracetam in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Piracetam analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of vascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and pressure in adults, children (including newborns), as well as during pregnancy and lactation. The action of the drug.

Pharmacokinetics or drug action

• disorders of cerebral circulation;

• epilepsy.

Tablets 200 mg and 400 mg.

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 200 mg / ml (injections) (in 5 ml ampoules).

Tablets or capsules

Symptomatic treatment of psychoorganic syndrome: 4.8 g per day for the first week, then switch to a maintenance dose of 1.2-2.4 g per day.

With sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis (in adults and children): intravenously at 300 mg / kg per day, divided into 4 equal doses.

• nervousness;
• excitation;
• irritability;
• anxiety;
• sleep disorder;
• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea, constipation;
• anorexia;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• convulsions;
• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• fussiness;
• anxiety;
• restlessness;
• imbalance;
• increased conflict.

• depression with anxiety (azhatirovannye depression);
• chorea of ​​Huntington;
• pregnancy;
• lactation;
• children's age (up to 1 year);
• hypersensitivity.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Adequate and strictly controlled studies of the safety of the use of piracetam during pregnancy have not been conducted. Use is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs possible risk for the fetus.

Piracetam appears to pass into breast milk. If necessary, use during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

IN experimental studies in animals, no negative effects of piracetam on the fetus have been identified.

Piracetam: instructions for use, indications, dosages and analogues

Piracetam is nootropic drug, activating mnestic, mental and cognitive function brain. Stimulates intellectual activity, improves mood and mentality in healthy and sick people. Improves connections between the hemispheres of the brain and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures, increases mental performance, improves cerebral blood flow.

It increases the resistance of brain tissue to oxygen deficiency and toxic damage, enhances the synthesis of nuclear RNA and phospholipids, stimulates glycolytic processes, and enhances the utilization of glucose in the brain.

Piracetam is prescribed for cerebral atherosclerosis, vascular parkinsonism, other pathological processes with symptoms of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency with impaired memory, attention, speech, dizziness, cerebrovascular accidents, coma and subcomatose states as a result of brain injuries and intoxications. Additionally, Piracetam reduces the severity of vestibular nystagmus.

After oral administration, Piracetam is rapidly and virtually completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of the drug is almost 100%. After a single dose of Piracetam at a dose of 2 g, the maximum concentration in blood plasma is observed after 30 minutes and after 5 hours in the cerebrospinal fluid.

The drug does not have a sedative and psychostimulating effect on the human body. Currently, the scope of Piracetam includes pediatrics, therapy, narcology, neurology and psychiatry. In total, various pharmaceutical companies in the world produce more than 100 monopreparations with the same active ingredient Piracetam.

Indications for use Piracetam

Piracetam is prescribed for adults and children with diseases of the nervous system of various etiologies, especially those associated with impaired vascular and metabolic processes brain, including elderly and senile patients. Treatment with Piracetam allows you to restore cells damaged during brain injuries.

The medication is part of a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of epilepsy, helps with other complications associated with mental disorders in adults and children.

Indications for use Piracetam:

1. Atherosclerosis
2. Hypertension
3. Parkinson's disease
4. Memory, attention and speech disorders
5. Severe headaches and dizziness
6. Violation of cerebral circulation
7. Consequences of injuries
8. Coma states

In children older than 8 years, Piracetam may be prescribed as part of complex therapy with dyslexia. Also in children, the drug is used for cortical myoclonus and sickle cell anemia.

Instructions for use Piracetam, dosage

Piracetam is prescribed for children and adults in various dosages, depending on the direction of application and the clinical picture of the disease. The use of piracetam in ampoules, tablets or other forms is decided by the doctor. Attention: take the last single dose no later than 17.00 to prevent sleep disturbances.

The initial dosage of Piracetam when using the drug in the form of intravenous injections is 10 g.

In case of severe conditions at the beginning of treatment, Piracetam is used in the form of intravenous drip infusions up to 12 g of the drug per day for minutes. According to the symptoms, the dose is gradually reduced, and then the injections are replaced by a tablet form.

Piracetam tablets, until the patient's condition improves, use 800 mg in the morning, afternoon and evening. Then the dosage is gradually reduced to 400 mg.

The maximum daily dose of Piracetam is 160 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The duration of treatment is one and a half to two months.

In the treatment of chronic conditions, the drug is used orally (before meals), drinking plenty of pure water, starting with 1200 mg (400 mg 3 times a day), and adjusting the daily dosage to 2400 mg, sometimes up to 3200 mg or more. A significant therapeutic effect is observed, as a rule, 2-3 weeks after the start of therapy. In the future, the dose is reduced to mg (400 mg 3-4 times a day).

Treatment of dizziness and related conditions - a daily dose of 2.4 - 4.8 g for 2 - 3 injections.

When treating the consequences of coma, in the post-traumatic period, the initial dose is 9-12 g / day, the maintenance dose is 2.4 g, the course of treatment is 3 weeks.

Cortical myoclonus: the initial dosage of Piracetam is 7.2 g / day, the dose is increased every 3-4 days by 4.8 g / day, up to a maximum dose of 24 g per day. Cancellation of reception should be carried out gradually under the supervision of a physician. Abrupt withdrawal of piracetam can provoke the resumption of seizures.

At symptomatic treatment psychoorganic syndrome during the first week of therapy, take 4.8 g per day, then the dosage is gradually reduced to maintenance - 1.2-2.4 g.

Sickle cell anemia: 160 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Duration as prescribed by the doctor.

At kidney failure a dose reduction is necessary: ​​with a creatinine clearance of 20-29 ml / min - 6 times, 30-49 ml / min - 3 times, 50-79 ml / min - up to 2/3 of the usual dose.

Patients with impaired functional state kidneys need constant monitoring of blood levels of creatinine and residual nitrogen.

Due to the effect of the drug on platelet aggregation, it is recommended to use with caution in patients with impaired hemostasis, during major surgical interventions or in patients with symptoms of severe bleeding.

There is evidence of an increase in the effect of antidepressants and antianginal drugs by the active substance of the drug. With simultaneous use with neuroleptics, there is an increase in extrapyramidal disorders.

Side effects of Piracetam

Piracetam is usually well tolerated by patients, in some cases there may be:

• increased irritability;
• sleep disturbances, hallucinations;
• dizziness, hyperthermia and thrombophlebitis;
• increased fatigue;
• tremor, frequent epilepsy attacks;
• increased sexual activity;
• disorder of the gastrointestinal tract - vomiting, impaired defecation, nausea;
• dermatitis.

In elderly patients, exacerbation of coronary insufficiency may occur, and seizures may become more frequent in patients with epilepsy. It is also possible to develop allergic reactions urticaria and itching.

There may be an increase in possible side effects. First aid is gastric lavage, taking activated carbon. Further symptomatic therapy.

Piracetam analogues, list of drugs

Piracetam analogues in the pharmacy chain (list):

Sometimes, for the same diseases, doctors prescribe a more expensive drug, Nootropil. But if you read the instructions, it becomes clear that this is the same Piracetam, only of a different production.

It is important to understand that the instructions for use of Piracetam, the price and reviews do not apply to analogues - it is strictly forbidden to use this guide for other drugs or as instructions for self-medication. When looking for a substitute for Piracetam, you need to consult a doctor and make sure there are no contraindications. Dosage adjustment may be required.

Storage conditions of the drug

Piracetam is only available with a doctor's prescription. The shelf life of tablets is 3 years, capsules and ampoules with a solution - 2 years.

Piracetam

Instructions for use:

Prices in online pharmacies:

Piracetam is a synthetic nootropic drug widely used in psychiatric and neurological practice.

pharmachologic effect

The active substance Piracetam, acting directly on the brain, improves such cognitive processes like memory, learning ability, attention and mental performance. In addition, the drug has a restorative and protective effect in case of brain dysfunction caused by intoxication and hypoxia.

Piracetam according to the instructions has a different effect on the central nervous system:

• Affects the viscosity of the blood, without having a vasodilating effect;
• Improves the metabolic processes of nerve cells;
• Improves microcirculation;
• Changes the speed of propagation of impulses in the brain.

With the use of Piracetam, communication between the cerebral hemispheres, cerebral blood flow and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures improves.

Release form

Piracetam is produced in dosage form:

• Capsules, 400 mg each. 60 pieces per pack;
• Coated tablets, 200 mg each. 60 pieces per pack;
• 20% solution for injection, in ampoules of 5 ml.

The analogues of Piracetam in terms of the mechanism of action are the drugs Lucetam, Memotropil, Nootropil, Piracetam-AKOS, Escotropil.

Indications for use Piracetam

Piracetam according to the instructions is prescribed for adults:

• For the treatment of dizziness (vertigo), as well as related balance disorders, except for cases of dizziness of psychogenic and vasomotor origin;
• For the symptomatic treatment of a psychoorganic syndrome with an accompanying decrease in activity, memory and concentration, as well as a change in behavior, mood and gait;
• For the prevention and relief of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis;
• For the treatment of cortical myoclonus, both in monotherapy and as part of complex therapy.

According to indications, Piracetam is prescribed to children in the following cases:

• Dyslexia, usually in combination with other methods, including speech therapy;
• Sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis, for prevention and relief.

Contraindications

According to the instructions, Piracetam is contraindicated for:

• Hypersensitivity to one of the components of the drug;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• Pregnancy and lactation;
• Psychomotor agitation;
• Chronic renal failure (CC less than 20 ml / min);
• Chorea of ​​Huntington.

In addition, according to indications, Piracetam should be used with caution in cases of:

• Chronic renal failure (CCml / min);
• Violations of hemostasis;
• heavy bleeding;
• Major surgical interventions.

How to use Piracetam

According to the indications, Piracetam capsules are recommended to be taken on an empty stomach or during a meal. The daily dose is most often divided into 2-4 doses, while the last dose should be taken no later than 17 hours, so as not to cause sleep disturbance. Piracetam in the form of a solution for injection can be used intravenously and intramuscularly in cases of unconsciousness or difficulty swallowing.

When using Piracetam for the treatment of cortical myoclonus, the initial dose of 7.2 g per day is increased by 4.8 g every three days. Throughout the entire period of the disease, treatment is carried out by taking 24 g of the drug per day. After six months of therapy, it is recommended to try to cancel the drug or reduce the daily dose, reducing it gradually by 1.2 g per day. If the use of Piracetam gives a slight therapeutic effect, treatment should be discontinued. It is not recommended to abruptly stop the drug in order to avoid the resumption of seizures.

In the symptomatic treatment of a psychoorganic syndrome, during the first week of therapy, 4.8 g per day is taken, after which the dose is reduced to a maintenance dose of 1.2-2.4 g.

In the treatment of dizziness, as well as related imbalances, 2.4-4.8 g of Piracetam is usually prescribed per day.

For the prevention of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis in children and adults, the daily dose of 160 mg per 1 kg of body weight is divided into 4 equal parts. During therapy, it should be borne in mind that the irregular use of Piracetam can cause an exacerbation of the disease. For the treatment of the disease, the drug should be administered intravenously at a dose of 300 mg per 1 kg per day.

In children over 8 years of age, treatment of dyslexia with Piracetam is effective in combination with other methods. In this case, take 4 capsules (400 mg) twice a day.

In chronic renal failure, it is necessary to adjust the dose taken depending on the severity of the disease:

Side effects of Piracetam

Most often, when using Piracetam, according to reviews, disorders of the central nervous system are observed, such as:

• Motor disinhibition;
• Drowsiness;
• Asthenia;
• Insomnia;
• imbalance;
• hallucinations;
• Irritability;
• Depression;
• Headache;
• Exacerbation of the course of epilepsy;
• Mental arousal;
• Ataxia;
• Anxiety;
• Confusion of consciousness.

In addition, in therapeutic doses, Piracetam, according to reviews, can cause:

• Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain;
• Vertigo;
• Anaphylactic reactions, hypersensitivity, angioedema;
• Decreased blood pressure, fever;
• Increase in body weight;
• Itching, dermatitis, urticaria;
• Thrombophlebitis, pain at the injection site.

When using Piracetam in doses that exceed therapeutic, the risk of developing diarrhea mixed with blood and abdominal pain increases. Since there is no specific antidote, in case of an overdose of Piracetam, the following should be carried out:

• symptomatic therapy;
• induction of vomiting;
• Gastric lavage;
• Hemodialysis (efficiency 50-60%).

With the simultaneous use of Piracetam with iodine-containing thyroid hormones, irritability, confusion and sleep disturbance may occur.

Storage conditions

According to indications, Piracetam can be purchased with a medical prescription. Shelf life of ampoules with solution and capsules is 3 years, tablets - 24 months.

Piracetam (tablets and capsules 200 mg and 400 mg, injections in ampoules for injection) - instructions for use, analogues, reviews, side effects of the drug and indications for the treatment of cerebrovascular accidents, Alzheimer's disease in adults and children

The page contains instructions for the use of Piracetam. It is available in various dosage forms of the drug (tablets and capsules 200 mg and 400 mg, injections in ampoules for injection), and also has a number of analogues. This annotation has been verified by experts. Leave your feedback about the use of Piracetam, which will help other site visitors. The drug is used for various diseases(impaired cerebral circulation, vascular parkinsonism, Alzheimer's disease and other vascular disorders). The tool has a number of side effects and features of interaction with other substances. Doses of the drug differ for adults and children. There are restrictions on the use of the drug during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Treatment with Piracetam can only be prescribed by a qualified doctor. The duration of therapy may vary and depends on the specific disease.

Instructions for use and dosage

Tablets or capsules

Inside, at the beginning of treatment, 800 mg is prescribed in 3 divided doses before meals, with improvement in the condition, a single dose is gradually reduced to 400 mg. Daily dose mg / kg of body weight, frequency of administration - 2 times a day, if necessary, times a day. The course of treatment lasts from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated.

With long-term therapy of psychoorganic syndrome in the elderly, the drug is prescribed at 1.2-2.4 g per day; loading dose during the first weeks of therapy - up to 4.8 g per day. Treatment with piracetam, if necessary, can be combined with the use of psychotropic, cardiovascular and other drugs.

In the treatment of the consequences of coma, in the post-traumatic period, the initial dose per day, maintenance - 2.4 g, the course of treatment - 3 weeks.

With alcoholism - 12 g per day during the manifestation of alcohol withdrawal syndrome; maintenance dose - 2.4 g.

In sickle cell anemia, the daily dose is mg / kg of body weight, divided into 4 equal portions.

Attention: take the last single dose no later than 17.00 to prevent sleep disturbances.

Intravenous stream or drip, intramuscularly. The daily dose is divided into 2-4 doses.

Symptomatic treatment of psychoorganic syndrome: 4.8 g per day for the first week, then switch to a maintenance dose - 1.2-2.4 g / day

Treatment of dizziness and related imbalances: 2.4-4.8 g per day.

Treatment of cortical myoclonus: start with a dose of 7.2 g per day, every 3-4 days the dose is increased by 4.8 g per day until a maximum dose of 24 g per day is reached. Treatment is continued throughout the entire period of the disease. Every 6 months you should try to reduce the dose or stop the drug, gradually reducing the dose by 1.2 g per day every 2 days. With a slight therapeutic effect or its absence, treatment is stopped.

With sickle-cell vaso-occlusive crisis (in adults and children): in / in 300 mg / kg per day, divided into 4 equal doses.

Treatment of dyslexia in children over 8 years of age (in combination with other methods of treatment) - 3.2 g, divided into 2 equal doses.

Tablets 200 mg and 400 mg.

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 200 mg / ml (injections in 5 ml injection ampoules).

Piracetam - has a positive effect on the metabolic processes of the brain, increases the concentration of ATP in the brain tissue, enhances the biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid and phospholipids, stimulates glycolytic processes, enhances glucose utilization. It improves the integrative activity of the brain, promotes the consolidation of memory, facilitates the learning process. Changes the rate of propagation of excitation in the brain, improves microcirculation without having a vasodilating effect, inhibits the aggregation of activated platelets. It has a protective effect in case of brain damage caused by hypoxia, intoxication, electric shock, enhances alpha and beta activity, reduces delta activity on the EEG, and reduces the severity of vestibular nystagmus.

It does not have a sedative, psychostimulating effect. The drug improves connections between the hemispheres of the brain and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures, restores and stabilizes cerebral functions, especially consciousness, memory and speech, increases mental performance, improves cerebral blood flow.

After ingestion, it is well absorbed and penetrates into various organs and tissues. Penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barriers, accumulates in the brain tissue 1-4 hours after ingestion. It is excreted from the cerebrospinal fluid much more slowly than from other tissues. Practically not metabolized. Excreted by the kidneys - 2/3 unchanged for 30 hours.

The drug is used in neurological, psychiatric and narcological practice.

• vascular diseases of the brain (atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular parkinsonism) with symptoms of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (impaired memory, attention, speech, dizziness, headache);
• disorders of cerebral circulation;
• coma, the consequences of trauma and intoxication of the brain in order to increase motor and mental activity;
• diseases of the nervous system, accompanied by a decrease in intellectual-mnestic functions and disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere;
• symptomatic treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

• neurotic and asthenic-dynamic depressive states of various origins with a predominance in the clinical picture of signs of adynamia, asthenic and senesto-hypochondriac disorders, and phenomena of ideational retardation;
• sluggish-apathetic defective states in schizophrenia, psychoorganic syndromes of various etiologies, senile and atrophic processes;
• complex therapy of mental illness occurring on "organically defective soil";
• complex therapy of depressive conditions resistant to antidepressants;
• poor tolerance to antipsychotics and other psychotropic drugs in order to eliminate or prevent the somatovegetative, neurological and mental complications caused by them;
• epilepsy.

• relief of withdrawal, pre- and delirious states in alcoholism, drug addiction, in case of acute poisoning with alcohol, morphine, barbiturates, phenamine;
• chronic alcoholism with symptoms of persistent mental disorders (asthenia, intellectual and mental disorders).

• if necessary, accelerate the learning process and eliminate the consequences of perinatal brain damage, with oligophrenia, mental retardation, cerebral palsy.

In the complex therapy of sickle cell anemia.

• renal failure (CC less than 20 ml / min);
• hemorrhagic stroke (acute stage);
• depression with anxiety (agitated depression);
• chorea of ​​Huntington;
• pregnancy;
• lactation;
• children's age (up to 1 year);
• hypersensitivity.

In the treatment of acute brain lesions, piracetam is prescribed in combination with other methods of detoxification and rehabilitation therapy, in the treatment of psychotic conditions - with psychotropic drugs.

In the treatment of patients with cortical myoclonus, abrupt discontinuation of the drug should be avoided (risk of recurrence of seizures).

Use with caution in patients with impaired hemostasis, after extensive surgical interventions, severe bleeding.

In the treatment of patients with cortical myoclonus, abrupt discontinuation of the drug should be avoided (risk of recurrence of seizures).

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

During the period of treatment, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require an increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Side effects are most often observed at doses above 5 g per day:

• nervousness;
• excitation;
• irritability;
• anxiety;
• sleep disorder;
• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea, constipation;
• anorexia;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• convulsions;
• increased sexual activity;
• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• fussiness;
• anxiety;
• restlessness;
• motor disinhibition;
• decreased ability to concentrate;
• imbalance;
• increased conflict.

Increases the effectiveness of thyroid hormones, indirect anticoagulants (against the background of high doses of piracetam), psychostimulants.

When administered with neuroleptics, it reduces the risk of extrapyramidal disorders.

At simultaneous reception with neuroleptics, their central action (tremor, anxiety, etc.) is enhanced.

Analogues of the drug Piracetam

Structural analogues for the active substance:

Piracetam

The use of piracetam

Piracetam is a nootropic drug widely used for the treatment of psychiatric diseases, in narcology and neurology. Improves memory, stimulates the brain, cerebral blood flow. After the use of piracetam, mental performance increases. Released without a prescription.

Diseases for which piracetam is used

• Coma.
• Severe poisoning.
• Acute withdrawal syndrome.
• Diseases of the nervous system.
• Metabolic disorders of the brain.
• Vascular parkinsonism.
• Atherosclerosis of the brain.
• Insufficiency of blood circulation of the brain.
• Schizophrenia.
• depressive states.
• Various mental illnesses (as part of complex therapy).
• Alzheimer's disease and other senile dementias.
• Cardiac ischemia.
• Myocardial infarction.
• Acute viral neuroinfections.
• Chronic alcoholism, drug addiction.
• Intellectual deficiency.
• Memory disorders.
• Cerebroasthenic disorders.
• brain ischemia.
• Encealopathic disorders.

Instructions for use of piracetam

Inside, intravenously, intramuscularly. If necessary, treatment with piracetam is combined with the use of other drugs, including psychotropic ones. The drug should be taken orally before meals.

Varieties of piracetam

Ampoules with solution for injection:

Piracetam dosage

Side effects of piracetam

• Headache.
• Dizziness.
• Irritability, anxiety.
• Aggression.
• Tremor.
• motor hyperactivity.
• Insomnia.
• An increase in body weight is possible.
• Pain in the stomach.
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Allergic reaction.
• Coronary insufficiency (in the elderly).

Piracetam contraindications

• Agitated depression.
• Renal failure in acute form.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Diabetes in children.
• hemorrhagic stroke.
• Pregnancy, lactation.
• Age up to 1 year.
• Huntington's disease.

Taking with extra care:

• Heavy bleeding.
• Violation of hemostasis.
• Epilepsy.
• Extensive operations.
• Hyperthyroidism.

Piracetam during pregnancy

During pregnancy and lactation, piracetam is contraindicated. Treatment during pregnancy is possible only as a last resort. Breastfeeding during treatment with piracetam should be discontinued.

Piracetam tablets: instructions for use

Piracetam tablets are a representative of the pharmacological group of medicines - nootropic drugs. They are used to improve the functional activity of brain structures in various pathologies of the central nervous system.

Release form and composition

Piracetam tablets are enteric-coated, round, biconvex and yellow. The main active ingredient of the drug is piracetam, its content in 1 tablet is 400 mg. It also contains auxiliary components, which include:

• Hydroxypropylcellulose.
• Copovidone.
• Intermediate triglycerides.
• Polyethylene glycol.
• Polydextrose.
• iron oxide.
• Titanium dioxide.
• Iron oxide red and yellow.

Piracetam tablets are packaged in a blister of 10 pieces. A cardboard pack contains 3 or 6 blisters and annotation to the drug.

pharmachologic effect

The main active ingredient of Piracetam tablets has several biological effects on the structures of the central nervous system, which include:

• Improving metabolic processes (metabolism) in brain cells (neurocytes) and blood circulation in the tissues of the structures of the central nervous system.
• Strengthening the utilization (assimilation) of glucose in neurocytes with the complete release of energy.
• Suppression of aggregation (gluing) of platelets, which leads to an increase in the intensity of blood flow in the vessels of the brain.
• Protective effect on brain cells, which prevents their damage.
• Improving the integrative ability of the brain.

These biological effects determine the nootropic effect of the drug. At the same time, it does not have a sedative (calming) or psychostimulating effect.

After taking the Piracetam tablet orally, the active substance is quickly and almost completely absorbed into the systemic circulation from the intestinal lumen. It is evenly distributed in the tissues of the body, penetrates through the blood-brain barrier into the structures of the central nervous system, through the placental barrier into the body of the developing fetus during pregnancy, and also into breast milk during breastfeeding. Piracetam is metabolized in the liver to form inactive compounds that are excreted from the body mainly in the urine.

Indications for use

Taking Piracetam tablets is indicated for the pathogenetic therapy of a number of pathological manifestations of a violation of the functional activity of the brain in various pathologies of the central nervous system:

• Decreased concentration, emotional lability (sudden mood swings for a short period of time), dementia (decrease in mental abilities), memory impairment, dizziness with the development of the consequences of acute or chronic insufficiency cerebral circulation, after brain injury, in old age, Alzheimer's disease (neuro-degenerative pathology of the brain with the development of severe dementia).
• A coma is a pronounced violation of the functional activity of the cerebral cortex during its injuries, circulatory disorders, intoxication.
• Complex therapy of abstinence is a pathological condition, the development of which is associated with a sharp cessation of taking drugs or alcohol in case of drug addiction or chronic alcoholism.

Also, the drug is used in children with a decrease in their learning ability (provided that this is due to adequate curriculum), as well as for the complex therapy of sickle cell anemia (impaired hemoglobin synthesis, its structure and properties, which leads to a change in the shape of red blood cells and their increased destruction in the vessels).

Contraindications for use

Absolute contraindications to taking Piracetam tablets are hypersensitivity to the active substance or auxiliary components of the drug, acute circulatory disorders in the brain (primarily hemorrhagic stroke), severe renal insufficiency. Before you start taking Piracetam tablets, you should make sure that there are no contraindications.

Dosage and administration

Piracetam tablets are for oral (by mouth) use. They are taken whole, they are not chewed and washed down with a sufficient amount of water. The average therapeutic dose of Piracetam tablets is mg per 1 kg of the patient's body weight per day in 2-4 doses. For children, the dosage varies within mg per 1 kg of body weight per day in 2-3 doses. The average course of therapy should not be less than 3 weeks. If necessary, the doctor corrects the dosage and duration of the drug, depending on the pathology and individual characteristics of the body.

Side effects

Taking Piracetam tablets can lead to the development of side effects from various bodies and systems:

• Digestive system - nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain (usually in the stomach), dyspeptic symptoms (diarrhea, bloating).
• Nervous system - agitation, irritability, anxiety, nervousness, dizziness, sleep disturbance, headache, dizziness, tremor (trembling of the hands), drowsiness and general weakness, increased libido (sexual attraction to members of the opposite sex) and sexual activity.
• Metabolism - an increase in the patient's body weight.
• Cardiovascular system - fluctuations in blood pressure with its increase or decrease, exacerbation of coronary insufficiency in coronary heart disease (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to damage to the coronary heart vessels).
• Allergic reactions - the appearance of a rash on the skin and its itching, urticaria (a characteristic rash and swelling of the skin, resembling a nettle burn).

In the event of side effects, taking Piracetam tablets should be stopped and consult a doctor who will determine the possibility of further use of the drug.

special instructions

Before you start taking Piracetam tablets, you should carefully read the instructions for the drug. Attention should be paid to a number of special instructions regarding the use of the drug, which include:

• With extreme caution, the drug is used in case of concomitant violation of blood coagulation, volumetric surgical interventions, heavy bleeding, including those suffered in the recent past.
• During the use of the drug, it is important to conduct periodic laboratory monitoring of the functional state of the kidneys.
• In case of sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep), the evening intake of Piracetam tablets is stopped, and the daily dose is divided into reception in the morning and afternoon.
• The active substance of the drug may interact with medicines others pharmacological groups, so about them possible application the attending physician should be notified.
• Taking Piracetam tablets is not recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
• During the use of the drug, it is not recommended to perform work that requires an increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

In the pharmacy network, Piracetam tablets are released as a prescription drug. It is not recommended independent application without a doctor's prescription.

Overdose

With a significant excess of the recommended therapeutic dose of Piracetam tablets, symptoms of side effects develop, primarily from the central nervous system. Treatment of overdose consists in symptomatic therapy.

Analogues of Piracetam tablets

According to the active substance and therapeutic effect, Lucetam and Nootropil are similar to Piracetam tablets.

Terms and conditions of storage

The shelf life of Piracetam tablets is 3 years from the date of manufacture. The drug should be stored in its original packaging, dry, dark, out of the reach of children, at an air temperature not higher than +25°C.

average price

The average cost of Piracetam tablets in Moscow pharmacies depends on the number of tablets in the package.

Piracetam is a pharmaceutical product belonging to a group of drugs used to improve cerebral circulation (nootropics). The origin of the drug is synthetic.

Due to the mechanism of action of the drug, it is often prescribed by doctors for the treatment of various diseases in such branches of medicine as psychiatry, narcology and neurology. Also, the drug is used to restore patients after a stroke.

The drug Piracetam tablets is very popular among students of higher educational institutions, who purchase it in cases where it is necessary to stimulate mental activity and the ability to remember, because the drug helps to improve concentration.

In what cases is the drug prescribed?

The action of the drug Piraceram is based on the enhancement of the work of the cells of the nervous system for the release of dopamine, an increase in the concentration of norepinephrine, acetylcholine and the activation of cholinergic receptors. It contributes to the activation of glucose metabolism, as well as the normalization of the regenar circulation of those parts of the brain that have suffered after a stroke.

Due to the focus of the drug on the nervous and circulatory system, it is prescribed in order to significantly enhance the metabolic processes in the brain. The drug can be used to improve redox reactions in the body, stimulate the energy capabilities of nerve cells and tissues.

The drug does not contribute to the appearance of a sedative, hypnotic, slowing effect, after taking it, you can drive a car or do work that requires concentration. Able to enhance the conductivity of nerve cells. Piracetam can be used after strokes intravenously or intramuscularly as an injection of the drug.

This nooprop is prescribed to improve the state of consciousness, speech and memory, due to the cerebral focus of action. For the most correct work of the drug, it is most correct to use it before meals.

The drug is indicated for use in the treatment of a large number of diseases, it can also be taken to improve general condition nervous system. Depending on the indications, dose, desired effects and other factors, the combination of which allows the drug to be used for a long time, tablets, capsules and intravenous injections are prescribed in the following cases:

Contraindications

The drug has several contraindications, which include:

Features of admission and side effects

The drug can be used in the treatment of various diseases, depending on the nature of the pathology, the duration of treatment and the method of administration. active substance. The answer to the question "How to take Piracetam?" will depend on the severity of the patient's condition and the decision of the attending physician.

To improve memory and concentration, both pills and injections are used, depending on whether a correction of normal brain activity is required for the better or intensive recovery after an injury or stroke is needed.

Side effects

Piracetam may cause the following side effects:

The manifestation of side effects depends on the correct administration of the drug and compliance with the dosing regimen. You need to take the medicine as directed by your doctor.

Features of use in stroke therapy

Piracetam occupies a leading position in the treatment of stroke. It does not have a toxic effect in combination with other drugs that restore the activity of a brain area damaged by a stroke, accelerates regeneration, thereby contributing to the restoration of basic neurological functions (memory, attention, speech, etc.).

The drug is used for treatment both in the acute period of ischemic stroke, and after an attack.

The cost of the drug

Piracetam is a drug with a low cost, despite its effectiveness and wide range actions. It can be purchased by a patient with any income in pharmacies in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The cost of the drug in various forms ah for the reception:

• Piracetam tablets 200 mg 60 pcs. - 40 r.
• Piracetam injection solution 20% 5 ml 10 pcs. - 55 p.
• Piracetam tablets 400 mg 60 pcs. - 60-70 rubles.
• Piracetam tablets 800 mg 30 pcs. — 80 r.
• Piracetam 400 mg 60 caps. - 150 r.

Prices medicinal product will depend on the brand of the pharmacy and the manufacturer of the goods, the country of the manufacturer and the margin of the pharmacy organization.

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Indications for the use of piracetam

Piracetam is a popular drug that allows many patients to recover from serious illness ( stroke, traumatic brain injury, coma and others). In many cases, it makes it possible to maintain a good intellectual and physical form people in old age. It is successfully used in various fields of medicine, as it is well tolerated and has practically no contraindications.
Piracetam is used in the treatment of the following diseases:

• in elderly patients, with a decrease in memory, reduced concentration of attention, a decrease in general activity, mood changes, behavioral disorders, gait disturbance;
• with dementia - acquired dementia, with the breakdown of mental functions caused by brain damage ( dementias are vascular, senile, atrophic, as in Alzheimer's disease);
• in the recovery period after ischemic stroke ( acute cerebrovascular accident) in violation of speech, emotional sphere, motor and mental activity;
• with chronic alcoholism for the treatment of psychoorganic and withdrawal syndromes);
• in the recovery period after a coma;
• after brain injury;
• after brain intoxication;
• with dizziness and balance disorders;
• with nystagmus ( involuntary oscillatory eye movements);
• with cortical myoclonus ( involuntary and unexpected muscle twitching);
• with sickle cell anemia as part of complex therapy ( an inherited blood disorder that changes the shape of red blood cells);
• with dyslexia in children as part of complex therapy ( difficulty in learning to read and write in children) and other pathologies.

Piracetam in neurology

This drug contains complex treatment used for a large number of neurological diseases. Improving blood supply, microcirculation and metabolic processes in the cells of the brain and central nervous system ( central nervous system), this medicine treats and restores impaired functions of the nervous system and brain associated with hypoxia, ischemia, toxic, traumatic and other effects on nerve cells.

In neurology, this drug is used for the following diseases:

• with disorders of the cerebral vessels ( with hypertension, atherosclerosis);
• with deterioration of blood circulation of the brain;
• with cervical osteochondrosis;
• with traumatic brain injury;
• with a stroke;
• with high or low blood pressure;
• with increased intracranial pressure;
• with tics - involuntary stereotypical movements ( facial, motor, vocal, sensory) caused by involuntary muscle contraction;
• with paresthesia - a symptom of many neurological diseases, characterized by a violation of the sensitivity of the skin ( tingling, burning, crawling);
• with dementia and other pathologies.

Piracetam in the treatment and prevention of stroke ( ischemic, hemorrhagic)

A stroke is an acute disease in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted, as a result of which nerve cells are damaged or die. As a result, the functions for which this part of the brain is responsible are disturbed. A person who has had a stroke may experience paralysis ( complete immobility) or paresis ( partial movement disorder) in any part of the body, loss of speech, memory and other disorders. The larger the zone of necrosis in the brain, the more serious the consequences of a stroke.

The types of stroke are:

• Ischemic stroke. It occurs due to vascular thrombosis ( blood clots, cholesterol plaques), supplying blood to the brain, as a result of which the nerve cells in it are damaged or die. This is the most common form of stroke.
• hemorrhagic stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke is cerebral bleeding. It occurs due to a rupture of a cerebral vessel. In this case, the blood begins to leak and accumulate in the brain tissue, putting pressure on it and disrupting its normal operation. It occurs much less frequently than ischemic stroke, but is more dangerous.

Risk factors for stroke are:

• Age over 40 years. Stroke is no longer a disease of the elderly.
• Arterial hypertension ( elevated arterial pressure ). With this pathology, the risk of rupture of cerebral vessels increases.
• Heart diseases. Arrhythmias can cause blood clots to form, increasing the risk of stroke.
• Elevated cholesterol. Cholesterol plaques can clog blood vessels and cause a stroke.
• Diabetes. This disease causes fragility of blood vessels, which increases the risk of their ruptures.
• Cerebral aneurysms. These vascular formations can rupture and cause a hemorrhagic stroke.
• Violation of blood clotting. Changes in the composition of the blood can cause the formation of clots, which can clog blood vessels and cause a stroke.
• Obesity and malnutrition. Obesity causes an increase in blood cholesterol levels.
• Smoking, alcohol abuse. These bad habits impair vascular health, increase blood pressure and increase the risk of stroke.

chances of returning to full life with a stroke depend on the extent of brain damage, on the speed of delivery of the patient to the hospital, on the quality of the first aid provided, on the correctness of the recovery procedures ( timely and complete drug treatment, physiotherapy exercises, massage, speech therapy and other exercises). Drug treatment of this disease includes the use of many drugs. These include neuroprotectors and neuroreparants that protect healthy nerve cells, repair damaged cells, and prevent stroke. These drugs include piracetam and others nootropics.

For the prevention of stroke in healthy people you can take various drugs, including piracetam. However, the most important preventive factor is the correct and healthy lifestyle life, which implies the rejection of bad habits and junk food, physical education, elimination of excessive emotional, mental, physical stress and stress.

Piracetam and cerebral atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a common chronic disease affecting blood vessels. Atherosclerosis affects the arteries of the heart, brain, and other organs. With this pathology, cholesterol deposits form on the inner surface of the vessels ( fatty plaques), followed by growth in them connective tissue (sclerosis) and impregnation with calcium salts ( calcination). The consequences of this pathological process are the growing insufficiency of the blood supply to the organ or part of the body that feeds from this artery. It is also possible to completely block the lumen of the vessel with a plaque or thrombus, which leads to a heart attack ( necrosis) tissues or gangrene of an organ or part of the body.

Atherosclerosis is most susceptible to people older than 50 - 60 years. Its causes are stresses that cause hypertension, which, in turn, negatively affects arterial tone, diabetes mellitus, obesity, an inactive lifestyle, and bad habits. The first symptoms of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels ( ischemia - insufficiency of blood circulation and nutrition of brain cells) are recurrent headache, tinnitus, especially during periods of intense mental work, memory impairment for current events, sleep disturbance, suspiciousness, tearfulness, a tendency to depression, prolonged experience of failure or resentment.

It should be noted that atherosclerosis can be completely cured by early stages its development. However, in the advanced stage, it causes temporary ( transient) strokes with transient paresthesias ( skin sensitivity disorders), violation of the tone of the skeletal and mimic muscles, unilateral distortion of the face due to loss of muscle tone, impaired coordination of movements, weakening of movements and trembling of the limbs and head, especially when agitated. The most dangerous complication of atherosclerosis is ischemic stroke due to blockage of one of the major cerebral arteries, which can lead to disability.

The treatment of this disease is complex, it includes drug treatment, physical therapy, healthy and moderate nutrition, minimizing stress, quitting smoking and alcohol abuse and other measures. In severe, threatening cases, it is possible surgery this pathology. Drug therapy for atherosclerosis includes the appointment of statins, fibrates, nicotinic acid preparations, agents based on omega-3 triglycerides, bile acid sequestrants, and other drugs. Piracetam and other nootropics are used in the complex treatment of cerebral atherosclerosis to protect and restore nerve cells from ischemia and associated brain and central nervous system dysfunction.

Piracetam and encephalopathy

Encephalopathy is damage to the brain and a violation of its functions that occurs in various diseases that are not associated with inflammatory processes.

Causes of encephalopathy can be:

• traumatic brain injury;
• cerebrovascular accident ( with hypertension, stroke, osteochondrosis cervical spine and others);
• poisoning ( alcoholic, medicinal, poisoning with various poisons and toxic substances);
• liver disease ( cirrhosis);
• diabetes;
• exposure;
• congenital encephalopathy in a newborn child can develop due to a woman's diseases during pregnancy, intrauterine hypoxia, birth injuries, and other factors.

The manifestations of this disease may differ depending on the cause that causes it. However, its common symptoms are impaired attention and memory, headaches, dizziness, Bad mood, prone to depression. The treatment of this disease is complex, first of all, it is aimed at treating the disease - the cause of encephalopathy. The therapy also uses drugs that improve blood circulation, metabolism and functions of the nervous tissue of the brain. These include piracetam and other nootropics. With proper and timely treatment of this disease, it is possible to completely cure it. However, more often it becomes chronic, and in especially severe cases it can even cause the death of the patient.

Piracetam for panic attacks

Panic attack is a complex of symptoms that occurs in patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia ( VSD), in which an inexplicable anxiety, panic suddenly develops, pressure may increase, the pulse quickens, a feeling of heat, trembling appears, fainting occurs. Most often, this pathology occurs in women and people prone to depression, neuroses. There are several forms of panic attacks - sympathoadrenal ( palpitations, severe headache, chills, general agitation, anxiety, anxiety, panic, tachycardia, fever) or vagoinsular ( fading, interruptions in the work of the heart, sweating, dizziness, feeling of failure, decrease in pressure, reddening of the skin, increased intestinal motility) crises. If these conditions are not treated, they can lead to pathological changes in the body and mental disorders.

In the treatment of VVD and panic attacks, the following drugs are used:

• Herbal preparations with a calming effect. Valerian, novo-passit, persen and others.
• Tranquilizers. They reduce the feeling of fear, tension, anxiety - phenazepam, grandaxin and others. The course of treatment with these medicines is 2-3 weeks.
• Antidepressants. Amitriptyline and others. The course of treatment and doses of these medicines should be selected individually. They start taking them with small doses, gradually increasing to effective ones. As the patient's condition improves, the dose of the drug is reduced.
• Nootropics. Piracetam, actovegin, cerebrolysin and others. These drugs improve the condition and function of the brain and central nervous system, helping to normalize the patient's condition with VVD, reduce or eliminate panic attacks.

Also, in the treatment of VVD, it is important to influence the elimination of factors that provoke these pathological conditions- eliminate excessive stress and overwork, normalize relationships with friends, relatives, colleagues, normalize deviations in the hormonal background ( especially in women) under the supervision of an endocrinologist, use auto-training, positive thinking, methods of respiratory therapy.

Piracetam in psychiatry and narcology

In psychiatry, this drug is used as part of the complex therapy of many diseases.
Its use helps to improve intellectual functions, attention, memory, increase the body's defenses. It is prescribed to relieve hangover and intoxication syndrome in alcoholics, with mental disorders that have arisen due to atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, cerebral circulation disorders, craniocerebral injuries, and in a sluggish-apathetic state. Patients in an excited state, this drug is not prescribed.

Piracetam in psychiatry can be used in the treatment of the following diseases:

• with alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis;
• with drug addiction and substance abuse;
• with psychosis - a violation of the human psyche, which manifests itself in a disorder of perception real world and behavioral disorders
• with neurosis - reversible emotionally mental disordersarising on the basis of mental trauma;
• with depression - a mental disorder accompanied by a decrease in mood, longing, low self-esteem, inadequate guilt, pessimism, loss of the ability to enjoy, mental retardation, suicidal intentions and other symptoms;
• with oligophrenia - congenital or acquired in the first years of life dementia and underdevelopment of the psyche;
• with psychosomatic diseases;
• with mental disorders arising from damage to the vessels of the brain;
• with mental disorders arising from traumatic brain injuries;
• with psychoendocrine disorders ( with premenstrual syndrome, with mental disorders during pregnancy, with postpartum psychoses, with climacteric syndrome and others);
• with senile ( senile) psychoses ( Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia) and others.

The treatment of mental illness includes complex application various methods, including drug therapy, psychotherapy, measures for the social and labor rehabilitation of patients. Therapy can be done on an outpatient or inpatient basis. The tactics of treatment is determined by the symptoms, the severity of the condition, the individual characteristics of the patient's personality and his physical condition.

Drug treatment for mental illness usually includes the use of drugs such as:

• neuroleptics ( haloperidol and others), which eliminate perceptual disorders ( hallucinations), thinking ( rave), fear, agitation, aggressiveness and other symptoms mental disorder, but cause serious side effects and complications - hand tremor, stiffness of movements, masking of the face, convulsive muscle contraction ( chewing, swallowing, muscles of the tongue, lips, eyes and other);
• tranquilizers ( seduxen, elenium, phenazepam, tazepam and others), which have a calming effect, eliminate emotional tension, anxiety, excessive excitement, cause muscle relaxation, improve sleep, but can be addictive and addictive;
• antidepressants ( amitriptyline and others), which increase a painfully low mood, eliminate mental and motor retardation, but cause undesirable side effects;
• psychostimulants ( sydnocarb, caffeine, cephedrine, amphetamine), which increase mental, mental and motor activity, relieve fatigue, lethargy, lethargy, but when used, addiction, addiction and serious side effects occur;
• nootropics ( which include piracetam), positively affecting the state of the nervous tissue of the brain, having a neuroprotective, antioxidant, anticonvulsant effect;
• mood stabilizers ( lithium salts), which eliminate painful mood swings in patients with psychosis, schizophrenia, depression, but can cause complications, especially in diseases of the kidneys or liver.

Piracetam ( and other drugs from the group of nootropics) is prescribed for poor tolerance of antipsychotics, psychostimulants, antidepressants and other drugs in order to prevent the complications caused by them. Its use can significantly reduce the doses of these toxic drugs used in the treatment of mental illness.

What effect does piracetam have on vision and hearing?

The use of this drug has a positive effect on visual acuity and hearing. It is used as part of complex treatment for various visual impairments ( pathologies of the vessels of the retina and the membrane of the eye) and hearing. So, for example, it is prescribed for sensorineural hearing loss ( cochlear neuritis or neuritis auditory nerve ), characterized by hearing loss and persistent tinnitus. There are acute and chronic forms. This pathology can lead to complete hearing loss. Treatment of the disease is complex, depending on the cause of its occurrence ( traumatic, infectious, toxic, vascular or other). As a result of the use of piracetam, cerebral circulation and blood supply improve. inner ear, which helps to restore the nervous tissue, and also helps to restore hearing.

What effect does piracetam have on memory and stress tolerance in young and old people?

This drug is also called the "mind pill". In healthy people, it is used to improve memory, attention, learning ability, with increased intellectual and stress loads. However, its effect does not appear immediately, but after 1-2 weeks and persists for a month after the end of the therapeutic course ( which lasts an average of 1 month). Students and learners apply it before the session. It is also used to increase intellectual capabilities in the performance of responsible work.

However, it cannot be taken uncontrollably and indefinitely. Even healthy people should consult a doctor before using it, as the drug affects the functioning of the brain and central nervous system, and if used incorrectly, serious negative consequences are possible. In the elderly, this remedy is used for the disorders of memory and intelligence which often accompany aging. It is used prophylactically to prevent senile dementia. The dose and timing of treatment with this medication should be determined by the doctor, based on the condition of the elderly patient and his chronic diseases.

Piracetam for heart disease

This drug is able to positive action for the treatment of coronary heart disease in the elderly and old age. With its use, an increase in the action of anti-ischemic drugs is achieved, a decrease in the need for nitroglycerin, a decrease in signs of heart failure. Due to its antihypoxic effect, this drug is recommended for use in the complex treatment of myocardial infarction.

Piracetam in sports

This medication is used in sports to increase endurance, improve emotional, mental state, metabolic processes in the body of athletes in preparation for competitions or training. It can also be used after injuries in the recovery period. Recommendations for its use and doses are determined by the doctor individually. It should also be taken into account that the use of this drug during the control period may give a false positive reaction to doping.

Piracetam and sex

This medicine does not directly affect male potency or sexual desire in women. However, by improving the functions of the brain and central nervous system, it normalizes the emotional and psychological background of a person, positively affecting psychogenic pathologies that often occur in the sexual sphere. In some particularly sensitive patients, this drug may cause a state of general arousal, an increased desire for sexual relations, which is a manifestation of side effects drug. These effects should be reported to the doctor, and he may adjust the dose of the drug.

In what cases is piracetam prescribed during pregnancy and before childbirth?

Contraindication to the use of this drug is pregnancy. Also, this drug can have a negative effect on the kidneys, which already experience excessive stress during pregnancy. This medicine has a systemic effect on the woman's body and penetrates the placental barrier. However, doctors sometimes prescribe it during pregnancy if there is a threat to the life of the mother or fetus. The drug can be prescribed to a pregnant woman with a stroke, traumatic brain injury, meningitis, neuroinfection, severe psychoemotional disorder, placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia and in some other cases at the discretion of doctors.

In what cases is piracetam prescribed to children ( including premature and newborns)?

A contraindication to the use of this drug is the age of the child up to 1 - 3 years. However, if there is a threat to the life of a newborn or premature baby and the need for urgent rehabilitation, doctors prescribe this medicine as part of the complex treatment of the identified pathology.

intravenous ( jet or drip) or intramuscular injection of piracetam is performed in the following cases:

• with severe cerebral diseases ( strokes, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, hypertensive cerebral crisis and others);
• in coma;
• in the treatment of poisoning;
• for the treatment of withdrawal states - conditions that occur in alcoholics and drug addicts when they refuse to use alcohol and drugs ( weakness, fatigue, headache, dry mouth, vomiting, heart palpitations, nervousness, and others);
• for the treatment of predelirious and delirious states in alcoholics and drug addicts - states of a mental disorder with impaired consciousness ( delirium, hallucinations, coma);
• in acute disorders in psychiatry;
• in some other cases at the discretion of the doctor.

Intramuscular injections are used if the introduction through the vein is difficult or the patient is in an agitated state. However, there are restrictions on the amount of the drug that can be administered ( no more than 5 ml). Intramuscular injections are painful, especially in children and underweight patients.

How is piracetam used intravenously or intramuscularly?

For adults, the daily dose of this medicine for intravenous ( jet or drip) or intramuscular injection is 30 - 160 mg per 1 kg of human weight. When administered intravenously to patients in serious condition, the daily dose can be 12 g. After the patient's condition improves, the dose of administration is gradually reduced and switched to oral ( by swallowing) taking the drug. The duration of injection treatment is determined by the doctor individually, depending on the diagnosis and condition of the patient.

In the treatment of piracetam in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections the following dosages apply:

• ) prescribe 2.4 - 4.8 g per day;
• for the treatment of stroke, 4.8 - 12 g per day is prescribed for 2 - 4 weeks;
• in the treatment of coma and the consequences of brain injuries, therapy begins with 9-12 g per day, with the transition to a maintenance dose of 2 g per day, the duration of treatment is at least 3 weeks;
• );
• in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, the daily dose is 160 mg per 1 kg of human weight, which is administered 4 times during the day, during a crisis, 300 mg per 1 kg is administered intravenously, divided into 4 equal doses;
• for the treatment of dyslexia in children from 8 years of age and adolescents, the dose of this drug is 3.2 g per day, divided into 2 injections.

When is piracetam prescribed in the form of tablets, capsules, oral solution?

Doctors prescribe a course of treatment with this drug in the form of tablets, capsules, oral solution in the recovery period ( if the patient's condition allows taking this medicine in one of the above forms), in the treatment of chronic diseases, to increase intellectual performance in healthy people and in some other cases. Usually, therapy in adults begins with taking 1.2 g of the drug per day - 400 mg 3 times a day and bring it up to 2.4 - 3.2 g or more per day. The therapeutic effect is manifested after 1 - 3 weeks of its use. Then the dose of the drug is reduced to 1.2-1.6 g per day - 400 mg 3-4 times a day. oral intake this medication can be long-term, and the course of treatment is selected by the doctor for the patient individually. It can be 2 - 3 weeks or last 2 - 6 months.

For children, this drug can be prescribed in the form of tablets of 200 mg, as a syrup or oral solution. For children under 5 years of age, the daily dose of this medication in tablets is no more than 0.8 g - an average of 200 mg 3 times a day. For children from 5 to 16 years old, the daily dose of this medicine is not more than 1.8 g - an average of 400 mg 3 times a day. When using syrup in children from 1 to 5 years old, it is measured with a measuring cup and given to the child 10 ml 3 times a day. For children from 5 to 16 years old, the daily dose of syrup is not more than 0.9 ml - an average of 20 ml 3 times a day.

To correct the learning ability of children 8-13 years old, this drug is prescribed at a dose of 3.3 g. When using a 20% solution of piracetam for oral administration, the required dose of 8 ml is measured with a measuring cup and taken 2 times a day. When using a 33% solution of piracetam for oral administration, the required dose of 5 ml is measured with a measuring cup and taken 2 times a day. This treatment lasts throughout the school year.

How should I take piracetam tablets?

This medicine in the form of tablets is recommended to be taken before meals or during meals, drinking plenty of fluids. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor individually, depending on the diagnosis and condition of the patient.
When insomnia occurs, this medication should be taken before 17 hours. In the treatment of patients with cortical myoclonus, treatment should not be abruptly interrupted, as this may cause the resumption of seizures.

In the treatment of piracetam in the form of tablets, the following dosages are used:

• for the treatment of psychoorganic syndrome ( decrease in memory, intelligence, incontinence of affects - the inability to restrain manifestations of emotions ( anger, crying, fear, etc.) ) appoint 2.4 - 4.8 g per day, divided into 2 - 3 doses;
• for the treatment of dizziness and balance disorders, the dose of this medicine is 2.4 - 4.8 g per day, divided into 2 - 3 doses;
• in the treatment of cortical myoclonus, therapy begins with 7.2 g per day, then every 3 to 4 days the dose is increased by 4.8 g per day until a maximum dose of 24 g per day is reached, therapy is continued for a long time, every 6 months they try to reduce the dose or stop the drug, gradually reducing it by 1.2 g every 2 days ( with a weak response to treatment or its absence, treatment with piracetam is stopped);
• for the treatment of dyslexia in children from 8 years of age and adolescents, the dose of this drug is 3.2 g per day, divided into 2 doses.

How should I take piracetam capsules?

This drug in the form of capsules is taken before meals or during meals and washed down with a sufficient amount of liquid ( water, juice). For adults, the daily dose of this medicine is 30-160 mg per 1 kg of human weight, which is used during the day in 2-4 doses. The duration of therapy is on average 6 to 8 weeks. For children, the daily dose of this medicine is 30-50 mg per 1 kg of the child's weight, which is used during the day in 2-3 doses. The duration of therapy in children averages 3 weeks. In the event of sleep disturbances, the intake of this medication during the day must be distributed in such a way that its last use is made no later than 17 hours. In the treatment of patients with cortical myoclonus, treatment should not be abruptly interrupted, as this may cause the resumption of seizures.

In the treatment of piracetam in the form of capsules, the following dosages are used:

• for the treatment of memory disorders, intellect ( chronic psychoorganic syndrome) appoint 4.8 g per day during the first week in 2-3 doses, followed by a dose reduction to 1.2-2.4 g per day;
• for the treatment of the consequences of a stroke, 4.8 - 8 g per day are prescribed;
• for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, 12 g per day is prescribed, followed by a transition to a maintenance dose of 2.4 g per day;
• in the treatment of dizziness and balance disorders, the therapeutic dose of this medicine is 2.4 - 4.8 g per day;
• in the treatment of cortical myoclonus, therapy begins with 7.2 g per day, then every 3 to 4 days the dose is increased by 4.8 g per day until a maximum dose of 24 g per day is reached, therapy is continued for a long time, every 6 months they try to reduce the dose or stop the drug, gradually reducing it by 1.2 g every 2 days ( with a weak response to treatment or its absence, treatment with piracetam is stopped);
• in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, the daily dose is 160 mg per 1 kg of human weight, which must be taken 4 times a day;
• to correct learning disabilities in children, the dose of this drug is 3.3 g per day and is used throughout the school year.

When is piracetam prescribed in the form of a dropper?

The use of this drug in the form of a drop ( intravenous infusion) is usually prescribed if the patient is in serious condition. The doctor determines the dose, frequency and duration of therapy. With this method of administration, the drug quickly enters the bloodstream and has therapeutic effect. Often this type of treatment is prescribed for elderly patients with various neurological pathologies ( when the drip is performed in a day hospital).

For diluting piracetam for drip injection use one of the following compatible infusion solutions:

• dextrose 5%, 10% or 20%;
• fructose 5%, 10% or 20%;
• sodium chloride 0.9%;
• dextran 40 ( 10% in sodium chloride solution 0.9%);
• Ringer's solution;
• mannitol solution 20%.

Do people with impaired renal function need to adjust the dose of piracetam?

In patients with impaired renal function, it is necessary to adjust the dose of this medication. With mild renal failure, it is recommended to take this medicine in the amount of 2/3 of the usual dose in 2 to 3 doses. In moderate renal failure, it is recommended to take this medicine in the amount of 1/3 of the usual dose in 2 divided doses. In severe renal insufficiency, it is recommended to take this medicine in the amount of 1/6 of the usual dose, 1 time per day. In the end stage of renal failure, this drug should not be taken.

How long does the effect of piracetam appear and how long does it last?

To have a therapeutic effect, this drug must be taken in a course. The therapeutic effect when taking tablets usually manifests itself after 1 to 3 weeks of taking the drug. When using this medicine in injection form- it works faster. As a result of course use, this drug accumulates in the body, and its therapeutic effect is observed for some time after stopping therapy ( for a month or more, depending on the individual characteristics of the body), gradually decreasing. Optimal shape, dose, frequency and duration of use of this drug should be prescribed by the doctor, based on the patient's condition and the purpose of its use ( treatment, recovery, prevention, preparation for intense mental work in stressful conditions or other).

How long can I take piracetam ( can it be taken continuously), and how often can courses of treatment with this drug be carried out?

The duration of therapy with piracetam can range from several weeks to six months. You can't take this drug all the time. If it is necessary to conduct a second course of treatment with this medicine, a break is made between courses for 6 to 8 weeks. All appointments, recommendations for the use of this medication should be made by a doctor, after an individual consultation with the patient. It is impossible to use this drug on its own for therapeutic, prophylactic and other purposes.

Piracetam and breastfeeding

When using this drug in the treatment of women who are breastfeeding, it is necessary to stop breastfeeding, since according to scientists, piracetam penetrates into breast milk and, thus, may have a negative effect on the child.

Contraindications for use, drug interactions and side effects of piracetam

Piracetam is low toxic. It is generally well tolerated and is prescribed to a wide range of patients of all ages for a variety of purposes. In order for the medicine to benefit and not harm, it is necessary to consult a doctor before using it and take it under his supervision, taking into account indications, contraindications, interactions and side effects.

Contraindications to the use of piracetam are:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• excited state at the time of drug administration;
• Huntington's chorea is a hereditary progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain, characterized by involuntary, rapid, unregulated movements that occur in various muscle groups, and mental disorders;

• hemorrhagic stroke ( acute bleeding of cerebral vessels);
• end-stage renal failure;
• children's age up to 1 - 3 years;
• violation of hemostasis functional state of blood);
• severe hemorrhagic disorders ( increased vascular bleeding due to
  The main complication of this disease is severe vascular fragility. As a result, various lesions of organs and systems develop - kidneys, eyes, cardiovascular, nervous systems, impaired blood circulation of the brain, and others.
  Piracetam has a therapeutic, restorative and preventive effect in many diseases associated with impaired blood circulation in the brain. However, it is not recommended for diabetics, especially for children. It affects lipid metabolism, which can be dangerous in the presence of diabetes.

  Piracetam for thyroid disorders

  The thyroid gland produces iodine-containing hormones ( thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3) and calcitonin. Hormones T3, T4 regulate metabolism, growth, development of organs, production and accumulation of energy. Calcitonin controls calcium metabolism in the human body, helps to strengthen the skeleton. Regulates the activity of the thyroid gland TSH) a hormone that is synthesized in the pituitary gland ( located in the brain).

  The most common diseases of the thyroid gland are the following pathologies:

  • thyrotoxicosis ( hyperthyroidism). This is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormones T3 and T4. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an accelerated metabolism - weight loss, sweating, agitation, tremors, heart palpitations, insomnia, irritability, tearfulness, mood swings, dizziness, weakness, and other symptoms.
  • Hypothyroidism. This is a condition where the thyroid gland synthesizes very little of the hormones T3 and T4. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a slow metabolism - lethargy, drowsiness, swelling, constipation, hair loss and other symptoms.
  When using this drug in patients with thyroid disease, special care. With hyperthyroidism, the level of thyroid hormones in the blood is increased, and when taking piracetam, there is a risk of increasing the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. In the treatment of hypothyroidism, when medications containing thyroid hormones are prescribed ( e.g. euthyrox), manifestations of such side effects as irritability, tremor, heart palpitations, insomnia and others are possible.

  Interaction of piracetam with other medicines

  This drug is combined with various drugs - psychotropic, cardiovascular, detoxification and others. These combinations are usually well tolerated and do not cause side effects.

  With the simultaneous use of piracetam with other drugs, effects such as:

  • when combined with neuroleptics, their effectiveness increases, and the manifestations of side effects decrease;
  • when combined with thyroid hormone preparations, tremor, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances, confusion may occur;
  • when combined with psychostimulants, their effect is enhanced, possibly excessive stimulation of the central nervous system;
  • when combined with other nootropic drugs, their effect is enhanced;
  • when combined with antihypertensive drugs, their effect is enhanced;
  • when combined with drugs that increase pressure, their effect is weakened;
  • when combined with vasodilators, their effect is enhanced.
  In order to minimize the risks of the negative effects of drugs when they are used together, before using piracetam, you should inform your doctor about chronic pathologies and drugs that are taken constantly.

  Side effects of piracetam

  This drug is usually well tolerated and does not cause side effects ( if the dose is chosen correctly and the doctor's recommendations for its use are not violated). Piracetam can act excitingly - cause irritability, anxiety, insomnia, so it is important to choose the right dose of this medication and not take it in the evening. The last reception in this case should be carried out at 16 - 17 hours.

  When using piracetam, the following side effects may occur:

  • allergy ( itch,

    Is it possible to overdose while taking piracetam?

    This medicine, if the dose and regimen are violated, can cause an overdose, in which there is an increase in the manifestation of side effects. In this case, it is necessary to wash the stomach, induce vomiting and seek medical help.

    Is piracetam addictive?

    This drug is not addictive or addictive. It has a positive effect on memory, attention, increases mental performance in stressful conditions. When it is canceled, a gradual decrease in brain activity occurs without side effects.

    Piracetam and alcohol

    According to medical research, this drug and alcohol do not interfere with each other when taken together. However, it is not recommended to use them together due to the opposite effects that they have. Piracetam is prescribed for the treatment of chronic alcoholism, helps to relieve the symptoms of alcohol intoxication. It restores the structure and function of brain and central nervous system nerve cells damaged by alcohol.

    Driving a car and piracetam

    During the period of treatment with this medicine, care should be taken when driving a car or other Vehicle or mechanisms, since the drug, along with a stimulating effect on the brain, can also side effect on the CNS.

    The cost of piracetam in pharmacies of various cities of Russia

    Piracetam is produced by many domestic and foreign pharmacological enterprises. In Russian pharmacies, this drug is presented in a large assortment and is often prescribed by doctors. Prices for it vary widely and depend on the dosage form, the amount of medicine in the package ( how many tablets, capsules, ampoules in the package) and the place where the drug is produced. Belgian nootropil is considered the most expensive and high-quality piracetam drug. The price for it is on average 5-10 times higher than for Russian-made medicines. So, for example, the cost of nootropil tablets 800 mg 30 pieces in Moscow pharmacies averages 289 rubles, while the price of similar drug from a domestic manufacturer Ozone is 67 rubles.
    
    The cost of piracetam in the cities of Russia
    

    City	Price of various forms of piracetam
    	Piracetam pills800 mg 30 pieces	Piracetam capsules 400 mg 60 pieces	Piracetam solution for intravenous or intramuscular injections20% 5 ml 10 pieces
    Moscow
    Saint Petersburg
    Ekaterinburg
    Krasnoyarsk		128 rubles
    Krasnodar
    Nizhny Novgorod		110 rubles
    Voronezh
    Novosibirsk
    Saratov
    Rostov on Don		120 rubles

    Do I need a prescription to buy Piracetam?

    This medicine is sold in pharmacies by prescription and requires attention when using it, despite all its positive properties. We should not forget that this medication may have serious side effects associated with the activity of the brain and nervous system. It should not be taken without consulting a doctor, at your own discretion, in order to increase intellectual efficiency. Dose, duration of treatment, dosage form the drug should be determined by the doctor, in order to avoid overdose or the manifestation of unwanted side effects.

    Many people suffer from memory problems. Such situations occur among the representatives of the older generation and among young people. People let the problem take its course, but there are many who seek to resolve the current situation for their own benefit. Treatment comes down to taking nootropic drugs, the main task of which is to eliminate memory problems. One of the representatives of the group of medicines is Piracetam, the annotation to it contains clear instructions for using the drug.

    The tool has a wide range of applications. It is included in the complex in the treatment of violations of many brain functions. It is also prescribed for prevention. Piracetam has serious contraindications.

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    Composition of Piracetam, release form

    The tool has a variety of types in different concentrations of the active ingredient, which simplifies use. The most common are tablets and capsules. The former come in two dosages - 200 and 400 mg, the latter are released at a concentration of 400 mg. The solution in ampoules is used intravenously and intramuscularly. Piracetam in ampoules comes in a content of 200 mg of the working substance per ml. Given that the containers come in a volume of 5 ml, they include 1000 mg of the active substance each.

    The main ingredient in Piracetam is the component of the same name. This is a nootropic that has a positive effect on metabolic processes, thanks to which the concentration of ATP in the tissue increases, the reproduction of ribonucleic acids and phospholipids improves.

    The drug increases blood flow to the cerebral cortex, thought processes receive positive momentum. The agent does not dilate blood vessels, does not slow down the association of activated platelets. Piracetam creates a protective barrier in case of brain damage during hypoxia, intoxication, electric shock, increases beta and alpha activity, and there is a decrease in unintentional eye movement (vestibular nystagmus). The drug is able to stimulate glycolytic processes, against the background there is an acceleration of glucose processing.

    The connection between the right and left hemispheres is being established, synoptic conduction in neocortical structures also has a positive trend. There is a restoration and stabilization of cerebral function. With all this, Piracetam does not cause such side effect like sleepiness. This is important for people whose activities require quick response. It has no psychoactive effect.

    Piracetam mechanism of action

    After ingestion, the agent penetrates into most organs. The active substance passes through the placenta, in the brain there is a process of accumulation of the main component; concentration takes place in frontal lobes, in the parietal and occipital, in the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

    Piracetam accumulates in plasma within half an hour after ingestion, in the cerebrospinal fluid the required volume is noted after 2–8 hours, depending on the characteristics of the patient.

    The substance is excreted from the body after 4-5 hours, it is extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid more slowly. The drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys, with ailments genitourinary system it takes longer to come out. Most of the active ingredient - 2/3 - unchanged.

    Contraindications:

    • A weighty argument for refusing to take Piracetam is individual intolerance to the components - basic and additional.
    • You can not give the drug to babies under one year old.
    • Not prescribed for hemorrhagic stroke.
    • Piracetam is contraindicated in case of insufficiency, if creatinine clearance does not exceed 20 ml / min.

    Piracetam: indications for use

    The drug has a wide range of purposes. It is used in narcological and psychiatric practice, introduced into a therapeutic course for the treatment of neurological diseases.

    Narcology

    • Taking the drug allows you to remove such a syndrome as withdrawal during the period of stopping the use of narcotic substances.
    • Use when acute poisoning alcohol, barbiturates, phenamine and morphine.
    • Applied with the appearance of persistent mental disorders in alcoholic patients.

    Psychiatry

    • The drug is used for intolerance to neuroleptics and other psychotropic drugs to relieve the somatovegetative, neurological and mental side effects caused by them.
    • It is used for depression, not amenable to the effects of antidepressants.
    • The drug is included in the treatment mental illness, developing on "organically defective soil".
    • It is added to the course in depressive states, if the clinical picture is dominated by signs of adynamia, asthenic and senesto-hypochondriac disorders, and there is also a phenomenon of ideational retardation.
    • In schizophrenia, it is prescribed during a sluggish-apathetic defective state; psychoorganic syndromes of various etiologies, senile and atrophic processes are also a reason to introduce Piracetam into the therapeutic course.

    

    Neurology

    • The drug helps with epilepsy.
    • Used as needed in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
    • It treats coma from injuries and intoxications of the brain. Increases motor, but also mental activity of the patient.
    • The reason for taking Piracetam is a disease of the nervous system with a decrease in intellectual-mnestic functions, as well as in the formation of failures in the emotional-volitional sphere.
    • In diseases of the brain: atherosclerosis, hypertension, memory impairment, frequent headaches, unstable attention.

    Pediatrics

    The course of Piracetam allows you to facilitate learning processes and eliminate brain damage that occurred in the last trimester of pregnancy. It is used for oligophrenia, the presence of mental retardation and cerebral palsy.

    The drug is administered therapy for sickle cell anemia.

    Piracetam: side reactions

    The drug can cause unwanted effects. Aged people and children are subject to the influence of "side effects".

    • More often than others, mental arousal is noted.
    • Sleep disturbance, for this reason, Piracetam should not be taken 5 hours before bedtime.
    • It negatively affects appetite, causes pain in the abdomen, provokes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
    • Deterioration is noted in patients with angina pectoris.
    • Allergic reactions to the drug, they are expressed in skin itching.
    • Note the patient's weight gain.
    • Decreased concentration.

    Most often, the symptoms disappear on their own, with a decrease in the daily volume, a complete abolition of the drug is not required.

    Instructions for use Piracetam

    Tablets and capsules

    At the beginning of the therapeutic course, 800 mg of the active ingredient per day is prescribed, it is divided into three servings. Piracetam is taken before meals with plenty of water. When the patient's condition improves and the symptoms subside, the dosage is reduced. The patient's condition requires careful monitoring. The therapeutic course lasts from two weeks to 3-4 months. In case of urgent need, the drug lasts up to six months, after which a break of 2 months is required.

    The last dose of Piracetam is carried out five hours before bedtime.

    The daily dose is 30–160 mg/kg. The resulting volume is divided into two servings, taken strictly before meals. If necessary, this amount is divided by 3-4 times. The duration of the course depends on the stability of the symptoms - from 2 weeks to six months. After a break, Piracetam-based therapy is resumed.

    Elderly patients in the treatment of psychoorganic syndrome are prescribed 120–240 mg. In the first weeks of treatment, the dosage is 480 mg per day.

    If this is necessary, Piracetam is easily combined with psychotropic, cardiovascular and other drugs.

    The treatment course after an injury or due to coma should begin with 900-1200 mg per day. This volume is divided by 3-4 times. After stabilization of the patient's condition, the dosage is gradually reduced to 240 mg. The course is not delayed for more than three weeks.

    Piracetam is indicated for children. It is better not to prescribe it from the age of five. The daily volume of the active ingredient is 180 mg. The duration of the course is from 2 weeks to six months.

    In the treatment of alcoholism, the daily volume is 1200 mg, an adult patient receives 400 mg of Piracetam per dose. After removal acute symptoms the daily rate is reduced to 240 mg.

    Sickle cell anemia requires an individual calculation of the portion of the drug. 160 mg in 4 doses.

    Injections

    Piracetam solution is used intravenously and intramuscularly. The drug is not administered in one procedure, the daily rate is divided into 2-4 approaches.

    

    In the symptomatic treatment of chronic psychoorganic syndrome, 200-400 mg per day are prescribed - the primary dosage directly depends on the severity of the course of the disease. The concentration is gradually increased to 400-600 mg per day. The duration of the therapeutic course is not longer than 15 days.

    To get rid of alcohol withdrawal of the body, the daily volume is 1200 mg. After the dosage is gradually reduced to 240 mg. If the drug is prescribed to eliminate dizziness, the "ceiling" is 240-480 mg per day. The therapeutic course is 10-15 days.

    To eliminate the consequences of a stroke, 480 mg per day are prescribed. The duration of the course is 10-15 days.

    To fight coma in patients with brain injuries, the initial amount of the drug is 900-1200 mg per day. Then take 200 mg to maintain a stable state. Reception lead 3 weeks.

    With sickle cell anemia, 160 mg / kg Piracetam per day is taken for prevention. The volume is divided by 4 times. In a crisis, the daily norm is 300 mg / kg when administered intravenously. If necessary, the dosage is applicable to children from 1 year.

    To eliminate cortical myoclonus, treatment begins with 720 mg per day, after 3-4 days an adjustment is made, and the initial dosage is increased by 480 mg to a volume of 2400 mg. The treatment is long-term, and after six months the daily volume is reduced until the drug is completely discontinued. The reduction is carried out by 120 mg every other day. With increased symptoms of the disease, the dosage is returned. If no improvement is observed from taking the drug, it is excluded from the therapeutic course.

    To eliminate the symptoms of dyslexia in children over 8 years of age, 320 mg are prescribed, this volume is divided into two servings.

    In patients with kidney disease, the daily allowance is adjusted depending on creatinine clearance. At rates above 80 ml / min, the dosage remains normal. At mild form renal insufficiency, the dose is not 2/3 of the usual norm. Piracetam is taken 2-3 times. At average form kidney disease, the dosage should not exceed 1/3 of the usual concentration, the drug is administered in 2 procedures. In severe renal failure and clearance below 30 ml / min, 1/6 dose from daily allowance. Taken once a day.

    Prescribing Piracetam to the elderly

    Additional adjustments in the dosage and methods of taking Piracetam are not required in older patients. Changes in the concentration of the drug are made if the patient has kidney disease, there is renal failure.

    

    Interaction with other drugs

    The drug enhances the therapeutic effect of taking Acenocoumarol in patients with venous platelet. A rapid decrease in the level of aggregation is observed, the amount of fibrinogens, von Willebrand factors decreases, and a decrease in blood and plasma viscosity is noted. For this reason, Acenocoumarol should either be abandoned or the concentration should be carefully monitored to prevent unwanted side reactions.

    At a daily dosage of 1422 μg / ml, CYP2A6 (21%) and ZA4 / 5 (11%) are inhibited, the Ki volume of both CYP isomers is sufficient.

    special instructions

    Due to the ability of the active ingredient to influence platelet pooling, it is recommended to prescribe a nootropic drug with caution in patients with hemostasis disorders. To prevent unwanted side reactions, do not prescribe to patients during large-scale surgical operations or with symptoms of heavy bleeding. During the procedures, the drug is canceled, after that, the course is started from the very beginning.

    In the process of taking the drug for the treatment of cortical myoclonus, you can not abruptly interrupt the course.

    In elderly patients, in the absence of renal diseases, the normal functioning of the urinary system is constantly monitored. If necessary, adjust the concentration immediately.

    Given the likely adverse reactions, the drug should be used with caution in patients who work with increased concentration and concentration.