Autism can not be cured. In other words - there is no tablets from autism. Only early diagnosis and long-term qualified pedagogical support can help a child with autism.

Autism as an independent disorder was first described by L. Kanner in 1942, in 1943, similar disorders from older children described the city of Asperger, and in 1947 - S. S. Mnukhin.

Autism is a serious impairment of mental development, in which first of all the ability to communicate, social interaction suffers. The behavior of children with autism is also characterized by rigid stereotype (from repeated repetition of elementary movements, such as shoes with hands or bouncing, to complex rituals) and often destructiveness (aggression, self-trust, screams, negativism, etc.).

The level of intellectual development during autism may be the most different: from deep mental retardation to gifting in certain areas of knowledge and art; In some cases, children with autism there are no speech, deviations in the development of motility, attention, perception, emotional and other spheres of psyche are noted. More than 80% of children with autism - disabled ...

The exceptional diversity of the spectrum of violations and their gravity makes it possible to reasonably consider the training and education of children with autism in the most complex section of correctional pedagogy.

Back in 2000 it was believed that the prevalence of autism ranges from 5 to 26 cases by 10,000 children's population. In 2005, on average, 250-300 newborns accounted for one case of autism: it is more often than isolated deafness and blindness, down, Down syndrome, diabetes or oncological diseases of children's age. According to the World Autism Organization, in 2008, 1 case of autism accounted for 150 children. For ten years, the number of children with autism has grown 10 times. It is believed that the trend towards growth will continue in the future.

According to the international classification of ICD-10 disease, to actually autistic disorders include:

• children's autism (F84.0) (autistic disorder, infantile autism, infantile psychosis, Kanner syndrome);
• atypical autism (with the beginning after 3 years) (F84.1);
• rett syndrome (F84.2);
• asperger Syndrome - autistic psychopathy (F84.5);

What is autism?

In recent years, autistic disorders have become united by the abbreviation of races - "disorders of the autistic spectrum."

Kanner syndrome

For Kanner's syndrome, in the strict sense of the word, the combination of the following major symptoms is characteristic:

1. the inability to establish a full relationship with people from the beginning of life;
2. extreme peopling OT external world with ignoring environmental stimuli until they become painful;
3. insufficiency of communicative speech;
4. lack or insufficiency of visual contact;
5. fear of changes in the environment ("the phenomenon of identity", on cannera);
6. direct and retranced echolalia ("gramophone or parrot speech", on cannera);
7. delay in the development of "I";
8. stereotypical games with non-game objects;
9. clinical manifestation of symptoms no later than 2-3 years.

When using these criteria, it is important:

• do not expand their content (for example, distinguish between the inability to establish contact with other people and active contact avoidance);
• build diagnostics on the syndromological level, and not based on the formal fixation of the presence of certain symptoms;
• take into account the presence or absence of the procedural dynamics of the detected symptoms;
• taking into account that the inability to establish contact with other people create conditions for social deprivation leading in turn to the appearance of symptoms of secondary delays in the clinical picture of the symptoms of secondary delays and compensatory entities.

In the field of view of specialists, the child usually falls no earlier than 2-3 years, when violations become quite clear. But then parents are often hampered in determining violations, resorting to evaluative judgments: "Strange, not like everyone else." Often, the true problem is masked by imaginary or real impairment for parents - for example, speech development delay or hearing impairment. It is often possible to find out that in the first year the child reacted poorly to people, did not accept the posture of readiness when taking a hand, and taken - was unusually passive. "As a bag with sand," sometimes they say parents. He was afraid of household noise (vacuum cleaners, coffee grinders, etc.), not a used to them over time, discovered an extraordinary selectivity in food, refusing food of a certain color or type. For some parents, this kind of violations become apparent only by rear, when compared with the behavior of the second child.

Asperger Syndrome

As with Kanner syndrome, communicative violations are determined, disadvantaged reality, limited and peculiar, stereotypical circle of interests that distinguish such children from peers. Behavior determine the impulsiveness, contrast affects, desires, representations; Often behavior lacking internal logic.

In some children, the ability to unusual, non-standard understanding of themselves and others are early found. Logical thinking is preserved or even well developed, but knowledge is difficult to reproduce and extremely uneven. Active and passive attention is unstable, but separate autistic goals are achieved with high energy.

In contrast to other cases of autism, there is no significant delay in speech and cognitive development. In appearance draws a detached expression of a person, which gives him "beautifulness", the facial expressing, the look turned into emptiness, fixation on the faces fleeting. Expressive Mimic movements are small, gesturing is depleted. Sometimes the expression of the face concentrated self-sufficient, the look directed "inside itself." Motoric angular, movements are neurotic, with a tendency to stereotypes. Communicative functions of speech are weakened, and it herself is unusually modulated, originally in melody, rhythm and tempo, the voice sounds quietly, then hearing the rumor, and in general, it is often similar to the declaignation. There is a tendency to wordness, sometimes persistent and after Pubertata, the inability to automate the skills and their implementation internship, attraction to autistic games. Characterized attachment to the house, and not close.

Rett syndrome

Rett syndrome begins to manifest aged 8-30 months. Improving, without external causes, against the background of normal (in 80% of cases) or slightly detained motor development.

An extension appears, already acquired skills are lost, speech development is suspended, for 3-6 months. There is a complete decomposition of the previously acquired speech stock and skills. Then there are violent movements of "detergent type" in the hands of hands. Later is lost the ability to hold objects, attacksia, dystonia, muscle atrophy, kyphosis, scoliosis appear. Chewing is replaced by sucking, breathing frustrated. In a third of cases, epileptiform attacks are observed.

By 5-6 years, the trend towards the progression of disorders is mitigated, the ability to assimilaterate individual words, a primitive game, but then the protectability of the disease is growing again. There is a rude progressive disintegration of motor skills, sometimes even walking, typical of the final stages of severe organic CNS diseases. In children with Rett syndrome, against the background of total decay of all areas of activity, emotional adequacy, attachment, corresponding to the level of their mental development, are mostly preserved. In the future, heavy motor disorders are developing, deep static disorders, loss of muscle tone, deep dementia.

Unfortunately, modern medicine and pedagogy are not able to help children with Rett syndrome. We are forced to state that this is the most severe violation among races, not amenable to correction.

Atypical autism

Disorder is similar to Kanner syndrome, however, there is no at least one of the required diagnostic criteria. For atypical autism characteristic:

1. sufficiently clear violations of social interaction,
2. limited, stereotypical, repeated behavior,
3. this or that sign of anomalous and / or disturbed development is manifested at the age of 3 years.

More often in children with severe specific disorders of the development of recipe speech or with mental retardation.

The kids who were diagnosed with autism, becomes more and more. Such a prevalence of the disease is associated primarily with improved diagnosis. Often, talented and gifted babies in Russia misses the diagnosis of Autism. Such kids require special attention to themselves and must be socialized in society.

What it is?

Simple words, "Autism" is a mental disorder or a disease for which changes in psyche, loss of social adaptation in society and modified behavior.Usually, the child has a resistant disruption of the interaction inside the society.

Often, autism is not diagnosed for a long time, since changes in behavior parents refer to the characteristics of the nature of the kid.

The disease can really flow in a light form. In this case, reveal the first characteristic signs And to recognize the disease - a very difficult task not only for parents, but also doctors.

In Europe and the United States much more often establishes a diagnosis of "autism". This is due to the presence of excellent diagnostic criteria, Which allows the Commission of Doctors to accurately diagnose even with the light gravity of the disease or in complex clinical cases.

Different changes occur in the kids and autists in the cortex of the brain. They appear immediately after birth. However, it can manifest much later, after many years. The disease flows without periods of remission. With a long-term course of the disease and the use of various psychotherapeutic techniques that allow you to improve the behavior of the kid-autista, parents can see some improvements.

Today, specific treatment has not been developed. This means that the complete meal of the disease is unfortunately impossible.

Prevalence

The incidence statistics for autism in the United States and Europe differs markedly from Russian data. This is primarily due to the high detection of sick children abroad. Foreign doctors and psychologists use numerous questionnaires and diagnostic behavioral tests that allow them to quite accurately raise the correct diagnosis for kids of any age.

In Russia, statistical data are completely different. Often not all kids on time and in early age The first symptoms of the disease are revealed. Russian children who suffer from autism often remain just closed kids.

Symptoms of the disease are "written off" on the characteristics of the nature and temperament of the child, which leads to serious consequences. Such children are subsequently poorly integrated into society, cannot find themselves in the profession or they can not create a good and happy family.

The prevalence of the disease is no more than 3%. Most often, the boys suffer autism. This is usually a ratio - 4: 1. Girls from families where many cases of autism are registered with relatives, can also hurt by this mental illness.

The most often the first bright symptoms of the disease are detected only by three years. The disease is usually manifested at earlier age, but up to 3-5 years remain in most cases unrecognized.

Why do children born with an autistic spectrum disorder?

To date, scientists have not decided on this issue with a consensus. In the development of autism, many specialists are considered guilty by several genes, which cause a violation in the work of some departments of the cerebral cortex. Often, when analyzing cases of the disease becomes obvious stronger heredity.

Another theory of the disease is considered mutational. Scientists believe that the cause of the disease can be a variety of mutations and breakage in the genetic apparatus of a particular individual.

Various factors can lead to this:

• the effects of ionizing radiation on the fetus during pregnancy mother;
• infection with bacterial or viral fetal infections during intrauterine development;
• impact dangerous chemical substanceswho possess teratogenic action on the future child;
• chronic diseases of the nervous system of the mother, at which it has taken various symptomatic psychotropic drugs for a long time.

Such mutagenic effects according to American experts quite often led to various disorders characteristic of autism.

Especially dangerous such an action on the fruit during the first 8-10 weeks from the moment of conception. At this time, there is a laying of all vital organs, including those responsible for the behavior of the cerebral zone of the brain begin.

Gene or mutational disorders that underlie the disease, ultimately lead to the emergence of specific damage to individual sections of the central nervous system. As a result, the coordinated work between various neurons responsible for social integration is violated.

It is also observed a change in the functions of the mirrored cells of the brain, which leads to the appearance of specific symptoms of autism, when the kid can repeatedly perform any kind of one-type effect and pronounce separate phrases several times.

Views

Currently, many different classifications of the disease are used. All of them are divided according to the variants of the disease, the degree of severity of manifestations, as well as taking into account the stage of the disease.

The only working classification that would be used in Russia is not. In our country, the development and streamlining of specific criteria of the disease is being developed, which will underlie the diagnosis of the disease.

Autism usually can occur in several forms or versions:

1. Typical.In this case, the signs of the disease appear quite brightly in childhood. The kids are characterized by a more closed behavior, lack of involvement in games with other children, do not go to contacts even with close relatives and parents. To improve social integration, it is necessary to carry out a whole complex of various psychotherapeutic procedures and assistance to a children's psychologist who is well understood in this problem.
2. Atypical.This atypical version of the disease is found in a much late age. As a rule, after 3-4 years. For this form of the disease, the manifestation of not all specific signs of autism is characterized, but only some. Atypical autism is diagnosed quite late. Often, on time, not a diagnosis and the delay of the diagnosis leads to the development of more persistent symptoms, which are much worse than therapy.
3. Hidden.Exact statistics on the number of kids are absent with such a diagnosis. With this form of the disease, the manifestation of the main clinical symptoms is extremely rare. Very often, kids are considered simply overly closed or introverts. Such children practically do not allow foreign people in their own inner world. To establish communication with the child who has been diagnosed with autism, is very difficult.

What is a light form differs from hard?

Autism can occur in several forms by severity. The easiest form meets in most cases. It is characterized by violations of social adaptation, when the kid does not want to establish contacts or communicate with other people.

It is important to understand what it does it not because of modesty or excessive closure, but simply due to the manifestations of the disease. Such kids are usually late to speak.

Violations of their own personality with a light form of the disease are practically not found. Kids can come to contact with the closest people for them. Usually, the child chooses several family members who, in his opinion, belong to him with greater care and attention. Baby autists do not perceive bodily contacts. Usually the child tries to deviate from the arms or does not like kisses.

Kids with a heavier diseaseeveryone is trying to avoid contacts with other people. Even touching or hugs from close relatives can cause strong mental injury. Only the closest, according to the child, people can touch him. This is very important clinical sign Diseases. The baby with autism very painfully perceives any interference with his personal space already with a very young age.

For some severe variants of the disease, mental inclinations are characterized by harm. Such kids may even bite themselves or attempts to apply various injuries at an older age.

Such a manifestation occurs infrequently, but requires urgent consultation of the psychiatrist and the appointment of special medication drugs, which reduce the manifestations of aggression towards their own personality.

A light form of illness often remains undiagnosed, especially in Russia.The manifestations of the disease simply refer to the peculiarities of the development of a child or the uniqueness of its character. Such children can grow and endure the disease in adulthood. The course of the disease may vary in different age. However, the classical violation of social integration is observed almost constantly, without remission.

Heavy forms of illness, which often manifest themselves with complete forced insulation of the kid from the outside world, determine much easier.

The behavior of a child with severe vehicle autism is manifested by a pronounced reluctance to communicate with any people. Such kids are more worst in solitude. This brings them peace of mind and does not violate the usual way of life.

The neoplashes of therapeutic psychotherapy can lead to a deterioration in the state and complete social disadaptation of the child.

Symptoms and first signs

The manifestations of the disease can be checked in the first years of the child's life. With a careful and attentive analysis of the behavior of the baby, even at the very young age it is possible to identify the first characteristic signs of autism syndrome. For this disease, there are special psychological features and features.

The main characteristics of the disease can be divided into several main categories:

• Unwillingness to create new social contacts.
• Violated interests or use of special games.
• Repetition of typical actions repeatedly.
• Violation of speech behavior.
• Change of intelligence and different levels of mental development.
• Changing your own sense of personality.
• Violation of psychomotor functions.

Unwillingness to create new social contacts manifests itself in kids from birth.First, the kids are reluctant to respond to any touch of the closest people. Even the hugs or kisses of parents do not cause kids with autism of positive emotions. Such children from the side seem overly calm and even "cold".

The kids practically do not respond to smiles and do not notice the "Grimas" that parents or close relatives make them. They often fix their look at some facility that represents strong interest to them.

Newborn babes with autism syndrome for hours can consider a toy or do not look at one point.

There are practically no pronounced joy from new gifts of kids. Children of the first year of life can relate absolutely neutral to any new toys. Most often from such kids, it is difficult to achieve even smiles in response to a gift. At best, the kid authist simply turns the toy for a few minutes in the handles, after which it will postpone indefinitely.

Children older than a year are very selectively approaching the choice of people close to them. Usually they choose no more than two people.This is due to the reluctance to create similar contacts, as this leads to a pronounced discomfort for the kid.

Usually, as a "friend", they choose one of the parents. It can be both dad and mom. In some cases - Grandma or Grandpa.

With their peers or kids of another age, kids-autists are practically not in contact. Any attempt to break their own comfortable world can bring expressed discomfort to such children.

They try to avoid anyone injured in every way to their psyche. Friends of the kids-authist practically do not have. Difficulties with the acquisition of new acquaintances they are tested throughout life.

The first serious problems in such babies appear aged 2-3 years. Usually at this time, children are given to the kindergarten. As a rule, there is a disease there, since not to notice the characteristic manifestations of the disease becomes simply impossible.

When visiting a kindergarten, the behavior of kids-autists has a sharply stand out.They seem more closed than other kids can hold on to the side, play with the same and the same toy, performing some stereotypical repetitive movements.

Babes with autism are characterized by more alienated behavior. Most babies are not asking for nothing. If they need something, they prefer to take it yourself without any assistance.

Todders up to three years can be bad to take a pot.

If you ask the child to give you a toy or some item, most often he will not give it to his hands, but just likes to the floor. This is a manifestation of violated perception of any communication.

The kids-autists are not always distinguished by full passivity in a new unfamiliar team. Often, when trying to introduce a sick child to a new society, it can arise bright negative outbreaks of anger or aggression towards others. This is a manifestation of a violation or invasion into the boundaries of its own and so cozy, and most importantly, a safe inner world for kids with autism. The expansion of any contacts can lead to the strongest outbreaks of aggression and deterioration of mental well-being.

Violated interests or use of special games

Very often, kids with autism remain indifferent to any active entertainment training. They seem to be in their own inner world. The entrance to this personal space for other people is usually closed. Any attempts to teach the child to the game very often lead to the complete failure of this venture.

Kids suffering from autistic, choose 1-2 favorite toys,with which they spend a huge amount of time. Even with a large selection of various toys, they completely remain indifferent to them.

With a careful observation of a child's game with autism, you can notice strictly repetition of the sequence of the actions that it does. If the boy plays with the ships, then very often he builds all the ships in one line. The child can sort them in size, in color or by some particular signs for him. It makes such an action every time the game.

Strict orderliness is often manifested in kids with autism in everything. This is a manifestation of the cozy world for them, in which all items stand in their places and the absence of chaos.

All new items that appear in the life of the kid-autista make a strong mental injury. Even the permutation of furniture or toys can cause the baby the strongest attack of aggression or, on the contrary, introduce a child to a state full apathy. It is better that all items stood in their place constantly. In this case, the baby will feel more comfortable and calm.

For girls who are sick autistic, also typically change the shape of the game. Please note how baby plays with his doll. During such a classes, it will perform all movements and actions on the established algorithm every day. For example, it will first choose the hair, then hesitate a doll, then change clothes. And never on the contrary! All in a strictly installed sequence.

Such systemic activities for kids with autism is due to a feature of the disturbed mental behaviornot characteristic. If you try to clarify the baby, why he makes the same actions each time, then you will not receive the answer. The child simply does not notice what actions it produces. To perceive his own psyche, it is absolutely normal.

Multiple repetition of typical actions

Not always the behavior of the baby with autism is very different from the manner of communication of a healthy child. Such kids from the side look absolutely normal, as the appearance of kids practically does not change.

The kids with autism often do not lag behind in physical development and do not differ at all on external signs of their peers. However, with a more attentive observation of the behavior of a child, you can identify a few different from the usual behavior of actions.

Often kids with autism can repeat various words or combinations consisting of several letters or syllables. Such violations can meet both boys and girls.

This feature can manifest itself in different ways:

• Repeat accounts or sequentially configure numbers. Often, the kids-autists consider many times throughout the day. Such an occupation gives the child comfort and even positive emotions.
• Repeat the words previously said. For example, after the question "How old are you?", The baby can repeat a few dozen times "I am 5 years old, 5 years old". Very often such kids repeat one phrase or a word at least 10-20 times.

In other cases, kids with autism can perform the same action for a long time. For example, they are repeatedly turned off and include light. Some kids often open or closed water taps.

Another feature may be a constant closure of the fingers or the same type of movement with legs and handles. Such typical actions, repeated many times, brings trenches and peace to kids.

In more rare cases, kids can perform other similar actions, for example, sniffing various items. Many scientists associate this with the fact that there are violations in those zones of the cerebral cortex, which are active for the perception of smells. The smell, touch, vision and taste perception - these spheres of sensual perception in the baby with autism are also often damaged, and various manifestations appear.

Violations of speech behavior

Speech disorders arise from babies with autism quite often. The severity of manifestations is different. With a lighter form of illness, as a rule, speech violations expressed slightly. With a more severe flow, a complete delay in speech development can be observed and the acquisition of persistent defects.

There may be a disease in different ways. Often kids with autism late begin to talk. As a rule, after the child pronounces the first few words, he can shift for a long time. The lexicon kid consists of just a few words. Often he repeats them many times throughout the day.

Kids with autism poorly expand their vocabulary. Even remembering words, they try not to use a large number of different combinations in their speech.

A feature of speech behavior at the kid over two years is the mention of items in the third person. Most often, the child will call himself by name or will talk, for example, "Olya girl." The pronoun "I" from a child with autism almost never hear.

If you ask the baby if he wants to swim, then the child can answer "he wants to swim" or call himself named "Kostya wants to swim".

Very often, kids with autism are not responsible for direct questions that they are addressed. They can be silent or leave the answer, translate the conversation to other topics or just ignore. This behavior is associated with the painful perception of new contacts and an attempt to invade personal space.

If there is too many questions to the baby or ask too many questions in a short time, then the child can respond even very violently, showing aggression.

The speech of older children often includes many interesting combinations and phrases.They greatly remember various fairy tales and proverbs.

The baby suffering from autism can easily read by heart the passage from Pushkin's poem even at a five-year-old age or extend the complex poem.

Such children often notice a leaning to the rhythm. In a more junior age, the kids deliver great pleasure to repeated various rhymes.

The combination of words may seem absolutely meaningless, and in some cases - even crazy. However, kids with autism repetition such rhymes delivers joy and positive emotions.

Change of intelligence and different levels of mental development

For a long time it was believed that children with autism are mentally retarded. But this is a huge confusion! A large number of toddler autists have the highest level of IQ.

With proper communication with the child, you can see the presence of a high level of intelligence. However, he will show it far from everyone.

The peculiarity of the mental development of an autistist is that it is very difficult for him to focus and be purposeful in achieving specific goals.

The memory of such babies has an electional property. Not all events, the child will memorize with the same ease, but only those who, according to his personal perception, will be closer to the inner world.

In some kids, logical perception defects are observed. They do not perfect tasks for building an associative series.

Ordinary abstract kid events perceives well,it can easily repeat the sequence or chain of events even after a long time. Disorders of long memory in children suffering from autism are not observed.

Kids with more high levels Intelligence is very poorly integrated at school. Often, such a child becomes "outcast" or "white crow.

The violated ability to socialization contributes to the fact that the authist children are even more distinguished from the outside world. As a rule, such kids have a tendency to various sciences. They can become real geniuses if the child applies the right approach.

Different variants of the disease can flow in different ways. In some cases, the kids have a decrease in intellectual abilities. They are unsatisfactory study at school, do not answer questions of teachers, poorly solve difficult geometric tasks that require good spatial and logical abilities.

Very often, such children need special training with the use of special pedagogical programs that are designed specifically for kids with autism.

It is important to note that any deterioration of the state may occur in a child suddenly when exposed to any provoking cause. Often they can be strong stressful impacts or attacks from peers.

Todders suffering from autism, carry such provoking events very hard. It can even lead to strong apathy or, on the contrary, cause violent aggression.

For teaching children with autism, see the following video.

Changing the feeling of self

In violation of any contact with other people, autists often design any negative events on themselves. This is called autoagressiveness. Such a manifestation of the disease in varying degrees of severity is found quite often. Almost every third child with autism suffers from this unfavorable manifestation of the disease.

Psychotherapists believe that this negative symptom arises as a result of the violated perception of the borders of its own inner world. Any threat to personal security is perceived by a sick child overly acute. Kids can cause themselves different injuries: bite yourself or even on purposely cut down.

In childhood, the child has a feeling of the limited space. Such babies are often falling out of the playpen, having flown very much. Some children can be unfastened from the stroller and fall to the ground.

Usually such negative and painful experience will make a healthy baby not to make such actions in the future. The kid with autism, even despite the resulting painful syndrome, will still repeat this action also.

Rarely rarely kid shows aggression towards others. In 99% of cases, the manifestation of such a reaction is self-defense. As a rule, kids very sharply perceive any attempts to invade their personal world.

Inappropriate actions towards a child with autism or even a simple desire to come to contact can cause a kid attack of aggression that provokes internal fear.

Disorders of psychomotor functions

Quite often, the kids with autism occurs a modified gait. They try to walk on tiptoe. Some kids can bounce when walking. Such a symptom occurs daily.

All attempts to make comments to the baby that he walks wrong and need to walk differently, do not cause a response from him. The child remains faithful to his gait for a long time.

Kids with autism do not notice the changes that manifest themselves in his daily life. Older kids are trying to choose the routes familiar to him. A child who is painful autism, almost always chooses the same way to school without changing his own habits.

Kids often remain faithful to their taste preferences.Such children should not be trained in a certain mode of food intake. Anyway, a child with autism will have their own idea and even a whole system in the head, which and when he is better to eat.

Make the baby to eat an unfamiliar product will be almost impossible. They remain loyal to their taste addictions throughout life.

Main characteristics by age

Until a year

Todders with autism manifestations poorly react to any attempts to appeal to them, especially by name. Children do not miss for a long time and do not utter the first words.

The child's emotions are sufficiently depleted. Gestalkulation is also significantly reduced. The kid who is sick by autism, gives the impression of a very relaxing child who is little crying and practically does not ask for a handle. Any contacts with parents and even mom do not deliver a child strong positive emotions.

Newborn babies and infants practically do not express various emotions on the face. Such kids seem even somewhat detached. Often, attempts to bring a smile at the kid, he does not change in his face or perceives this attempt is cold enough. Such kids love to consider various items. Their look stops at some subject for a very long time.

Kids often try to choose one or a couple of toys with which they can spend almost all day. For games, none of the strangers are absolutely not required. They feel beautifully alone with themselves. Sometimes attempts to invade their game can cause panic attack or aggression.

Children of the first year of life, having autistic, are practically no name for adults. If they need something, they try to take this item alone.

Intellect violations at this age, as a rule, does not happen. Most babies are not lagging behind the peers in terms of physical or mental development.

Up to 3 years

At the age of 3 years, the symptoms of restrictions of their own space begin to appear to a greater extent.

Playing on the street, kids categorically refuse to play in one sandbox with other children.All items and toys that belong to a child with autism belong only to him.

Such children from the side seem very closed and "on themselves". Most often by one and a half years, they can only pronounce a few words. However, this happens not for all kids. Often they repeat various verbal combinations that do not carry a large sense load.

After the child spoke the first word, he suddenly silenced and practically not to talk for quite a long time.

Tabs suffering from autism, almost never answer the questions asked them. Only with the most close people for them they can pronounce a few words or respond to the third person to the question, addressed to them.

Very often, such kids try to remove their eyes and do not look at the interlocutor. Even if the child responds to the question, he will never utter the word "I". Kids with autism define themselves as "he" or "she". Many kids simply call themselves by name.

For some kids are characterized by stereotypical actions.They can swing hard on the chair. The comments of the parents about what to do wrong or ugly, does not cause any response from the child. This is not connected with the desire to demonstrate its character, but simply with a violation of the perception of one's own behavior. The baby really does not notice and does not see anything wrong in his actions.

Some kids may have problems with shallow motility. When trying to take any small items from the table or floor, the child does it very clumsy.

Often, kids cannot well compress her palms. Such a violation of shallow motility is mandatory requires special classes that are aimed at improving this skill.

In case of untimely conducting correction, the child may have a letter violations, as well as the appearance of gesticulation, unusual for the usual kid.

The kids-autists love to play with water taps or switches. They also like to open and close the doors. Any one-type movements cause excellent emotions from the child. Such actions it can perform as much as the parents do not intervene. When performing these movements, the baby absolutely does not notice that it performs them repeatedly.

The kids are eating only those products that they like, play independently and practically do not get acquainted with other children. Many surrounding mistakes consider such babies too spoiled. This is a huge delusion!

A child who is sick to autism, at the age of three years absolutely does not see any differences in his behavior regarding the behavior of others. He just tries to limit the boundaries of his inner world from any interventions from the outside.

It used to be believed that children with autism have certain features of the face. Often such features were called aristocratic forms. It was believed that autists had a thinner and elongated nose. However, this is not so.

To date, it has not been reliably a link between the characteristics of the structure of the face and the presence of autism in a child. Such judgments are just speculation and do not know how scientific evidence.

From 3 to 6 years

At this age, the peak of the incidence of autism is observed. Children begin to divert into kindergarten, where they become noticeable violations in social adaptation.

The kids with autism perceive the morning trips to the preschool educational institution without expressed delight. They would with a larger hunting stayed at home, which left the familiar safe housing for them.

The kid suffering from autism practically does not meet new friends. At best, he appears one new acquaintance that becomes the best friend.

A large number of people in their inner world a sick child will never accept. Very often, such children are trying to close even more, to get away from the psychotrauming situation.

The child tries to come up with some kind of magical story or a fairy tale explaining why he should go to this kindergarten. Then he becomes the main acting person of this action. However, visits to the kindergarten does not give the baby any pleasure. He really gets his peers and practically does not listen to educators.

All things in the personal cabinet kid are usually folded strictly in order. It becomes well noticeable from the side. Such kids do not bring any chaos and scattered things. Any violation of the streamlining of the structure can cause them an apathy attack, and some cases - aggressive behavior.

Attempts to force the child to get acquainted with new babies in the group can cause him the strongest stress.

Toddlers with autism can not be scolded for making some kind of similar actions for a long period of time. You just need to choose the key to such a child.

Often to cope with the "special" toddler caregivers of kindergarten simply cannot. Many features of violated behavior Pedagogical workers perceive both excessive spoilness and character characteristics. In these cases, the mandatory work of a medical psychologist, who will work daily with a child in a preschool institution.

Over 6 years old

Kids with autism in Russia are visited by ordinary schools. In our country, there are no specialized educational programs for such children. Usually babies suffering from autism are well learn. They have a tendency to various disciplines. Many guys even show the highest level of ownership of the subject.

Such kids are often focused on some one subject. According to other disciplines that do not find a response in the inner world of the child, they may have very mediocre academic performance.

The kids with autism are quite poorly concentrated, and also differ in the insufficient concentration of attention at once on several subjects at the same time.

Often in such children, if the disease was found at an early stage and there were no strong defects from small motility, brilliant abilities for music or creativity are found.

Kids can play for hours on various musical instruments. Some kids even independently compose various works.

Children tend to try to lead a enough closed lifestyle. They have few friends. They practically do not attend various entertainment events on which a huge number of people may be present. Finding the house for them is more comfortable.

Very often, kids have commitment to certain foods. In most cases, emerging in early childhood. Kids suffering from autism, eat in a strictly allotted time on their own schedule. All food intakes are accompanied by a certain ritual.

They are often eating only out of the plates familiar to them, try to avoid dishes of new colors. All cutlery is usually unfolded by a child on the table in a strictly defined sequence.

Kids with manifestations of autism can very successfully graduate from school, showing excellent knowledge on some kind of discipline.

Only in 30% of cases of kids suffering from this disease are lagging behind the school program and have poor performance. As a rule, such children have a diagnosis "autism" was raised quite late or a good rehabilitation program was carried out, which makes it possible to reduce adverse symptoms of the disease and improve social adaptation.

Problems

Very often, the kids with autism are found not only violations in behavior, but also various pathological manifestations from the internal organs.

Gastrointestinal disorders

Manifested in the form of possible diarrhea or constipation that practically do not depend on food products that the child gets. Children with autism have special taste preferences. To normalize unfavorable manifestations and violations of the chair, a gluten-free diet is effectively used. Such a nutrition in which the amount of gluten is limited, contributes to the coordinated operation of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and reduces the negative symptoms of indigestion.

More about diet with autism you can learn by looking at the next video.

Violations of sleep

Kids have almost the same activity during the day and night. Such children are very difficult to go to bed. Even if they fall asleep, they can sleep for just a few hours. Very often, the kids wake up very early in the morning. In the daytime, they can abandon sleep. In some cases, when influencing strong psychotrauming situations, insomnia may increase or nightmares appear, which further contribute to the violation of the overall well-being of the child.

When is a psychiatrist advice?

To seek doctor's help should be immediately if the parents suspected the first signs of the disease at their kid. Only a psychiatrist can accurately make a diagnosis and recommend the necessary therapeutic treatment.

As a rule, all children who have been diagnosed with autism should periodically observe the doctor. You should not be afraid of this doctor! It does not mean that the child has pronounced mental violations. Such observation is primarily primarily for the prevention of the development of unwanted remote symptoms of the disease.

In our country, children who have been diagnosed with autism, practically do not pass any specialized rehabilitation programs. European specialists and doctors from the United States use a whole complex of various psychotherapeutic techniques that allow many times to improve the quality of the child's life suffering from autism.

Medical psychologists, professional instructors on therapeutic physical education, imfestructologists and speech therapists work with the kids from the earliest age. Throughout life, such a patient is necessarily observed by a psychiatrist.

At what age is most often diagnosed with the disease?

According to statistics, the greatest number of cases for the first time a registered disease falls at the age of 3-4 years. It is at this time that the symptoms of social disadaptation of the baby begin to be pronounced.

There are scientific assumptions that suggest that in developing more advanced diagnostic criteria to identify autism cases in children at earlier age will be much simpler.

Determine the first manifestations of disease in newborns - the task is very difficult even for an experienced children's doctor. For a full-fledged survey and diagnose establishment requires a full-fledged organization medical examinationwhich is usually involved at least 5-6 different specialists who have skills and knowledge on the treatment of autism for babies.

Diagnostics

Diagnose the disease is quite difficult. In Russia, the diagnosis of "autism" will most often be exposed when the following psychological disorders are found:

• social disadaptation of a child in the environment;
• pronounced difficulties with the establishment of new communications and contacts with other people;
• multiple repetition of typical actions or words for a long period of time.

If the course of the disease occurs in a typical or classic version, the above features occur in 100% of cases. Such babies require mandatory consultation at a psychiatrist, and if necessary, a deployed consultation with the involvement of related specialties that work with children-autists.

During a more detailed examination, doctors try to determine the presence or absence of not only the main signs, but also additional. For this, they use several disease classifications.

With autism use:

• The ICD-X is the main working paper for Russian specialists.
• The category of DSM-5 or Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (a reference book on the diagnosis and statistics of psychiatric diseases) is used by psychiatrists of the whole world, including in Europe and the United States.

According to these medical directories, a child with autism should be observed at least six symptoms presented in it. To determine their definition, doctors resort to different questionnaires, according to which the state of the baby is evaluated in the game form. Such a study is carried out as much as possible in order not to injure the impaired children's psyche.

Also necessarily interviews with parents. This study allows you to clarify the availability and nature of violations in the behavior of a child who cause concern.

Parents are interviewed several psychiatrists at once, as well as a medical psychologist. Such diagnostic methods are mainly applied only in Europe and in the United States. In Russia, unfortunately, the diagnosis of autism is in an extremely deplorable state.

The kids with this disease remain unexplored for a long time.

Over time, they have adopted negative manifestations of social deadaption, apathy can grow and the inability to establish contacts with the surrounding people. In our country, working criteria for diagnostics have not yet been developed, for which a similar diagnosis is easily established. In this regard, cases of correct and timely diagnosis is quite small.

Is it possible to test at home?

It is almost impossible to fully survey the house. During such testing, you can only get an approximate response. Diagnosis "Autism" can only put a psychiatrist. To do this, it uses several different tests that are used to diagnose the disease, as well as various other techniques that allow you to specify the degree and level of damage.

Conducting testing at home, parents often can get a false result. Very often, the information system automatically analyzes the answers without the use of differentiated attitudes towards a specific child.

To make a diagnosis, a multi-stage medical examination is required for the presence of autism in the kid.

How to treat?

Currently, the specific treatment of autism is not developed. Unfortunately, there is no special tablet or a magic vaccine that would reliably defend the baby from the possible development of the disease. A single cause of the disease is not installed.

The lack of an understanding of the original disease does not allow scientists to create a unique medicine that would allow fully healing toddlers with autism.

Treatment of this mental illness is carried out comprehensively, taking into account the symptoms that have arisen. Such psychotropic drugs are prescribed only a psychiatrist.They are discharged on special recipes and issued in strict accounting in pharmacies. The appointment of such drugs is made by courses or for the entire period of deterioration.

All treatment methods can be divided into several groups:

• Medical treatment.In this case, various drugs are prescribed to eliminate adverse symptoms that are found in various stages of the disease. Such drugs are issued only after inspecting the baby and the possible additional surveys.
• Psychological advice.With a child suffering from autism, a children's medical psychologist should work. Using various psychological techniques, the specialist will help the baby cope with arising outbreaks of anger and autoagression, as well as to improve the inner sensation when integrating into a new team.
• Structuring wellness procedures.Tabs with autism are not completely contraindicated with sports. However, they should be engaged in special groups with professional instructors or coaches, which are trained in elements of working with "special" children. Such kids can show excellent results and achieve good sporting achievements. Success is possible only when applying the right pedagogical approach.
• Speech therapy classes. With the baby up to 3 years old, it is necessary to hold a speech therapist. At such lessons, children learn to speak correctly, refuse to apply multiple words repetitions. Spenting classes allow you to improve the lexicon of the kid, to make even more words to his vocabulary. Such learning games help children better adapt in new teams and improve their social adaptation.

Medicia treatment

Purpose of various medicines On a permanent basis, kids with autism are not required. Such drugs apply only to eliminate the negative manifestations of the disease. In this case, non-timely rendered treatment can be carried out to develop various adverse effects and even worsening the state of the kid.

Most often with autism, the following drugs are prescribed to the kids.

Psychotropic agents and neuroleptics

Apply to the treatment of attacks of aggressive behavior. Can be assigned to the course reception or one-time to eliminate the turbulent outbreak of autoagression. Psychiatrists choose various drugs that allow eliminate negative symptoms of the disease. For example, the antipsychotic means "Rispolept" and "Serokvel" allow you to cope with sharp attacks Strong aggression and calm the baby.

It is important to note that the purpose of antipsychotic funds on a permanent basis is carried out only with the serious course of the disease. In this case, the severity of the symptoms is excessively high.

Long-term reception of any antipsychotic drugs can cause addictive and various side effects. In order to prevent this, doctors resort to the appointment of exchange rate applications.

To eliminate panic attacks or improved mood, the doctor may assign special tools that affect the level of endorphins. These drugs also have a number of contraindications. They apply only in the case when various psychological methods of behavior correction were carried out, but they did not have success and did not lead to an improvement in the child's well-being.

Probiotics for the treatment of dysbacteriosis

In kids with autism in 90% of cases, doctors register persistent irritable bowel syndrome or dysbacteriosis. In this case, the microflora is impaired in the gastrointestinal tract. It has practically no useful lactobacillas and bifidobacteria, but the microorganisms of the pathogenic flora perfectly multiply. Very often, such children have an increased height of yeast.

To eliminate these adverse symptoms, doctors resort to the appointment of various medicines enriched with lacto and bifidobacteriums. Kids are prescribed: "Bifidobacterin", "Acipol", "Linex", "Enterol" and many others. The appointment of these funds is carried out after the additional study - Bakposev feces and conducting dough on dysbacteriosis. Preparations are assigned to the course reception. It is usually designed for 1-3 months of daily use.

In the diet of the child with dysbacteriosis, in addition to medicines, it is necessary to include fresh fermented milk products with a high content of microorganisms useful for intestines.

You can also make them at home. In this case, the beneficial properties of the product are not lost, and it can be safely given to the baby.

The effect of the use of fermented milk products occurs, as a rule, by the end of the first week.

Vitaminotherapy

In kids with autism, there is a pronounced and practically constant shortage of a number of vitamins: B1, B6, B12, PP. To eliminate this state, the appointment of a complex of biologically active substances is required. Such vitamin-minerals allow you to eliminate the shortage of any vitamins, as well as normalize the microelement composition inside the body.

Since kids with autism are very committed to any type of food, their diet is often very monotonous. This leads to insufficient flow of vitamins and trace elements from outside.

In order to improve this condition, the daily addition of various vegetables and fruits to nutrition is required, especially in the summer. These products contain high content of various vitamins and microelements, which is vital for the baby.

Soothing means

Used to eliminate alarm. Very often, when exposed to a strong psychotrauming situation, a sick child may have a strong panic state. In this case, psychiatrists prescribe psychotropic drugs that are able to effectively eliminate this manifestation. No more drugs are required. Just only one-time reception.

Very often kids with autism well sleep. It is difficult to fall asleep. The duration of sleep can be not more than 6-7 hours a day.

For little child This is insufficient. To improve the night's night sleep, as well as normalize the circadian rhythm, doctors recommend using soft preparations that calm the nervous system and contribute to rapid falling asleep.

For kids, it is safe to use various herbs with a sedative effect. Such natural medicines practically do not cause side effects and do not have numerous contraindications. Decractions from melissa or mint are used to normalize sleep. You can give these herbs to the baby in the form of tea. It is better to drink such a sedative medicine no later than 2-3 hours before sleep.

The purpose of sedative medicines is allowed only with pronounced sleep disorders.Typically, such drugs are prescribed quite a long time. It is not desirable to apply these funds with lighter forms of the disease, as they can have a pronounced tranquilizing effect or call addictive. Purpose of drugs makes a psychotherapist after a preliminary inspection.

Help psychologist

The use of various psychological techniques is an important element of toddler therapy suffering from autism. American experts who spend daily classes with sick babies, recommend conducting such classes at least 2-3 times a week.

It is better that the psychologist also also medical education. In this case, it can quickly navigate it upon the occurrence of a deterioration in the state and send a kid to consult a psychiatrist.

The psychologist does not appoint drugs. He takes treatment only by the word.Usually, the first meeting with a specialist is very important for kids with autism. It is at this time that it is possible to understand whether such classes will be successful and will the child with a psychologist will find a common language.

In order to penetrate the inner world of a child suffering from autism, a psychologist must make friends with him very sensitive. Only in this case, the kid will come to contact.

Often, treatment may not bring a pronounced positive effect in the absence of primary contact between the toddler authist and the psychologist.

All classes are held in a specially equipped room. Often to work with children suffering from autism, all lessons are carried out only in one room. This contributes to creating a calmer and comfortable atmosphere for a child.

Psychologists try not to move or no rearrange toys for no reason, as this can bring pronounced mental discomfort to the baby.

The game forms of classes are usually selected.During such games, children are as "open" as much as possible and can demonstrate real emotions. The duration of each occupation is usually no more than an hour.

With a longer communication, the kid may have strong fatigue and reluctance to contact the specialist.

Working with kids that suffer from autism is usually conducted throughout the child's life. In this case, only species and forms of psychological techniques are changing.

Very often, psychologists become real family members or very close friends.In America, several cases of family appeal to psychologists are registered. In this case, autism suffered not only a child, but someone from parents.

It is important to note that family classes also have a good therapeutic effect.

Classes from a psychologist with babies up to 3-5 years old is often held with someone from parents. Typically chooses that parent, with whom the baby has a closer relationship. The psychologist in the game form creates various household situations that can meet in everyday life. During such a game, he conducts teaching kid, how to react to new people. Babies learn to better communicate with other babies, and also acquire new useful skills that they can come in handy every day.

Classes

To improve integration into the society of a child suffering from autism, it is required to comply with additional events that will help him. Usually such a complex of various classes is compiled jointly with a children's psychologist or on the recommendation of a psychiatrist.

Usually, before choosing any hobby, which will be interested in the baby, a good analysis of its abilities is required and a qualitative assessment of the level of health and physical development. Not all kids who are sick of autistic will perform the same tasks with the same interest. Right choice Classes to a large extent improves the prognosis of treatment and favorably affects the mental and mental development of the kid.

Typically, children suffering from autism, recommend various corrective classes that allow you to improve the social integration of the baby in society. For kids recommended sport.However, you can not choose not all sports workouts. For kids-autists, quiet sports will be suitable: swimming training, playing chess or checkers, golf. You have to choose those sports species where the concentration of attention is required on some one subject.

Sports of sports where high speed or high risk of traumaism is better left. Tabs with autism should not be jogging, jumping, boxing and various power struggle.

Command games - also do not fit. It is better to prefer more relaxed sports that will help strengthen the health of the baby and have a positive effect on his nervous system.

Toddles, suffering from autism, very warmly belong to various animals. In such children, doctors often celebrate even a "cult" of animals. The kid authist can have a whole collection of cats or dogs. Direct contact and pet taking can cause strong positive emotions from the baby and even improve the treatment prediction.

Children suffering from autism is useful to spend time in communicating with various animals. Doctors recommend spending hippotherapy or dolphinotherapy sessions. Such with animals will bring strong joy to the baby and will have a positive effect on its development.

When the baby is touching any living creature, special endorphine molecules are beginning to be produced in the cortex of the brain, which cause a sea of \u200b\u200bpositive emotions.

If possible, such classes with animals should be carried out as often as possible.It is better that the child has the opportunity to constantly observe living creatures and communicate with them. During communication with a dog or kitty, a baby learned to contact the environment. This positively affects his ability to make new contacts and improves social adaptation in society.

What toys to buy?

Often parents break their head over what kind of gift to give to her baby, whose doctors discovered autism. It seems that every new toy practically does not give the child any joy. However, this is not quite true. Each child suffering from autism has its own personal addiction to some specific kind of toys.

Often boys choose various aircraft or ships, and girls are different animals or dolls. It is important to note that the kids-autists can come delight from presented animals. The main thing is only to determine which specifically the animal like your child. This is usually no difficulty: a baby-authist will never release a toy in the form of a animal from the hands.

If once a donated plush dog is the most beloved in the child, any other dogs will also cause a stormy delight.

The kids who have a diagnosis of "autism" are not inclined to accumulate at all. They are enough just 2-3 different toys for the condition of comfort and happiness. A huge number of different gifts can even scare them!

For up to three years old, it is worth choosing toys that improve finching a small motility.Usually, the kids suffering from autism are quite poorly performed any tasks associated with drawing or modeling.

You can try to interest the baby by collecting various puzzles consisting of large and bright details. Designers are perfectly suitable, from the elements of which the numerous combinations of figures can be built.

For kids aged 1.5-2 years, mats are perfectly suitable, which consist of several large details. The upper surface of such products has small elevations or irregularities. It is necessary so that the legs are massaged during walking. Such an effect has a favorable effect on the entire musculoskeletal system of the child. Select the rug follows more neutral colors, avoiding excessively bright colors.

For children older age and especially prone to aggression, you can choose a spinner. This fashionable toy normalizes the work of the nervous system and even allows you to deal with the consequences of stress. The kids often like to twist the spinner, as any repeated repetition actions bring them soothing and even positive emotions.

In adolescence, it is better not to buy a computer computer game. Most of these toys can cause a spontaneous attack of aggression in the kid or, on the contrary, increase the apathetic state.

Very often, children suffering from autism love to play computer games, as it does not require any real contact with the outside world. However, the consequences can be very negative.

Can autists in the future have healthy children?

Scientists note a pronounced genetic pattern in the possibility of inheritance of the disease. There are also theories about the presence of special genes, which are responsible for the development of the disease in the kids, in whose families there were previous cases of autism.

Autocrats can have healthy children. Inheritance of genes occurs at the stage of intrauterine development. If the baby was born in the family, where only one of his parents sick autism, then he may well be healthy.

If both parents sick autism, the possibility of the birth of a sick child is 25%, and the likelihood of the birth of a baby carrier of this gene is 50%. This disease is inherited by an autosomal-recessive sign.

If more than one baby is born in such families, the risk of patients with babies may increase. It also increases when exposed to various provoking factors on a future child during the intrauterine development in the body of a pregnant mammy.

To determine the hidden autism, the newborn uses the "Heel" method. It suggests the presence of this mental illness at the kid. It is usually held with autistic parents or in cases where there is a suspicion of the possibility of developing a disease in a born baby.

Does the child give disabilities?

In Russia, the diagnosis "Autism" provides for the establishment of a group of disability. However, it is not exhibited not to all kids. In our country, special medical and social criteria are applied, which take into account various factors.

The decision to establish a group is accepted strictly collegially. Experts at once are involved in several specialties at once: a psychiatrist, psychologist, rehabilitologist.

In order for a child to establish a group of disability, the provision of all necessary medical records to the body of medical and social expertise. In the children's card, the baby must be attended by the conclusion of his psychiatrist and child psychologist. In this case, expert doctors may have a more informative picture of the disease.

Before passing a medical and social examination, additional analyzes and surveys are often appointed. It can be both various laboratory tests and conducting specialized studies of the brain, which allow you to clarify the nature and degree of violations. Usually in our country prescribe EEG or electroencephalography of the brain.

With this method, you can establish various violations of nerve pulses in the cortex of hemispheres. The method is informative enough and quite often applied in child psychiatric and neurological practice.

The test results allow the doctors to establish the nature and degree of disorders arising from the disease.

Not at all forms of autism can be established a disability group. As a rule, it is determined in the presence of persistent disorders of nervous activity, which lead to pronounced kid's deadaption.

The level of mental development and intelligence also significantly affect the forecast of the course of the disease and the establishment of the Group.

Often, disability is established after three years. Cases of establishing a group at an earlier age in Russia are practically not found and are episodic.

Autism is a disease that in most cases flows without persistent periods of remission. This leads to the fact that a group of disability, as a rule, is established for life.

Disabled children mental diseases There must be a whole range of rehabilitation activities. Solifications, psychologists, rehabilitologists doctors are engaged with such kids. The rehabilitation course is usually designed for quite a long time, since the treatment of the disease is carried out throughout the human life suffering from autism.

Parents who faced the establishment of a disability group to their baby often note some difficulties in conducting medical and social expertise. Most often they note: a huge number of pre-prepared medical records and long-term queues for examination. Not always a disability group was installed during the primary handling. Often only with the second or third attempt to doctors, experts took a positive decision on the presence of disabled signs in the child.

The establishment of the group is very complex and often a controversial task. However, for kids with autism, this step is often forced, but really necessary. For full-fledged classes with a child, quite large financial costs are required:training with a psychologist, consultation from speech therapist, hippotherapy courses, the use of special psychotropic drugs. All this without a group of disability becomes very difficult and financially burdensome for many families.

For parents raising kids-autists, the main thing is to understand that this disease will remain in the baby for life. Unfortunately, the autism is currently impossible.

Malyshi-authists, with the right approach, are well developing and from the outside they do not even differ from their peers. Only a few unfamiliar people may notice that the baby is slightly different from others. However, they often believe that such a child is simply unnecessary or has a bad character.

In order to improve the quality of the life of the baby and help him in social adaptation, take advantage of the following tips:

• Try to communicate with your child. The kids-autists categorically do not perceive elevated tones or swearing. Communicate with such children is better in the same calm tone, without the use of curses. If the baby did something wrong, try not to react overly and aggressively, but simply explain to the child how to make this action is true. You can also show it as a certain game.
• The child's education should be engaged in both parents.Even despite the fact that, as a rule, the baby chooses communication with dad or mom, they both should participate in his life. In this case, the child feels more comfortable and receives the correct idea of \u200b\u200bthe organization of the family. In the future, when creating his own life, it will largely be guided by the principles laid down in childhood.
• To teach to the pots of kids with autism is quite difficult.Typically, children's psychologists help. In a game form, they create a similar household situation and work out with the kid the correct sequence of actions. For self-study at home, remember that the child should be accessed gradually and consistently. Never increase your voice and do not punish the baby if he did something wrong. In the case of a child-autistic, this measure will not lead to a positive result.
• To teach read the baby, suffering from autism, is possible only with everyday classes with him.Try to choose learning books without overly bright pictures. A huge amount of diverse colors can alert and even frighten the child. Choose the publication without the motley pictures. Training is better carried out in a game form. So the baby will perceive this process as an ordinary game.
• During the strong tantrum, the baby needs to be carefully calmed. It will be better to make that family member, with whom the child has a closer contact. If the child is overly aggressive, then try to quickly take it into a children's room. The usual setting will help the baby easier to calm down. Never increase your voice, trying to finish it! This will not lead to anything good. Explain the baby that he has nothing to fear, and you are near. Try to switch attention to another event or object.
• Try to definitely make contact with the baby-autistic.Only with the most close to him, the child communicates calmly. For this, never ask the baby a million questions. Frequent arms will also not lead to the establishment of contact. Try to spend more time with the baby, just watching his games. After a while, the child will perceive you as part of his game, and it will be easier to contact.
• Take a child to the right day of the day.Usually, the kids are authors perfectly perceive a clearly organized routine. It creates a feeling of complete comfort and security. Try to fall asleep and woke up at the same time. Be sure to follow feeding mode. Even at the weekend, keep your usual routine for the baby.
• Be sure to pass regular examination and observation of a children's psychotherapist and a psychologist.Such consultations are very important for estimating the forecast of the disease and establishing the dynamics of the child's condition. Usually, small patients with autism must visit the psychotherapist at least twice a year. With a worsening of well-being - more often.
• Organize for the baby proper full nutrition. Given the features of the disturbed microflora, all the kids, with autism, it is necessary to eat fermented dairy products. They must be as fresh as possible. It is in this case that the concentration of useful lactobacilli and bifidobacteria will be sufficient. Only such products will be useful for a child and improve its digestion.
• From the very first days of the birth of the child more often try to take care of him and affection.Malyshi-authists react very badly to various bodily manifestations of love and tenderness. However, this does not mean that it is not necessary to do this. Doctors advise more often to hug a child and kiss. It is necessary to do this without causing him a mental pressure. If the baby is not in the mood, it is better to postpone the embrace for a while.
• Give the baby new friend.Most autistic children love domestic animals. Communication with fluffy animals brings toddler not only positive emotions and favorably affects his disease, but also has a real healing effect on tactile sensitivity. A kitty or dog will become real friends for the baby and help him easier to install contacts not only with animals, but also new people.
• Do not scold a child! Any increase in the voice of the kid suffering from autism, perceives very painfully. The reaction may be unpredictable. Some kids fall into strong apathy and become more indifferent to everything that happens in everyday life. Other children may have an excessively strong attack of aggression, which will even require the use of drugs.
• Try to choose an interesting hobby for the baby.Very often, children suffering from autism are perfectly drawn or play musical instruments. Training in a specialized art school will help the baby to achieve high professional success. Often such kids become real geniuses. Be sure to follow the load that falls on the baby. Excessive passion can lead to severe fatigue and violation of attention.
• Do not move the furniture in the children's room and in the whole apartment. Try to all toys and objects that belong to the child remain in their places. Strong permutations can cause a baby suffering from autism, real attacks of panic and excessive aggression. Acquisition of new items do carefully, without attracting great attention to this.
• Do not limit the child only by finding the house!Kids with autism should not be constantly in four walls. It only aggravates the inability to make new friends and dating. Gradually expand the conditions where the kid conducts a large amount of time. Try to motivate him for a walk, attend close relatives. However, it should be gradually, without psychological pressure. The baby must be very comfortable in the new conditions.

Autism is not a sentence. This is just a disease that requires increased and special attention to the baby who is sick of this mental illness.

The correct approach to the organization of life and the establishment of personal contact helps such children feel more protected and improves the forecast of the course and development of the disease.

Mama and dads should be remembered that the kid who is diagnosed with autism, requires your attention and care every day throughout life. Such kids are often called "special," since they need to build a unique approach.

The kids suffering from autism, with good rehabilitation, quite well integrated in society and are quite successful in its continued life.

Useful videos

Yana Sommom (the former wife of Constantine Meladze) in the following video on his experience It tells about what to pay attention to to suspect autism in the child.

Many Nuns on Authism you will learn by looking at the transfer of Dr. Komarovsky and "Live Great".

In the preparation of the article, the materials of the site "Autism-test.rf" were used.

This article describes our understanding of what autism is based on our experience.

Purchased by Josef with the consent and approval of David.

Introduction

According to Wikipedia, autism is a violation of the development of the nervous system, for which the diverse manifestations noted for the first time in infant or childhood, and a stable course of disorder, as a rule, without remission. Symptoms are usually preserved in adults, let it often in a relaxed form. One symptom is not enough to determine autism, the presence of a characteristic triad is required:

lack of social interactions;

disturbed mutual communication;

limit of interests and repeating repertoire of behavior.

Another definition of autism:

Autism - Disorder arising due to deviations in the development of a brain, in which the patient has difficulties in communication, closes on a narrow area of \u200b\u200binterest, repeatedly repeats some actions. Also, the patient can be extremely irritably to react to certain sounds, colors and taste.

The reasons for the development of this brain dysfunction were not detected to the end, but, as a rule, they associate them with environmental, immunological and neurological factors.

The emergence of such a disease in children occurs as a result of a reduction in the oxygenation of concrete areas of brain or chronic immunologically indirect inflammatory processes In the intestines.

Children with autism were noted violations of blood flow (hypoperfusion) in the brain. Hypoperfusion, in turn, contributes to the formation of functional defects not only by increasing hypoxia (oxygen deficiency in the brain), but also leads to the accumulation of modified metabolites or mediators.

The basis of the successful development of the nervous system is the balanced operation of the immune system. In children with autism, deviations from the norm in the functioning of the immune system are observed.Astrocytes. (cerebral auxiliary cells), which usually play an important role in controlling perfusion and protection against infections of the central nervous system, begin to damage to healthy cells. Children suffering from the disease often have a weakened immune system and suffer from chronic inflammation. More often, immune imbalance has a detrimental effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Children arise such symptoms as diarrhea, bloating, intestinal lesion and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Autism is usually manifested in the first three years of life. It is found both in light and in difficult form. The symptoms of this disease are not always physiologically, therefore this violation is detected on the inadequate behavior of the child.

The first signs of autism, requiring access to a specialist :

the child does not try to speak or point out finger items upon the expiration of the first year of life,

can not pee one word by 16 months or phrase by 2 years,

does not respond to the name,

can't play with peers on equal

can not focus a look

constantly trying to build a sequence of toys or other items,

does not smile or does not respond to the behavior of others.

The following symptoms appear later :

inability to make friends among the peers,

inability to start a conversation

weak imagination and inability to enter the game,

repeating stereotypical phrases, misuse of words,

excessive passion for some objects,

excessive attachment to a specific schedule.

Autism is one of the three disorders of the autistic spectrum (races, eng. ASD; see the Definitions in Wikipedia). Separate symptoms of the "Triads" are found in the overall population, and the degree of their association with each other is low and pathological manifestations are located in a single continuum with common features for most people.

Autism is a condition characterized by the predominance of closed inner life, active removal from the outside world, the poverty of the expression of emotions.

According to the same Wikipedia, it combines a wider range of deviations, among which - violations of speech and intellectual development.

There is no single scientific opinion on the causes of autism or races. There is a theory of genetic origin of autism, there is evidence that autism can arise as a complication of some vaccinations, there is the theory of exposure to pesticides or even paracetomol. Judging by this scattering of opinions and in the absence of clear evidence, each theory one can assume that autism is not a single disease, but different diseases that have similar symptoms and therefore combined into one diagnosis.

For our practical purposes, these scientific disputes are not important. Judging by our experience, there are various physical and emotional reasons that lead to autism or races in a child.

Our classification of autism is different from generally accepted, because we proceed from our opportunities to heal.

Types of autism - Classification of the center of Beer David

This chapter describes the types of autism, as we understand them. This classification differs from accepted in official medicine. It is the result of understanding specific cases in our practice and methods of diagnosis and treatment that should be applied in each case. The forecast and the duration of treatment for each type of autism in the center of Beer David is based on this classification.

Children's autism arising from the fetus due to the problems of the mother during pregnancy

One of the most common types of autism is autism resulting from incorrectly occurring pregnancy. The following pregnancy disorders can lead to early autism The child has:

• Viral and bacterial diseases in mothers during pregnancy can lead to underdevelopment or damage to the CNS in the fetus. The most severe lesions of the CNS occur if the disease is in the first trimester of pregnancy. There are also evidence that severe malfunctions are shortly before pregnancy can also lead to autism.
• Hormonal violations of mothers during pregnancy. Example - disorders of the thyroid gland or pancreas.
• Violations of the kidneys from the mother. Eclampsia.
• Disorders of other bodies leading to intoxication and damage to the CNS in the fetus.
• Receive some medicines during pregnancy. Apparently, the influence of a particular medication on the fruit depends on the characteristics of the mother's body.
• Other harmful effects on the mother during pregnancy. Example: long-term radio and electromagnetic irradiations, a harmful atmosphere in production, where the mother works and the like.
• Heavy Mother Smoking before pregnancy and during pregnancy. Probably, the use of other substances is also capable of being the cause of the work of the central nervous system in the child (for example, the use of alcohol's mother during pregnancy can lead to so-called fetal alcohol syndrome, which is diagnosed separately).

The forecast of this form of autism from our point of view is usually favorable (at least for cases when the MRI check does not show severe physical brain damage). The duration of treatment depends on the degree of damage to the central nervous system and on the concomitant complications.

Children's autism resulting from generic injury

There are different generic injuries. We divide:

• Hypoxia (oxygen starvation) during childbirth
• Shift and / or damage to the bones of the skull and neck

Hypoxia, depending on the degree and time carried out by the fruit with a lack of oxygen, can give both light deviations in the development of the child and heavier, sometimes bordering the cerebrals (cerebral palsy is usually diagnosed separately). Light deviations are usually diagnosed at an older age, as a rule, already at school, when it is found that the child is not able to absorb some kind of material (for example, a child diskalculus, disgrave or dyslexia) or is capable, but only (for example) if he read Almost learning material or vice versa, only if he sees it written.

If the child has some difficulties in school, it is worth checking if he had no generic injury.

For this type of violations, the forecast (from our point of view) is favorable, but the treatment may take more time depending on the degree of damage to the tissues of the CNS and other organs (for example, the gastrointestinal tract) due to oxygen starvation.

The violation of the bones of the skull and the spine can also lead to development deviations, often much more severe than those that arise due to hypoxia.

The forecast for such damage strongly depends on how much skeleton suffered. A writing, if we are talking about the shifting cervical vertebrae, the forecast is usually favorable. If the injury led to severe anatomical disorders (microcephaly, an infection of the corneous seam), then the treatment will be long, and the forecast strongly depends on the age of the treatment and what is the condition of the child at that moment.

Children's autism resulting from postpartum injuries or diseases

The CNS of the small child is not resistant to different impacts and can be easily damaged in the following cases:

• The impact of anesthesia. General anesthesia ( general anesthesia) It may damage the CNS of varying degrees in small children.
• Impact of viruses. Small children have an immature immune system, whose response can be inadequate to the virus that has occurred to the body. In such cases, the virus can damage the parts of the central nervous system or it can provoke an invalid response of the body, leading to damage to the CNS due to an autoimmune reaction. This should also include the possibility of autism after some vaccinations.
• Diseases of the internal organs of the child leading to the poisoning of the central nervous system.
• Head and back injuries in a child (for example, a concussion of the brain).

For this type of autism there is no single forecast. The forecast in this case depends on many factors and should be given on an individual basis after determining all the circumstances. At about half of the cases, it is impossible to achieve complete healing, but you can improve the situation and improve the quality of life as a child and parents (example: a child sleeps 2-3 hours a day, constantly hysterite, aggressive due to heavy organic brain lesion. It can be brought to a state When he will sleep normally, there will be in good mood).

Complications for autism (autism as a result of organic or metabolic diseases of the body)

Sometimes autistic features manifest themselves in children as a complication of injuries of the head or other major disease. In such cases, there is also no single forecast. Examples:

• Hydrocephalus in the child
• Epilepsy varying degrees
• Violations of metabolism
• Other

This list does not exhaust all possible complications and their combinations. Forecast and recommendations to each specific child can only be given in the process of examination and treatment in the center of Beer David

From all written above, it is clear that the diagnosis of "autism" (and especially races) can hide a large variety of diseases, from autism itself to generic injury, epilepsy or other diseases. Despite the fact that different diseases can give similar symptoms, each cause of the disease requires an individual approach and affects the effectiveness of treatment.

We had the impression that today the diagnosis of "autism" entered the fashion in official medicine, and it almost automatically put children with any delays in development or with the deviations in behavior, often even trying to determine the true causes of the problem. We understand that in order to put an accurate diagnosis, medicine often lacks accurate tools (all analyzes and inspections that segreen medicine provides, require proper interpretation, and often simply do not have the desired accuracy). This is one of the reasons why a medical prognosis "lifeless disability" may not be justified, and the child can recover if it is properly treated.

About vaccinations

For many years, the dispute continues between parents and doctors about the ability of vaccinations to cause children's autism. Studies regularly appear confirming the relationship between vaccination and autism and their refutation. Our experience says that there are a lot of moms reporting that the child has developed perfectly until 18 months, and then the manifestations of autism began, as a rule, increasing with the age of the child.

The age of 18 months is the age when in most developed countries the child gets a triple breastwork of a cort-windmill-rubella or its variation. This vaccination is done by a lively weakened virus.

One of the very unpleasant complications of the measles virus is korea encephalitis. The windmill can also lead to the damage to the CNS, known as chickenpox encephalitis.

We did not make formal studies (and we do not have such intentions), but have observed some kind of inflammation in such children in the spinal column in the brain and we assume that in some cases a relaxed measles virus or windmill can give an unexplored complication on the CNS (weaker What is the famous core or windmill encephalitis) leading to autism. Since the likelihood of a complication of the Corey is much higher than in the windmill, we believe that it is precisely a caustic vaccination can be responsible for most cases of the "vaccination" autism.

Also, in the cases we observed, children, as a rule, were born after some complications of pregnancy or childbirth from the mother. It is likely that there is a connection between the child weakened or the immune system and the probability for it to get a complication from vaccination. Mothers who know about complications during pregnancy or childbirth should be able to put this vaccination for children not at 18 months, as is customary now, but later (let's say, after 7 years), when the child has already grown and his immune system has strengthened enough.

Factors that enhance the symptoms of autism

In children with autism or races, there are often violations of the work gastrointestinal tract, resulting in improper processing and assimilation of some products or even to banal allergies. Such products should be excluded from the diet of the child. There is a very long list of products, checking for sensitivity to which should be done. Here we only give the most common:

• Lactose
• Casein
• Gluten
• Chocolate

Autism - symptoms and treatment

What is autism? The causes of the emergence, diagnosis and treatment methods will analyze in the article of Dr. Vorhlik E. V., Child Psychiatrist with experience in 8 years.

Publication date September 20, 2019Updated October 7, 2019

Definition of the disease. Causes of the disease

Autism (disorder of the autistic spectrum, races) is a neurological violation of development with a variety of symptoms. In general, autism can be characterized as a violation in the perception of external incentives, which causes the child to exacerbate to one phenomena of the outside world and almost not notice others, causes problems in communications with other people, forms sustainable household habits, causes the difficulty of adapting to new conditions, prevents learning Along with peers (including through the imitation of others).

For a child with autism, a later appearance of speech skill is characteristic of either its absence, echolalia (spontaneous repetition of heard phrases and sounds instead of conscious speech), delays in development, lack of joint attention and indicative gestures, stereotypical behavior, the presence of special narrowness of interest.

The first signs of a violation of the child's development are manifested in the first year of life (for example, the child sits down late, there is no emotional contact with parents, interest in toys), but more noticeable becomes two or three years. Cases are also possible when recovery occurs when the skills occurs, and the child ceases to do what he learned earlier.

According to WHO, about each 160th child in the world suffers from races. In the United States, according to the information of the Center for the Control and Prevention of Diseases, this diagnosis is made by one child out of 59, and among boys is four times more often than among girls.

Disorders of the autistic spectrum Includes such concepts as children's autism, atypical autism, infantile psychosis, caran syndrome, manifested by symptoms expressed in one degree or another. Thus, Asperger's syndrome can remain undiagnosed in humans all his life without interfering with professional development and social adaptation, while other forms of autism can cause a mental disability (a person is required for lifetime support and support).

Contrary to the common stereotype, autism is not associated with a high level of intelligence and genius, although in some cases the disorder can accompany syndrome Savantea(Savanism) - outstanding abilities in one or several areas of knowledge, for example, in mathematics.

The reasons leading to the development of the disorders of the autistic spectrum are not fully clarified. Since the 70s, various theories of autism occurred from the ages of the last century. Some of them have not justified themselves and were rejected (for example, the theory of "cold mothers").

Currently, it is considered a polyethological disease, which means that several factors may develop. Among the causes are distinguished:

Genetic factors: In recent years, research has been conducted in Russia and abroad to identify genes responsible for the occurrence of races. According to the latest studies, about half of these genes are widely distributed in the population, but the manifestation of the disease depends on their combination of among themselves and environmental factors.

Structural and functional brain disorders: With the advent of magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) expanded the possibilities of studying the brain. In the study of the brain of people with races, changes were discovered in the structure of various structures: in frontal fractions, cerebellum, a limbic system, a stem department of the brain. There are data on changes in the size of the brain in children with the symptoms of the autistic spectrum compared to healthy children: it is reduced at birth, then dramatically increases during the first year of life. With authisme, there is also a violation of the blood supply of the brain, and in part cases of epilepsy is accompanied by disorder.

Biochemical changes: Many studies were devoted to a brain metabolic disorder that participate in the transfer of pulses between nerve cells (neurotransmitters). For example, 1/3 of children with races were revealed to an increase in serotonin in the blood. According to the results of other studies, all children with autism have been observed an increase in glutamate and aspartate in the blood. It is also assumed that autism, as well as a number of other diseases, can be associated with a violation of the assimilation of some proteins: gluten, casein (studies in this direction are still underway).

Contrary to common myth, autism does not develop as a result of vaccination. A study on the connection of autism with vaccinations from was published in the late 90s in the authoritative medical magazine LANCET, but after 10 years it turned out that these studies were sofalsified. After court proceedings, the magazine recalled the article.

When you find similar symptoms, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate - it is dangerous for your health!

Symptoms of autism

The symptoms of the autistic spectrum disorder is represented by three main groups ("triad violations"): violations in the sphere of social interaction, in the field of communication and in the field of imagination.

Violations in the field of social interaction: Refusal of contact, passive contact acceptance under the initiative by another person, or contact is formal.

Violations in the field of communication: Presented in verbal and non-verbal communication. A child with autism is experiencing difficulties in attracting adults: it does not use an index gesture, instead brings an adult to an object of interest, manipulates his hand to obtain the desired one. Most children with races are developing with a delay in the formation of speech. With this disease, there is no desire to use speech as a means of communication, the understanding of gestures, facial expansion, intonation of the voice is broken. In the speech of people with autism, there is a refusal of personal pronouns, neologisms (independently invented words), also violated the grammar and phonetic system of speech.

Violations in the field of imagination: They manifest themselves in the form of a limited set of actions with toys or objects, monotonous games, fixing attention to insignificant, small parts instead of perceiving a whole object. Stereotypical (monotonous) actions can wear a widest character: tapping or torsion of objects, shocking hands, swinging the body, jumping, repeating blows, croutons. More complex stereotypical actions may be aligned with objects in the ranks, sorting objects in color or size, collecting a large number of objects. Stereotypical behavior can be manifested in everyday actions: the requirement to go the same route in certain places, compliance with a certain waste ritual to sleep, the desire to ask certain issues in many ways and receive answers to them in the same form. Often there are unproductive monotonous interests: excessive passionateness by some cartoon, books on a certain topic, a transport schedule.

In addition to the main symptoms of races, there are additional, which may not always be: no visual contact, motility disorders, behavior impairment, an unusual reaction to external stimuli (sensory overload from a large number of incentives, for example, in shopping centers), selectivity in food. Affective disorders are less likely (manic and depressive states, excitation attacks with aggression and autoagression), neurotic reactions and neurosis-like states.

Pathogenesis of autism

The pathogenesis of autism is currently not studied. Different its forms have their own characteristics of pathogenesis.

In the development of the child there are several critical periods in which the most intense neurophysiological changes occur in the brain: 14-15 months, 5-7 years, 10-11 years. Pathological processes falling over time for critical periods lead to violation of development.

With endogenous (caused by internal factors) child autism, the development of the psyche of the child in the early stages occurs asynchronously. This is manifested in violation of the sequence of motor, speech, emotional maturation. With the normal development of the child, more complex functions of mental activity alternately displace simpler. In the case of autism, there is a "releasing" of simple functions complex - for example, the appearance of the lepture after one year along with the presence of simple words.

The pathogenesis of autistic-like syndrome in chromosomal anomalies, exchange disorders, organic lesions of the brain can be associated with damage to certain structures of the brain.

In some cases, there is a violation of ripening and rearrangement of cells in the crust of large hemispheres, hippocampus and basal ganglia. On computed tomography in children with races, cerebellum, brain barrel, frontal part of the brain cortex, expansion of side ventricles are revealed.

Evidence of the violation of the exchange of dopamine in the brain under autism is the data of positron-tomographic studies, hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors in the structures of the brain in children with autism in some of its forms.

Classification and stage of development of autism

According to the international statistical classification of diseases of the tenth revision (ICD-10) used in Russia, the disorders of the autistic spectrum is divided into:

• children's autism;
• atypical autism;
• rett syndrome;
• another disintegrative disorder of children's age (children's dementia, geller syndrome, symbiosis psychosis);
• hyperactive disorder, combined with mental retardation and stereotypical movements;
• asperger Syndrome.

Employees of the NCPZ RAMS (Scientific Center for Mental Health at the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences) proposed the following classification of races:

• children's autism of endogenous genesis;
• kanner syndrome (evolutionary procedural, classic version of child autism);
• infantile autism (constitutional-proceeding), aged 0 to 12-18 months;
• children's autism (procedural);
• under the age of 3 years (with early child schizophrenia, infantal psychosis);
• at the age of 3-6 years (with early children's schizophrenia, atypical psychosis);
• asperger syndrome (constitutional);
• autistic-like syndromes with organic damage to the central nervous system;
• autistic-like syndromes for chromosomal, exchange and other disorders (under Down syndrome, at x-fraction, phenylketonurium, tuberous sclerosis and other types of mental retardation);
• rett syndrome;
• auto-like exogenous genesis syndromes (psychogenic paralyticism);
• autism of unclear origin.

When discussing the classification, it is important to note that autism is not a form of schizophrenia, although up to the 80s of the last century there were theories about it.

After the publication of the ICD-11, it is assumed that the disorders of the autistic spectrum will be divided as follows:

Complications of autism

Among the complications of races, the following can be distinguished:

Violations of behavior, self-damage:due to inflexible behavior and inability to adequately expressing their emotions, the child can start screaming, crying for insignificant occasion or laugh without visible reasons. Often there is also a manifestation of aggression towards others or self-performing behavior.

Violations in the cognitive sphere:in most children, a decrease in intelligence (with the exception of Asperger's syndrome) is observed. The degree of reduction in intelligence varies from uneven delay in intellectual development to heavy mental retardation. Throughout life can be maintained by speech violations from a simple identity of speech to severe underdevelopment or complete absence. This imposes a restriction on education and further employment.

Neurotic symptoms: Many people with races are developing alarming, depressive manifestations, obsessive-compulsive syndrome, sleep disorders.

Facility attacks: Approximately about a third of children with autism suffer from epilepsy, which begins in children's or adolescence.

Digestive disorders:due to selectivity in food and unusual food habits during autism, various disorders of digestion, the disease of the stomach and the deficiency of vitamins are found.

Problems with the diagnosis of other diseases: tall pain threshold prevents the timely diagnosis of complications of the infection of the nose and throat (otitis), which in turn leads to a decrease in hearing, and the lack of speech does not give the child correctly report pain sensations and their localization.

Social deadaptation: with early age children with races are experiencing difficulties with adaptation in the team. In adulthood, only 4-12% of people with races are ready for independent independent life, 80% continue to live with their parents under their care, or they fall into psycho-neurological boarding school after the death of parents.

Diagnosis of autism

The diagnosis of authis is a psychiatrist on the basis of parental complaints, collecting information about the early development of a child, a clinical examination (identifying symptoms of violation of social cooperation, communication and recurring behavior), as well as data of clinical examinations (consultation of a medical psychologist, medical and speech therapy examination, EEG data, ECG, blood tests, urine).

In the presence of indications, consultations of the neurologist, genetics doctor, neuropsychological examination, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, deployed biochemical blood test, cytogenetic study are held.

There are a number of auxiliary standardized techniques to identify the presence and degree of severity of symptoms of the RAS:

Treatment of autism

Autism is not amenable to complete cure, however, when initiated complex therapy It is possible to reduce the severity of its symptoms.

Special attention under therapy is paid to correctional and developing classes with a speech therapist, a teacher-defectologist and a psychologist. They should be conducted by specialists with experience in interaction with such children, as in working with autism there is its own specificity: the need to adapt the child to new conditions, involvement in the work of all analyzers (tactile, auditory, taste, visual, olfactory), attracting a child to occupation Motivation, testing of the index gesture. A positive result is achieved only with regular classes with the inclusion in the process of the whole family of the child: parents, brothers and sisters.

Among modern approaches to correctional work, the following can be distinguished:

ABA therapy (Applied Behavior Analysis, applied behavior analysis) - a complex of technician aimed at the correction of the child's behavior. Applying a system of encouragements, a child with autism is taught missing domestic and communication skills. A tasty food, praise, tokens are used as a promotion. Each simple action is learned separately, then they are combined into a sequence. For example, at the beginning of the child, a simple task is given (for example, "raise the hand"), immediately gives a tip (the specialist raises the hand of the child), then the child is encouraged. After several such attempts, the child is already performing an action without a hint, waiting for a remuneration. Gradually, the tasks are complicated, given in any order, in different situations, different people, family members to secure skills. At some point, the child begins to understand independently and perform new tasks.

Similarly, the skills of the game, constructive activities, training, and also corrected unwanted behavior. The effectiveness of applied analysis of behavior was confirmed by scientific research. The earlier the use of the method (in preferably from 3-4 years), the more intensive classes will be conducted (at least 20-40 hours per week with a total duration of 1000 hours) and the more active the method of the child's daily life (its use of parents At home and for a walk, teachers at school, educators in kindergarten), especially more efficiently it will work.

On ABA-therapy methods built Denver model - A comprehensive approach for children from 3 to 5 years old, training a child with all the necessary skills for this age, which suggests significantly increase its adaptation abilities.

PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) - Alternative communication system using cards with images. On cards depicts objects or actions with which the child can turn to an adult to obtain the desired one. Training in this technique is carried out using ABA-therapy tactics. And although it does not teach oral speech directly, some children with autism engaged in this program appear spontaneous speech.

Thessna (Treatment and Education for Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children) - A program based on the idea of \u200b\u200bstructured learning: the separation of space into separate zones intended for a certain type of activity (areas of work, recreation area), schedule planning on visual schedules, a task presentation system, visualization of the task structure.

DIR (Developmental Individual Differences Relationship-Based) - The concept of providing comprehensive care for children with various developmental impairments, taking into account individual features and based on building relationships between family members. One of the components of this program is the Floortime technique, learning parents to interact and develop a child's child by inclusion in his game and gradually engaging in a joint "space".

Emotional-level approach - developed by domestic psychologists (Lebedinskaya, Nikolskaya, Baenskaya, Liboning) and is widely used in Russia and the CIS countries. It is based on ideas about the levels of emotional regulation of the body, which are broken during autism. This approach involves therapy through the establishment of emotional contact with the child. In the future, work is carried out on overcoming feasibility and aggression, focusing is formed in activities.

Sensory integration - Method aimed at streamlining sensations derived from its own movements and the outside world (tactile, muscular, vestibular). According to the theory of sensory integration, in violation of the ability to perceive and handle the sensations from the movements of their body and external influences may violate the processes of learning and behavior. Performing certain exercises improve the processing of sensory incentives with a brain, which leads to improved behavior and training. Alone this species Therapies are not applicable, it can be a supporting method within ABA therapy.

Medical therapy It is assigned as a rule during periods of exacerbation of the state, taking into account the ratio of benefit and risk, is carried out under the supervision of the doctor. Preparations can reduce some types of behavioral problems: hyperactivity, hysterics, sleep disorders, anxiety, autoadagression. It can facilitate the participation of the child in the life of the family, visit public seats, school training. After the rescue is achieved by the remission, the drug is gradually canceled. Medical treatment is used in cases where the remaining therapy methods are not effective.

Nevertheless exist symptoms and problems that cannot be affected by drugs:

• failure to comply with oral instructions;
• problem behavior in order to refuse some lessons;
• low learning speed;
• lack of speech and other communication problems;
• low social skills.

In the presence of concomitant diseases (for example, epilepsy), in addition to the doctor's psychiatrist, a neurologist and pediatrician should observe.

Forecast. Prevention

The forecast depends on the type of disorder and symptoms. Under late formulation of the diagnosis and the absence of a timely initiated medical and correctional work in most cases, a deep disability is formed

Recently, increasingly you have to hear about such a frustration of the psyche as autism. The society has finally ceased to close the eyes to this phenomenon and stretched out the help hand to people-autistas. An important role in this was played by propaganda tolerance and educational activities.

Wide distribution received knowledge that it is for the disease, how to recognize it, it is treated or not. This made it possible to reduce the age of diagnosis and timely conduct treatment. People with autism got a chance to successful socialization and a happy life contrary to their diagnosis.

I also could not bypass the side of this disorder. The topic of my today's article is the autists. Who are how they behave, how to communicate with them - consider all these questions. I will try to answer them simple and understandable words.

What is autism

Autism is a psyche disorder, characterized by a violation of the emotional and communicative sphere. It has been manifested in early childhood and remains with a person for life. People suffering from this disorder have difficulties with social interaction and demonstrate the weak development of emotional intelligence.

The autists are closed and immersed in their inner world. Communication with other people is given to them with difficulty, since they are completely devoid of empathy. Such people are not able to understand the social meaning of what is happening. They do not perceive the facial expressions, gestures, intonation of people, cannot determine emotions hiding behind external manifestations.

What do autists look like? You can learn them on a detached look, directed as if inside yourself. Such people seem to be emotional as robots or dolls. During the conversation, the autists avoid visual contact with people.

The behavior of autists is often stereotypical, template, mechanical. They are limited fantasy and abstract thinking. They can truly repeat the same phrases, ask the same type of questions and answer them themselves. Their life is obeying the initial schedule, the retreat from which is being transferred very painfully. Any changes are great stress for autists.

This disease is devoted to the beautiful film "Rain Man" with Dustine Hoffman and Tom Cruise in the lead roles. If you want to see how autism looks like, I advise you to watch this movie cornocartine.

Individual with a light form of autism is not much different from ordinary people. Because of its autistic traits, he can impress a strange, removed man "not from this world." Sometimes he himself nor others suspect a diagnosis.

Many famous people suffer from this ailment, but it does not prevent them from living a full-fledged life. Among them, singer Courtney Love and Susan Boyle, actress Daryl Hannah, director Stanley Kubrick.

Symptoms of autism

The diagnosis of "autism" is usually put in early childhood. The first manifestations can be seen already at a year old baby. At this age, parents should alert the following signs:

• lack of interest in toys;
• low mobility;
• scarmile;
• inhibition.

As all new symptoms are being added, a bright clinical picture of the disease is evaporated. Autism child:

• does not like touch, nervous with any tactile contact;
• sensitive to some sounds;
• avoids visual contact with people;
• talking little;
• not interested in communicating with peers, most of the time spends alone;
• emotionally unstable;
• rarely smiles;
• does not respond to its own name;
• often repeats the same words and sounds.

Having found a child at least part of these symptoms, parents should show his doctor. An experienced doctor will diagnose and develop a treatment regimen. Specialists who can diagnose "autism" include a neurologist, psychiatrist and psychotherapist.

This disease is diagnosed based on the observation of the behavior of a child, psychological tests, conversations with a small patient. In some cases, MRI and EEG may be needed.

Classification of autistic disorders

Currently, instead of the term "autism", doctors usually use the concept of "autistic spectrum disorder" (RAS). It combines several diseases with similar symptoms, but differing in the severity of manifestations.

Kanner syndrome

"Classical" form of autism. Another name is early children's autism. Characterized by all the above symptoms. It can occur in light, medium and severe form depending on the severity of manifestations.

Asperger Syndrome

This is a relatively light form of autism. The first manifestations occur around 6-7 years. There are often cases of diagnosis in adulthood.

People with Asperger Syndrome can lead a completely normal social life. They are not much different from healthy people And under favorable conditions, they are able to get a job and create a family.

The following features are characterized for this disorder:

• developed intellectual abilities;
• intelligible severity;
• looping at some one lesson;
• problems with coordination of movements;
• difficulties with "deciphering" human emotions;
• the ability to imitate normal social interaction.

People with Asperger syndrome often demonstrate uncommon mental abilities. Many of them are recognized as geniuses and achieve an incredible level of development in specific areas. They can, for example, have a phenomenal memory or produce complex mathematical calculations in the mind.

Rett syndrome

This is a severe form of autism caused by genetic disorders. Only girls suffer from her, as the boys die still in the womb. It is characterized by the full disadaptation of the individual and mental retardation.

Usually until the year, children with Rett syndrome develop normally, and then there is a sharp development of development. There is a loss of already acquired skills, slowing down the head growth, violation of coordination of movements. Patients have no speech, they are completely immersed in themselves and deazadapted. This disorder is practically no correction.

Nonspecific PERSIVAL DEVELOPMENT

This syndrome is also called atypical autism. Clinical picture Diseases erased, which greatly makes it difficult to formulate a diagnosis. The first symptoms, as a rule, appear later than with classic authis, and may be less pronounced. Often, this diagnosis is already put in adolescence.

Atypical autism can be accompanied by mental retardation, and may leak without the loss of intellectual abilities. With the mild form of this disease, patients are well socialized and have a chance to live a full life.

Children's disintegrative disorder

For this pathology, the normal development of the child is characterized by two years. Moreover, this applies to both the intellectual and emotional sphere. The kid learns to speak, understands speech, acquires motor skills. Social interaction with people is not broken - in general, he does not differ from his peers.

However, after reaching them, the age of 2 years of regression begins. The child loses its earlier skills and stops in mental Development. This may occur gradually for several years, but more often happens rapidly - for 5-12 months.

First, there may be changes in behavior, such as wrath and panic flashes. Then the child loses motor, communicative, social skills. This is the main difference between this disease from classical autism, at which previously acquired skills are saved.

The second indicative difference is the loss of self-service ability. With severe childish integrative disorder, patients cannot eat independently, wash, walk to the toilet.

Fortunately, this disease occurs very rarely - about 1 case per 100,000 children. Often it is confused with Rett syndrome due to similar symptoms.

Causes of the development of autism

Medicine does not give a clear answer why people are born with this disease. However, scientists have identified congenital and acquired factors that contribute to its development.

1. Genetics. Autism is inherited. If a person has relatives suffering from an autistic spectrum disorders, it is in the risk group.
2. Cerebral palsy.
3. Card and brain injury received by a child during childbirth or in the first days after birth.
4. Heavy infectious diseases transferred by the mother during pregnancy: rubella, chickenpox, cytomegalovirus.
5. Hypoxia of the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth.

Treatment of autism

Autism is an incurable disease. It will accompany the patient throughout life. Some forms of this disorder exclude the possibility of human socialization. These include Rett Syndrome, Children's Disintegratency Disorder, Heavy Kanner Syndrome. Relatives of such patients will have to come to terms with the need to care for them.

Lighter forms are amenable to correction subject to a number of conditions. It is possible to mitigate the manifestations of the disease and achieve the successful integration of the individual to society. For this, from early childhood, you need to constantly engage and create a favorable environment for them. The autists should grow in an atmosphere of love, understanding, patience and respect. Often, such people become valuable workers due to their ability to dive into the study of some area.

All parents, whose children put such a diagnosis, worries the question of how many people live people. It is very difficult to answer it, since the forecast depends on many factors. According to the study conducted in Sweden, on average, the life expectancy of autists is 30 years less than that of ordinary people.

But we will not be about sad. Let's better consider the main ways of treating autism.

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy has proven itself with the correction of autism, not burdened by mental retardation. The sooner the treatment will be started better results It will be possible to achieve.

The psychotherapist first watches the behavior of the patient and records the moments that need to be adjusted. Then he helps the child to realize his thoughts, feelings, the motives of actions to make non-constructive and false. Autists often have deadaptive beliefs.

For example, they can perceive everything in black and white. When they give assignments, they may think that you can perform them either perfectly or terrible. Options "good", "satisfactory", "not bad" for them does not exist. With this scenario, patients are afraid to be taken for performing tasks, because the score of the result turns out to be too high.

Another example of destructive thinking is a generalization on the basis of one example. If a child does not work out some exercise, he decides that he will not cope with the rest.

Cognitive behavioral therapy successfully adjusts these negative patterns of thinking and behavior. Psychotherapist helps the patient to develop a strategy for their replacement to constructive.

To do this, he uses positive incentives, reinforcing the desired actions. The stimulus is selected individually, in this role there may be a toy, treat, entertainment. With regular exposure, positive patterns of behavior and thinking replace destructive.

Applied behavior analysis method (ABA therapy)

ABA-therapy (Applied Behavior Analysis) is a training system based on behavioral technology. It allows you to form complex social skills in a patient: speech, game, collective interaction and others.

A specialist dismembering these skills to simple minor actions. Each action is memorized by a child and repeated many times until it is brought to automatism. Then they fold into a single chain and form a solid skill.

An adult strongly controls the process of assimilating actions, not giving the child to the initiative. All unwanted actions are pushing.

In ASENAL ABA, several hundred training programs. They are designed both in young children and adolescents. The most effective is the earliest intervention until the age of 6.

This technique implies intensive training for 30-40 hours per week. A few specialists are engaged in a child at once - a defectologist, an art therapist, speech therapist. As a result, the authist acquires the necessary behaviors for life in society.

The effectiveness of the method is very high - about 60% of children who have undergone correction at an early age were able to study in secondary schools.

Minutes Nemotka

The American doctor Peter German has established a relationship of disorders in the brain and intestinal dysfunction during autism. Scientific research allowed him to develop a completely new method of treating this ailment, radically different from existing ones.

According to the Nemer theory, the dysfunction of the CNS and damage to the brain cells during autism can be caused:

• wide distribution of bacteria in the intestines;
• intestinal inflammation;
• intoxication of productivity of microorganisms;
• nutrient imbalance.

The protocol is aimed at normalizing intestinal processes and restoration of natural microflora. It is based on the use of special food additives.

1. Inulin. Contributes to the conclusion from the organism of propionic acid produced by bacteria. According to experiments conducted on animals, its excess causes asocial behavior.
2. Omega-3. Normalizes the protective functions of the body and suppresses autoimmune reactions caused by the growth of bacteria.
3. Olive oil. Supports the balance of fatty acids of Omega-3 and Omega-6, preventing the development of inflammation.

Since the method is new and quite peculiar, disputes do not subscribe around it. Germans are accused of conspiring with food additive manufacturers. The effectiveness and feasibility of applying the protocol we will be able to evaluate only many years later. In the meantime, the decision remains for parents.

Speech therapy treatment

Patients with autism, as a rule, begone late, and they subsequently do it reluctantly. Most have violations of speech, which exacerbate the situation. Therefore, the autists are shown regular classes with a speech therapist. The doctor will help put the correct sound pronunciation and overcome the speech barrier.

Medicia treatment

Drug therapy is aimed at relieving symptoms that interfere with normal life: hyperactivity, autoadagression, anxiety, seizures. Surge it only in the most extreme cases. Neuroleptics, sedatives, tranquilizers can provoke even deeper care of themselves from an autista.

Conclusion

Autism - serious diseaseWith which the person will have to live all his life. But this does not mean that you need to accept and lower your hands. If patients are hard to engage in early childhood, you can achieve excellent results. People suffering from a light form of autism will be able to fully socialize: get a job, create a family. And with severe form, it is possible to significantly alleviate the symptoms and improve the quality of life.

A huge role is played by the environment of man. If he grows in an atmosphere of understanding and respect, he has more chances to achieve good results. Share this article with friends so that as many people you learned about this disease. Let's create a medium together in which everyone will be comfortable.