Revaccination against measles is carried out at an age. Vaccination of a child against measles: timing and reaction of the child's body

Measles vaccine is the best preventive measurecapable of protecting against a serious infectious disease.

Many unvaccinated adults also suffer from childhood disease. You can get infected by airborne droplets upon contact with a carrier of the disease or sick. Sometimes a person may not yet know that they have measles, since the incubation period takes about 2 weeks.

The onset of the disease can be easily confused with SARS or influenza. Catarrhal phenomena occur, the temperature rises high, conjunctivitis may begin. Then swelling of the face, spots on the mucous membrane in the mouth join and by the third day a rash usually occurs.

The appearance of stains in the mouth is hallmark measles (Filatov-Koplik spots on the inside of the cheeks and enanthema on the pharyngeal mucosa). A skin rash is characterized by a sequential appearance and disappearance in different parts of the body. First, the rash is localized on the head, face, neck, then descend on the trunk. Within 3 days they disappear in the same sequence as they appeared.

Treatment is symptomatic. Antiviral therapy has not been developed.

Danger of measles for adults

In adulthood, measles is very difficult. The disease dramatically lowers the patient's immunity, causing complications in the form of pneumonia, hepatitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis and meningoencephalitis, keratitis, eustachitis.

All complications can lead to unpredictable consequences, but the most dangerous are meningoencephalitis, which affects the nervous system, and encephalitis, which is fatal in a quarter of all cases of its occurrence.

Vaccination is the only way to protect yourself from measles and not get infected either in childhood or in adulthood.

When and where to get vaccinated against measles

Adults are vaccinated against measles according to a country-specific schedule. Until the age of 35, each person is entitled to free vaccination, provided that he has not been sick and has never been vaccinated against measles. Also, regardless of age, measles free vaccination is prescribed for those who have had contact with infected people, but have not previously been sick or vaccinated.

If a person has only 1 vaccination in childhood, he is vaccinated in the same way as an adult who has never been vaccinated against this disease - twice with a three-month interval between injections. The immunity obtained in this way is resistant to the virus for 12 years.

The anti-measles vaccine is given to adults under the skin or intramuscularly in the upper third of the shoulder. Due to the abundant fat layer, the buttock is not vaccinated, as well as in any other areas of the body that are prone to the formation of seals.

If you want to travel around the world, doctors recommend that you definitely learn about the epidemiological situation in a particular country. In the past 5 years, the measles epidemic has alternately flared up in Germany, Turkey, Singapore, Thailand, Italy. Before visiting other countries, you can urgently vaccinate at least a month before the expected date of departure.

Measles vaccination rules

If vaccination is carried out according to all the rules, then the first vaccination should be given to a child between the ages of one and one and a half years, but in countries with an increased threshold of morbidity, children can be vaccinated from 6 months.

The second dose of inoculation is administered to consolidate the result of the first, to develop additional immunity in case of its insufficient formation and in the case when the first vaccination was missed for some reason.

The timing of measles vaccinations coincides with those for rubella and mumps. That is why sometimes these vaccinations are carried out in a comprehensive manner, protecting children with one injection from three serious infections at once.

Vaccine action

Measles vaccination forms immunity against this disease for 20 years. However, at the age of six, the need for revaccination arises, since some children turned out to be insensitive to the virus introduced at the age of one, some have weakened immunity against measles, therefore, for more reliable protection, children are vaccinated twice.

During the third vaccination, which usually occurs in the adolescent period of 15-17 years, people most often receive a multicomponent vaccination, since on the eve of childbearing, girls and boys need protection against rubella and mumps, and the measles component simply enhances the already formed protection.

Types of measles vaccines

Several types of measles vaccines are used in Russia today. All of them are subdivided into monovaccines, aimed at fighting only measles, and combined vaccines, which help protect the body from other severe viruses at the same time.

Monovaccines registered and used in Russia include:

1. Russian measles vaccine dry.
2. French vaccine Ruvaks (Aventis Pasteur).

Among combivaccines (multicomponent) there are:

1. Russian mumps and measles vaccine.
2. Three-component American MMP II vaccine.
3. Three-component Belgian vaccine Priorix.

Multi-component vaccines that simultaneously protect against measles, mumps and rubella can only be purchased independently at vaccination centers or pharmacies. Russian measles monovaccines are available in ordinary clinics.

It is important to remember that single-component vaccines are injected exclusively into the shoulder or scapula, while imported multicomponent preparations can be injected, according to the instructions, also intramuscularly.

Anyone can choose vaccines for themselves or their child. However, most often, for the introduction of multicomponent vaccines, which are not provided for by the Ministry of Health, they will have to be purchased on their own.

Monovaccines (measles component only)

LIV (live measles vaccine)

Live measles monovaccine of domestic production is effective remedy protection against measles already on the 28th day after the injection. Over the next 18 years, a person can be calm about his immunity against this infection.

Among the main contraindications for such a monovaccine, doctors call an exacerbation chronic diseases, acute viral and bacterial infections, oncological diseases, HIV, allergic reactions on the components of the preparation for injection. Also, you can not use ZhKV together with immunoglobulin and sera.

Ruwax (Aventis Pasteur, France)

French-made monovaccine Ruvax helps prevent measles infection as early as 2 weeks after vaccination. The vaccination effect lasts for 20 years. Doctors recommend Ruwax for vaccination of infants, in conditions of an increased epidemiological situation, or in other cases of vaccination under the age of 1 year. Contraindications for the Ruvax vaccination are the same as for the GHC, plus Ruvax cannot be used by those who are undergoing radiation, corticosteroid therapy, or cytostatics.

Combined vaccines

MMP II (measles, rubella, mumps)

The American vaccine against three serious MMP-II infections has proven itself very well in modern immunological practice. It can be administered simultaneously with DTP, ADS, polio or chickenpox vaccinations, provided that each injection is made in different parts of the body.

Among the main contraindications for the injection of MMP-II, doctors distinguish pregnancy, HIV, exacerbation of various chronic diseases, allergy to neomycin, etc.

Priorix (measles, rubella, mumps)

The second popular vaccine against the triple infectious threat is Priorix, produced by the same pharmaceutical company as the famous DTP - Infanrix. The vaccine purification rate of this company is very high, due to which the reaction to vaccination is less pronounced.

Contraindications for the administration of Priorix are exactly the same as for MMP-II, plus this vaccine should not be administered in case of neomycin contact dermatitis and acute phases of stomach diseases.

Mumps and measles vaccine (Russia)

The two-component Russian mumps-measles vaccine is administered to people, according to the vaccination schedule approved in the state, at 1 and 6 years of age, and then during revaccinations of adults.

Doctors refer to the main contraindications for the use of such a two-component vaccine:

• periods of pregnancy and lactation;
• anaphylactic shock, allergies;
• oncology;
• severe reactions and complications with previous use of this vaccine;
• various diseases in the acute stage.

Measles-rubella vaccine

The Russian two-component measles and rubella vaccine is completely similar to the measles mumps vaccine. It is important to remember that when using two-component vaccines, it is also necessary to purchase a single vaccine with a missing component of protection for full immunity against common viral infections.

General rules for parents

On the eve of any intended vaccination, the child must be protected from third-party contacts, in order to avoid infection with any infections. In addition, it is not worthwhile to overcool the child, irradiate in the sun, overheat or acclimatize it before vaccinations. The immune system reacts very sharply to any stress, which is all of the above effects, and vaccinations are also stressors for immunity. With a combination of stress reactions, a malfunction of antibody production and a violation of the development of the desired immunity is possible.

Vaccination of children according to the vaccination schedule

Avoiding everything possible complications, pathology nervous system, as well as other serious consequences of measles, all children should be vaccinated against measles, according to the current vaccination schedule in the area. Currently, the minimum age for a child to be vaccinated against measles is 9 months, since until then the infant must be protected by maternal antibodies. And the immunity of a newborn is weak enough to undergo vaccination and form the necessary antibodies. Even at the age of 9 months, only 90% of children are immune to measles vaccine. With the introduction of such a vaccine at 12 months, immunity is formed in almost all vaccinated.

Thus, the optimal time for initial vaccination is considered to be a human age of 1 year. But in regions with a severe epidemiological situation, children are recommended to start vaccinating earlier, this is where the 9 months indicator came from. In this case, re-vaccination begins at 15-18 months.

In countries with a calm epidemiological picture, it is customary to vaccinate children for the first time at 1 year, and subsequently - to revaccinate at 6. This tactic of vaccination eradicated outbreaks of measles in many regions.

Vaccination of adults

Adults are subject to measles vaccination with the planned introduction of a multicomponent measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, in case of emergencies before leaving for countries where the epidemic picture is unstable, in contact with sick people, if the vaccination has not been done before. In this situation, it is possible to vaccinate within three days after a dangerous contact. But before traveling to another country, the vaccination must be done in advance - at least 1 month before departure.

Measles vaccine and pregnancy

During the period of childbearing, measles infection is very dangerous, it can lead to miscarriage and all kinds of fetal defects. Because the measles vaccine contains live viruses, it is contraindicated during pregnancy. A woman needs to take care of her own safety before planning a pregnancy and get the necessary vaccinations.

Allergy to measles vaccine

Most modern vaccines are prepared for. If an allergy to egg white occurs in different periods of a child's life, expressed in the form of Quincke's edema, urticaria, anaphylactic shock, the child should not be given the measles vaccine.

To find out if there is a risk of such an allergic reaction, you must:

• soak a clean finger in raw egg white;
• anoint the inner surface of the baby's lip with this finger;
• with a slight swelling of the lip within the next 5 minutes, it is worth concluding that vaccination with standard vaccines is impossible.

If an allergy is identified, it is necessary for the doctor to select a replacement for the standard vaccine and vaccinate with another means.

Contraindications for vaccination

Among the contraindications for vaccination in an adult, acute respiratory viral infections or chronic diseases that have worsened at the time of the alleged vaccination are distinguished. With these symptoms, doctors postpone vaccination by an average of a month.

Adults also have absolute contraindications for vaccination, among which doctors call all the same allergy to bird eggs, allergic reactions to antibiotics, previously vaccinated, pregnancy and breastfeeding time.

In babies, contraindications for injections against viral infections are:

• any diseases in the acute stage;
• primary immunodeficiency;
• AIDS;
• the use of blood preparations, immunoglobulin the day before;
• complications associated with previous vaccinations;
• intolerance to aminoglycosides;
• oncology.

Possible vaccine reactions

Under normal conditions, measles vaccination causes in adults:

• slight redness of the injection site;
• temperature up to 37.5 degrees;
• catarrhal phenomena;
• joint pain.

But the emergence of very dangerous adverse reactions - allergic shock, urticaria, Quincke's edema. Also, in especially rare and severe cases, adults may develop encephalitis, pneumonia, meningitis, myocarditis. In order to avoid such consequences, vaccination must be carried out being completely healthy, and on the eve of the event, consultation with an immunologist and the use of antihistamines is needed.

Vaccination reaction in children

Among the common reactions to measles vaccination among children, doctors cite:

• swelling and redness of the injection site;
• some catarrhal phenomena;
• the occurrence of a skin rash;
• poor appetite;
• an increase in temperature during the first 6 days after vaccination.

Moreover, all of the above symptoms can manifest themselves to varying degrees. The temperature may rise slightly, and may reach values \u200b\u200bof 39-40 degrees, the remaining symptoms may or may not be present, but all of them should gradually disappear 16 days after the vaccination.

Adverse reactions after vaccination

Complications expressed various symptoms, and side effects of measles vaccines are not common. Sometimes the temperature may rise as a side effect, sometimes conjunctivitis or rashes are possible. All symptoms are typical for the period 5-18 days after drug administration. This course of the post-vaccination period is considered natural.

Complications from vaccination doctors include:

• all kinds of allergic reactions that can be prevented by taking antihistamines before and after vaccination;
• febrile seizures in children due to very high temperature, which can also be anticipated by taking paracetamol at the beginning of the rise in temperature;
• in one case in a million, severe damage to the nervous system occurs.

It is important to understand that all the complications that develop as a result of vaccination are much weaker than those that can arise with the transfer of real measles.

Is it possible to get sick after vaccination

Basically, although the vaccine contains live viruses, they are so weakened that they are not able to provoke a full-fledged disease. Often, vaccination can cause a kind of measles in a very weak form, such reactions are easy and go away on their own, after a maximum of 18 days after injection. A person in this state is not contagious to others.

However, sometimes the vaccination does not cause the formation of immunity against the disease, and a person can fully develop measles after being vaccinated. Such a phenomenon in medicine is called the failure of vaccine immunity and can be observed in a small percentage of all people.

Which vaccine is best

With a completely different composition of domestic and imported vaccines, they all demonstrate high efficiency in the fight against measles. There are 2 significant differences between these vaccinations. Firstly, domestic vaccines are prepared on the basis of, and foreign analogues are made on the basis of chicken eggs. If you are allergic to any of these components, you must make a choice in favor of a different vaccine.

Secondly, imported vaccines have a multicomponent composition and protect against three infectious diseases at once - measles, mumps and rubella, which is very convenient in terms of vaccination. When choosing domestic vaccines, vaccinations will need to be done 2-3 times in each period of life. But at the local clinic you can only get free domestic vaccine, therefore, it is necessary to approach vaccination consciously, weighing all the pros and cons.

How many measles vaccinations are needed

The number of measles vaccinations in a lifetime is determined by the age when a person was first vaccinated. At the beginning of vaccination at 9 months, a person will have to postpone 4-5 vaccine injections in life: at 9 months, at 15 months, at 6 years old, at 16 years old and at 30. With the initial vaccination at a year, the number of subsequent injections decreases by 1.

In the absence of vaccination at the age of one, the first vaccination should be attempted as early as possible - at 2-4 years old, and the next one should be done according to the plan at the age of six on the eve of school. During the primary vaccination of a person over 6 years of age, he is given a double dose of the drug with an interval of 1-6 months.

How long does measles immunization work?

The minimum duration of post-vaccination immunity against measles reaches 12 years. If a person has been properly vaccinated twice, then his protection can last up to 25 years, but this is difficult to verify.

The main goal of immunization is to protect preschoolers who have particularly severe measles. In adulthood, subsequent vaccinations can be given every 10-15 years.

Sometimes even vaccinated people get measles. However, in this case, the risk of complications is negligible and the disease proceeds easily and quickly.

Emergency conditions.

Since the measles vaccine was invented back in 1963, the disease has gradually moved from the category of deadly and "all over" common to the category of well controlled and relatively rare. Therefore, as a rule, all that a modern parent needs to know about measles in children is reduced only to information about the correct and timely vaccination.

Since the early 1990s, there have been no countries on earth where measles vaccine was not included in mandatory calendar vaccination of children. This drastically reduced the incidence of measles, but did not eradicate it at all.

Measles vaccine: children are vaccinated means protected

The measles virus, like smallpox, can exist only in the human body and be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. Just as smallpox, thanks to total vaccination, disappeared from the face of the earth in its time, measles could also disappear today. However, this requires that everyone and everything be vaccinated against measles for about a dozen years.

But, alas, the picture today is far from ideal: due to the fact that in underdeveloped countries, for economic reasons, sometimes there is not enough funding to vaccinate children, and in civilized countries, some parents themselves deliberately refuse to vaccinate their children, cases of measles are constantly encountered worldwide and annually claiming about 200,000 children's lives.

For parents, this statistic is especially useful because it clearly illustrates the level of risk of refusal to vaccinate against measles: this disease is not a "trivial" infection that can be easily treated and well tolerated, but a rather serious and dangerous disease from which a child can die.

Actually, it is precisely with the massive parental refusal of vaccinations in our days that the fact is connected that many childhood diseases, considered long ago "defeated" and practically forgotten, began to return to our reality again. Among them is measles.

Before the introduction of measles vaccinations into practice, this disease affected absolutely everyone - in fact, there was not a single person who had not had measles in childhood. Alas, measles was a childhood disease with one of the most high levels mortality.

Nowadays, the most effective and effective measure against measles is ... vaccination!

In America, among the farmers, whose families traditionally had many children, at one time there was even such a saying in the course: "Don't tell anyone how many children you have until they all get measles."

Measles, rubella, mumps: vaccination "seven troubles - one answer"

How are children vaccinated against measles?

As a rule, a child is vaccinated at the age of 1 year with a combined MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella), and after 6 years revaccination is performed. This is enough to reliably protect the child from measles, or at least from severe illness and all potential complications. The minimum interval between vaccinations cannot be less than 4 years. The graft is a subcutaneous injection, usually in the shoulder or under the scapula.

Can I get sick after vaccination?

First, it should be mentioned that in about 10% of cases after measles vaccination, children undergo so-called vaccine measles. After all, vaccination is carried out with the help of a live (albeit weakened!) Virus - accordingly, the manifestation of a mild form of the disease is permissible. The main symptoms of vaccinated measles are a mild skin rash and high fever. The peculiarity of vaccinated measles is that, although formally it is considered an infection, it is not contagious and is completely safe for others.

Secondly, in very rare cases, a child can really get sick with measles, even if at one time he was vaccinated. But the percentage of these cases is negligible and does not exceed the number of cases when children got measles twice.

In other words, the risk of contracting measles without vaccination is 100%, and the risk of contracting measles with the vaccine, as well as the risk of getting sick again after a previous illness, is the same and extremely small (less than 0.5%). At the same time, both vaccinated children and those children who manage to get measles again never experience a severe form of the disease (not to mention fatal)

Which vaccine is best?

As a rule, all measles vaccines (both domestic and foreign production) contain live attenuated measles viruses, and there is no fundamental difference between them.

Allergy to measles vaccine

Like many flu vaccines, the measles vaccine is made from the protein of chicken (or quail) eggs. In this regard, it is widely believed in the parental environment that influenza and measles vaccines often cause severe allergic reactions.

In fact, after the measles vaccination (given its egg base), the baby may indeed have an allergic reaction. But only if sometime before he had the following conditions when in contact with egg white:

• Anaphylactic shock (pressure drops sharply and the child loses consciousness);
• Quincke's edema (swelling of the tissues of the face and neck sharply and strongly);
• Generalized urticaria (severe itching and rash that covers most skin).

In these cases, standard measles vaccines are not suitable for the child. Each mother can independently check whether the classic measles vaccination is dangerous for a baby or not. For this you need:

1. Crack a raw egg and soak a finger in the egg white.
2. Run this finger along the inner surface of the child's lower lip.
3. If a child has potentially possible allergic conditions caused by the use of egg white (including as part of the measles vaccine), then literally within the next five minutes, the lower lip will swell a little (do not be alarmed - no other negative consequences will occur, and this edema will pass independently in the near future).

If during the "egg test" you notice swelling on the child's lip, you cannot vaccinate this baby against measles with standard vaccines (based on egg white). And in this case, the doctor will select a replacement.

Possible complications after measles vaccination

As you know, there are no such vaccines and vaccines that are guaranteed not to give complications. Any vaccination can (one - in a greater number of cases, the other - in a minimum) give one or another complication. But the correct approach to these potential complications is by no means a refusal to vaccinate, but a cold calculation and an honest comparison: what complications vaccination can threaten, and what the disease itself can threaten.

Children almost never die from measles itself - it is a fairly mild infection, when considered in isolation. However, measles provokes the emergence of some very serious complications, which not only in the past, but also today sometimes lead to the death of a child.

The most common complications of measles include:

• Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) - occurs in a ratio of 1:20;
• The so-called measles encephalitis (irreversible brain damage, encephalomyelitis) - occurs in a ratio of 1: 500;
• Pathological decrease in the level of platelets (thrombocytopenia) - occurs in a ratio of 1: 300;
• Severe ear infections - occur in a ratio of 1:10;

The mortality rate of measles in unvaccinated children today is 1: 700

In fairness, we will give statistics and complications from measles vaccination... As a rule, there can be only two such complications:

• Thrombocytopenia - as a complication of measles vaccination, it occurs on average in one case in 40,000;
• Encephalopathy - after measles vaccination, there is no more than one case in 100,000.

Thus, we get a clear comparative arithmetic: the measles vaccination gives complications on average in one case in 40,000. Measles disease gives one or another complication (which sometimes cripples and even kills a child) in one case out of four.

Measles symptoms in a child and methods of its treatment

If a child is not vaccinated against measles, then with a probability of 100% he will sooner or later become infected with it. Because measles belongs to the so-called flying infections (there are only three of them: measles, rubella and chickenpox). This means that in order to "pick up" measles, it is not at all necessary to kiss a sick relative or friend - it is enough just to live in the same entrance with someone who is currently sick with measles. Go to one school or kindergarten, use one tram or one bakery, etc. In other words, a child can get infected with measles without being vaccinated from it anywhere. What should parents expect, who are opposed to vaccinations? What symptoms can they recognize in their children for measles?

Measles virus enters the body healthy person directly from the patient and is attached either to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, or on the conjunctiva, and after a few days begins to actively multiply in the lymph nodes. Most frequent symptoms measles:

Measles itself (as, for example, and) is not treated in any way - it needs to be cured, allowing the immune system to develop a natural defense. Therefore, measles treatment is possible only symptomatic. For example:

• The temperature has risen - antipyretic should be given;
• There are signs of dehydration - it is necessary to water the child generously;
• Photophobia has arisen (it is characteristic of the course of measles when the conjunctiva is infected) - the baby should be placed in a darkened room;
• Etc.

In addition, children with measles are usually prescribed a course of vitamin A (which, as we have already mentioned, prevents to some extent the development of severe forms of the disease and complications). However, you cannot prescribe vitamin A yourself - the doctor must calculate the dosage based on the physiological characteristics of the child. Moreover, the very process of treating measles, due to the enormous risk of developing severe complications, must necessarily take place under the supervision of health workers.

As you know, no better treatment disease than prevention. In the case of measles in children, the best and truly effective prevention is only one - timely vaccination against measles. Moreover, there are dozens of times more arguments in its favor than against its use. And nevertheless, whether to give a child measles vaccination or knowingly refuse it is still a matter of choice for the parents themselves.

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

Measles is a fairly serious infection that, before the introduction vaccinations as a preventive measure for the disease, 90% of children under the age of 10 had the disease. Measles is contagious, transmitted by airborne droplets or by direct contact. Moreover, the virus that causes the infection circulates exclusively in the human population. In contrast to the widespread opinion that measles is a harmless infection for children, which is better for a child to get sick, the mortality statistics for this disease does not look so rosy.

As of today, the death rate from measles, even with timely and high-quality therapy, is from 5 to 10%. In 2001, on the recommendation of the World Health Organization, vaccinations measles were introduced into national calendars or immunization programs in many countries, with the result that by 2008 it was possible to reduce the number of deaths from infection from 750 000 to 197 000, that is, almost 4 times.

In addition to the danger of death, measles can develop with adverse consequences in the form of complications such as encephalitis, protein-losing enteropathy, sclerosing panencephalopathy and slowly progressive pathology of the nervous system. The incidence of these serious complications ranges from 1 in 1000 cases to 1 in 10,000.

Measles vaccine

To date, measles vaccination has been shown to be highly effective in preventing cases of infection, as well as to significantly reduce the number of deaths due to unfavorable course of the disease. Measles immunization is necessary for all people, especially children under 5 years of age, because it is in this age category the infection is most severe and the risk of death or complications is higher than in older children.

It is known that the course of measles aggravates the lack of vitamin A in the body, caused by inadequate nutrition of an adult or child. Therefore, if the living conditions of the child are far from ideal, and the quality of nutrition does not correspond to the norms of consumption of vitamins and minerals, it is imperative to be vaccinated in order to prevent infection.

Currently, there are monovalent measles vaccines, which contain only one component, and polyvalent. The polyvalent contains several components (not only against measles). Today the following multivalent vaccines with an anti-measles component are produced in the world:
1. Measles, rubella.
2. Measles, rubella, mumps.
3. Measles, rubella, mumps, chickenpox.

The effectiveness of a monovalent vaccine against measles and multivalent vaccines with a measles component is the same, therefore the choice of the drug is determined by factors of convenience, etc. To the market pharmaceuticals The World Health Organization only allows effective and safe measles vaccinations, so any vaccine can be used. In addition, all measles vaccines have the property of interchangeability, that is, one vaccine can be given with one drug, and the second with a completely different one, this will not affect the effectiveness in any way, and will not cause any negative consequences.

The measles vaccine is produced in the form of a specially dried powder - a lyophilisate, which is diluted with a solvent before administration. The drug should be stored in a cold, or frozen state, at a temperature of –20 to –70 o С, however, the solvent must not be frozen.

When using the vaccine, it should be remembered that after diluting the lyophilisate, the finished product, left for 1 hour at a temperature of 20 o C, will lose its ability to induce immunity against infection by exactly half. And when the drug is ready for administration for 1 hour at a temperature of 37 o C, it completely loses its properties, and actually becomes unusable. In addition, the measles vaccine also loses its properties when exposed to direct sunlight, so it must be stored in colored vials. After dissolving the vaccine preparation, it should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 6 hours. After this time, any unused vaccine must be discarded.

Measles-rubella-mumps vaccination

Vaccination of measles-rubella-parotitis contains three components that allow for one injection to inject a drug that initiates the formation of resistance not to one, but to three infections at once. This vaccine has a low reactogenicity, which is not higher than a monovalent vaccine exclusively against measles.

In the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, different subtypes of measles virus can be used, for example, Edmonston, Enders, Peibles, Schwartz, Edmonston-Zagreb, Moraten and AIC - C, CAM - 70, TD - 97, Leningrad - 16, Shanghai - 191. The differences between all these types of vaccine viruses are insignificant and do not exceed 0.6%. The maximum variability is observed in strains CAM - 70, TD - 97, Leningrad - 16, Shanghai - 191. Any type of vaccine type of measles creates excellent immunity against wild measles virus. To date, no options have been identified for the transmission of the vaccine type of measles virus from a vaccinated person to another.

The complex three-component measles-rubella-mumps vaccine contains sorbitol, hydrolyzed gelatin and the antibiotic Neomycin as preservatives and stabilizing agents. Thanks to these substances - stabilizers, the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine does not contain a mercury compound - thiomersal (merthiolate) as a preservative. Thanks to this, the danger of possible side effects from the ingress of mercury compounds into the body is completely eliminated, which makes the drug completely safe.

However, the absence of a preservative - merthiolate - imposes strict storage conditions for the vaccine. Before dissolution, the lyophilisate is stored in a cold or frozen form, at a temperature not lower than –70 o C. Before the introduction of the vaccine, the powder is diluted, this solution must be placed in a colored bottle, since the drug is not stable under the influence of sunlight. The ready-made solution can be used only within 6 hours, provided that it is stored in the refrigerator for this period of time. If the solution stands for 1 hour at a temperature of 20 o C, then it will lose its properties by half, and the same period of time at 37 o C - the vaccine will become completely spoiled.

The measles-rubella-mumps vaccination is convenient for vaccination, since it reduces the number of injections and visits to the clinic. If a child or an adult has already had an infection (for example, measles, rubella or mumps), then you can choose a vaccine without a component that the human body has already encountered. But you can also vaccinate measles-rubella-mumps - then the component with which a person has already been ill will simply be destroyed by the existing immune cells. In this case, the vaccine will not do any harm, but will only help to form immunity to other infections, the components against which the complex drug contains.

Do I need a measles vaccine?

Measles vaccination has the following positive properties - it prevents epidemics of infection, reduces mortality and disability, and also allows you to limit the circulation of the virus in the population. Reactogenicity of measles vaccination is very low, there are practically no complications. For example, a complication such as encephalitis occurs in 1 case out of a thousand sick people, and in 1 case out of 100,000 vaccinated. As you can see, the risk of developing a serious complication in the case of vaccination against measles is 100 times less than with a full transfer of the infection.

It is believed that infections such as measles, rubella or chickenpox are best treated in childhood, since they are better tolerated and then provide immunity for life. However, this position is very one-sided and irresponsible. So, vaccination provides a significant reduction in the number of circulating viruses in the population, since vaccinated people do not get sick, and the microbe simply has nowhere to live and reproduce. In this case, with an active immunization policy, it is possible to eliminate the measles virus from the human population - then the next generations will quite calmly do without vaccination, as, for example, happened with smallpox, which has not been vaccinated since the 80s of the XX century. Therefore, immunizing children against measles can help grandchildren who may not need it at all. Otherwise, every generation of children will be forced to suffer from measles and other infections, continuing this vicious circle.

A newborn baby has protection against measles for some time, so they rarely become infected. If the mother was sick with measles or was vaccinated against infection, then the antibodies in the child's blood remain for 6 to 9 months, providing him with immunity from the disease. However, this is not a guarantee, because with a low titer of antibodies or high activity of the virus, the child can still get this dangerous infection.

Measles is not at all as harmless as it is commonly believed, since in 80% of cases this infection is complicated by:

• otitis media;
• laryngitis;
• pneumonia.

Often these diseases become chronic, and are very painful, forming a constant lack of oxygen in the child, and an inflammatory focus. This is due to the fact that the virus disrupts the local immunity of the child's airways, as a result of which any bacterial infection can develop very easily and unhindered. Thus, measles, as it were, increases the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system.

Due to all of the above factors, an objective opinion is formed that a child still needs a measles vaccine. It will help protect him from the risk of chronic post-cortical inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, and reduce the burden on immune systemwithout forcing her to fight a full-fledged pathogen.

Why is measles vaccination necessary - video

Measles vaccine for adults

Today in Russia the need for measles vaccination for adults is due to two main reasons. Firstly, the country has an unfavorable epidemiological situation, there is a large number of migrants from other regions who are carriers of various infections, including measles. Therefore, to activate the childhood immunity against measles, adults under 35 are given another dose of the vaccine.

Secondly, in a number of regions of Russia, thanks to the efforts undertaken to vaccinate children against measles, it was possible to reduce the number of cases of the disease by 10-15 times. The vaccine usually works effectively for 20 years, after which a revaccination is required. However, when the incidence of measles was higher, the number of circulating viruses was greater, then the immune system of the vaccinated people encountered the microorganism, but the person did not get the infection. During such contact of the vaccinated person's immune system with the wild-type virus, its defense was activated, and revaccination was not required. And when there is no contact with the wild measles virus, immunity needs an additional dose of vaccine to maintain immunity to infection. That is why experts in the field of epidemiology and medicine have come to the conclusion that it is necessary to vaccinate adults up to 35 years old against measles.

Adults can refuse vaccinations, motivating it with the following: "I'll get sick, well, okay, I'm not a child anymore - I'll survive somehow." However, remember that there are children, elderly people around you, for whom you can become a source of infection. In addition, complications of measles in adults are quite dangerous, since they can be glomerulonephritis, myocarditis and conjunctivitis with damage to the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye, hearing loss (deafness). Therefore, being a responsible and mature person, it is necessary to get vaccinated against this infection in adulthood. In addition, the measles vaccine is needed for all adults who come into contact with a sick person. And since today almost all children are vaccinated, the virus causes illness in adults who have not been vaccinated or have not had an infection.

Vaccinating children against measles

Children need to get a measles vaccine, as this infection can cause severe neurological complications or even death. To date, measles vaccination should be given no earlier than 9 months of age. This is due to two circumstances - firstly, maternal antibodies protect the child up to 6 - 9 months, and secondly, at six months, the baby's immune system is not yet able to adequately respond to the introduction of the measles vaccine and form immunity - that is, the vaccination will be simply useless ...

The introduction of measles vaccination in infants at the age of 9 months leads to the formation of immunity in 85 - 90% of vaccinated. This means that in 10 - 15% of children after vaccination at 9 months, immunity does not form, and a second dose of the drug is needed. When children are vaccinated, already at the age of 1 year, immunity is formed in 100% of babies. Therefore, the World Health Organization considers the best moment for vaccination against measles when a child is one year old.

However, countries where the epidemiological situation for measles is unfavorable are forced to introduce the vaccine to children as early as possible, that is, from the age of 9 months. The consequence of this tactic is the presence of 10-15% of children who did not receive protection from infection after one dose of the drug. In this regard, in countries that introduce measles vaccine at 9 months, booster immunizations are carried out at 15 to 18 months, so that all children can develop immunity to infection. This tactic showed good efficiency and performance.

In Russia, the epidemiological situation is not so deplorable, therefore, measles vaccination can be administered to children at the age of 1 year. It is at this age that vaccination is scheduled in the national vaccination calendar. To prevent possible outbreaks of the epidemic in children's groups, a second dose of the vaccine is introduced to activate immunity at the age of 6, before the child enters school. This measles prevention tactic made it possible to completely eliminate outbreaks of infection in schools, so today it is almost impossible to observe a situation when the whole class is on sick leave with the same diagnosis. And 10 years ago, this situation was quite typical for Russian cities.

Measles vaccine per year

The introduction of measles vaccination per year is due to three main factors:
1. By this age, the baby's maternal protective antibodies, which were transmitted through the placenta, completely disappear.
2. It is the age of 1 year that is optimal for immunization against measles, since immunity is formed in almost 100% of children.
3. Children under 5 years of age are highly susceptible to measles, often get sick and carry infection with subsequent complications.

Therefore, in order to prevent measles infection in a vulnerable category of children aged 1 to 5 years, it is necessary to get vaccinated as early as possible. After vaccination at 1 year old, the child receives immunity, which reliably protects him from infection. The measles vaccine is easily tolerated by one-year-old children, rarely causing reactions that appear 5 - 15 days after injection, and pass very quickly.

In children, measles is dangerous for its complications on the nervous system, primarily the formation of encephalitis and meningitis, as well as lung damage in the form of severe pneumonia. These complications of measles are observed in 1 child out of 1000 infected. And the vaccination can provoke complications in the form of damage to the nervous system in 1 child per 100,000 vaccinated children.

As the child's age increases, with measles, the risk of developing complications from the nervous system decreases, but the risk of other conditions increases, for example, myocarditis, pyelonephritis, visual neuritis and auditory nerves, which can result in a serious deterioration in health and a significant decrease in the quality of life.

How many measles shots are needed?

The number of measles vaccinations depends on the age of the first vaccination. So, if the first vaccine was introduced to a child at 9 months of age, then there will be 4 - 5 vaccinations in total: the first at 9 months, then at 15 - 18 months, at 6 years, at 15 - 17 years old and at 30 years old. If the first measles vaccination was delivered at 1 year, then there will be 3 - 4 vaccinations in total, that is, the first vaccination per year, then at 6 years old, at 15 - 17 years old and at 30 years old.

If the child has not been vaccinated against measles a year, then he is given one dose, as early as possible (for example, at two, or three, or four years). After this vaccination, the next scheduled one is put at six years old, before entering school.

If an adult or a child over 6 years of age is vaccinated for the first time, then two doses of the drug are administered, with an interval between them of at least 1 month. The optimal interval in this situation between the first and second doses of the vaccine is six months.

Immunization age (vaccination calendar)

According to the national immunization schedule, measles vaccination is given at the age of:

• 1 year;
• 6 years;
• 15 - 17 years old.

If the mother does not have immunity against measles (the woman was not sick and was not vaccinated), then the child's immunization schedule is as follows:

• 9 months;
• 15 - 18 months;
• 6 years;
• 15 - 17 years old.

If a child under 6 years of age has not received measles vaccination, according to the national calendar schedule, then vaccination is carried out as soon as possible. In this case, the second vaccination is given according to the schedule - at 6 years old, but so that at least six months pass between the two doses. The next one is again on schedule: at 15 - 17 years old.

If a child over 6 years old has not been vaccinated against measles, then two vaccines are administered at intervals of six months, as soon as the opportunity arises. The next vaccination on schedule is at the age of 15-17.

Where to get vaccinated against measles?

The measles vaccine can be delivered in the vaccination room of the polyclinic at the place of residence or work. In this case, you need to find out on what days immunization against measles is carried out, if necessary, make an appointment and come to get the vaccine. In addition to the municipal clinic, the vaccine can be delivered in special vaccination centers or private clinics accredited to carry out these medical procedures. If you have allergies or other medical conditions, measles vaccine can be supplied in specialized branches immunology of multidisciplinary hospitals.

Private vaccination centers provide a home vaccination service, when a special team arrives, assesses a person's condition, decides whether or not to administer a drug. This method of immunization minimizes the risk of catching a cold or getting the flu as a result of staying in the corridors of the clinic.

Where is the vaccine injected?

The measles vaccine is given subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The most preferred places for the injection of the drug are the outer part of the shoulder at the border of the middle and upper third, the thigh or the subscapularis. Children are vaccinated per year in the thigh or shoulder, and at 6 years old - under the shoulder blade or shoulder. The choice of the injection site is determined by the development of the muscle layer and subcutaneous tissue in the child. If there is not enough muscle on the shoulder and a lot of adipose tissue, then the injection is made into the thigh.

The vaccine should not be allowed to enter the skin, since in this case a seal will form, and the drug will enter the bloodstream slowly, as a result of which the manipulation may be completely ineffective. Injection into the buttock should also be excluded, since the fat layer is highly developed here, and the skin is thick enough, which creates difficulties for the correct administration of the vaccine preparation.

Vaccine action

Vaccination against measles provides a person with immunity for a fairly long period of time - an average of 20 years. Today, in the course of research, active immunity against measles has been revealed in people vaccinated before 36 years ago. In connection with such a duration of the vaccination, many people may have a question: "Why should a child be vaccinated against measles at 6 years old, when only 5 years have passed from the first vaccination?" This need is due to the fact that after the first measles vaccination in 1 year, immunity is formed in 96 - 98% of children, and 2 - 4% remain without reliable protection. Therefore, the second is aimed at ensuring that children who have not developed immunity at all, or who have a weakened immune system, can receive reliable protection against infection before starting school.

The third immunization at the age of 15 - 17 is carried out with a complex drug against measles-rubella-mumps. At this age, it is most important to revaccinate young men and women against mumps and rubella, which can negatively affect fertility, and the measles component is simply additional, stimulating the maintenance and preservation of the existing immunity to infection.

Measles after vaccination

The measles vaccine contains live, but highly weakened viruses that cannot cause a full-fledged infection. However, after injection, there may be delayed reactions that resemble those of measles. These vaccination reactions develop 5-15 days after vaccination, proceed easily and pass on their own, without any treatment. It is these reactions that people mistake for measles caused by vaccination.

However, another situation may arise. Vaccination could not lead to the formation of immunity, so a child or an adult, upon contact with the virus, easily becomes infected and sick. If measles-like symptoms develop in the period from 5 to 15 days after injection, then this is a reaction to the vaccine. If measles symptoms are observed at any other time, then this is a full-fledged infection associated with the failure of vaccine immunity.

After measles vaccination

Since measles vaccination is a manipulation aimed at eliciting an active response from the immune system in order to form resistance to infection, it is not surprising that it is capable of provoking the development of various reactions from the body. On the first day after the injection of the drug, the temperature may rise slightly, there may be a seal and slight soreness at the injection site. These symptoms go away on their own and quickly.

There are also a number of delayed reactions that appear 5 to 15 days after the injection. These reactions are a variant of the norm, and do not indicate pathology or disease due to vaccination. Reactions are more often formed to the first dose of the drug, and the second and subsequent ones cause consequences much less often.

Vaccine reaction

Many people consider natural vaccine reactions to be consequences of vaccination. You can call these phenomena whatever you like - the main thing to remember is that this is not a pathology, but a normal reaction of the human body, due to its individual characteristics. Let's look at the main reactions to the measles vaccine.

Elevated temperature. The temperature can be observed on the first day after vaccination, and on the 5th - 15th day. The rise in temperature in some people is insignificant, while in others, on the contrary, up to a fever of 40 o C. The temperature reaction lasts from 1 to 4 days. Since the temperature does not help the formation of immunity after vaccination, it must be brought down with paracetamol or ibuprofen preparations. High fever can lead to seizures, especially in children.
Vaccination measles-rubella-mumps - rash. Various small papular pink rashes are observed in about 2% of those vaccinated on the 5th - 15th day after vaccination. The rash can cover the entire body, or be found only in certain places, most often behind the ears, on the neck, face, buttocks, and arms. The rash goes away on its own and does not require treatment. If the child is prone to allergic reactions, then a rash may form on the first day after the injection.

convulsions against a background of high fever;

encephalitis and panencephalitis;

pneumonia;

a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood;

pain in the abdomen;

glomerulonephritis;

myocarditis;

toxic shock.

Allergies are associated with the presence of antibiotics in the vaccine - Neomycin or Kanamycin, and fragments of egg white (quail or chicken). The seizures are a reflection of high fever, not the effect of vaccine components. A serious complication of vaccination - encephalitis, develops in 1 in 1000,000 vaccinated. It should be remembered that encephalitis is also a complication of measles itself, developing in 1 in 2000 patients. Abdominal pain is most often not directly related to the vaccine, but due to the activation of existing chronic diseases. Pneumonia is caused by bacteria entering the lungs from the upper respiratory tract. And a decrease in the number of platelets is a physiological reaction that is asymptomatic and does not cause harm.
Gentamicin, etc.);

allergy to protein of chicken and quail eggs;

tumors;

a severe reaction to a previous vaccine administration.

In the presence of these conditions, the measles vaccine cannot be given.

Imported measles-rubella-mumps vaccine

The main difference between imported vaccines and domestic ones is the presence of chicken egg protein, since it is this substrate that is used to grow viral particles. The Russian vaccines contain the protein of quail eggs. There are complex imported measles-rubella-mumps vaccines - MMR-II (American-Dutch), Priorix (Belgian) and Ervewax (English). There is also a monovalent measles-only vaccine - Ruwax (French).

The imported measles-rubella-mumps vaccine allows one vaccination of rhinestones against three infections. And domestic drugs, as a rule, are administered in the form of two injections - one is measles-rubella, and the second is mumps. In this sense, the imported vaccine is more convenient, since it involves only one injection, and not two. Reactions after vaccination with domestic and imported vaccines are observed in exactly the same number of cases.

Today the only effective protection measles is vaccinated. After the first vaccination, immunity is developed in almost 95% of children. If this does not happen, then the second vaccination guarantees 100% protection.

If more than 90% of the population is vaccinated, then there are no outbreaks of the disease. In general, the injection is well tolerated and rarely causes complications.

From our article you will find out what time the vaccination is done, when and where the vaccine is given, and whether it is worth vaccinating a child against this disease.

Description of the disease

• high temperature (up to 40 degrees);
• cough, throat swelling;
• runny nose;
• photophobia.

After 4-5 days, it appears on the body (papules with a border, which subsequently merge).

The rash regenerates after 3-4 days, gradually darkens and begins to peel off, the temperature subsides, and other symptoms disappear.

The causative agent of the disease affects the patient's immune system, which is dangerous by the addition of a bacterial infection: tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia. Most dangerous consequences - post-measles encephalitis, lymphadenitis, hepatitis.

Order of conduct

Since the 70s of the 20th century, WHO has been making attempts to completely eliminate this disease.
Since 2005, measles vaccine has been included in the multicomponent protecting against several diseases at once: measles, rubella, mumps.

The antivirus is stable, therefore it does not lose its properties as part of the combined preparation.

Where to do

Since the vaccination is included in the National Immunization Schedule, children receive it free of charge at the local clinic.

If parents are afraid of a reaction to a domestic vaccine, they can purchase an imported one at their own expense.

It will also be delivered to a medical facility at the place of registration or a paid medical center.

When (at what age) and how many times is it done

There are currently two types of vaccinations: planned and emergency. Scheduled is carried out for children on the schedule of measles vaccinations, emergency is necessary to prevent an epidemic in the event of an outbreak.

Planning consists of 2 stages:

• At the age of 12 months.
• At 6 years old.

Revaccination of measles in children coincides with the Mantoux test, but doctors recommend taking a break between vaccinations of 1.5-2 months.

Where do they put

The drug in a volume of 0.5 ml is administered to a child under the shoulder blade or in the shoulder, its upper third. It is forbidden to inject into the gluteus muscle, as there is a high probability of damage to the sciatic nerve.

Unscheduled vaccination

In some cases, it is necessary to deviate from the established schedule of vaccination against measles for children and do it urgently.

This is required in the following cases:

• if someone in the family is sick, then injections are necessary for all unvaccinated and non-sick relatives under 40 who have been in contact with the sick person (except for children under 12 months);
• if the mother does not have antibodies to the virus in her blood, then the child is vaccinated up to 8 months, then repeated according to the schedule (15 months and 6 years).

How long does the effect last

Medicine does not answer this question unambiguously. There are cases when antibodies persisted up to 25 years of age. Immunization is carried out to protect children under 6 years old, since they are difficult to tolerate the disease, and there is a possibility of serious complications.

Adults are vaccinated up to 35 years of age twice, with a break of 3 months, revaccination is not required. Immunity lasts up to 12 years.

Types of vaccine, as it is called

What is the best measles vaccine for my child? The choice depends on the characteristics of the child's health.

If you have a tendency to allergies, neurological diseases, autoimmune diseases, you should carefully discuss with your doctor the safety of this or that drug and choose the best one.

For measles immunization several types of vaccines are used: monovaccines and combined. The preparation contains live and weakened strains of the virus, which are grown on the basis of egg protein (chicken or quail).

The following types of vaccines are used:

• KKV (measles culture vaccine) of Russian production (monovaccine). Made with chicken and quail proteins, it guarantees protection against disease for up to 18 years.
• Mumps and measles live vaccine, production - Moscow, combined preparation.
• MMR II is a combined remedy against measles, rubella, mumps. Manufactured in the Netherlands and the USA. Contains fetal calf serum, albumin, sucrose. Protects against three viruses at once.
• Priorix. Is also combined drug, full analog MMR II vaccines. Manufactured in Belgium. The advantage of the drug is that it can be administered simultaneously with antiviruses against poliomyelitis, hepatitis, DTP.

  In the case of other products, a break of 30 days is required. The Mantoux test is done 6 weeks after immunization, since Priorix reduces the sensitivity to tuberculin, and the test result will be false-negative.

What is immunoglobulin

Measles immunoglobulin refers to means of passive immunization. It is used in case of an outbreak of the disease, if the patient has been in contact with the patient.

Immunoglobulin is serum based donated bloodthat contains enough antibodies to the virus.

Unlike vaccination, the remedy protects against disease only for a couple of months, then its effect weakens.

The administration of immunoglobulin is indicated for the following categories of patients who have come into contact with measles patients:

• Children under 6 months of age who are breastfed, unless the mother is sick and has not been vaccinated.
• Infants up to 6 months of age receiving artificial feeding.
• Children under one year old, if they did not have time to get a measles shot.
• Children not vaccinated for medical reasons.
• Pregnant women.
• Adult patients after 20 years.
• Immunocompromised patients.

Immunoglobulin should be administered within 6 days after contact with the patient, if for some reason it was not possible to carry out emergency vaccination.

The drug is not a cure for the virus, it reduces the likelihood of getting sick or helps to transfer the disease to mild form... If more than 6 days have passed since contact with the patient, the use of immunoglobulin is meaningless.

Frequently asked Questions

The topic of measles vaccination always raises many questions, especially in the wake of the anti-vaccination campaign that has unfolded in recent years.

Parents worry about the possible consequences, the degree of protection from the virus, etc. The most frequently asked questions are:

Is immunization mandatory and necessary?

Doctors consider measles vaccination mandatory and only measure of protection against the virus... Thanks to immunization, the incidence has been reduced by 95%. What is the danger of the virus for children, we will tell you.

In the absence of contraindications, the injection will not bring harm to the child. Even if the virus infects the baby, he will get sick in a mild form without complications.

By law, no medical intervention is carried out without parental consent. If parents are strongly against immunization, then they must sign a written refusal in two copies. It is drawn up before each vaccination.

What are the contraindications

Immunization is contraindicated in the following categories of children:

• with primary or acquired immunodeficiency;
• having intolerance to protein or drug components;
• in case of complications for the previous vaccination;
• if the child has a malignant tumor.

After the introduction of immunoglobulin, vaccination is postponed for 3 months.

Also, a delay is required for acute respiratory viral infections, flu and other diseases in the acute stage, since the child's immunity is reduced.

Is it possible to vaccinate in the summer

Theoretically, this can be done at any time of the year, if there are no contraindications. True, some doctors believe that children tolerate vaccinations better in autumn or winter.

In summer, because of the heat, the child may feel worse, but in winter, the risk of colds and SARS traditionally increases, which is a reason for a delay.

Therefore, immunization can be carried out at any time, provided that the baby is in good health.

How to prepare your child

To minimize, the child should be prepared for it.

Before the procedure, you should take a blood and urine test to exclude latent inflammatory processes.

Before the injection, a pediatrician examines the child, measures the temperature, looks at the throat.

It is important that the patient is completely healthy at the time of vaccination.

If a child has a tendency to allergies, then 5-7 days before he is recommended to give antihistamines to prevent allergic reactions.

Do's and don'ts after the injection

After the injection within 2-3 days it is desirable avoid walking in crowded places, this also applies kindergarten and schools.

This is done in order to prevent infection with viral diseases, which can disrupt the formation of post-vaccination immunity.

For the same purpose, it is advised not to take a bath, do not swim in pools, and even more so in open bodies of water, so as not to infect. It is allowed to take a shower one day after the injection.

You can find more information on this topic here:

What to look for

Since vaccination puts a certain strain on the body, reactions are possible.

The following are considered normal and do not require treatment. reactions and symptoms in children after measles vaccination:

• The temperature rise is no more than 38 degrees, and no longer than 3-4 days. If the temperature is higher and lasts longer, you should see a doctor.
• Minor breakouts. They appear no more often than 1 in 100, but they are possible. They pass in 1-2 days.
• Redness of the throat, slight runny nose.
• Mild soreness and redness at the injection site.

You can make your baby feel better with Nurofen or Paracetamol.

The measles vaccine is usually well tolerated, but complications are likely.

Parents should be alerted to the following symptoms:

• Temperature rise over 38.5, convulsions;
• Hives, swelling of the face, lips, watery eyes. These are manifestations of an allergy that can be fatal.
• Respiratory depression and heartbeat can be signs of anaphylactic shock.
• Severe abdominal pain. Indicates an exacerbation of an ulcer or gastritis.
• Discoloration of urine, feces. Indicates a violation of the kidneys and digestive organs.

Several Yet interesting facts learn from this video:

Measles vaccination is the only one effective method prevention of the disease. The vaccine is usually well tolerated and has few contraindications.

Immunization should not be avoided in order to be sure of protection from the virus.

In contact with

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

Tamara asks:

What complications and consequences can develop after vaccination against measles?

After any vaccination, including measles, a person may develop vaccine reactions or complications. Moreover, vaccination reactions are a variant of the norm, they do not require special treatment and pass on their own. Such reactions after vaccination are observed in 15 - 25% of people. Complications after measles vaccination are extremely rare, and represent a severe and irreversible dysfunction of various organs and systems that cannot be completely cured. However, people often consider normal vaccine reactions to be complications of vaccination, which is not true. To avoid confusion, consider what manifestations and symptoms are related to normal vaccine reactions and what complications are.

So, vaccine reactions develop between the 5th and 15th days after measles vaccination, and therefore are called delayed. This is due to the fact that the composition of the vaccine preparation includes live, but weakened measles viruses, which, once in the human body, provoke a cycle of immune reactions. The peak of immune reactions occurs precisely on the 5-15th day after the administration of the vaccine, therefore, only at this time post-vaccination reactions can appear. The whole set of vaccination reactions is divided into local and general manifestations. Local include soreness, induration at the injection site, slight infiltration and tissue stiffness. These symptoms develop shortly after vaccination and go away on their own after a few days. Common vaccine reactions to measles vaccination include the development of the following symptoms:

Learn more on this topic:

• Flu vaccines: instructions for use, side effects. Which ones are used in Russia?
• Flu vaccines. Purpose of influenza vaccination. Mechanism of action, indications and contraindications
• Vaxigripp. Mechanism of action, types, composition, form of vaccine release. Indications, contraindications for use. Instructions for use. Side effects, prices and reviews
• Influvac. The mechanism of action of the vaccine, composition, form of release, analogs. Indications and contraindications for use. Side effects, prices and reviews
• Grippol. Mechanism of action, types, composition, form of vaccine release. Indications, contraindications for use. Instructions for use. Side effects, prices and reviews