Vaccinations are not included in the vaccination calendar. What vaccinations are required for children

A large number of bacterial and viral diseases makes it actively using preventive measures, that is, actions that are aimed at preventing the occurrence of these diseases. To one of the most common ways to prevent infectious diseases include vaccinations. They are an effective measure of preventing diseases (diseases) caused by bacterial and some viral infections (causative agents).

Russian calendar is one of the best in the world.

The Russian government takes care of the health of its citizens, that is why the fundamental document is being revised annually and modernized, which regulates the procedure for vaccination of the population of our country - the national vaccination calendar.

The Russian vaccination calendar is considered one of the best in the world. So, looking at him, any mother will be able to determine the date of vaccination of his child. It is known that for the formation of persistent immunity, it is necessary to carefully comply with the periods in which the re-vaccination should be carried out, and the vaccination calendar allows you to easily track the time of the next vaccination.

Features of the calendar for year:

• with its preparation, elevated risks of the likelihood of outbreaks of certain diseases were taken into account;
• special attention is paid to the prevention of hazardous diseases.

Currently, anyone can choose medical institutionin which it will be treated, including vaccination. Among the large number medical centers It is difficult to make the right choice.

Prevention is the best way to prevent diseases

Turning to vaccination to the network of the clinic of family medicine "Medius", you will be pleasantly surprised by the highest quality of service. Experienced specialists will provide advisory practical help. Friendly attitude to each patient - work motto medical personnel Clinic "Medius": only highly qualified doctors and medical sistersWith which you without fear can trust care of your health and health of your child.

Health is an invaluable gift that should be protected from childhood. The network of the family medicine clinic "Medius" has wide spectrum medical services, among which include both scheduled vaccinations and helps to maintain health for many years.

The current edition of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations was adopted by Order No. 125n of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 and includes the following vaccinations:

National calendar of preventive vaccinations

Additional immunization of the population against hepatitis B, rubella, poliomyelitis inactivated vaccineas well as against influenza

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Gleb Kulikov 08.10.2012 at 14:46

General doctor

Many vaccines are not included in the Russian national vaccination calendar. Why are they needed and who are shown?

The national vaccination calendar provides not only that the vaccines included in it need to do everything, but also guarantees from the state that every citizen can get them for free. In addition, there are many vaccines that are used in case of readings. Consider those of them that most often apply in children.

Chickenpox

In Russia, it is traditionally believed that the chickenpox should be overcome in childhood. With the overwhelming majority of children, it happens, because the contagiousness of this disease reaches a hundred percent. But few knows that after recovery the virus windmill Does not disappear from the body, but remains in sleeping condition in the nerve spinal cord roots. Subsequently, many people have a sleeping virus activated by reducing immunity and causes a very unpleasant painful disease, known as "flattering".

In most cases, the windmill in children proceeds easily. Mortality from her aged 1 to 14 years does not exceed two cases per hundred thousand sick. But adults suffer to a greater extent, mortality among them already reaches 6/100,000, and the number of complications and the severity of the disease is much higher. The newborn chickenpox proceeds especially hard, mortality comes to 30% and high risk of complications.

The complications of the windmill may include viral pneumonia, encephalitis (brain inflammation) and that much more often - bacterial skin infections arising from the place of combustrial bubbles.

For pregnant women, the windmill is also dangerous - the virus can cause miscarriage and complications for the fetus. With a probability of 1-2% when making a mother in the first trimester, a child can be born with shortened fingers, congenital cataract, underdeveloped brain and other problems. It is also possible to develop an intrauterine infection with a chickenpox with a virus, while the child has signs of "zaying depriving".

Especially dangerous chickenpox among people with sharply reduced immunity. These include: HIV media, children with blood diseases (leukemia, leukemia), children and adults after the course of anticancer chemotherapy, people with a remote spleen.

All these are the reasons why chickenpox is vaccinated in many countries, including the United States and Europe. Based on this, vaccinating against the windmill should be appropriate to do the following people:

Children of families in which parents plan to plan the following pregnancy, provided that the mother did not hurt a windmill in childhood;

Women planning pregnancy and no windmill, 3 months before the expected date of conception;

In families, where there are patients after chemotherapy or HIV media;

People who did not painl the windmill and in contact with the patients listed groups;

All adults who did not pain her windmill in childhood;

For emergency prevention of the windmill after contact with a sick person: the vaccine introduced for 72 hours can prevent the development of the disease.

Two vaccines are registered in Russia: Okavaks and Varylirix. Age of use - from 1 year. Children from 1 to 13 years old are just one dose of vaccine, adults to achieve persistent immunity it is desirable to introduce two doses with an interval of 6-10 weeks.

Hemophilic infection type B (Hib)

This infection is caused by bacteria - hemophilic stick type B. It is quite widespread among people and only in some cases causes a disease. Infections are primarily subject to newborns, children over 5 years old and adult disease does not develop.

The hemophilic wand is transmitted from man to man with air-droplet. This is one of the reasons for meningitis in small children, mortality at which reaches 3-6%. Recovered often observed non-resistant damage to the brain and nerves. Another dangerous version of the development of hemophilic infection - epiglotte - larynx swelling, leading to suffocation.

Development of vaccination against hemophilic infection in the early 1990s allowed several times to reduce the incidence and frequency of complications. The recommended age of the first vaccination is 2 months.

In Russia, several hemophilic infection vaccines are registered: Akt Hib, Hiberix, and it is included in the combined vaccines Pentaxim and Infanrix Hex.

Meningococcal infection

Meningokok - one of the main pathogens of epidemic meningitis in children and adults. The disease is transmitted by air-droplet. Meningococcus Vaccine is not included in the national calendar, but it is necessary in the event of the development of the epidemic or in contact with the diseased person to prevent secondary cases. If in kindergarten, school or neighbors in the entrance, the child fell ill with meningococcal meningitis, then it is advisable to use this vaccine for prevention.

Vaccine will also be useful for those people who leave for hot countries, especially Africa and India. Meningococcus meets there quite often and the likelihood of getting much higher than at home.

In Russia, one vaccine was registered: Meningo a + s. It is suitable for children over 18 months and adults. Re-vaccination is not required, immunity is formed after 5 days and reaches a maximum of 10 days. Resistance to immunity for about 3 years.

Pneumococcus

Pneumococcus refers to nonspecific bacteria that can cause a variety of diseases. Among them are the most frequent - pneumococcal pneumonia, bronchitis, sharp middle Otitis (Ear inflammation) and meningitis. This bacterium can live in the nasopharynx of a person without causing any symptoms, and manifest itself only with a decrease in immunity. The percentage of pneumococcus carriers in the collectives can reach up to 70%.

In young children, pneumococcus especially often causes medium otitis. Almost all children under the age of 5 at least once tolerate this disease, it is frequent cause Reducing hearing.

Vaccination against pneumococcus is not shown for everyone, but only for people from risk groups, which include heavy patients and often ill children. The vaccination reduces the incidence of ORZ 2 times and reduce the amount of pneumonium 6 times.

In Russia, one vaccine was registered: Pnemo-23. It is designed for children from 2 years and adults, the course consists of one vaccine. The duration of immunity is 3-5 years.

Human papilloma virus

Human papilloma virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. There is about 40 of its types. Most of them do not cause any symptoms and pass independently, some can cause pointed wings. But most importantly, it is proved that some types of viruses cause cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer - second mortality rate oncological disease Among women around the world. From the moment of infection with the virus to the first manifestations, there may be ten or more years. The main route of transmission - through sex contacts. If a mother is infected with the virus, she can transfer his child during childbirth, and then the newborn has Condylomes of the upper respiratory tract. From the infection of the person's papilloma virus there is no treatment. However, it can be effectively prevented by vaccination.

HPV vaccine has long been used in many countries, including in the United States and some European. It includes inactivated (loose) virus, which in itself cannot cause a disease. For the vaccine, the 4 most widespread types of virus are chosen, two of which are responsible for 70% of the cervical cancer, and the two others in 90% kondil. It is assumed that protective immunity must be maintained all his life.

Thus, the vaccine theoretically protects against the cervical cancer with a probability of about 70%. Therefore, vaccination does not cancel the prophylactic examinations of the gynecologist and screening tests on the subject of cancer, since the probability still remains. It is the mass and the "livestock" vaccinations will help prevent the majority of (70% or more) cases of cervical cancer.

To maximize vaccine efficiency, it is necessary to introduce girls to their first sexual contact, that is, before the first possible meeting in the virus. If the vaccine is introduced after infection with the virus, it will be ineffective for this type, but effective against those types that the body has not yet met. That is why doctors recommend starting vaccination at 11 years before. At the age of 26 years, the vaccine for universal immunization is not used.

Two vaccines are registered in Russia:

"Gardasil" - contains components against four types of virus: 6, 11 (Condylomes), 16 and 18 (cancer).

"Cervarix" - contains components against two types of virus responsible for the development of cancer: 16 and 18.

To produce persistent immunity, it is necessary to undergo a course of three intramuscular injections: on the first day, in two months and after 6 months. A shortened course is possible: repeated doses are introduced after 1 and 3 months. If the third dose is missing, it can be introduced without loss of efficiency for a year after the first.

What to choose?

What vaccines are suitable and necessary for you and your child? This will help you to understand the attending physician. One thing is clear: you should not neglect the possibility of preventing a disease, because the complications of childhood diseases can manifest itself and affect the future. On the other hand, for advice, it is best to choose a competent specialist who has relevant knowledge from the experience of world medicine.

WITH for more information You can read, for example, here:

CDC Immunization Center

Children's Vaccination Center on Webmd

Many vaccines are not included in the Russian national vaccination calendar. Why are they needed and who are shown?

The national vaccination calendar provides not only that the vaccines included in it need to do everything, but also guarantees from the state that every citizen can get them for free. In addition, there are many vaccines that are used in case of readings. Consider those of them that most often apply in children.

Chickenpox

In Russia, it is traditionally believed that the chickenpox should be overcome in childhood. With the overwhelming majority of children, it happens, because the contagiousness of this disease reaches a hundred percent. But few people know that after recovery, the chickenpox virus does not disappear from the body, and remains in sleeping state in the nerve spinal cord roots. Subsequently, many people have a sleeping virus activated by reducing immunity and causes a very unpleasant painful disease, known as "flattering".

In most cases, the windmill in children proceeds easily. Mortality from her aged 1 to 14 years does not exceed two cases per hundred thousand sick. But adults suffer to a greater extent, mortality among them already reaches 6/100,000, and the number of complications and the severity of the disease is much higher. The newborn chickenpox proceeds especially hard, mortality comes to 30% and high risk of complications.

The complications of the windmill may include viral pneumonia, encephalitis (brain inflammation) and that much more often - bacterial skin infections arising from the place of combustrial bubbles.

For pregnant women, the windmill is also dangerous - the virus can cause miscarriage and complications for the fetus. With a probability of 1-2% when making a mother in the first trimester, a child can be born with shortened fingers, congenital cataract, underdeveloped brain and other problems. It is also possible to develop an intrauterine infection with a chickenpox with a virus, while the child has signs of "zaying depriving".

Especially dangerous chickenpox among people with sharply reduced immunity. These include: HIV media, children with blood diseases (leukemia, leukemia), children and adults after the course of anticancer chemotherapy, people with a remote spleen.

All these are the reasons why chickenpox is vaccinated in many countries, including the United States and Europe. Based on this, vaccinating against the windmill should be appropriate to do the following people:

- Children from families in which parents plan the following pregnancy, provided that the mother did not hurt a windmill in childhood;
- women planning pregnancy and not painful windmill, 3 months before the expected date of conception;
- in families where there are patients after chemotherapy or HIV media;
- people who did not painl the windmill and in contact with the patients listed groups;
- all adults who did not have a windmill in childhood;
- For emergency prevention of the windmill after contact with a sick person: the vaccine introduced for 72 hours can prevent the development of the disease.

Two vaccines are registered in Russia: Okavaks and Varylirix. Age of use - from 1 year. Children from 1 to 13 years old are just one dose of vaccine, adults to achieve persistent immunity it is desirable to introduce two doses with an interval of 6-10 weeks.

Hemophilic infection type B (Hib)

This infection is caused by bacteria - hemophilic stick type B. It is quite widespread among people and only in some cases causes a disease. Infections are primarily subject to newborns, children over 5 years old and adult disease does not develop.

The hemophilic wand is transmitted from man to man with air-droplet. This is one of the reasons for meningitis in small children, mortality at which reaches 3-6%. Recovered often observed non-resistant damage to the brain and nerves. Another dangerous version of the development of hemophilic infection - epiglotte - larynx swelling, leading to suffocation.

Development of vaccination against hemophilic infection in the early 1990s allowed several times to reduce the incidence and frequency of complications. The recommended age of the first vaccination is 2 months.

In Russia, several hemophilic infection vaccines are registered: Akt Hib, Hiberix, and it is included in the combined vaccines Pentaxim and Infanrix Hex.

Meningococcal infection

Meningokok - one of the main pathogens of epidemic meningitis in children and adults. The disease is transmitted by air-droplet. Meningococcus Vaccine is not included in the national calendar, but it is necessary in the event of the development of the epidemic or in contact with the diseased person to prevent secondary cases. If in kindergarten, school or neighbors in the entrance, the child fell ill with meningococcal meningitis, then it is advisable to use this vaccine for prevention.

Vaccine will also be useful for those people who leave for hot countries, especially Africa and India. Meningococcus meets there quite often and the likelihood of getting much higher than at home.

In Russia, one vaccine was registered: Meningo a + s. It is suitable for children over 18 months and adults. Re-vaccination is not required, immunity is formed after 5 days and reaches a maximum of 10 days. Resistance to immunity for about 3 years.

Pneumococcus

Pneumococcus refers to nonspecific bacteria that can cause a variety of diseases. Among them are the most frequent - pneumococcal pneumonia, bronchitis, acute average otitis (ear inflammation) and meningitis. This bacterium can live in the nasopharynx of a person without causing any symptoms, and manifest itself only with a decrease in immunity. The percentage of pneumococcus carriers in the collectives can reach up to 70%.

In young children, pneumococcus especially often causes medium otitis. Almost all children under the age of 5 at least once tolerate this disease, it is a frequent cause of a decline in hearing.

Vaccination against pneumococcus is not shown for everyone, but only for people from risk groups, which include heavy patients and often ill children. The vaccination reduces the incidence of ORZ 2 times and reduce the amount of pneumonium 6 times.

In Russia, one vaccine was registered: Pnemo-23. It is designed for children from 2 years and adults, the course consists of one vaccine. The duration of immunity is 3-5 years.

Human papilloma virus

From this far from children's infection recommend vaccinating girls since 9 years. Why do you need it?
Human papilloma virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. There is about 40 of its types. Most of them do not cause any symptoms and pass independently, some can cause pointed wings. But most importantly, it is proved that some types of viruses cause cervical cancer.

The cervical cancer is the second in a frequency of mortality oncological disease among women in all over the world. From the moment of infection with the virus to the first manifestations, there may be ten or more years. The main route of transmission - through sex contacts. If a mother is infected with the virus, she can transfer it to the child during childbirth, and then the newborn has an upper respiratory consciousness. From the infection of the person's papilloma virus there is no treatment. However, it can be effectively prevented by vaccination.

HPV vaccine has long been used in many countries, including in the United States and some European. It includes inactivated (loose) virus, which in itself cannot cause a disease. For the vaccine, the 4 most widespread types of virus are chosen, two of which are responsible for 70% of the cervical cancer, and the two others in 90% kondil. It is assumed that protective immunity must be maintained all his life.

Thus, the vaccine theoretically protects against the cervical cancer with a probability of about 70%. Therefore, vaccination does not cancel the prophylactic examinations of the gynecologist and screening tests on the subject of cancer, since the probability still remains. It is the mass and the "livestock" vaccinations will help prevent the majority of (70% or more) cases of cervical cancer.

To maximize vaccine efficiency, it is necessary to introduce girls to their first sexual contact, that is, before the first possible meeting in the virus. If the vaccine is introduced after infection with the virus, it will be ineffective for this type, but effective against those types that the body has not yet met. That is why doctors recommend starting vaccination at 11 years before. At the age of 26 years, the vaccine for universal immunization is not used.

Two vaccines are registered in Russia:
"Gardasil" - contains components against four types of virus: 6, 11 (Condylomes), 16 and 18 (cancer).
"Cervarix" - contains components against two types of virus responsible for the development of cancer: 16 and 18.

To produce persistent immunity, it is necessary to undergo a course of three intramuscular injections: on the first day, in two months and after 6 months. A shortened course is possible: repeated doses are introduced after 1 and 3 months. If the third dose is missing, it can be introduced without loss of efficiency for a year after the first.

What to choose?

What vaccines are suitable and necessary for you and your child? This will help you to understand the attending physician. One thing is clear: you should not neglect the possibility of preventing a disease, because the complications of childhood diseases can manifest itself and affect the future. On the other hand, for advice, it is best to choose a competent specialist who has relevant knowledge from the experience of world medicine.

About measles epidemic in Europe. According to WHO, the disease has already affected 28 European countries: the majority of cases have become infected as a result of local transmission of infection. The only one effective tool Vaccination is considered to be vaccination. We talked about vaccinations with a children's infectiousist Irina Friedman and tell how they protect against diseases, which reaction to the vaccine is considered pathological and how many vaccinations can be made in one day.

Irina Fridman

k. m. n., doctor of the specific prevention of infectious diseases of the children's scientific and clinical center of infectious diseases of FMBA

What vaccinations do free?

In Russia, there is a national vaccination calendar - this is the adopted vaccination scheme to protect against the most common infections that may be extremely hard to flow in young children. It cannot be said that this is a tough document - according to the legislation, the parents have a choice: they can instill a child, and can abandon the vaccinations, taking responsibility for this.

Vaccinations, which are included in the national calendar: BCG (tuberculosis vaccine), vaccine against hepatitis B, pneumococcus, poliomyelitis, measles, vapor and rubella, DC (vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and cough), as well as an annual influenza vaccination. Graft from hemophilic infection is included in the National Calcalendar for Risk Groups, but this does not mean that it does not need anyone healthy child, just the state is ready to pay it only to children with health problems.

What vaccinations that are not included in the calendar should be done?

Additional vaccinations that can be done at will (and for a fee) are, for example, vaccine against wind sieves, rotavirus infection, tick-borne encephalitis, hepatitis A, meningococcal infection.

Do vaccines protect 100%?

Any vaccination does not lead to absolute protection against infection. A grafted child can transfer infection in more easy form, without complications. No one guarantees that he never sick, it all depends on the efficiency of the work of the immune system: some antibodies are preserved for a very long time, and others are rapidly lost. Nevertheless, most vaccines contribute to the formation of immune memory cells, which lead to an adequate response of the body. When moving with a microbe, they begin to work quickly and respond well to contact.

Why hurt, if theoretically, the child normally transfers the disease?

Unfortunately, no one is insured against severe illness with complication. Please stick: Do you need a serious stream of complication or the theoretical easy-to-theoretter? It turns out that this is a personal choice of each parent: "Only I can decide what I want to make a child, and what not." This is incorrect, and in some states has now been adopted another tactic: the child is recommended for a certain time to appear on vaccination - the nurse measures the temperature and makes the vaccination (the doctor does not even concern this question).

We have a somewhat different approach: to allow vaccination, sometimes it is necessary to view a certain amount of analyzes (as some parents hold a laboratory examination without the recommendations of the doctor), to examine the child, measure the temperature and only then allow to vaccinate.

Is it often possible to convince parents?

I share my knowledge of vaccinations, world experience, scientific data, pluses of vaccination, and the right to make a decision leave for them. Make them and say: "You do wrong," does not give any effect. In principle, most parents still come to vaccination, even those whose children have serious health problems.

Before receiving, parents should explore the information about the disease from which they plan to vaccinate a child, and find out what could be the consequences of this disease: to extract pictures on the Internet, listen, for example, how coughing patients do not cough. Weigh all: whether such consequences are needed or still planned to carry out the prevention of these infections.

Do I need to donate blood and urine before vaccination?

No. There are no documents regulating the surrender of tests before each vaccination. It is necessary to take tests only to certain groups of patients who have problems from blood. The main thing before vaccination is somatic health for two weeks at least, the lack of ill surrounded and the desire to be hidden. If the patient acted as a severe infection: bronchitis, pneumonia, has long been treated with antibiotics, then the interval should be a month. And after the banal ORVI is not a protracted nature (even with a temperature of 39) two weeks.

Is it necessary to prescribe antihistamines during vaccination?

Before vaccination there is no need for appointment antihistamine drugs. In some case, they are prescribed for allergies, but this experience remains only with us. Doctors in most European countries even at vaccination of allergies do not prescribe a planned reception of antihistamine drugs.

What reaction after vaccination is considered normal?

To normal vaccination reactions that may occur about 10% of children include: high temperature, local manifestations (redness, swelling, swelling). For example, after vaccinations from measles, rubella, the pairotitis from the fourth to the 15th day may appear Core and red-friendly rash, increase salivary glands, Light catarrhal manifestations - cough, throat, a small runny nose. All this briefly, most often not accompanied by intoxication, the child feels good enough, the temperature decreases after the antipyretic.

And what is the pathological?

The edema is more than eight centimeters at the site of vaccination is considered a pathological allergic local response to a vaccine: a six-month-old child has almost all the thigh. There are general allergic reactions in the form of a rash, but it arises extremely rarely and also requires certain actions by doctors: not always the parents remember that the child on the day of vaccination walked for his birthday and there for the first time tried, for example, straw in chocolate, covered in sesame.

Is it always the complications caused by the introduced vaccine?

Any states that arise after vaccination require investigation: the doctor must determine if it is connected with the introduced vaccine or not. And in most cases it is not connected. Our experience shows that children who go to us with a diagnosis of pathological reaction to vaccination, in 90% of cases have some diseases: ORVI, sharp intestinal infections, first identified kidney problems.

If there is no reaction after the introduction of the vaccine, this does not mean that antibodies are not produced: it all depends on the characteristics of the human immune system. Someone even on soft vaccines responds to increasing the temperature, and someone asymptomatically transfers any vaccination.

What are the consequences of the introduction of the vaccine the most dangerous?

The most severe reaction to the vaccination worldwide is anaphylactic shock, it is an acute allergic reaction to vaccine components. Such an acute allergic reaction occurs in the first 30 minutes after the introduction of the vaccine, the maximum - within two hours. Therefore, at least the first 30 minutes, any graft must be in the institution and sit next to the office where vaccination was carried out. In each vaccination office there is laying for first aid, including anaphylactic shock.

Anaphylactic shock on vaccine - an extremely rare situation, one case per 100 thousand doses used. It happens not only from vaccine, a provocateur can become anything: candy, medicines, strawberries, sausages, eggs - you can eat baking, which contain an egg and "issue" anaphylactic shock. We are not insured from it.

Are autistic and cerebral palsy associated with vaccinations?

Autism, centers, organic lesions of the central nervous system Not related to vaccination. We have a huge number of patients with organic damage to the central nervous system and cerebral palsy, and they are not vaccinated.

Are mercury and aluminum dangerous in vaccines?

It is proved that microdobasks that are contained in vaccines do not have any impact on the body of the gravity. The fact that the child receives with mass vaccination from additional substances is the small tolik of what we get in life. If we talk about aluminum hydroxide, it is contained in the air in big cities with factories and plants: parents do not think that every day, leading to their little child, They breathe this air. Or, for example, in a sea fish, which we are pleased to eat, a huge amount of mercury - in particular, in Tunz, which is very common in European countries.

How many vaccines can be done in one day?

How much. They are made at a distance of two or three centimeters from each other, in the thigh or in the shoulder. The antigenic load increases slightly, but it is not so high. AT vaccine DC Domestic production is three thousand antigens. In modern multicomponent vaccines (for example, Pentaxim) - about 25-27. This is several times less than in ADC, which the child perceives is completely adequate for three months.

Is it possible to combine live and "killed" vaccine?

Yes, living and "killed" vaccines can be put in one day, only observation in the post-test period in this case will be longer: the reaction may be in the inactivated vaccines in the first three days, alive - from the fourth to the 15th day. Therefore, during the temperature it will be necessary to follow a little longer.

The only one cannot be combined with anything. b. BCG, Always do it separately.

What is the difference between the live and "killed" vaccine from polio? What's better?

WHO has a program on the transition to the complete use of inactivated vaccines against poliomyelitis. Live vaccine They want to cancel to stop the circulation of the polyovirus of the vaccine strain, since the alive vaccine contains a weakened polyivirus. Vaccinated this vaccine for two months with faeces is isolated polyivirus and can be a source of infection.

The implementation of this program, at least in Russia, is quite difficult: we lack doses to instill the entire population. Now we have a scheme of combined use: two inactivated vaccines, the third and subsequent - alive. The first two administrations are completely protected from paralytic forms of poliomyelitis and on the National Calcalendar are provided free of charge. If parents want, they can continue to instill a child inactivated vaccine, not alive. The effectiveness of such a scheme is high.

What is the difference between the domestic distress and a foreign vaccine "Pentaxim"?

The domestic vaccine contains a whole-cell cough component and is considered a vaccine after which the temperature occurs with a larger frequency. "Pentaxim" contains a cell-free cough component, it is softer, in addition, protects immediately from five infections. From six infections protects "Infanrix Hex". Due to the fact that foreign vaccines have a different composition along the cough component, they have somewhat lower efficiency. If Dhipa has five to seven years effective protection From Poklumus, then, for example, "Infanrix Hex" is four to six years.

Is it possible to assume that after the first dose of Dosses (Pentaxima), the child is already protected?

No! The fact is that different amounts of vaccinations are needed from different infections. If we are talking about the prevention of a cough, then for long-term protection you need four vaccinations. After the first after a couple of weeks, antibodies will be developed, but they can be maintained shortly, therefore additional administration is required. As for diphtheria and tetanus, there are enough two vaccinations with revaccination in a year - it gives good protection. For long-term protection against polio, you need four vaccinations. So it is impossible to say that after one introduction, protection will not be developed, but it will be short-term.

There are no restrictions on the sequence of introduction of vaccines (if the patient has no contraindications): you can start with a vaccine that is most relevant today.

Why do the vaccination from the windmill, if the children do not get sick to her?

Yes, so far 90% of children who have chickenpox suffer it is pretty smooth. But the windmill is dangerous by bacterial complications that may occur: a strong itching leads to combing, infection, and this situation may require the appointment of antibacterial therapy.

One of the serious complications of the chickenpox is the windmill encephalitis. It is most often found in children of nine-ten years old, those who did not break in early childhood. When children finish kindergarten, go to school, parents perfectly understand that with age, the possibility of a heavier course of chickenpox increases, and decide to vaccinate children.

Unfortunately, while a chickenpox vaccine has not been introduced into the National Balamar and will not be carried out by mass vaccination of children, we will see seasonal outbreaks of this disease.

What will happen if people stop vaccinating their children?

In Russia, the viability of the population is more than 95-98%, but as soon as this percentage will decrease, we can see outbreaks of any diseases. A recent example is a measles epidemic in Europe and Ukraine. Now we have limited cases of the disease, they do not give much spread, but nevertheless, adults and children are sick. Most of Patients did not have vaccinations, and some of them were defended.

In the 90s, the last outbreak of diphtheria was happening: there was a restructuring, many refused vaccination. In our institute, many branches for combating diphtheria were republished. Unfortunately, the children died. Those doctors who worked then told: in the evening the patient entered, serum is introduced, and by the morning you come - and it is not. After that, such large outbreaks, thank God, was not.

In any country, the Ministry of Health approved its vaccine vaccination schedule. National vaccination calendar in Russia was finalized in 2014 and includes mandatory vaccinations For the population of any age. Small changes are made to the document. The regional Ministry of Health is working as an approved calendar under its features. This is related epidemiological features Each region, material capabilities. Consider what vaccines include our vaccinations calendar.

It is almost impossible to convince those parents who are against immunization, that if they are observed, the mandatory calendar is one of the guarantors to survive their generations. But it makes sense to ask this question. For when the question arises, there are doubts; Are there any doubts, there is an indication of the problem, anxiety, solving a solution.

So, there are concerns about Romanian communication in two corey foci in our country. The virus itself can act in the acute phase both on the brain and on the lungs and in itself causes a fatal disease. In addition, the cortee suppresses immune system and leads to secondary bacterial infections - The other, from which he died, was warned by the head of the infantile clinic in the Sofia Hospital infectious diseases. Thirdly, in several cases one of several thousand arises complication. happens in about 10 years and more.

Changes and innovations

At the end of 2014, the newest national calendar of preventive vaccinations was adopted in Russia. Changes were made to it:

• From 2 months from 2 months will be a prophylactic vaccination from a pneumococcal infection. Injection is introduced twice.
• Influenza vaccinations need to be made pregnant women. Previously, pregnant vaccination against seasonal viruses did not exercise.
• Before preventive vaccination The doctor must conduct an informational conversation and explain to the patient, why do you need one or another vaccination. If the patient writes a refusal, then it should be informed, what consequences are waiting after infection. Previously, the doctor did not concentrate his attention and did not explain to the patient, what complications may arise after vaccination and what is contraindicated.
• According to the basics of the Law "Protection of Public Health", consent and refusal of preventive vaccination must be documented. Consent or refusal for minors sign their parents or guardians.
• Before any vaccination, the patient must receive a complete medical examination. Previously, the patient was just asked if there was a complaint, today the doctor is obliged to listen to the patient, inspect skin covering, nasopharynx mucous, listen to breathing.
• Medical workers in educational institutions are obliged to prevent parents for 6-7 days before children's vaccination. The parents had time to prepare a baby.

This is a brain disease that ends fascinated. Again, how much is more dangerous, can be immunization, which builds lifetime anti-corrosion antibodies? The most important prerequisite for epidemic flares is the low frequency of vaccination among the population. In Bulgaria, almost the entire OSP, which is actually small only in its name, is not immune.

Vaccinations for epipocation

According to official data, 92% of the population is vaccinated with the required range of at least 95%. In fact, the number 92 is not real. Despite the efforts of health authorities to improve vaccination coverage since, in the obligatory calendar there were many problems that in connection with the raging epidemic in Europe still have to be calculated. The fact that two women who were diagnosed with measles in Bulgaria were vaccinated, but only one of the two necessary doses. The most vulnerable, of course, remain non-immunized.

If one of the conditions before preventive vaccination was not respected, the actions of the doctor are considered illegal.

In small provinces, the transition to new rules is difficult. Doctors used to work differently and do not always talk to the patient. On the other hand, for a survey of 1 patient in order of queue, the doctor can pay no more than 7 minutes. What can you have time to tell during this time? And about high-quality inspection and once again no need.

For the most part, they are socially and economically marginal groups of Roma, and it does not surprise anyone. The Roma community, among other things, has a catastrophically low collective immunity. In general, specialists in infectious diseases In Bulgaria, there are flashes of measles and in Plovdiv, health authorities are already familiar with the situation. About 100 non-immunized children from the Gypsy quarter stop are traced to observe and vaccinate. As of March 23, eight people were infected with corther in the country.

What is the vaccination of children

These include a 7-month-old child and a 2-year-old child. Samples of proven cases are sent to the reference laboratory in Europe. In addition to Plovdiv, the health authorities are also mobilized in the cities of the Danube due to the proximity to the outbreak of the disease - Romania. By the end of March, general practitioners in the Veliko-Tarnovo region should submit to the regional medical inspection information on the scale of immunization against measles, Dr. Irina Mystery said, director of infectious disease surveillance management.

What vaccinations are included in the calendar

The new vaccination calendar includes vaccinations from diseases: hepatitis B, Pneumococcal infection, Kor, Diphthery, Poklush, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, Hemophilic infection, rubella.

Vaccination is the infection of the body in a weak form, artificially obtained, dead or live bacterium or virus. It takes once or for several injections, with certain intervals.

She reminded that the vaccine for this type of smallpox is mandatory. The drug is combined - against measles, rubella and epidemic parotitis. Currently, he at the age of 13, and re-immunization is 12 years. Jupiter must report his patients from 13 months to 18 years.

The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky

On Wednesday, March 22, the National Coordination Council for Control and Regulation of incidence of incidence in the Ministry of Health was established. The Council is a consultative authority for the Minister responsible for him, and he is entrusted to analyze the epidemic situation in the country regarding measles, offering measures to limit the dissemination of the disease, as well as discuss and evaluate the gradual termination of these measures. He must prepare and submit to the Minister of Health Dr. Ilko Semengiev updated information about the epidemic situation.

So, hepatitis in vaccinated in two schemes. The first is appointed to children from the ordinary group (0/1/6), the second with a high risk of infection (0/1/2/12).

Revaccination is support for immunity, which has been working out after the first vaccination.

Consider the stages of vaccination and revaccination on the national calendar in the form of a table:

Population from 18 years to 35, also begged against Corey. The interval between injection is a maximum of 2 months. The group includes earlier not to instill or without re-vaccination. This also includes people from a risk group.

Romanian merchants import infection. There is a suspicion of "Romanian Communication" at two sores of measles in Plovdiv - in Stypinov and in the village. One of the families with an infected with an infected with a child in the Gypsy area in the city under the hills has relatives on the Danube, there is a measles epidemic. Zlatitra and nearby villages were traded with Romanian merchants who are negotiating to buy fruits and vegetables from local farmers. Since infection is transmitted air dropperIt is possible that the disease in the region was imported from our northern neighbor.

In each country of the world, children's vaccination is carried out in accordance with National calendar vaccinations. It is drawn up on the basis of distribution features dangerous infections On a specific territory. In Russia, the first vaccination of the child is made in the hospital. What is the vaccination schedule for today?

Vaccination against hepatitis in

In the first day after birth, all newborns make an injection that protects the baby from the virus hepatitis B.. The vaccine is injected intramuscularly into the head-side thigh. Immunity against the pathogen develops almost instantly, but the short time remains. Therefore, two more vaccinations are held at the age 1 and 6 months, And for children who have a high risk of infection (for example, from patients with hepatitis mothers) - in 1, 2 and at 12 months. As a result, immunity is being formed, reliably protecting the child from dangerous disease For at least 15 years.

Although Croatian remains the most popular foreign destination, more and more Chekhov dared to go to exotic places far beyond our small republic. In addition to recognizing different cultures, less "attractive" situations should be taken into account, such as all types of diseases and infections. Therefore, the main prevention of any such route must be suitable vaccination.

In exotic countries, foreign tourists are more susceptible to health risks that are very often associated with different forms of life, nutritional habits, hygiene and natural and thermal conditions. Therefore, before any scheduled journey, the passenger must be sure that it was properly vaccinated. You can get the necessary information on specialized workplaces, such as vaccination centers and tourist medicine. Here you will find all the information about mandatory vaccination in the country.

Vaccine against viral hepatitis B is considered one of the safest for patients. It contains non-viral particles of the pathogen, but only tiny pieces of antigens of his shell, for which immunity is produced. For a long-term period of observation of serious reactions or complications after the introduction of the vaccine preparation, it was not detected. The vaccination is allowed to carry out newborn children with a body weight of more than 1.5 kg, as well as pregnant women, which indicates the absolute confidence of the World Health Organization (WHO) in its security.

Vaccination should be held on time

In addition, vaccination is recommended. Vaccination should be planned in advance. It is not enough to simply come and have an active ingredient injection. Each vaccination should be entered on time and in some cases reused. Most vaccination types require several weeks between receptions.

What is the evaluation of the vaccination plan?

Individual vaccination plan for the target country and based on risk assessment will prepare you at the Vaccination Center. Purpose Destination Seasons Stay Duration Travel Method Travel Method of Accommodation Method of Power Age, Paul and Current Health State Immune Contraindication Status Vaccination. The basis for each vaccination is the validation of vaccination against the tetanus. For people over 30 years old, it is recommended to vaccinate from polio and diphtheria. Especially in case of trips to endemic areas.

Vaccination against tuberculosis and test manta

At the age of 3 days of life, children make intradermal injection against tuberculosis. It is carried out with a special thin-needle syringe into the outer surface of the shoulder, approximately at the border level between the upper and middle third. Depending on the state of health and the epidemiological situation, a drug with a normal content of vaccination material is used in the child's place of residence. BCG) or with a reduced ( BCG-M.).

Children are checked to check whether they completed all the basic vaccinations. After primary control, mandatory vaccinations are required, if required, and then vaccination is recommended if the passenger is interested. The list of mandatory and recommended vaccinations is changing every year in accordance with the global rules of the World Health Organization, depending on the epidemic. Therefore, always look for current information. Currently, mandatory vaccinations are required in relation.

Yellow fever vaccines are needed, for example, when traveling to India, if the traveler is located in countries where the disease is endemic. Viral Hepatitis A. viral hepatitis In the abdominal title meningococcal meningitis of type A and with rabies Japanese encephalitis cholera and enterotoxy influence in the influenza enencephalitis flu. Yellow fever vaccination is a mandatory vaccination for all countries in Africa, Central and South America, where the disease is endemic.

Vaccine against tuberculosis contains a weakened tuberculous wand, affecting cows. That is, even in an active condition, it is not able to cause a disease in humans, but at the same time forms persistent immune protection against aggressive strains of bacteria infecting people. At the injection site after a few weeks there is a post-preparing reaction in the form of a dense nodule, after the opening of which a small rutter remains. Its size is more than 4 mm - proof of Togo, the child is protected from infection.

Never underestimate the vaccine, it can save your life. Yellow fever is a serious illness, about 30,000 people die every year. In addition to vaccination there is no reliable protection or treatment. The source of infection is monkeys or people, and the transfer to man is randomly mediated by the mosquito. Yellow fever is manifested in high temperatures, pain in the back and head, approval, nausea and vomiting. Especially severe cases are also manifested in the development of jaundice, bleeding into the skin and digestive tract.

The reduction trend is noticeable, but the exact data on the coverage of the vaccination of the population, especially children, today is more or less known. However, the Ministry of Health plans to change this by creating a system of continuous vaccination monitoring and including regional hygienic stations into this system.

When children are 1 year old, and in the future annually, they are conducted by manta test. Under the skin of the inner surface of the forearm, 0.1 ml of a special protein exhaust of antigenic particles of koche bacteria is introduced and after 72 hours, the severity of local allergic reaction. According to it, the doctor can determine if the child has immunity against tuberculosis and how expressed it is whether the contamination of the pathogenic mycobacterium was there any disease. If a immune defense It was not formed or weakens with time, then at the age of 7 and 14 children repeat the vaccination of the BCG or BCG-M.

The result should be "obtaining recent data on vaccination and rationalization of the vaccination strategy." You can find an action plan on the website of the Ministry of Health here. It was developed for a year. Judge for yourself how it is done.

How does the ministry plan to increase vaccination?

There really has much to do. Just give some of the scheduled measures and tools. Educational events, lectures; an increase in frequency and improvement of the media; launch of provocative communication in social networks; creating a system of regular meetings in the media; Participation of persons known in the media in promoting vaccination; Creating an interactive server for the public; Regular records in the media - print, radio, television; creating a current model for monitoring population coverage by health authorities; Motivation of parent support in form, for example, tax breaks; Supports insured persons with health insurance companies in the form of bonuses, etc.; Nursing bonuses with medical insurance companies; The inclusion of the vaccine in the pre-university education. Cancellation of vaccination obligations; Pediatrician resignation, general practitioners for children and adolescents as a result of parental antivirus installations; an increase in infectious diseases; a significant increase in vaccination campaigns; unlawful behavior at the level of teachers; Insufficient staffing and overloading key people in the system. They are members of the target group to create an action plan for the strategy of the strategy.

Vaccination against diphtheria, cough, tetanus, polio and hemophilic infection

We have not united all these vaccinations, as vaccination and revaccination against the listed infections are carried out in the same age periods:

• three-time vaccination - at 3, 4.5 and 6 months;
• the first revaccination is 18 months.

Thanks to the current immunization calendar today, the parents have the right to choose: to make your baby 3 injections in one day (DCA vaccines + immovaks + hiberix) or only one complex - pentaxim containing to the same highly purified acellular cough component significantly reduces the probability of reaction to vaccine.

To create reliable immunity against infection and for the prevention of such an extremely rare, but serious complication, as a vaccine-associated polio, for the first two vaccinations, the vaccination preparation is used, which includes inactivated viral particles. And for the third vaccination, drinking solution (drops) is used, containing live weakened pathogens.

• against poliomyelitis - at 20 months and 14 years old (vaccine containing lively weakened viral particles);
• against diphtheria and tetanus - ADS-M vaccine for 7 and 15 years of life, and further - every 10 years (the last revaccination is recommended to spend in 65 years);
• against hemophilic infection and cough of additional revaccinations is not required.

Vaccination against rubella, measles and epidemic parotitis

The vaccination is carried out in the form of one-time intramuscular injection At the age of 1, revaccination - the same drug - in 6 years. A combined vaccine is used Priorix or Trimovaks (that is, in one syringe against all infections). It is usually well tolerated and leaves a resistant long immunity.

If before reaching the child of the age of 1 or 6 years old, he moves any of these infections, he is no longer vaccinated against it. In this case, one-component vaccine preparations are used to create immunity against the remaining pathogens. Cory is a Koreary Vaccine or Ruvaks, against rubella - Rudivaks or anti-peasant, against epidemic vapotitis - a vapor vaccine.

To make parents easier to navigate and not miss the next planned vaccination, we offer a small memo:

Vaccination against influenza

An annual immunization against influenza is included in the national calendar vaccination. Vaccine each year contains antigens of various virus serotypes. Its composition is projected by WHO experts on the basis of many years of observation of the migration of the pathogen in the population of people.