Vomiting is the reason what to do. Frequent vomiting: possible causes, symptoms and treatment

07.03.2020

Content

An unpleasant companion to many painful conditions is the feeling of nausea and subsequent vomiting, caused by a variety of reasons. It is possible and necessary to cope with these symptoms at home. Today, many antiemetics and methods are known to help stop debilitating manifestations with the help drugs or traditional medicine.

What is vomiting

Involuntary, unconscious eruption of food debris or other stomach contents through the mouth is called vomiting. It is accompanied by a characteristic sound and is the result of a sharp contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. By itself, this reflex is not dangerous, but extremely unpleasant, it is difficult for the body to tolerate, the condition requires first aid at home.

What to do if you vomit

If you experience nausea, you should immediately seek medical attention to find out what caused the condition. Nausea can be a defensive reaction of the body, a symptom of a latent disease or the result of a pathology of the nervous system, so the manifestation of vomiting requires an immediate response. Hypertension can cause vomiting. It is necessary to check this by measuring blood pressure. If gagging is the result of a sharp increase in temperature, it should be brought down with the help of an antipyretic. If you suspect an injury, call a doctor immediately.

First aid

The most important thing when vomiting occurs is not to panic (with hysterics, spasms are less controllable) and cause ambulance... Vomiting can be stopped with medical supplies or simple home remedies. It is necessary to try as soon as possible to accurately establish the cause of vomiting, since further actions directly depend on what caused it. The reasons may be as follows:

Food Poisoning - Spoiled foods are a common cause of nausea. Such vomiting does not need to be stopped immediately, because the body gets rid of the source of intoxication. It is better if the entire volume of low-quality food is removed from the food pathways. If the possibility of perforation of the digestive organs is excluded, the procedure for washing the stomach with water with salt or potassium permanganate will be effective. After stopping vomiting, the patient should be given a fractional warm drink. Strong sweet tea or rosehip infusion made from chamomile flowers, lemon balm is well suited.
Medication Overdose - Medicines taken in excessive quantities can quickly lead to serious consequences. Such cases require an urgent call for an ambulance and immediately taken measures to free the body from the swallowed medicine. Drinking plenty of fluids and gastric lavage are the first steps that must be taken to avoid the substance entering the bloodstream. If the victim has preserved the packaging of the drug, it should be shown to the doctor for a quick diagnosis and treatment. If the patients are a pregnant woman, an elderly person or a person in a weakened state, intensive gastric lavage before the arrival of emergency doctors is dangerous. It can cause dehydration by losing a lot of fluid. With such a combination of circumstances, it is better for the patient to only be offered small portions of drink before the doctor's examination.
Intestinal infection - the pathogenic flora that caused an infectious stomach disease is removed from the body through the protective mechanism of vomiting. In between attacks, the patient is offered to drink small volumes of Rehydron solution. It restores the deficit essential substancesremoved from the body along with the fluid. If vomiting does not stop, you can drink Cerucal or Motilium.
Intoxication with poisonous vapors - inhalation of toxic substances (poisoning with gas or chemical vapors) can lead to the development of nausea and vomiting. The victim must be removed to fresh air as soon as possible to ensure the supply of oxygen to the lungs. Sweet, weak tea or coffee will help stop vomiting. The victim should not be left unattended, so that in the event of a sudden loss of consciousness, he does not choke on vomit.
Motion sickness - a weak vestibular apparatus often causes nausea and vomiting in transport. Children are especially susceptible to this trouble. To prevent such a development of events, you should try to provide yourself and your loved ones with a comfortable position on the road (preferably reclining), exclude overfeeding of children on the eve of the trip, take with you a few simple tools that can alleviate the state of impending nausea:

mint-flavored caramel for sucking;
a slice of lemon with a peel (hold by the cheek);
sweet and sour lollipop (can be offered to children from vomiting);
validol tablet (hold under the tongue);
ammonia.

Medication methods

Today, pharmacies offer a wide selection of antiemetics that have different effects on the body. Each of the drugs has its own scope of action. Depending on the pharmacological group There are several types of drugs that can help stop nausea:

M-cholinergic receptor blockers - drugs act on the peripheral nervous system, reducing its activity. The drugs in this group include Meterazine - effective pills from motion sickness. Active active substance medicines - prochlorperazine. Take the remedy after meals with water. A safe dosage is limited to 4 tablets per day. The list of side effects of the remedy is headed by drowsiness and dizziness. It is not recommended for people with impaired liver function, heart, vascular disease.
Remedies for nausea of \u200b\u200bthe central action stop directly the vomiting center of the brain. These include the antihistamine Diprazine. The active substance promethazine reduces the stimulation of vestibular receptors and has sedative effect... They take the medicine once an hour before the trip, children - 10-20 mg, adults - 25-50 mg. The drug is not prescribed for pregnant women, people with allergies to ingredients, with diseases of the heart, liver, bone and brain.
Antiemetic mixed action, blocking central and peripheral receptors, reduce the activity of the outlet of the stomach, stop the return of the intestinal contents. This group includes Metoclopramide - effective and cheap drugsuitable for stopping vomiting in children. It is ineffective in treating nausea of \u200b\u200bvestibular origin. Available in the form of tablets and injection solution. Dosage for adults - 0.01 g three times a day.
Inhibitors of histamine H1 receptors are agents that reduce the amount of histamines in the blood, which irritate the vestibular apparatus. Pipolfen is widely used by travelers to help with motion sickness. The active substance of the drug - promethazine hydrochloride is referred to as fast-acting - it stops nausea within 5-10 minutes after ingestion and lasts 4-12 hours.

Adults take 1 tablet before the trip, if necessary, drinking 1 tablet every 4-6 hours. Side effects of the medication include drowsiness, lethargy, lack of energy, and decreased blood pressure... It is not prescribed for chronic hypotension, persons suffering from bradycardia, impaired transmission of nerve impulses, pregnant women, children under 6 years of age.

Sorbents (substances that remove toxins from the body) are used when vomiting is caused by too much food, drugs or other drugs that have entered the stomach. The most famous drug in this group is activated carbon. In case of poisoning, gastric lavage is prescribed with a solution of 1-2 tablets per glass of water. After that, coal is taken at the rate of 4-8 tablets three times a day, the treatment lasts several days. Prolonged intake of coal can lead to vitamin deficiency, it is contraindicated in case of internal bleeding and peptic ulcer.

Antiemetic at home

If the cause of vomiting does not require treatment in a hospital setting, then you can take effective measures to stop it at home. For a mild intestinal infection, your doctor will recommend taking drugs of the nitrofuran group or an antibiotic for 5 to 7 days. To stop vomiting, it is better to drink Rehydron or Hydrovit solutions. For the first hour, you need to take at least 10 ml for each kg of mass. For an adult weighing 70 kg, 700 ml of the solution should be taken in small sips. Further, the dosage is reduced to 5 ml per kg.

What to give a child when vomiting

First aid for vomiting in a child is an urgent measure to restore the body's water-salt balance; children are very sensitive to fluid loss. If the cause of vomiting is heatstroke, try to lower the temperature. For soldering children, Rehydron is suitable in combination with a 5% glucose solution. Diluted preparations should be mixed in a 2: 1 ratio. The solution should be prepared based on the norm of 25 - 60 ml for each kg of body weight. This volume is drunk in 10 hours. After that, the dosage is reduced to 10 ml per kg of body weight.

If the necessary drugs to stop vomiting in a child are not at hand, you can solder with Essentuki or Borjomi mineral water. You must first remove the gas from it. Sweet, weak tea is also suitable. It is better to drink liquid in fractional portions, since babies can spit up for some time after the cramps stop. A sparing diet is recommended (feeding with cereals, vegetable and fruit purees, dried fruits).

Medicine

After determining the cause of vomiting, the child is prescribed medications used in pediatrics. They can be classified into one of the following groups:

Intestinal septic tanks are medicines that act against pathogenic microbes in the intestines, destroying pathogenic bacteria. This group includes the drug Enterofuril. Release form - capsules or suspension, active substance - nifuroxazide. The medicine is prescribed to babies from 1 month old (2.5 ml of suspension 2-3 times a day). Children from 7 years old can take 1 capsule 4 times a day. Side effects of the drug include allergic reactions, therefore, with individual sensitivity to its constituents, it is not prescribed.
Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs that stop the development of intestinal infections. For children, the cephalosporin Ciprofloxacin or the macrolide Azithromycin are recommended.
Sorbents are substances that absorb toxins and remove them from the body. For children, doctors recommend activated carbon, Smecta, Atoxil. From the first year of life, you can give your child Enterosgel. Polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate in its composition is responsible for the absorption and evacuation of toxins. The cleansing gel is diluted with a small volume of water or milk and offered to children. To stop vomiting, babies under one year old are given 0.5 teaspoon of gel 6 times a day, older ones - a dessert spoon three times a day. The medicine is not used for liver or kidney failure.
Enzyme preparations that restore the work of the digestive tract (Motorix, Pancreatin) are given to a child if he is over 5 years old. Doctors often recommend available remedy Mezim. The enzymes lipase, protease and amelase in its composition help with vomiting caused by intestinal infections, inflammatory processes, and dysbiosis. Children under 7 years old are given 1 tablet 2 times a day, after 7 years old you can take 1-2 tablets 2-3 times a day. Rare side effects include allergic reaction... Mezim is contraindicated in intestinal obstruction, acute pancreatitis.
Antiemetic drugs - stop nausea by blocking receptors. Motilium is effective. Its active ingredient domperidone is a dopamine antagonist. A child under 12 years old is prescribed a suspension of 0.25-0.5 ml per kg of weight up to 4 times a day. The drug is contraindicated in patients suffering from gastric bleeding, pituitary tumors, renal or hepatic insufficiency. Rare side effects observed in the form of allergies, drowsiness, stomach cramps.

How to stop vomiting with toxicosis in pregnant women

It is better to prevent the appearance of gagging in pregnant women with the help of regime measures. Requires tireless walks, a diet that excludes foods rich in fats, avoiding unhealthy fried foods and fast food. A simple method helps many - to brush their teeth with mint paste. The doctor may prescribe Aeron, Bonin, Cerucal or Eperazin that are allowed for pregnant women:

Aeron - pills that stop nausea in transport. Active substances (camphoric acid scopolamine and hyoscyamine) have a sedative effect, reduce the muscle tone of the digestive system. The drug is not recommended for glaucoma. An hour before the trip, you need to take 2 tablets on an empty stomach, and then 1 tablet 2 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 4 tablets.
Cerucal is a popular nausea medicine that stops vomiting within 30 minutes. The active substance is metoclopramide. The effect of the drug lasts 12 hours. Take tablets 1 half an hour before meals 3 times a day. The maximum dose is 6 tablets per day (2 times a day, 2 tablets). The medicine is prescribed with caution for kidney and liver dysfunction.
Bonin is a mildly acting drug. The recommended dose is 1 tablet 60 minutes before the start of the trip, and then 1 tablet per day if the need to stop nausea remains urgent. Reported side effects are fatigue, drowsiness, dry mouth, visual impairment.
A healing drink made from dried ginger, brewed with 250 ml of water, infused for a long time, is drunk before meals, a teaspoon three times a day.
Dill water (boil a teaspoon of seeds with boiling water and leave for 2 hours), taken 5 ml during the day, will help stop vomiting in a child at home.

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Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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How to stop vomiting in a child and an adult

Vomiting is a reflexive eruption of stomach contents (sometimes duodenum) through the mouth (rarely through the nose).

Nausea - this painful sensation of discomfort in the upper abdomen, chest, mouth and throat, often preceded by vomiting.

In order to draw any conclusions about the reasons that caused vomiting, it is advisable to examine the vomit after each case of their appearance. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the following signs:

the amount of vomit;
their consistency;
colour;
smell;
the presence of food debris and their composition;

and also for the presence of pathological impurities:

blood;
mucus;
pus;
worms;
a large amount of bile.

Depending on the nature of the vomit, the following types of vomiting are distinguished:

freshly eaten food;
stagnant vomiting (long-eaten food);
bilious;
bloody;
fecal;
purulent and others.

The reasons

Undigested food may indicate

complete absence of hydrochloric acid and enzymes in gastric juice (gastric achilia),
violation of peristalsis of the esophagus or other lesions,
intestinal infection.

When vomiting with pure gastric juice of high acidity, it is possible to make an assumption about the defeat of the pancreas, characterized by increased secretion of gastrin.

A putrid odor can be observed with disintegrating stomach cancer,
the smell of alcohol - with alcohol poisoning,
the smell of acetone - about acetone vomiting (a symptom that develops as a result of metabolic failure in children, ketone bodies and acetone accumulate in the blood).

Bloody vomiting (hematemesis) always indicates bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and requires urgent medical attention and finding out the reasons.

The presence of little changed blood (liquid or in the form of loose clots) indicates a short stay of blood in the stomach (for example, with food bleeding), or achilia.

With an ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, vomit takes on the color and appearance of coffee grounds. Usually, such vomiting is accompanied by chalk (black, semi-liquid stools with a characteristic unpleasant odor).

The abundance of bile in the vomit is observed

with narrowing of the duodenum,
reflux gastritis,
with biliary colic,
with complications after stomach surgery.

Laboratory diagnostics

If it is not possible to establish the cause of vomiting, then cytological, chemical research and examination for the presence of intestinal infections are performed.

A blood test can help identify many causes of nausea and vomiting, such as suspected inflammation of appendicitis, cystitis of the liver and gallbladder, myocardial infarction, neuroborreliosis, food intolerances, or metabolic disorders due to diabetes mellitus.

Urinalysis is indicated mainly for kidney disease (such as renal failure, cystitis, renal colic).

Intestinal examination is carried out primarily with nausea and vomiting as accompanying symptoms infectious diarrhea (eg, salmonella infection).

(H2 breath test) can prove incompatibility with milk sugar (lactose), fructose (fructose).

The infection usually develops in two stages:

first manifests itself with flu symptoms and fever, headaches and muscle pain;

after a short-term improvement, fever reappears, headache, nausea, vomiting, and possibly paralysis and disturbances of consciousness.

Neuroborreliosis: Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that is transmitted by ticks (Borrelia). In five to ten percent of patients, the infection spreads to the nervous system months or years after the tick bite, and nausea and vomiting are signs of the disease.
Brain contusion: If nausea and vomiting occurs immediately after a head injury, but the patient remains fully conscious, then a contusion of the brain is likely. In case of persistent vomiting, call an ambulance!
Concussion / Traumatic Brain Injury: If nausea and vomiting occurs immediately after a head injury and then the patient loses consciousness, the cause is a concussion (minor traumatic brain injury) or traumatic brain injury more high level... Call an ambulance doctor immediately!
Brain tumor: Nausea and vomiting that cannot be explained with gastrointestinal illness, and most often early in the morning and on an empty stomach, may indicate a brain tumor. Another possible warning symptom is new headaches that get worse over time. They are especially noticeable at night and early in the morning, but can occur spontaneously during the day.
Motion sickness (road sickness): On a ship, on a bus, car, or train, it can imbalance the vestibular system, causing nausea and possibly vomiting.
Meniere's disease: Patients constantly experience bouts of sudden dizziness (nausea and vomiting), tinnitus, and acute hearing loss.

Other reasons

Acute glaucoma: accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and unbearable, unilateral forehead and eye disease. The affected eye turns red and hard, and vision is blurry. Due to the risk of blindness, consult a doctor or the nearest eye clinic immediately!
In diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis): Warning signals are nausea, vomiting, and cramps in the upper abdomen. Other symptoms of this dangerous metabolic disorder can be intense thirst, fruity odor from the mouth. Call an emergency doctor immediately!
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: nausea and / or morning vomiting, loss of appetite, and reluctance to eat some foods appear in 70-90 percent in early pregnancy. Doctors talk about complications. Vomiting is independent of food intake, does not occur at rest, and is not associated with any other medical condition. It usually starts in the sixth to eighth week and lasts until the 12th week of pregnancy. Women lose a lot of fluids, electrolytes, and weight, so treatment is necessary.
Fear, excitement, pain, disgust: some people react to these factors with nausea and possibly even vomiting.
Side effects of medications: Nausea and vomiting can occur as an undesirable effect of various drugs, such as pills, antibiotics.

What to do if you vomit?

If nausea and vomiting are accompanied by symptoms of a medical condition requiring treatment, you should see your doctor.

But what to do with nausea and vomiting in harmless cases, such as in a car, with a fever, stomach flu, or during pregnancy? In these situations, you can take steps to alleviate the condition:

you should refrain from eating for at least one day, or at least limit its amount;
drink sweet tea with a small amount of wheat rusks;
exclude alcohol, caffeine, raw, fatty foods, and hot spices for a while.

If nausea is accompanied by vomiting, you should drink plenty of fluids (at least two to three liters a day).

You can buy special formulations at the pharmacy that will restore lost electrolytes and prevent the body from losing fluid.

From nausea during pregnancy it is best to have breakfast in bed in the morning.
The food should be light.
Eat small carbohydrate-rich meals throughout the day.
Avoid spicy and fatty foods, coffee, black tea, carbonated drinks.

Recurrent symptoms - nausea with vomiting, usually speak of dangerous pathologies in the body that require urgent help.

Causes of frequent nausea and vomiting

Constant nausea may indicate the progression of a dangerous disease. Frequent bouts of vomiting can occur due to smell, taste, and they pose a threat of dehydration. At the same time, the process is fast enough.

The causes are usually problems with the functioning of the organs of the digestive system. In case of food poisoning, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever are added to vomiting.

When diagnosing the cause, you need to establish the time of development of the malaise. If nausea occurs immediately after a meal, it is probably a digestive problem: gastritis, ulcer, stomach pathology.

Nausea with frequent vomiting occurs due to diseases of the gallbladder and liver.

In any case, measures should be taken, because prolonged vomiting will provoke a strong violation of metabolic processes, acid-base balance, loss of minerals required for the normal functioning of tissues and organs.

Such a weakened state ultimately leads to the development of paralysis, impaired consciousness, seizures, impaired functioning of the kidneys, heart muscle, and brain.

Diseases that cause frequent vomiting

Usually, these symptoms provoke illness. In addition to nausea and vomiting, they are characterized by other signs that make it possible to identify violations and provide timely treatment.

Biliary dyskinesia

May cause persistent nausea. Dyskinesia leads to dysfunction of the gallbladder, worsens the outflow of bile, more often occurs in women. It is provoked by constant stress, problems with hormonal levels and unhealthy food a lot. This disease can be caused by helminthic invasion. In addition to persistent nausea with frequent bouts of vomiting, there is pain in the right hypochondrium and the following ailments:

belching;
constant fatigue;
nervousness;
frequent heartbeat.

Fatty, fried foods make the symptoms worse. In men, dyskinesia is complemented by a decrease in libido.

The disease is asymptomatic for a long time with periodic exacerbations. Treatment consists in normalizing the diet, taking medications, vitamins and probiotics. If the violation is provoked by worms - anthelmintic therapy.

It is also a cause of periodic vomiting, its development is caused by the following factors:

alcohol addiction;
gallstone disease;
long-term use of certain drugs;
operations.

Pancreatitis is characterized by an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas. It provokes nausea with vomiting, in which there is an admixture of bile. In addition to these symptoms, flatulence develops, severe pain in a stomach. The skin turns pale, and during acute attack takes on an earthy hue. At the stage of exacerbation, pain relievers are prescribed - Baralgin, Promedol, antihistamines - Tavegil, Suprastin, and protein drugs are also indicated.

Hepatitis

With its development, the first signs can be confused with the flu - pain, loss of appetite, nausea with bouts of vomiting, a rise in temperature to 38 ° C, persistent weakness.

A sensation of discomfort and pain on the right under the ribs is often added. Therapy consists in taking medications prescribed by a doctor in accordance with the form of hepatitis, organizing proper nutrition and work regimen, and rest.

The main causes of the disease: insufficient adherence to the rules of personal hygiene, unwashed vegetables and fruits, contact with a sick person.

Inflammation of the stomach lining. It is easy to confuse it with gastritis or ulcers for symptoms. Against the background of gastroduodenitis, the disorder of the duodenum is sharply manifested. Symptoms depend on the form of the lesion, the main signs are:

constant fatigue;
headache;
apathy;
sleep problems;
pallor of the skin.

With exacerbation, it is especially nauseous, stomach ache. The disease lasts a long time and requires an integrated approach to treatment. With him, you need to follow the prescribed diet, take the prescribed antispasmodics, enzymes, antacids, multivitamin complexes.

Gastritis and stomach ulcers

These diseases have similar symptoms and causes. In the absence of proper treatment, gastritis transforms into an ulcer. The initial reasons are not proper nutrition and non-compliance with the regime. People with mucous membranes susceptible to inflammation are susceptible to diseases.

Severe persistent nausea is the first symptom of pathology, periodically vomits, appetite worsens, stool is disturbed, a nagging feeling of thirst appears, severe belching, cramping pain in the stomach area.

After the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes medications, discusses the principles of nutrition.

Problems with metabolic processes, stagnation of bile provoke the formation of stones in gallbladder... The disease does not appear quite pronounced for a long time, it is accompanied by nausea with belching, bloating, and recurrent problems with stool. Sometimes there is pain in the right hypochondrium.

In the early stages of the disease, you should regularly exercise, change your diet, give up alcohol and smoking.

To stimulate bile, phenobarbital preparations are prescribed, if necessary, surgery.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the small and large intestines. Constant nausea and frequent vomiting is a symptom of this disorder. This is due to digestive problems and indigestion. Sharp forms can be combined with gastritis.

If enterocolitis is not treated, then it becomes chronic, which provokes permanent digestive disorders. Acute forms of the disease are treated with a water-tea diet, which includes cereals for water and rice water. When infectious form a course of antibiotics is required.

Proper nutrition and following all the doctor's recommendations will help to achieve remission.

If you do not carry out timely treatment, then helminthiasis will give complications that affect the work of the digestive tract.

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At the first signs of infection - be examined for helminthiasis. When the diagnosis is confirmed, you will be prescribed the appropriate medications. In the future, you need to follow preventive measures to prevent relapse.

What to do with symptoms

To carry out therapy in a complex, you need to eliminate the very cause. Depending on the disease, choose medicines, traditional medicine. Be sure to consult a doctor, only he will select a treatment that will really quickly and effectively eliminate the disease.

If you vomit strongly and for a long time, 2-3 hours, you need to refuse to eat, drink a lot and call an ambulance.

With frequently recurring attacks, completely exclude spicy, salty, fried and fatty foods from the diet. These dishes and products will only worsen the condition. Drink more warm water - at least 2 liters per day, this will speed up the elimination of toxins.

If the attacks persist, see a gastroenterologist for diagnosis. Medicines such as Cerucal, Metoclopramide allow you to quickly remove vomiting attacks, the number and time of taking the pills is prescribed by the doctor. The following groups of drugs are also shown against vomiting:

Absorbent drugs - Smecta, Enterosgel, Polysorb. These funds are able to attract toxins to themselves, removing them from the body, thereby purifying it.
The tranquilizer Diazepam helps to conduct complex treatment vomiting, has a calming effect on the body, does not cause drowsiness.
Saline solution Rehydron prevents dehydration and loss of minerals.
Antibiotics - Amoxiclav, Erythromycin, Levomycetin. They are prescribed for the infectious nature of nausea and vomiting.
Antipsychotics - have a sedative effect, similar in effect to tranquilizers.

Before using any drugs, consult a specialist so as not to cause additional complications.

Folk remedies

For such treatment at home, herbal decoctions are suitable:

Collection of lemon balm, valerian and mint in equal proportions. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture with a glass of boiling water and drink a little during the day.
Collect dill and chamomile in equal proportions. Cook similarly to the previous one.

These remedies will help get rid of stomach cramps and relieve nausea, and prevent an attack of vomiting.

Also, as a drink, water with lemon juice, orange juice, green tea is good for relieving nausea.

Frequent nausea and vomiting that cannot be stopped is a strong stress for any organism, they provoke dehydration and threaten health. With the development of such a condition, urgent help from doctors is required, self-medication will only aggravate the situation, causing the progression of the primary disease.

Vomiting is a natural reaction of a person to irritating or poisonous substances that enter the stomach. In addition, in this way we react to strong or prolonged stress, motion sickness or "motion sickness", hormonal changes during pregnancy (toxicosis), concussion, etc. The occurrence of vomiting is primarily associated with diseases of the digestive system, poisoning is not suitable for eating food or incompatible products, ingestion of viruses, with hypertension. Therefore, it is very important to know how to provide first aid for vomiting, how to help a patient if he often vomits, what to do if severe vomiting begins.

What to do if a person vomits, vomits, treatment of severe vomiting and nausea

The patient, first of all, should not be hindered in the process of self-cleaning of the stomach. After this process of vomiting is over, you can begin to provide first aid. The patient should be seated in a comfortable position and the breast should be covered with a towel or piece of plastic. A container is brought to the mouth, into which it can be pulled out if the attack recurs. If the patient's condition is too serious, it is allowed to put him to bed, and turn his head to one side so that it is located below the level of the body. An empty container is also substituted by the bed. After cleansing the stomach, the patient is given a glass of cold water to rinse the mouth, then put to bed.

How to properly help with severe vomiting, what to do to stop vomiting?

What to do if there is vomiting, severe nausea and frequent urge to vomit? You can relieve vomiting with frequent and severe vomiting and delay impending vomiting with ice cubes and mint or a couple of drops of peppermint infusion. In case of "seasickness", patients are allowed to take scopolamine, cerucal or motilium. Taking medications, you should adhere to the recommendations of the attending physician and instructions, having previously studied possible contraindications. Self-medication in this, as in the overwhelming majority of other cases, is not encouraged, since it can have unpredictable negative consequences for human health and life.

A patient suffering from bouts of vomiting should not be given food. Reception allowed activated carbon or other enterosorbents aimed at accelerating the elimination of toxins from the body. To prevent dehydration, the patient is shown to drink plenty of fluids, in particular, glucose-salt mixtures.

Taking antiemetic drugs, which ones to choose and when can antiemetic drugs be used to stop vomiting?

An adult vomited, how to provide first aid for vomiting? The most popular drugs for stopping or preventing vomiting are gastrolitis and rehydron. The action of rehydron is aimed at inhibiting the dehydration process and maintaining the water and salt balance. It is taken alternately with green tea. Alternation is necessary in order to prevent the body from saturating with salts. In turn, the Gastorlit preparation contains plant components, in particular, chamomile extract. This allows you to relieve spasm from the intestines and remove inflammation from the mucous membranes. The drug requires mixing in hot water and a short infusion. When the mixture has cooled, it can be given to the patient. The action of Gastrolit is noticeable within the next day after use.

If the described drugs are not in the home medicine cabinet, and there is no time or opportunity for a visit to the pharmacy, you can prepare a sugar-salt solution at home for first aid. For one liter of warm water, put half a teaspoon of baking soda, one spoonful of salt and eight tablespoons of sugar. The patient should drink all of this solution. If the patient's vomit contains signs of bleeding, is brown or blood clots, the only correct solution is to call an ambulance. In this case, until a doctor's examination and medical prescriptions are provided, the patient is not allowed to feed and drink, even with the above solutions.

Before choosing a drug to stop vomiting, you should consult with a specialist, because There are a number of cases where antiemetic drugs cannot be used to treat vomiting. Vomiting is a natural reaction of the body, which allows you to get rid of the poisonous constituent of the stomach. That is why, in some cases, stopping vomiting can only harm the body. Before using antiemetic drugs to stop vomiting, it is imperative to agree on the appropriateness of their use with a specialist doctor.

How to quickly help a person with vomiting?

Nausea and vomiting are the body's natural response to waste and toxins trapped in it. To reaction to stimuli digestive system does not include gagging caused by severe stress, vestibular disorders and trauma.

Severe vomiting and nausea, what to do, how to treat frequent vomiting?

Severe vomiting in children and adults, followed by nausea and repeated several times, requires an obligatory call to an ambulance home. Before her arrival, you need to be ready to provide the patient with first aid.

1 The basic rule is to let the emetic act end and only then proceed to provide assistance. The stomach should completely empty itself, without outside interference.

2 The patient is seated or laid in a comfortable position. The chest is covered with a towel or oilcloth. When laying down, make sure that the head is below the body and turned to the side. This is to prevent the entry of vomit into the respiratory tract.

3 After the complete end of the attacks of vomiting, the patient is given water to rinse the mouth, and then a sorbent.

Traditional medicine in the fight against vomiting

Before using folk remedies to stop vomiting or its consequences, it is imperative to coordinate such actions with your doctor. If the patient needs urgent care, then you can resort to techniques from the people only if you have successfully practiced it before. It should be remembered that non-traditional methods of therapy may not individually suit a particular person or have the same side effects as pharmaceutical medicines.

Severe poisoning. Exit: reception of a decoction of a pink radiola. A decoction of this plant has proven to be effective in poisoning of various origins. Its roots are used for treatment. If you harvest them yourself, you need to know that the drying of the roots is carried out in the last months of spring. Drying is carried out in the open sun. For the broth, use the crushed root of radiola pink in a ratio of 1:10 with vodka. Take 10 drops 2-3 times a day. The decoction is also effective for restoring memory and concentration.

Other herbs can help relieve nausea. A mixture of herbs of mint, chamomile, plantain, agine and St. John's wort in equal parts is poured with boiling water for half an hour, after which it is filtered and poured into a clean glass container. Take one teaspoon every two hours. Starch. You can stop severe vomiting with a decoction of potato starch (1 tsp) and water (1 tbsp). The mixture works quickly to relieve unpleasant symptoms. Chicory. To deal with the consequences food poisoning chicory is often used. The infusion with it is prepared as follows: for one glass of boiled water, one spoon of chicory powder or herb is taken, the infusion is left warm overnight, after which the patient is given one tablespoon half an hour before meals.

Egg whites. An effective solution after alcohol abuse. The whites of three eggs must be whipped and immediately drunk in one gulp. Ammonia. To get rid of signs of nausea and vomiting, use ammonia dissolved in water (10 drops in half a glass of water) every 20 minutes. You can replace ammonia with apple cider vinegar. Elecampane with severe poisoning. Take 2 tbsp per glass of boiling water. grated elecampane root and insist for 20 minutes. Drink 1 tbsp. 2-3 times daily before meals. We repeat that any non-traditional remedy should be used only with the prior approval of the attending physician. Self-medication can do more harm than good and only worsen the patient's condition.

First aid for vomiting - how to provide it correctly?

Vomiting is almost always a natural way to cleanse the body of poisonous substances. Not associated with poisoning or infection, only the emptying of the stomach from the contents after a concussion, severe stress or nervous tension, or during motion sickness. If a person has undergone such ailments as vomiting, it is necessary to provide him with help so that the unpleasant condition passes as soon as possible and does not recur. First of all, the emetic act must be completed without outside interference. Do not try to take any action until the end of vomiting. After this, the patient should be comfortably seated, avoiding pressure on the stomach, and a clean, damp towel or oilcloth should be placed on the chest. In this case, a container is brought to the mouth, into which you can pull out when the attack returns - a basin or a bucket. If a person cannot sit on his own, you can help him lie down, while the head should be slightly hanging to one side, and be slightly lower than the body. If the victim has lost consciousness, it is recommended to place him only in a supine position, so that the vomit can easily leave the body and not clog the airways. When the stomach is clear, the patient can be given water to rinse the mouth of the remaining vomit.

After that, it is allowed to put him to bed and give antiemetics, for example, Motilium or Cerucal. In such situations, mint drops are an effective way to prevent a relapse. Scopolamine allows you to stop vomiting during motion sickness. When vomiting is over, avoid eating for several hours. It is allowed to take a sorbent - activated carbon or its analogs. After helping the patient, carefully examine his vomit. Your further actions will depend on this. If the substance rejected by the stomach has blood inclusions or looks like coffee grounds, call an ambulance immediately. No additional actions on your part are required before the arrival of the doctors. If vomiting is common, it is necessary to begin to stop dehydration. Recover lost fluids and minerals from vomiting by drinking plenty of fluids. You should not drink pure water, but saline solutions.

To restore the water-salt balance in the body, agents such as Regidron, Gastrolit, Trisol and others are used. Rehydron is deservedly recognized as the most suitable means for renewing the ratio of salts and liquid, as well as stopping further moisture loss. In turn, Gastrolit, in addition to useful salts, contains chamomile extract, which allows you to relieve inflammation and spasms from the intestinal walls. The drug is poured with boiling water, and after cooling it is drunk. This is necessary in order for the chamomile to brew properly. If you don't have a pharmacy solution at hand, you can prepare it at home. Pour 1 tbsp into 1 liter of clean boiled water. l. table salt, half a spoonful of baking soda, 7 tablespoons of sugar. Stir the solution until smooth and let the patient drink in small sips. Drinking should be repeated at intervals of 5-10 minutes. It will be optimal to alternate the intake of this remedy with a 5% glucose solution or unsweetened tea. This will help prevent over-salt saturation.

How to stop vomiting - first aid for vomiting

Summing up a small summary, we can outline what should be the first steps in helping a person after cleansing the body through vomiting. The patient must be comfortably seated or helped to lie down, taking such a position in which, in the event of a recurrence of the attack, he can quickly turn to the container for the rejected masses. After the end of vomiting, the victim should be allowed to rinse his mouth with clean cool water, wipe the corners of his mouth and lips with a clean napkin.

If a painful condition has greatly weakened a person, wipe his oral cavity with a disposable cotton cloth dipped in boiled water or a special disinfectant solution (sodium bicarbonate, two percent, boric acid or potassium permanganate solutions). To stop vomiting without medication, use peppermint oil or drops, a piece of ice to dissolve, or cool water. When it is not possible to stop vomiting by the above methods, it is advisable to resort to drug therapy. The patient is injected intravenously with m-anticholinergics, antispasmodics or metoclopramide. This will help stabilize your intestinal motility. Some drugs are injected intramuscularly. With non-stop vomiting and ineffectual use of others medical supplies, as a last resort, antipsychotics are used.

Medication for vomiting, how to stop vomiting with antiemetic drugs?

Given the high risk of dehydration from vomiting, it is very important to ensure that after emptying the stomach, the victim drinks more fluids in order to restore the water-salt balance. The best means for this are water and glucose-salt solutions. They are readily available and always available at any pharmacy. Better than others, the previously mentioned Regidron and Gastrolit have proven themselves. Let's take a closer look at them.

The action of Rehydron is aimed at preventing the loss of fluid by the body and restoring the optimal ratio of water and vital salts in it. In order not to lead to excessive filling of the body with salts (which is also not useful), taking Regidron should be alternated with taking tea without adding sweeteners.
The advantage of Gastrolit is the presence of chamomile extract in addition to salts. With its anti-inflammatory and calming action, the intestines quickly relieve tension and spasms. In order for chamomile to infuse and give the maximum benefit, the drug is diluted with boiling water and cooled to room temperature, and only after that is taken orally. The beneficial effect of Gastrolit on the body is noticeable already on the second or third days.

Nausea and vomiting are two similar, often concomitant protective phenomena, which are provided by nature as reflexes that are not amenable to conscious control. Nausea and vomiting are designed to cleanse the digestive tract of harmful, in the opinion of the body, substances, despite the fact that these substances can not enter the bloodstream from the intestines. So, for example, there are examples in medical practice that a person is sick and vomited from some specific smells, tastes and even colors. Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of a variety of illnesses.

Externally, vomiting is the uncontrolled ejection of stomach contents through the mouth and, in some cases, through the nose. Absolutely all reflexes, which also include vomiting, are pathways that carry the command-impulse to the organs that execute it, such as the muscles of the diaphragm, stomach, rib cage... Vomiting can irritate any part of the reflex pathway. All components of the reflex pathway do not have to be involved. Understanding this fact is necessary in order to find out the reason for the vomiting.

The frequency of vomiting depends on many factors, such as age, gender, individual characteristics of a person. For example, women suffer from vomiting more often than men, and children (especially in adolescence) are more likely than adults. Also more often than others, vomiting occurs in people with a tendency to "motion sickness", as well as with increased nervous irritability.

Causes of vomiting

The reasons for vomiting can be the following:
1. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract:
acute surgical diseases: peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, acute intestinal obstruction, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, acute cholecystitis;
chronic diseases: gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, duodenitis, cholelithiasis;
anomalies in the development of the digestive tract: narrowing of the pylorus (stenosis), overgrowth of the gastrointestinal tract (atresia), defects in the development of the pancreas;
infections of the gastrointestinal tract: viral lesions, foodborne toxicoinfections, helminthiasis,
foreign bodies of the stomach, esophagus, intestines,
functional disorders, which are accompanied by a violation of the motor function of the intestine, stomach.
2. Diseases of the central nervous system: brain tumors and trauma, brain infections (encephalitis, meningitis), increased intracranial pressure.
3. Diseases of cardio-vascular system: hypertonic disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction.
4. Diseases inner ear: Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis.
5. Diseases endocrine system: in diabetes mellitus - ketoacidosis, thyrotoxicosis, adrenal insufficiency, phenylketonuria.
6. Side effect drugs and the penetration of toxic substances into the body.
7. Psychogenic reactions: fear and anxiety, hysteria, as an expression of some emotions - habitual vomiting.
8. Vomiting and nausea can be the result of "motion sickness".
9. Often, vomiting occurs in women in the first trimester of pregnancy, during toxicosis (gestosis).

Vomiting and nausea are common in many conditions. As a rule, nausea follows before vomiting, and vomiting gives the patient a feeling of relief. But this is not always the case, so the presence or absence of nausea is one of the main criteria for diagnosis.

Vomiting in children

IN childhood vomiting can be a reaction to many types of infections, diseases of the nasopharynx. This is due to the fact that the mechanisms of the onset-inhibition of gag reflexes in this age interval have not yet been completely formed. Often, vomiting in children can be the consequence of negative emotional reactions. Do not confuse vomiting in infants and regurgitation of a small portion of food after feeding, and vice versa: profuse and frequent regurgitation after feeding should be distinguished from vomiting, which is associated with intestinal and stomach pathology.

Vomiting with infectious diseases

With such a group of diseases as acute intestinal infections, vomiting in most cases is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication: weakness, fever, pain in joints and muscles. In many cases, vomiting precedes diarrhea, or these symptoms occur at the same time. In such cases, vomiting brings the patient a feeling of relief. Such diseases include: food poisoning, salmonellosis, cholera, yersiniosis. In addition, vomiting may be present with helminthic invasions.

In the group of acute general infections, almost every acute infectious disease includes signs of intoxication, often - especially when it comes to young children - accompanied by vomiting (in most cases once) and diarrhea.

As for infectious diseases of the brain and its membranes, it should be noted that when the membranes of the brain are damaged, severe vomiting, severe headache are added to the signs of general intoxication, subsequently confusion and convulsions can be observed. A distinctive feature of such vomiting can be called the fact that it is not preceded by nausea, and after it the patient does not feel relief.

Vomiting blood

An important factor in determining the causes of vomiting is the contents of the vomit. For example, if they are constantly present red blood, this indicates the presence of bleeding from the upper stomach (Melory-Weiss syndrome), esophagus, or pharyngeal vessels. The blood that has reacted with gastric juice will be colored brown ("coffee grounds"). If there is an admixture of such blood in the vomit, this indicates the presence of bleeding from the stomach or, in more rare cases, from the duodenum.

Vomiting of blood may indicate bleeding from a stomach or duodenal ulcer, in patients with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis - bleeding from the dilated veins of the esophagus. If there is an admixture of foam in vomit with blood, this is in most cases a sign of pulmonary hemorrhage.

With erosive gastritis, vomiting with a slight admixture of blood is also possible.

Vomiting with bile

If the vomit is colored in yellow or green color and have a bitter taste, we can say that this is bile. The presence of bile in the vomit may indicate two facts: 1) either it was simply thrown into the stomach, 2) or we are talking about the obstruction of the duodenum. Only in a small percentage of cases worms, pus (stomach phlegmon), bodies of foreign origin can be mixed with vomiting.

Time of onset of vomiting

The cause of vomiting can also be judged by knowing the time of her (vomiting) appearance. Vomiting manifested in the morning is found in pregnant women, with alcoholic gastritis and diseases of the brain. If vomiting occurs in the afternoon, then it may be associated with diseases accompanied by impaired evacuation of gastric contents. With peptic ulcer and gastritis, vomiting occurs after eating.

Vomit smell

By the smell of vomit, one can judge not only the processes taking place in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, sour vomit may indicate a peptic ulcer or other processes with increased acidification. If food stagnates in the stomach, there will be rotten smell of vomit. With intestinal obstruction, vomit is characterized by stool odor. When using surrogates alcohol or technical fluids, vomiting will have a characteristic smell of chemicals. With renal failure, vomiting smells like ammonia and with diabetes mellitus - acetone.

Evaluation of a patient with vomiting

If the diagnosis is carried out by the symptom of vomiting, it is necessary to use, in addition to the traditional detailed questioning of the patient, instrumental and laboratory methods research:
clinical blood test. It is needed in order to find out the nature of the disease (whether it is infectious or otherwise).
blood chemistry. It will help assess the function of almost any organ, find out the level of glucose in the body, as well as the level of metabolic products.
fibrogastroduodenoscopy necessary to exclude diseases of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum.
gastrointestinal radiography using radiopaque substances. With this procedure, diseases can be identified throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract.
additional diagnostic methods: cT scan, ECG, ultrasound examinations.

Vomiting treatment

To get rid of vomiting, the first step is to identify the cause that caused it. For the symptomatic treatment of vomiting, various groups of drugs are used:
with mild vomiting: antipsychotics (ethaperazine, haloperidol), tranquilizers (phenozepam, diazepam);
for vomiting caused by diseases of the inner ear, antihistamines are used (dimensionhydrinate, promethazine hydrochloride).

With symptomatic treatment, dopamine antagonists are most effective (cerucal, metoclopramide). Similar to drugs in this group cisapride (stimulator of motor function of the gastrointestinal tract) has a large peripheral effect, in addition, it does not have some side effects metoclopramide.

For vomiting caused by chemotherapy with oncological diseases, serotonin receptor antagonist drugs are used (granisetron, ondansetron, tropisetron).

To avoid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance with frequent vomiting, salt solutions are used: for internal use - rehydron, for intravenous administration – ringer's solution.

Folk remedies for the treatment of vomiting

It is recommended to treat vomiting with traditional medicine at home using herbal decoctions:
calming effect: lemon balm, valerian, mint,
calming and antispasmodic effect on the gastric mucosa: dill, chamomile.

Until the cause of vomiting is established, you should refrain from eating. If a child has vomiting, do not self-medicate, seek help from a doctor.